A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, an kawo nau'o'in aladu masu ban sha'awa da yawa zuwa Rasha. Anyi amfani dashi ga gaskiyar cewa aladu bawai kawai launin ruwan hoda bane, amma kuma baƙar fata, baƙaƙen hoto har ma da taguwa. Amma a nan Hungary aladu mangalitsy har ma da wannan bango gudanar ya tsaya tare da su sosai sabon abu waje. Kuma wannan nau'in yana da matukar amfani daga ra'ayi game da ma'aunin kuɗin da aka kashe don tabbatarwarsa da kuma farashin kayayyakin da aka samo.

Asalin nau'ikan aladu daga barbecue

Tarihin wannan sabon nau'in ya samo asali ne daga shekarar 1830 a Hungary, wanda a lokacin kuma wani bangare ne na daular Austriya. Daya daga cikin mashawartan cikin gida, watau Duke Joseph, yana da ra'ayin ƙetare alade na gida tare da aladu na gida da ke zaune a cikin Carpathians. A kan umarninsa, masu shayarwa sun cika wannan tunanin, suna ɗaukar aladun Sumadia na Bahar Rum a matsayin tushe.

Babban aikin da Duke yake son aiwatarwa shine ƙirƙirar nau'in aladu na gida waɗanda zasu dace da yanayin yanayi mai ƙarfi na kwarin Carpathian-wuri. Duk da cin hancin duk kasuwancin, yunƙurin ya sami nasara: shayarwa sun sami nasarar cimma abin da suke so cikin kankanin lokaci.

Koyaya, sakamakon ya ɗan ɗan tsammani: aladu da aka samu ta hanyar hayewa suna da kyau, sosai. Sauran abubuwan da aka tsara an cimma su. Aladu na sabuwar ƙabilar suna da babbar kariya ga kusan duk cututtukan da saurin aladu na gida ya wahala. Sun kuma iya jure duk wani yanayi na sauƙaƙe, gami da duk shekara shekara za su iya zama kan titi ba tare da buƙatar cikakkiyar alade ba. A cikin batun abinci mai gina jiki, sabon nau'in kuma ba shi da matsala, saboda aladu na iya sarrafawa ta musamman tare da makiyaya.

Irin, wanda ake kira mangalitsa alade, cikin sauri ya sami shahara a lardunan Hungaria na Daular Austriya, da kuma a cikin ƙasashen Yukren Transcarpathia. Musamman ma a cikin ƙasa suka fara farawa ta a gidajen ibadu da majami'u. Fa'idodin jinsi sun bayyana a fili, kuma kimar tana da girma kwarai har a shekarar 1833 har ma aka kafa wata doka da ta hana haɓakar mangalits tare da sauran nau'ikan dabbobi.

Ba da daɗewa ba sanannu game da sabon jinsi ya fara taɓarɓarewa a daular, kuma nama da man alade na alade daga Hongariyanci ya zama sananne a cikin Turai a tsakiyar karni na 19. Manoman ƙasar Hungary suna kiwo aladu kamar tunkiya - garken tumaki, wanda ya dace sosai a gaban manyan ciyayi mai dausayi. Wannan dabi'a ta kawo kudin shiga ga manoma har zuwa karni na 20, lokacin da aka fara sare gandun daji na Carpathian.

Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II, nau'in ya kasance a ƙarshen ƙarewa. Hukumomin kwaminisanci na Hungary da Ukraine ba su ga fa'idar wannan gandun daji ba, don haka kusan duk yawan naman alade na sanya naman alade a wuƙa. A shekarar 1970, adadinsu bai wuce ɗari biyu ba.

An yi sa'a, 'yan ƙasar Hungary sun dawo hayyacinsu cikin lokaci kuma a cikin shekarun 1980, wani shiri na maido da kiwo ya fara aiki. Bayan wani dan lokaci, a 1994, gwamnatin Hungary har ma ta kafa Manungiyar Mangili Pig Breeders.

A farkon karni na XXI, Austrian, Burtaniya da Amurkawa sun yi tarayya a cikin dawo da shagon, kuma nan gaba kadan wadannan manoma sun shigo da wadannan manoma na kasar ta Ukraine sosai kuma, bisa kan kananan sikelin, Rasha.

Alade na cin naman alade - bayanin

Abu na farko da yaja hankalin mutane a bayyanar wadannan aladu shine doguwar rigar su. Haka kuma, ulu yana da daɗin daɗaɗawa ga taɓawa da curls zuwa cikin wannan har ma da zobba. Murfin da yake haifar da sakamako irin na garken tumaki ne. A Ingila, ana amfani da kalmar "alade-alade", wato "tumaki-alade" ga wannan irin. Manoman alade na kasar Hungary sun gwammace su kira wards dinsu "kyawawan aladu." A Rasha, ana amfani da kalmar "Hungary downy mangalitsky alade" sau da yawa.

Murmushi mafi kyawu kuma mafi girman gashi shine gashin mangalits a cikin hunturu, lokacin da kuke buƙatar kare kanku daga sanyi. A cikin bazara, lokacin farin ciki murfin yatsu ya juye ya zama ciyawa mai kauri, kuma a byan bayan aladu bakar fata baƙi sun bayyana a fili, suna cin amanar dangi da boars na daji. Da kyau, idan kun kiyaye aladu na wannan irin a duk tsawon lokacin a cikin dumin dumin dumin daji kuma ku bayar da yalwataccen daidaita abinci, ulu mai mahimmanci ga rayuwar daji kusan gaba daya ta fado, kuma suna ɗaukar kusan aladu aladu.

Gabaɗaya, braziers suna da ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin mulki da ƙasusuwa mai ƙarfi. A waje na aladu na manya, babban ciki yana bayyane har sai caricature, yana kallon m game da asalin gajeren kafafu. Alade na ƙasa yana da babban kirji, lebur ko tare da ɗan ƙarancin baya. Shugaban yana da tsayi a matsakaici, jijiyar yana mai kaifi ne, kunnuwa suna da girma kuma ci gaba ne.

A halin yanzu, launuka huɗu na mangalits sun bambanta: baƙi, haɗiye, ja da fari. Zaɓin launi na ƙarshe shine mafi yawan gama gari, lissafin kusan 80% na nau'in. An samo jan brazier daga tsallake-tsalle daga fararen alade tare da Szalontai mai shayarwa, yana da mafi girman kayan aiki a tsakanin dukkan nau'ikan nau'in. Nau'in nau'in Swallow mai launi an bred ta hanyar tsallake tare da nau'in Sirius. Baya ga launi na peculiar, aladu na wannan nau'in kuma ana rarrabe su da babban farji.

Asalin tarihi

An yi imani da cewa barbecues wani nau'in aladu ne na barnata a farkon ƙarni na 19 a cikin Hungary ta hanyar haye bakoni na gargajiya na Hungaria tare da Serbian samadia da boar daji.

Thewanƙwasa mafi girma da shahararsa ya zo ne bayan shekaru masu zuwa, lokacin da bukatar salami da naman alade suka ƙaru a Turai.

Koyaya, a ƙarshen 1970s, lokacin da aka samo abincin mai cike da kitsen dabbobi mai cutarwa, an rage adadin ƙamus a ƙasashe da yawa na Tsohon Duniya, kuma waɗannan aladu suna kan ƙarewa.

Hanyar kamfanin Hamones Segovia ta sami nasarar ceton lamarin, wanda ya gano mata 90 na wannan nau'in don haifuwa. Ta yi nasarar samun babban rabo a cikin farfado da barbecues.

Musamman, a yau Hamones Segovia shine kawai kamfanin da ya mallaki dukkanin nau'ikan aladu guda uku na waɗannan aladu kuma yana da manyan garken waɗannan dabbobi.

Mangalitsa wani ɓangare ne na shirin don kare asalin 'yan asalin Hungary kuma shine alfahari da jihar.

Kowace shekara a watan Fabrairu a Budapest, ana gudanar da bikin Mangalitsa, inda masu samar da tsiran tsiran tsiran alatu ke yin gasa, ana gudanar da gasa a ciki, shirye-shiryen nishadi da dandamalin jita-jita na kasa.

Habitat

A Rasha, an shigo da nau'in naman alade daga nan da nan a ɗimbin yawa. Da farko, an bred a cikin yankin Moscow da Arewacin Caucasus. Yanzu wannan nau'in ya zama ya zama sananne a cikin ƙasarmu.

Game da kasashen waje, ya zama ruwan dare a cikin Spain, Ingila, Hungary da Ukraine.

Bayanin asali

Fasalin:

• Jikin yana da matsakaici, squat, mai ƙarfi.
• Kashin baya yana da karfi.
• Zzlearfin ya zama kunkuntar, ƙaramin elongated, kunnuwa suna da matsakaici cikin girma, rataye akan idanu, an rufe su da gashi, kamar jiki baki ɗaya.
• Hannun jiki na da ƙarfi, mai ƙarfi, tare da tsokoki masu tasowa, suma an rufe su da gashi.
• Abun ciki babba ne, mai rataye sosai.
• Baya baya harda, kirji yayi yawa.
• Wutsiya matsakaiciyar tsayi ce, kuma an rufe ta da Jawo.
• Nono da fata a baki ne.
• Ciki mai fadi ne, silima kuma gajere.
• Girma a ƙasan kusan 50 cm.
• Ciki ciki yayi, ba kwari.
• Lamin yana da fadi.
• Launin gashi na iya zama ja, fari ko haɗa launi. Akwai baƙar fata iri-iri. Koyaya, akwai 'yan wakilai na wannan nau'in, saboda haka zamu iya cewa suna kan gab da ƙarewa.
• Yanayin waɗannan dabbobin suna da natsuwa da abokantaka, amma suna da aiki tuƙuru, a cikin neman abincin da za su iya yawo cikin dogon lokaci a wuraren kiwo da wuraren tafiya. Sun fi son kiyaye titin, a cikin aladun ba a ba da shawarar rufe su ba na dogon lokaci.

Saboda yawan gashi, waɗannan dabbobin basa tsoron ko sanyi ko cizon kwari masu tashi-jini. A jikin mutum, gashin kansa yana kewaye da shi, kuma a bayansa tsaye a tsaye.

Irin wannan gashin gashi yana tsiro a cikin mutane ta tsakiyar kaka, kuma a cikin bazara aladu fara molt, kuma gashin gashi ya zama karami.

Godiya ga irin wannan gajeren wankin fur na ɗumi, dabbobi na iya yin hunturu da kyau a kan titi, kawai suna buƙatar kwanciya ne daga hay ko bambaro don kada barci a dusar ƙanƙara.

Hatta matasa dabbobi suna jin daɗi a cikin hunturu a buɗe. Sun kuma gaji irin wannan rayuwar daga dangi na daji.

Kuna iya siyan alade mashaya kan farashin 12000-20000 rubles.

Nasiha

A cewar manoma, alfanun irin su sun hada da:

• naman irin waɗannan aladu yana da laushi da taushi tare da ƙaramar mai,
• mutane na wannan nau'in suna sarrafa makiyaya daidai a lokacin bazara, amma kuma a lokacin hunturu sun sami damar narke abinci, don haka farashin abinci don abinci na ƙanƙan ƙanana ke da ƙasa,
• wakilan wannan nau'in suna da tsarin rigakafi mai ƙarfiAn gadar da mu daga magabatan daji na nesa, don haka suna jure duk wani canjin yanayi kuma a zahiri ba su da lafiya,
• samari yana da kima, sabili da haka, a farkon shekarun adalci, aladu sun sami damar haihuwar 'ya'yan,
• Saboda tsananin juriya ga sanyi, ana iya gundarin wadannan dabbobin a yankuna na arewacin,
• duk da ingancin ciyarwar, mutane da sauri suna samun nauyin jiki (galibi tsoka).

A bayyane kasala ga irin wannan hadawar sun hada da:

• yawan naman alade na ƙanƙanuwa ya yi ƙasa, saboda haka ana iya kiransu ƙarancin kiwo,
• saboda yawan karancin kayan mashaya, farashinsu ya ninka na aladu na sauran nau'ikan hanyar nama,
• Mata masu kwalliyar mace suna kawo karancin aladu fiye da sauran nau'ikan aladu.

Kayan nama

Yawan naman da aka yanka a kashi 70-80%. Wannan babban adadi ne idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in nama.

Mangalica, wanda yake shi ne nau'in mai saurin kiba, an san shi a duk faɗin duniya saboda ƙimar mai ba tare da cholesterol ba, da kuma marmara nama mai dumbin yawa na jijiyoyin jiki.

A lokacin da ya kai watanni 8, aladu sun samo maɓoƙin mabuɗin kitse na subcutaneous - har zuwa cm 5. A ƙarshen wata na 10, ƙaƙƙarfan wannan Layer zai riga ya kai 10 cm.

Sakamakon sha'awar jinin alade na daji, ƙarancin mangalits na Hangari ba sosai ba. A cikin farkon farawar, shuka ba ya wuce fiye da aladu 5, kodayake yawan cubaya a cikin far ɗaya yana ƙaruwa zuwa 8-10.

Jamon da aka ɗanɗana yana samo daga naman Mangalitsa na Hungary. Braziers suna da sifofi a matakin asalin: suna haɓaka haɓaka ba mai kitse ba, amma ƙwayar tsoka, saboda wannan suna da ɗan kitse.

A wannan batun, ana kiran su da nau'in nama a matsayin sihiri na fitattu tsakanin herbivores.

Kiwo

Kamar Mangalits, Mangals nau'in aladu ne wanda ya kai ga balaga da wuri: a lokacin yana da watanni 5-7, mace na iya yin ciki.

Koyaya, masu wadannan nau'ikan sun ba da shawarar mating ba tun da farkon mahaifiyar mai haihuwar ta kai nauyin kilogram 100 - ana buƙatar wannan don samun zuriya mai yuwuwar garkuwa mai ƙarfi.

Braziers sun fi mutuncin kakanninsu na Hangari na nau'in mai. Don haka, idan Mangalitsa zai iya kawo piglets 5-6 kawai a cikin zuriyar liyafa ɗaya, to don Mangals bayyanar jarirai 12-16, fara daga farrowing na biyu, ana ɗaukar doka ce.

A lokacin farrowing, mace Mangal aladu (bisa ga masu) sami damar da kansa kula da lafiyar daga zuriyar: yana sa gida a cikin haystack kuma nuna hali a hankali, duk da babban nauyi.

Alaramma na Mangalitsa, Mangal da daji boar a ƙuruciya suna kama da juna: yanayinsu na yau da kullun shine haske mai haske ko rami mai duhu akan sabanin yanayin rayuwa.

Lokacin yana da wata 1, ana fadada aladu na boars na daji, tsawonsa, Mangalits an zagaye shi, an rufe shi da gashi mai kyau, Mangals a sigar jiki yana kama da Mangalitsa, adana ƙanƙan daɗar daɗaɗa gashi da ingancin gashi, kamar a savages.

Piglet ana bada shawarar a yaye shi yana da shekara daya. A wannan lokacin, matasa Mangals da Mangalits suna zama da wuya, suna da kariya mai ƙarfi, suna iya narke abinci mai wuya kuma suna shirye don ci gaba da kiwo kyauta.

Dokoki:

• An sanya alade kamar wuri mai faɗi. A ciki, har ma a cikin hunturu, ya kamata ya zama sama da digiri 0. Yakamata ya zama da yawa windows, fitilar wucin gadi, zane-zane, akasin haka, an guji shi.
• Yin tafiya yana daya daga cikin mahimman mahimmancin kiyaye Mangals. Ba su rike su ba tare da tafiya ba; ana nufin ba a kulle su ba ne. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne don samar da murjani mai sarari, inuwa daga rana, wuri don masaniyar abinci da ruwa.
• Ana aiwatar da tsabtace kullun, wannan nau'in ba zai zauna cikin laka ba.
• Lokacin adana aladu na kyauta, yana da mahimmanci a kula da raunin tsire-tsire masu guba a cikin makiyayar.
• Dole ne a lullube alkalami don alkawuran kare don kare shi daga masu farautar.

Ba tare da alamu masu yawan gaske ba, nau'in aladu mangalitsa yana da amfani ga waɗansu - matsanancin sauƙi da ƙarancin farashin abubuwan da suke ciki.

Godiya ga halittar da aka samo daga gandun daji na Carpathian daji, aladu na Hungary na iya rayuwa cikin yanayin da ba'a shirya komai ba kuma ku ci makiyaya.

Tun daga lokacin da ake gasa kiwo har zuwa tsakiyar karni na karshe, manoma a ƙasar Hungary suna fara kiwon kiwo a wuraren kiwo.

Kawai a cikin hunturu ana tura su zuwa cikin matsuguni cikin sauri, suna ba da mafi ƙarancin kariya daga sanyi. Kuma a cikin irin wannan yanayin yanayin rabin-daji, da irin ya ba da babbar riba, duk da karancin kayan aiki.

A zamanin yau, wasu manoma alade ma suna yin amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya na kiyaye naman alade, inda ake tura dabbobi zuwa wuraren kiwo na bazara a lokacin rani kuma su koma cikin ɓarabar lokacin sanyi.

Gaskiya ne, a bayyane yake cewa za a iya amfani da wannan hanyar kawai a wannan yankin inda akwai ƙasa mai yawa mai kyauta tare da haƙoran kayan masarufi.

Amma tare da abun duniya na tafiya mai zurfi, ana samun babban ribar riba, aladu suna ba da iyakar abin da suke iyawa dangane da yawa da ingancin kayayyakin abinci.

Saboda gaskiyar cewa ba kowa ne ke iya samun hanyar budewa ba, wasu manoma na yin al'adar adana kayan abinci na gargajiya a gida.

Abin takaici, a cikin irin wannan yanayi, an sami babban amfanin aladu na alade na Hungary. Don kula da ingancin nama a matakin da ya dace, dole ne ka zaɓi abincin da kyau, wanda yake rage ƙimar samar da abinci.

Bugu da kari, rashin motsi yana haifar da kiba a aladu, da kara adadin mai mai arha da rage adadin nama mai mahimmanci a cikin kayan yanka.

Lokacin zabar hanyar gargajiya ta sanya aladu a buɗe, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa ana kiyaye aladu daga dusar ƙanƙara ta hanyar binne kansu cikin bambaro. Sabili da haka, a cikin muryar hunturu, lallai ne ya zama babban tari na hay ko bambaro.

Ciyar da abinci

Dangane da ciyarwa, aladu na irin Mangal suna da fa'ida sosai. Ga mafi yawan bangare, shi ne irin herbivorous, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ya isa ga makiyaya su yi girma su ci gaba. Amma, ba shakka, ana iya samun mafi girman yawan kayan aiki kawai tare da ƙari da abinci, haɗaka, premixes zuwa makiyaya.

Don haka, cikakkiyar abincin mai alaƙar Mangal ya kamata ya ƙunshi:

• makiyaya (ganye),
• rassan bishiyoyi da shishika (musamman a lokacin sanyi, lokacin da babu kayan kore),
• 'ya'yan itace da suka fadi (amma ba ya lalace),
• ƙwayayen hatsi
• premixes, alli, yumbu, abincin kashi.

Yanzu kadan game da kayan aikin ciyar da Braziers:

1. Ana ciyar da Mangalov sau 2-3 a rana.
2. Kwanaki 25-30 kafin yanka, ya kamata a canja dabba zuwa ciyar da hatsi.An ba da 300 g na hatsi mai kyau ga mutane a kowace rana, wannan yana inganta ingancin nama. Tabbas, ban da wannan, kuna buƙatar ci gaba da ba da mahaya, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, amma a cikin adadi kaɗan.
3. A bu mai kyau a ciyar da piglet tare da mai magana daga ranakun 3-5 na rayuwa, idan mace ba ta da isasshen madara ga dukkan alade. An yi shi ne daga hatsi mai soyayyen sha'ir.
4. Ya kamata a samo ruwa a cikin adadin da ba a iyakance shi ba, musamman don alade. Ana ba da ruwa mai tsabta kawai, tunda ƙwayoyin cuta na iya zama cikin datti.
5. Daga kimanin makonni 3 da haihuwa, alamu na canzawa zuwa ciyar da manya.

Cutar da magani

Aladu na nau'o'in sha'awa iri iri a gare mu suna da matukar ƙarfi, duk da haka, ba za su yi nasarar yin tsayayya da cututtuka daban-daban ba tare da taimako ba.

Don haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a yi wa allurar rigakafin rigakafin a kan kari daga irin wannan cutar kamar:

Bugu da kari, yana da mahimmanci don gudanar da tsabtace maganin anthelmintic na jikin aladu cikin lokaci ta hanyar ciyar da su magungunan da suka dace.

Abubuwan da ake tsammani don kiwo a Rasha

Ana karɓar alaƙar pigsan ƙasar Hungary da farko ta gaskiyar cewa, bisa ga wasu halaye na tsarewa, suna samar da ƙarancin farashi mai sauƙi.

Haka kuma, yana da fa'ida sosai a dasa su a inda akwai wadataccen filin ƙasa wanda ya dace da wuraren kiwo.

Ganin yawan ƙarancin ɗimbin yawa a yankuna da yawa na ƙasarmu da kasancewar albarkatun ƙasa da ba a amfani da su, da fatan wannan ƙabilar za ta kasance a Rasha.

Da farko dai, nau'in zai zama mai ban sha'awa ga masu shayar da aladu, wato mazaunan ƙauyen talakawa. Ta hanyar ɗaukar karamin yanki na ƙasar wanda ba a ba da haya ba, amma kawai ba ƙasar ta mutum ba, yana yiwuwa a samu nasarar samar da nau'ikan kwalliyar alade ba tare da tsada ba.

Amma manoma za su rigaya tabbatar da cewa aladu su baje kuɗin gonar da aka saya ko ta hanyar da ta dace.

Abin farin, a cikin yankuna da yawa na ƙasar Rasha tana da arha sosai, don haka babu babban tsada. Ganin cewa kadada ɗaya zata iya kuje kima ɗaya da rabi zuwa biyu dozin, alamomin a bayyane yake.

Amma ga manyan aladun kiwo aladu da ke kula da adana aladu na zamani, irin wannan bai dace ba. A cikin rufaffiyar wuri, ƙwallan mashaya ba za su iya gasa tare da aladu na wasu nau'in dangane da fa'ida da riba.

Bayanin

Menene jinin magabacin yamma ya saka wa dangin da ya haifar?

1. Fuskar. A waje, brazier yayi kama da dabbar daji.
2. Abubuwan da ke haifar da kiba wanda ke taimakawa barbecue don samun nauyi ta amfani da ƙafar abincin kawai.
3. Babban rigakafi. Iya ikon jure wa yawancin cututtukan da wasu wakilan aladu na cikin gida ke iya kamuwa da su, ba tare da matakan kariya da alurar riga kafi ba.
4. Ikon da kanka don jimre wa tsarin farwar. A nan, kusan ba a buƙatar ɗan adam. Duk da nauyin shuka iri-iri, tana kulawa da zuriyarta da kanta, tana shirya wuri don jariranta. Masu wannan nau'in na iya damuwa da cewa mace za ta murƙushe da aladun.

Mangalitsa kuma ya sami damar yin tasiri cikin gadar Mangal, yana mai da su ta hanyoyi da yawa masu kama. Don fahimtar abin da sabon gado zai iya gada, za ku iya samun masaniya da magabata.

Murfin ta yayi kama da mayafin garken tumaki. A cikin hunturu, yana da dogon gashi mai gashi a cikin curls, abin tunawa da furcin astrakhan. Tare da dukkan bayyanar sa, brazier yayi kama da raguna. A zamanin da, wannan nau'in ma an yi kiwo kamar tunkiya, ta kai su makiyaya. Irin wannan murfin yana da ikon kare dabba a cikin yanayin sanyi.

Kuma a lokacin rani, hoton ya bambanta sosai. Mangalitsa yayi kama da alade na al'ada tare da gajeren gashi, duk curls sun ɓace yayin aiwatar da molting. Don wannan nau'in, launi na nau'ikan uku halaye ne: ja, fari, "hadiye".

A tsakiyar karni na 20 alama ce ta kusan cikakkiyar zuriya ta wannan nau'in, adadi a wannan lokacin kasa da wakilai 200 na aladu na tumaki. Amma masu shayarwa basu bari wannan nau'in ya bace ba kuma sun dauki matakan farfado da shi.

Don bambanta brazier daga kowane wakilin aladu, alama ta musamman "tabo na Wellman" zai taimaka. Girman dutsen bai wuce cm 5. Wuri - ɓangaren ƙananan kunne.
Halin da mangalitsa ke haifarwa ta fuskoki da yawa ya yi kama da kwatancin ɓarke ​​da kanta.

Me suke da juna?

Manya da mahimmancin da aka canzawa zuwa brazier daga brazier na Hungary shine abun cikin su. Murfin dumi yana taimakawa dabbobi a sauƙaƙe jure sanyi, kuma molting yana sa ya sauƙaƙa jure yanayin zafi da kwari.

Za'a iya lura da halayyar dabbobi na dabbobi ne kawai idan abubuwanda ke cikin alade ne akan titi. Yanayin yanayin kore na aladu na haifar da asarar wannan ikon, dabbobin suna rasa sutturar gashi na gashi.

Dukansu nau'ikan dabbobi ne. Ikon ciyar da su da makiyaya ba tare da wani karin farashi ba shine babban dalilin zabar irin ga manoma. Suna kwantar da hankali suna samun nauyi mai kyau ko da ba tare da ciyarwar fili ba, kawai ta cin tushen bishiyoyi, namomin kaza, gurnetin, ciyawa da ciyayi.

Wannan kyakkyawar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin duk magabatan barikin abinci ita ce ta gada. Wannan yana sa ya yiwu gare su su tsira koda a cikin yanayin daji da kuma a cikin makiyaya.
Amma ban da fasalulluka masu kama da juna, akwai bambance-bambance, alamun wanda a wasu yanayi ke sanya barbecue ya zama mafi mahimmanci da mahimmanci.

Brazier da brazier. Bambanci

Ana kiran Mangalica a matsayin dutsen sebaceous. Tashin kitsen dabbar nan ana tantance shi ta wurin rashin ƙwayoyin cuta a ciki. Barbecue - nau'in nama. A wurin makiyaya, yana da damar samun har zuwa kilogiram 200, yayin da akwai karuwa a cikin ƙwayar tsoka, ba mai ba.

Kunnuwan brazier suna a kwance a kwance kusa da kai, kamar dai yana rufe idanu ne, kusa da brazier - suna kan madaidaiciyar matsayi.

Barikin abinci ya fi magabatanta girma. Daga far na biyu, za su iya samun jarirai har 12, yayin da brazier kawai yana da 5-6. Masana sun bayar da shawarar dabbar ta hanyar dabbar da ta cancanta fiye da nauyin jikin barbecue shuka ya kai kilogiram 100. In ba haka ba, rashin nauyi na shuka zai iya shafar rayuwar da yanayin 'ya'yan, girman su da saurin nauyinsu.

Ban sha'awa! Hakanan an tabbatar da dangantakar dukkan nau'ikan ukun (barbecue, boar daji, barbecue) ta hanyar kamanni mai ban mamaki a cikin bayyanar kananan dabbobi. Dukkan ukun ana san su da bambancin haske da ratsi mai duhu akan jikin dabbobi. Amma bayan ya kai wata 1, bambance-bambancen halayyar kowane nau'in halitta ya fara bayyana.

Jikin daji na daji yayi tsawo, masu braziers, akasin haka, samo sifofin da aka zagaye, suna kara gashi. Braaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin abu a cikin ƙuruciyarsu sun fi kama da braziers, kawai mucks suna zama da daɗewa, gashi kuma yayi kama da na boars daji.

Rashin daidaito

Bayan samun kyawawan halaye masu amfani da yawa daga magabatansu, brazier, a lokaci guda, nau'in halitta ne wanda ke da ire-iren halayen da ba za a iya watsi da su ba idan ana son haifar da su:

1. Kasancewa da magabatan daji, barbecues suna da babban buri ga manyan yankuna. Wannan dalilin shine ɗayan manyan abubuwan yayin yanke hukunci game da sayan wannan nau'in. Abubuwan da ke da kyau da kuma wuraren kiwo ya kamata ya fi girma akan abin da ake buƙata don aladu na yau da kullun.
2. Duk da irin wannan kiwo da ake samu a cikin Russia da kan iyakar Ukraine, adadin mutanen da ke harkar sikirin ya takaita sosai, don haka ana iya samun matsala lokacin kiwon irin wadannan dabbobi. Abu ne mai sauki ka sadu da giyar abinci mai tsabta kuma ana iya ba su gauraya nau'in da ya yi kama da abin sha. Amma don sanin yanayin kiwo yakan yiwu ne kawai lokacin da dabbobin suka isa lokacin balaga.

Amma masana da suka saba da wannan, ba su zama masu yawa ba, suna ba wasu shawarwari ga waɗanda ke shirin saya irin waɗannan dabbobi:

• castration na matasa boars wajibi ne. A wannan yanayin, ƙimar nauyi zata yi girma da sauri, kuma darajar naman tayi yawa,
• Alade ya kamata ya zama mai zaman kansa yana da wata 1. Da fari dai, zai kara musu karfin gwiwa, na biyu, zai sa a samu damar kara yawan farroo daga daya zuwa sau biyu a shekara,
• idan an canza masu kwarjinin zuwa cikakke-kyauta kuma suna shigar da alade kawai a cikin tsananin sanyi, kasancewar tsire-tsire masu guba a ko'ina cikin makiyayar ya kamata a sa ido,
• Yankin wuraren kiwo na dabbobin ya kamata ya zama iyakar sa. Ga shafuffukan gashi, motsawa abu ne mai mahimmanci. Haramcinsa yana da alaƙa da shafar hauhawar ƙwayar dabbobi da raguwar nama, wanda nan da nan zai rage ƙimar samfurin nan gaba.

Tunda ya yaba da fa'ida da rashin fa'ida sannan kuma, tunda ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar irin wannan aladu, yana yiwuwa a juya irin wannan aiki mai daɗi zuwa jin daɗin gaske.

Bayyanar shagon abinci

Braziers sune fitattun shahararrun aladu na aladu. A cikin kaka, jikinsu ya rufe da kauri. Launin gashi mai haske launin ruwan kasa da launin toka zuwa baki.

Braziers iri ɗaya ne a launi zuwa aladu na yau da kullun. Idan an sa braziers a gida, to gashinsu zai zama, kamar alade na yau da kullun.

Designirƙirar su ba ta da ƙarfi sosai, ƙafafunsu kuma suna da bakin ciki tare da ƙananan hooves. Kunnuwa suna da matsakaici.

Braziers suna da bayyanar ban sha'awa saboda ulu na yau da kullun.

Wannan irin nama ne. A cikin Ukraine, alal misali, wannan irin yana da analog guda ɗaya - farar farin alade. Braziers sun haɗu da asalin ƙwayar tsoka, ba mai kitse ba, kusan basu taɓa samun mai ba, kodayake suna iya nauyin kilo 300. Kuma za a iya rufe braziers da mai.

Braziers dabbobi ne masu yawan iko; suna iya ciyar da ciyawa, abinci da sharar gida. A cikin hunturu, ana ciyar da su tare da hay, amfanin gona, ciyawa, masara, ciyawa, ƙyallen dutse, bran, ƙasusuwa, gurasar alkama da ƙarancin ingancin yanayi. Babban aikin shine koyar da aladu da cin abinci.

Braziers sune omnivores. Zasu iya ciyar da ciyawa, abincin dabbobi, da sharar abinci.

Braziers ba sa buƙatar alurar riga kafi, saboda suna da ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin rigakafi, wanda suka gada daga boars daji. Sun yi haƙuri da matuƙar low da kuma yanayin zafi. Ba batun damuwa bane.

Yawan samarwar alade

Babban nauyin shuka shine 160-200 kg, boar - 200-300 kg. Babban rikodin nauyin rikodin wannan nau'in shine kilogiram 500. Yawan ci gaban dabbobi matasa bashi da girma sosai. Lokacin yana da watanni 6, ɗan alade mangalitsa mai nauyi yana da kimanin kilo 70.

Babban amfani da irin wannan shine kyakkyawan ƙwararriyar nama mai kyan gani "marmara", wanda ake girmamawa sosai a kasuwar masu amfani. Koyaya, gabaɗaya, ana ɗaukar mangalitsa a matsayin nau'i na sebaceous. A lokacin da ya kai watanni 8, aladu sun samo maɓoƙin mabuɗin kitse na subcutaneous - har zuwa cm 5. A ƙarshen wata na 10, ƙaƙƙarfan wannan Layer zai riga ya kai 10 cm.

Sakamakon sha'awar jinin alade na daji, ƙarancin mangalits na Hangari ba sosai ba. A cikin farkon farawar, shuka ba ya wuce fiye da aladu 5, kodayake yawan cubaya a cikin far ɗaya yana ƙaruwa zuwa 8-10.

Yanayin mashaya

Ba tare da alamu masu yawan gaske ba, nau'in aladu mangalitsa yana da amfani ga waɗansu - matsanancin sauƙi da ƙarancin farashin abubuwan da suke ciki. Godiya ga halittar da aka samo daga gandun daji na Carpathian daji, aladu na Hungary na iya rayuwa cikin yanayin da ba'a shirya komai ba kuma ku ci makiyaya.

Tun daga lokacin da ake gasa kiwo har zuwa tsakiyar karni na karshe, manoma a ƙasar Hungary suna fara kiwon kiwo a wuraren kiwo. Kawai a cikin hunturu ana tura su zuwa cikin matsuguni cikin sauri, suna ba da mafi ƙarancin kariya daga sanyi. Kuma a cikin irin wannan yanayin yanayin rabin-daji, da irin ya ba da babbar riba, duk da karancin kayan aiki.

A zamanin yau, wasu manoma alade ma suna yin amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya na kiyaye naman alade, inda ake tura dabbobi zuwa wuraren kiwo na bazara a lokacin rani kuma su koma cikin ɓarabar lokacin sanyi. Gaskiya ne, a bayyane yake cewa za a iya amfani da wannan hanyar kawai a wannan yankin inda akwai ƙasa mai yawa mai kyauta tare da haƙoran kayan masarufi. Amma tare da abun duniya na tafiya mai zurfi, ana samun babban ribar riba, aladu suna ba da iyakar abin da suke iyawa dangane da yawa da ingancin kayayyakin abinci.

Saboda gaskiyar cewa ba kowa ne ke iya samun hanyar budewa ba, wasu manoma na yin al'adar adana kayan abinci na gargajiya a gida. Abin takaici, a cikin irin wannan yanayi, an sami babban amfanin aladu na alade na Hungary. Don kula da ingancin nama a matakin da ya dace, dole ne ka zaɓi abincin da kyau, wanda yake rage ƙimar samar da abinci. Bugu da kari, rashin motsi yana haifar da kiba a aladu, da kara adadin mai mai arha da rage adadin nama mai mahimmanci a cikin kayan yanka.

Lokacin zabar hanyar gargajiya ta sanya aladu a buɗe, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa ana kiyaye aladu daga dusar ƙanƙara ta hanyar binne kansu cikin bambaro. Sabili da haka, a cikin muryar hunturu, lallai ne ya zama babban tari na hay ko bambaro.

Dangane da ciyarwa, alade irin mangalitsa na Hongeriyanci yana nuna kyawawan halayensa. Lokacin da aka kiyaye su a lokacin rani, za su ciyar a kan ciyawar da za su iske kansu a cikin makiyaya, kuma a lokacin hunturu, ciyawar da ta saba za ta ishe su. Ba sa buƙatar wani abinci, wanda ke sa su tsada sosai.

Abubuwan amfanin gona, masara, masara, kabewa, albarkatun dankali, ƙasa, ɓarnar abinci, silage, da sauransu za'a iya ba wa aladu azaman abincin zaɓi. Don kula da lafiyar aladu, yumbu ja, alli da abincin kashi shima yakamata a kasance cikin abincin.

Tunda braziers suna da kiba sosai, yana da mahimmanci kada a shawo kan su. Hakanan, ba sa buƙatar wasu abubuwa masu haɓaka waɗanda ke haɓaka haɓaka.

Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfanin ɗan alade

Kodayake alade irin na brazier da brazier an buge kusan shekaru dari biyu da suka wuce, adadi a duniya bai wuce dubun dubun dubbai ba. Kuma wannan ba a haɗa shi da yawa tare da gaskiyar cewa shekaru 30 da suka gabata ƙarancin yana kan ƙarshen ƙarewa, amma tare da cakudawar abin da ke ciki. Fa'idodin da yake da shi suna bayyana kansu ne kawai a cikin takamaiman yanayi na tsarewa, wanda ba kowane manomi zai iya ba.

1. Rashin kula da yanayin tsarewa. Aladu na iya zama a buɗe duk shekara. Duk abin da suke buƙata shine ɗanyen ciyawa wanda za ku iya ɓoyewa daga sanyi. A lokacin rani, ba sa buƙatar kowane mafaka kwata-kwata.
2. Abinci mai arha. A lokacin rani, braziers suna shirye don su gamsu da makiyaya, wanda su da kansu za su iya samu a makiyaya, kuma a cikin hunturu kawai suna buƙatar hay da wasu kayan lambu. Ba sa buƙatar abinci mai tsada.
3. Kyakkyawan nama. Aladu iri na wannan nau'in suna samar da ƙoshin abinci mai inganci, wanda aka ɗauka sosai a cikin dafa abinci.
4. Lafiya kalau. Tunda aladu 'yan ƙasar Hungary masu ƙarancin cuta na rigakafin cututtukan aladu na gida, ana yin allurar rigakafi da sauran kulawar dabbobi sau da yawa.

Yanzu yakamata a faɗi game da kasawa a cikin halaye na nau'ikan aladu na giya

1. Yanayin tsarewa. Aladu 'yan ƙasar Hungary suna bayyana duk fa'idodin su ne kawai idan an kiyaye su a cikin yanayin daji. Koyaya, ba kowane manomi yake da isasshen ƙasa wanda ba za'a iya amfani dashi ba wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don wuraren kiwo.
2. Productarancin aiki. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in alade, babban abin fitarwa daga gawa daya ya fi ƙanana.
3. Tendence to kiba. Lokacin da yake kwatanta aladu na naman alade, marubuta da yawa sun nuna cewa wuce gona da iri yana tsokanar kiba a aladu, wanda hakan ke haifar da raguwar darajar kayayyakin abincin da aka karɓa daga gare su.
4. Rarity a Rasha.A cikin ƙasar, ana kiyasta adadin aladu a cikin irin wannan a daruruwan, idan ba dubun ba, saboda haka yana da matukar wuya a sami samari masu ƙarfi. Da fari dai, yana da tsada, kuma abu na biyu, ba shi yiwuwa wasu lokuta su samu shi.

Ra'ayoyi game da Kiwo Pig Breeds na Braziers a Rasha

Ana karɓar alaƙar pigsan ƙasar Hungary da farko ta gaskiyar cewa, bisa ga wasu halaye na tsarewa, suna samar da ƙarancin farashi mai sauƙi. Haka kuma, yana da fa'ida sosai a dasa su a inda akwai wadataccen filin ƙasa wanda ya dace da wuraren kiwo. Ganin yawan ƙarancin ɗimbin yawa a yankuna da yawa na ƙasarmu da kasancewar albarkatun ƙasa da ba a amfani da su, da fatan wannan ƙabilar za ta kasance a Rasha.

Da farko dai, nau'in zai zama mai ban sha'awa ga masu shayar da aladu, wato mazaunan ƙauyen talakawa. Ta hanyar ɗaukar karamin yanki na ƙasar wanda ba a ba da haya ba, amma kawai ba ƙasar ta mutum ba, yana yiwuwa a samu nasarar samar da nau'ikan kwalliyar alade ba tare da tsada ba.

Amma manoma za su rigaya tabbatar da cewa aladu su baje kuɗin gonar da aka saya ko ta hanyar da ta dace. Abin farin, a cikin yankuna da yawa na ƙasar Rasha tana da arha sosai, don haka babu babban tsada. Ganin cewa kadada ɗaya zata iya kuje kima ɗaya da rabi zuwa biyu dozin, alamomin a bayyane yake.

Amma ga manyan aladun kiwo aladu da ke kula da adana aladu na zamani, irin wannan bai dace ba. A cikin rufaffiyar wuri, ƙwallan mashaya ba za su iya gasa tare da aladu na wasu nau'in dangane da fa'ida da riba.

Babban bayani

Mangal aladu sun bayyana a 1833 sakamakon ƙetare wakilan daji tare da Carpathian brazier.

Irin alade irin na Mangal yana da fa'idodi masu yawa. Don haka, ba kamar dangi ba, alade na irin Mangal yana samun nauyi cikin sauri, boar na mutum na iya nauyin kimanin kilogram 300. Wadannan aladu an rarrabe su azaman herbalvorous jinsunan.

Kiwo aladu na irin Mangal tsari ne mai ɗaukar hoto, don haka a mafi yawancin lokuta manyan gonaki alade ko ƙwararrun masu shayarwa da ke aiki da artiodactyls sun yi wannan sama da shekara guda. Mangal piglets suna matuƙar buƙata, kuma farashin su yana da ɗanɗano sosai.

An rarraba aladu na Mangal zuwa ƙananan 4 dangane da launi na gashi. Yawancin aladu na asalin Mangal fararen fata ne, wannan launi halayen ne na 80% na wakilan. Ragowar 20% ya faɗi akan mutane irin na aladu Mangal ja (duba hoto), gauraye da launin baƙi. Abin takaici, duk waɗannan wakilai, ban da na fata, yanzu suna kan hanyar karewa.

Bayan haihuwa, aladu sun yanya gashi. A wata na fari na rayuwa, sannu a hankali ya ɓace. Ko da sabbin aladu masu bambanta da kyau ana iya rarrabe su ta hanyar kyawun rigakafi da juriya ga sanyi, don haka a cikin hunturu suna iya zama lafiya a cikin ɗakin katako ba tare da ƙarin dumama ba.

Bayanin halayen waje:

• kunnuwa masu matsakaici
• mai kauri gashi,
• matsakaicin nauyi - 300 kilogiram,
• abu mai karfi,
• taro mai kyau sosai tare da mafi yawan kitse,
• karfi mai gabar jiki.

Siffofin Girma

Don haɓaka ƙimar nama, maza ana kusance su. A lokacin balaga, karfin saki na narkewar ciki da daddawa yakan faru ne, sakamakon abin da wari mara kyau mara kyau ya bayyana a cikin naman. An bada shawara don yin kamannin glandan ciki tun yana ɗan wata ɗaya. Hakanan wannan hanyar tana haɓaka haɓakar haɓaka, saboda haka wasu lokuta mata suna haifuwa.

Aladu na mangal sun isa lokacin balaga cikin watanni shida. Shuhun ya ɗauki 120a 120an kwanaki 120. Idan farrow ba shine farkon ba, to a cikin ɗayan ciki, alade na iya jure da jarirai sama da 12. Bayan kwanaki 5, alade zai iya cin maɗauran ruwa. Lokacin da yake wata daya, za a iya gabatar da amfanin gona da ganye a cikin abincin.

Don aladu su iya jin al'ada a lokacin sanyi, ya zama dole a samar musu da daidaitaccen abinci. Abincin yakamata ya hada da irin waɗannan samfuran:

• tushen amfanin gona da hay - 70%,
• Gumin, acorns - 30%,
• ruwa bitamin da ma'adanai.

Yana da muhimmanci sosai cewa aladu sun sami isasshen abinci, amma a kowane hali yakamata a cika su. Excessarin abinci mai wuce haddi, kazalika da rashi, yana da lahani ga lafiyar dabbobi: har ma suna iya mutuwa daga matsananciyar damuwa. Panlet an yaye shi lokacin da suka kai makonni 4 da haihuwa. Don haɓaka haɓaka, ana yin ta biyu a rana ta 5-7 bayan yin wean.

Mangal piglets suna da ingantaccen rigakafi, saboda haka ba za a iya yi masu rigakafin ba. Braziers suna da abokantaka ga sauran mazaunan gonar, har ma da mutane.

Inda yakamata

Mangal aladu suna da girma a cikin girma, bi da bi, suna buƙatar wurare da yawa don adanawa da tafiya. Ana adana mangal piglets a cikin yanki mai shinge. Ana shirya tafiya cikin wurare tare da ciyayi mai yawa, saboda aladu su iya dawo da kansu tare da ganye lokacin da suke so.

Dole a sanya wani keɓaɓɓen alfarwa a yankin tafiya domin aladu su iya ɓoyewa daga ruwan sama da zafi. Don kiyaye lokacin hunturu wajibi ne don gina sito. Zama zuriyar bambaro ko hay an sanya shi a ƙasa na sito. Ba a buƙatar ƙarin dumama.

An gina mafi kyawun alade daga itace. Ana bukatar sanyaya kayan alade da tsarin samun iska. Babban mahimmanci a cikin kula da aladu shine kula da mafi kyawun microclimate a cikin dakin, yana da mahimmanci don hana yanayin rashin tsabta. Lita dole ne a canza kullun.

Siffofin Ciyar

Braziers sune omnivores. Akasin saɓanin stereotypes, waɗannan wakilan ba sa buƙatar abinci mai yawa. Tushen naman alade shine taro na tsoka. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, Mangalians suna samun 600 g kowace rana.

Idan babu wata hanyar tafiya aladu, kuna buƙatar girbi abinci gare su da kanku. Mami yana buƙatar isasshen ganye, saboda haka dole ku tsallake ciyawa a kansu. Hakanan, isasshen kayan lambu ya kamata ya kasance cikin abincin:

Braziers na iya cinye kusan dukkanin ciyayi, gami da kayan lambu ba kawai, har ma da 'ya'yan itace. Abinda kawai ya haramta shine apricots: ƙasusuwansu suna haifar da guba a cikin dabbobi. Duk kayan lambu da kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa dole ne a feshi sannan a ba wa aladu. Don aladu su girma cikin sauri, ana gabatar da hatsi a cikin abincin.

Lokacin da dabbar ta kai nauyin kilogram 150, kuna buƙatar bambanta abincin da kuma kula da daidaituwarta: tare da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, haɓaka zai iya dakatarwa gaba ɗaya. Domin aladu su koyi yadda ake samun abincin kiwo, lallai ne su saba da wannan tun da wuri. Babban zaɓi shine lokacin da aladu ke tafiya tare da mahaifiyarsu.

Ribobi da fursunoni na irin

Binciken wadanda ke dauke da aladun na Mangal irin suna da inganci. Masu shayarwa sun gamsu da sauƙin kulawa da kula da waɗannan aladu. Babban fa'idodin su ne kyakkyawan daidaitawar wakilan wannan nau'in zuwa kowane yanayi canjin yanayi da kuma ingancin tsada dangane da ciyarwa.

Masu shayarwa sun lura cewa naman Mangal yafi taushi da na sauran aladu, kuma kusan bashi da mai. Rage ma'anar ya hada da babban farashin tsararrun mutane. Bugu da kari, suna da wahalar samu. Irin wannan alade na iya cin kuɗi fiye da 12,000 rubles. Dukkanta ya dogara ne da sikelin.

Kodayake, har ma da farashi mai tsada, wakilan Brazier iri-iri suna da bukata sosai. Idan kun fita sau ɗaya kuma ku sayi mutane da yawa, to a nan gaba ana iya siyar da su ba tare da matsala ba da kansu. Wata hasara ita ce bukatun yankin don kiyayewa: don aladu manya-manya suna buƙatar manyan wuraren don tafiya.

Bukatun Pigsty

Don kiyaye aladu na irin Mangal, ana buƙatar babban ɗakin. Yankin zai dogara ne da yawan dabbobi. Don kwanciyar hankali mai kyau mutum ɗaya yana buƙatar muraba'in mita 5. Mutane da yawa sun ce za a iya ajiye Mangalov a kan titi, har ma a cikin hunturu, amma har yanzu dabbobi suna buƙatar ɓoyewa daga sanyi, musamman idan sun kasance ƙananan aladu.

Ya kamata a mai da hankali musamman don shimfiɗa bene. Ga adadi kaɗan na aladu, kuna iya yin tarko da laka kuma ku sa a saman kwamatin. Don manyan dabbobi, mafi kyawun zaɓi shine takaddun kwanciyar hankali mai ruɓi. Ba'a bada shawara don zaɓar kayan abu mara kyau don shimfiɗar ƙasa: zai sha kayan sharar dabbobi, wanda zai ƙara warin ƙanshi. Lokacin kwanciya bene, kuna buƙatar gina guttura don yawan fitsari da fitsari.

Yana da matukar muhimmanci a tsara kyawun iska na ɗakin. Mafi yawan amfani da wadataccen tsari da ƙoshin hayaki. Haske ma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa: a cikin ɗakuna masu yawa, aladu sun zama marasa sa'a. Yawan windows zasu dogara kai tsaye kan yankin bene.

A cikin alade kuna buƙatar tsara wadatar ruwa. Wannan ya zama dole don tabbatar da ka'idojin tsabta kuma zai sauƙaƙa tsaftacewa, musamman idan kuna yin bene a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin gangara. Yanayin iska a cikin hunturu kada ya faɗi ƙasa da sifiri. An rarrabe Braziers ta kyakkyawar rigakafi, don haka ba a buƙatar shigarwa kayan kayan zafi.

Kammalawa

Kuna iya nemo ƙarin bayani daga bidiyon - irin nau'in aladu na naman alade.

Irin waɗannan aladu suna da fa'idodi masu yawa akan sauran nau'in halittu. Kiwonsu ba ya buƙatar kashe kuɗi na musamman, saboda ko da manyan girma na abinci sun cinye ƙasa kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan. Aladu na mangal suna da sauri cikin riba mai nauyi. Girma mai girman kai ya kai kilogiram 300.

A lokacin da kiwo aladu Mangal don nama, ya zama dole don aiwatar da kamannin gland na jima'i. Wannan hanyar tana haɓaka haɓaka nauyi sosai kuma yana inganta ingancin nama. Animalsarancin dabbobi yana buƙatar manyan wurare don tafiya.

Sayi ingantaccen piglet irin Mangal yana da matukar wahala. Abin takaici, mutane masu launin ja, hade da launuka masu duhu suna gab da hallakawa. Mafi yawa suna girma da su a manyan gonakin alade. Kudin alade na wannan nau'in suna da yawa sosai.

Alade na cin naman alade - bayanin

Abu na farko da yaja hankalin mutane a bayyanar wadannan aladu shine doguwar rigar su. Haka kuma, ulu yana da daɗin daɗaɗawa ga taɓawa da curls zuwa cikin wannan har ma da zobba. Murfin da yake haifar da sakamako irin na garken tumaki ne. A Ingila, ana amfani da kalmar "alade-alade", wato "tumaki-alade" ga wannan irin. Manoman alade na kasar Hungary sun gwammace su kira wards dinsu "kyawawan aladu." A Rasha, ana amfani da kalmar "Hungary downy mangalitsky alade" sau da yawa.

Murmushi mafi kyawu kuma mafi girman gashi shine gashin mangalits a cikin hunturu, lokacin da kuke buƙatar kare kanku daga sanyi. A cikin bazara, lokacin farin ciki murfin yatsu ya juye ya zama ciyawa mai kauri, kuma a byan bayan aladu bakar fata baƙi sun bayyana a fili, suna cin amanar dangi da boars na daji. Da kyau, idan kun kiyaye aladu na wannan irin a duk tsawon lokacin a cikin dumin dumin dumin daji kuma ku bayar da yalwataccen daidaita abinci, ulu mai mahimmanci ga rayuwar daji kusan gaba daya ta fado, kuma suna ɗaukar kusan aladu aladu.

Gabaɗaya, braziers suna da ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin mulki da ƙasusuwa mai ƙarfi. A waje na aladu na manya, babban ciki yana bayyane har sai caricature, yana kallon m game da asalin gajeren kafafu. Alade na ƙasa yana da babban kirji, lebur ko tare da ɗan ƙarancin baya. Shugaban yana da tsayi a matsakaici, jijiyar yana mai kaifi ne, kunnuwa suna da girma kuma ci gaba ne.

A halin yanzu, launuka huɗu na mangalits sun bambanta: baƙi, haɗiye, ja da fari. Zaɓin launi na ƙarshe shine mafi yawan gama gari, lissafin kusan 80% na nau'in. An samo jan brazier daga tsallake-tsalle daga fararen alade tare da Szalontai mai shayarwa, yana da mafi girman kayan aiki a tsakanin dukkan nau'ikan nau'in. Nau'in nau'in Swallow mai launi an bred ta hanyar tsallake tare da nau'in Sirius. Baya ga launi na peculiar, aladu na wannan nau'in kuma ana rarrabe su da babban farji.

Babban nauyin shuka shine 160-200 kg, boar - 200-300 kg. Babban rikodin nauyin rikodin wannan nau'in shine kilogiram 500. Yawan ci gaban dabbobi matasa bashi da girma sosai. Lokacin yana da watanni 6, ɗan alade mangalitsa mai nauyi yana da kimanin kilo 70.

Babban amfani da irin wannan shine kyakkyawan ƙwararriyar nama mai kyan gani "marmara", wanda ake girmamawa sosai a kasuwar masu amfani. Koyaya, gabaɗaya, ana ɗaukar mangalitsa a matsayin nau'i na sebaceous. A lokacin da ya kai watanni 8, aladu sun samo maɓoƙin mabuɗin kitse na subcutaneous - har zuwa cm 5. A ƙarshen wata na 10, ƙaƙƙarfan wannan Layer zai riga ya kai 10 cm.

Sakamakon sha'awar jinin alade na daji, ƙarancin mangalits na Hangari ba sosai ba. A cikin farkon farawar, shuka ba ya wuce fiye da aladu 5, kodayake yawan cubaya a cikin far ɗaya yana ƙaruwa zuwa 8-10.

Ba tare da alamu masu yawan gaske ba, nau'in aladu mangalitsa yana da amfani ga waɗansu - matsanancin sauƙi da ƙarancin farashin abubuwan da suke ciki. Godiya ga halittar da aka samo daga gandun daji na Carpathian daji, aladu na Hungary na iya rayuwa cikin yanayin da ba'a shirya komai ba kuma ku ci makiyaya.

Tun daga lokacin da ake gasa kiwo har zuwa tsakiyar karni na karshe, manoma a ƙasar Hungary suna fara kiwon kiwo a wuraren kiwo. Kawai a cikin hunturu ana tura su zuwa cikin matsuguni cikin sauri, suna ba da mafi ƙarancin kariya daga sanyi. Kuma a cikin irin wannan yanayin yanayin rabin-daji, da irin ya ba da babbar riba, duk da karancin kayan aiki.

A zamanin yau, wasu manoma alade ma suna yin amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya na kiyaye naman alade, inda ake tura dabbobi zuwa wuraren kiwo na bazara a lokacin rani kuma su koma cikin ɓarabar lokacin sanyi. Gaskiya ne, a bayyane yake cewa za a iya amfani da wannan hanyar kawai a wannan yankin inda akwai ƙasa mai yawa mai kyauta tare da haƙoran kayan masarufi. Amma tare da abun duniya na tafiya mai zurfi, ana samun babban ribar riba, aladu suna ba da iyakar abin da suke iyawa dangane da yawa da ingancin kayayyakin abinci.

Saboda gaskiyar cewa ba kowa ne ke iya samun hanyar budewa ba, wasu manoma na yin al'adar adana kayan abinci na gargajiya a gida. Abin takaici, a cikin irin wannan yanayi, an sami babban amfanin aladu na alade na Hungary. Don kula da ingancin nama a matakin da ya dace, dole ne ka zaɓi abincin da kyau, wanda yake rage ƙimar samar da abinci. Bugu da kari, rashin motsi yana haifar da kiba a aladu, da kara adadin mai mai arha da rage adadin nama mai mahimmanci a cikin kayan yanka.

Lokacin zabar hanyar gargajiya ta sanya aladu a buɗe, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa ana kiyaye aladu daga dusar ƙanƙara ta hanyar binne kansu cikin bambaro. Sabili da haka, a cikin muryar hunturu, lallai ne ya zama babban tari na hay ko bambaro.

Dangane da ciyarwa, alade irin mangalitsa na Hongeriyanci yana nuna kyawawan halayensa. Lokacin da aka kiyaye su a lokacin rani, za su ciyar a kan ciyawar da za su iske kansu a cikin makiyaya, kuma a lokacin hunturu, ciyawar da ta saba za ta ishe su. Ba sa buƙatar wani abinci, wanda ke sa su tsada sosai.

Abubuwan amfanin gona, masara, masara, kabewa, albarkatun dankali, ƙasa, ɓarnar abinci, silage, da sauransu za'a iya ba wa aladu azaman abincin zaɓi. Don kula da lafiyar aladu, yumbu ja, alli da abincin kashi shima yakamata a kasance cikin abincin.

Tunda braziers suna da kiba sosai, yana da mahimmanci kada a shawo kan su. Hakanan, ba sa buƙatar wasu abubuwa masu haɓaka waɗanda ke haɓaka haɓaka.

Siffofin kiyayewa da kiwo

Idan ciyar da naman alade na Mangal irin an shirya shi don ƙarin kisan, to dole ne a jefa su tun yana da shekaru 1-1.5, tunda bayan wannan ba kyakkyawan tsari bane da sauri suka fara yin nauyi. Balaga ta mahaifa yakan faru ne a watanni 5-7 na haihuwa, yayin da ciki ya kai kwanaki 120. Don ciki daya, zaku iya samun fiye da aladu goma sha biyu, amma wannan tabbas ne kawai idan alade ba shine farkon ciki ba.

Bayan kwanaki 5 bayan farrowing, wani sabon ƙarni na iya fara ciyar da da ruwa Mash, yumbu ja, hatsi sha'ir da makamantansu kayayyakin abinci dauke da duk bitamin da kuma ma'adanai zama dole domin matasa. Lokacin da aladu suka cika makonni 3-4, za su gasa kayan lambu da kansu kuma ya kamata su fara ba da beets, karas, apples and fresh ciyawa.

Don wakilan mambobin da aka ambata a baya na jin dadi sosai a lokacin hunturu, abincinsu yakamata ya ƙunshi waɗannan: kashi 70 - amfanin gona, masara da masara, kashi 30 - ƙyallen ƙwaya da itacen ɓaure. A lokacin rani, farashin abinci ya rage ƙima, tunda wakilan wannan nau'in suna da iko sosai kuma suna neman abinci da kansu kawai. A lokaci guda, mutum bai manta game da ƙarin ciyarwa ba, tunda kowane kwayoyin yana buƙatar bitamin da ma'adanai a kowane lokaci.

Kasancewar aladu na irin Mangal dole ne su ci abinci mai yawa don haɓaka da kyau karya ce. Idan aladu overreat, musamman piglets, to, za su iya mutu baki ɗaya, don haka kar a overdo da abinci.

Nan da nan bayan haihuwar, aladunn suna da launin "taguwa", duk da haka, a watan farko na rayuwa, wannan launi ya ɓace. A kusan daidai wannan shekar, a yaye wean daga shuka. Don haɓaka yawan amfanin gona, an sake shuka ciyayi da aka riga an yi kwanaki 5-7 bayan an yaye. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa har ma da jarirai Mangals ba sa tsoron mummunan yanayin yanayi, don haka ko da a cikin ƙananan sanyi ana iya sa su a cikin zubar da katako ba tare da ƙarin dumama ba. Wasu masu saba wa juna ne da sanya hay ga alade domin su yi ɗumi, wannan ya zama dole saboda shukar za ta yi gida daga hay, inda aladu zai kasance mafi kwanciyar hankali.

Aladu na mangal suna da tsarin rigakafi mai ƙarfi, wanda ke nufin cewa ba sa buƙatar alurar riga kafi. Aladu da sauri a saba da sabon yanayi da mutane, kuma suna abokantaka da duk dabbobi a cikin yadi. Mangals an girma musamman don nama, amma ana iya haɓaka su don horar da karnukan farauta, da kuma don wasanni da dalilai na farauta.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, yawan wakilan irin abincin Mangal yana da iyaka, saboda haka suna cikin babban bukatar. Wararrun masu shayarwa sunyi gargaɗi: kada ku sayi aladu na Mangal irin akan tsari, saboda a maimakon irin tsarkakakken zuriya zaku iya samun Vietnam ko Koriya ta Koriya.

Yankin tsarewa

Idan baku da damar yin manyan yawon shakatawa don aladu, to zai fi kyau kar ku sayi Mangals, tunda suna buƙatar yanki mai yawa. Ikon, bi da bi, dole ne ya kasance da shinge mai ƙarfi wanda ba zai ba da baƙi waɗanda ba a gayyata su aladu ba.

Don yin tafiya mai kyau kamar yadda zai yiwu, ya zama dole ciyawa ko shishiyoyi su girma a kai, tunda aladu na Mangal irin na son rai suna cin abincin shuka. Yana da kyau a tabbata cewa babu wasu tsire-tsire masu guba da suka girma akan yankin. Don ɓoye dabbobinsu daga dusar ƙanƙara da ruwan sama, kuna buƙatar rufe kewayon tare da alfarwa.

Halayen alade

Kamar yadda aka fada a baya, aladu na wannan ƙirar suna nauyin kilogram 300. Dukkanin ya dogara ne akan abin da kuke ciyar da dabbobinku, da kuma wane yanayi ne yake ciki. Boars yana buƙatar kusantar da shi tun yana da watanni 1-2. Godiya ga wannan, zaku iya gina tsoka kuma ku kawar da wari mara dadi wanda ke fitowa daga aladu. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa ya bambanta matsayin sharar kayan mashigin teku a matsayin fitattun herbivore.

Kuna iya karanta ƙarin game da kiwo irin nau'in Vietnamese.

Dabbobin suna shirye don yin jima'i yana da shekaru 5-7. Wani halayyar wannan nau'in shine kasancewar lokacin farin ciki, mai tsawo. Tana nan jikin ta duka, kuma a bayanta tana tsaye a kan ta. Wannan yana sanya sayan kamar barbecue tare da boar daji. Yana girma cikin faɗuwa, lokacin sanyi ya zo. Godiya ga suturun hunturu da suka cika, alade na iya yin sanyi a cikin sanyi ba tare da ƙarin kayan aiki ba.

A lokacin da dabbobi ke haihuwar dabbobi, sun yi jawabai da yawa a bayansu. Wataƙila sun fi sauƙi ko duhu fiye da launi na fari.

Fa'idodin kiwo aladu Mangal sun haɗa da:

• nama mai daɗi sosai
• abincin da ake amfani da shi don ciyarwa sananne ne saboda ƙanƙancinsa,
• unpretentiousness a cikin kulawa da tabbatarwa,
• ba ya tasiri cikin yanayin hunturu,
• farkon maturation.

Siffofin Kiwo

Dalilin halayyar irin wannan buƙatar don waɗannan aladu shine rashin fassararsu cikin kulawa. Babu buƙatar buƙatar boars, idan har ba za ku iya samar da su tare da tafiya a lokacin rani ba. Irin waɗannan dabbobi suna da son kawai. A cikin yankin da suke tafiya, wajibi ne a yi tunani game da shinge. In ba haka ba, aladu masu baƙi kawai ku je ku zauna tare da dabbobi masu ɓarna, karnuka.

Yayin tafiya, aladu na iya cinye duk ciyayi. Wanda ya girma kusa da su. Sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da gaba cewa babu wasu ciyayi masu guba a cikin wannan yankin. Tabbatar da mantawa har abada, wanda zai iya kare dabbobi daga ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara, da kuma daga zafin rana.

Duk da gaskiyar cewa wasu masu mallakar dabbobi suna ajiye dabbobi a wani wuri a buɗe a duk shekara, yana yiwuwa a samar da yanayi mai kyau kawai a cikin ɗakuna mai tsabta da dumi. Duk da haka buƙatar yin gado na bambaro da hay.

Hakanan zaku sha'awar sanin yadda yake.

Lokacin da aka fara haihuwar, sai a kyale kyalenta tsawon kwanaki 3-5. Da farko, ana ciyar da su da mai magana da ruwa ruwa. A farkon matakan, wajibi ne don ciyar da yara tare da kayan abinci masu ma'adinai. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar ba da alli, yumbu, abincin kashi. Fresh mai tsabta ruwa dole ne ya kasance cikin abincin, wanda alade zasu sami damar shiga. Lokacin da saniya ya kai makonni 3 da haihuwa, to yana iya cin abinci kusan ɗaya kamar manya. Suna iya tauna hay da abinci mai iya ciyar dasu.

Idan wani yayi sa'a don samun tsarkakkiyar asali, to lallai yakamata a sami matsala tare da kiwo. Tun lokacin da maturation aladu suke da wuri, amma suna buƙatar faruwa kawai lokacin da nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 100. Dalilin shi ne cewa barbecue shuka a lokaci guda na iya kawo zuriya masu yawa. Idan alade yayi nauyi kadan, alade zai yi rauni kuma ba zai yuwu ba.

Samun kayan yadudduka na faruwa kwanaki 116-120. Idan aka kwatanta da shuka na Vietnamese, gasa na gyada suna da kyau sosai ga aikin da suke yi. Amma wannan baya nufin cewa kuna buƙatar barin komai zuwa dama kuma kar ku biyewar aladu. Wani lokacin za'a sami wasu karkacewa daga hanyar da sukeyi na farrowing, saboda wanda za'a buƙaci taimako.

Lokacin da hens na kwanciya fara fara share nuna.

Aladu sukan iya rayuwa su ci abinci da kansu lokacin da ya kai wata ɗaya. Bayan kwanaki 5 bayan yaye, shuka ya shirya don dabbar ta hanyar canjin. Godiya ga wannan, zaku iya samun farrowing 2 a kowace shekara.

Kuna iya siyan alade mashaya kan farashin 12000-2000 rubles.

Don kiwon alade na cikin gida da masana'antu, an tsara kiwo sama da ɗari waɗanda zasu iya samar da rabo daban-daban na mai da nama. Taron al'ada, sun kasance nau'ikan uku:

• na duniya (nama da mai): Landras, Duroc, Lapay, Sauki, Pietrain, Urzhumskaya,
• nama da naman alade (gwargwadon yanki na musamman na nama da mai): Bidiyon Yukran Belaya da Ryabaia, farin Lithuaniyanci, mai kishin Jamusanci, Murom, arewacin Siberiya,
• m (mai-ingancin mai): Mangalitsa, Babban baƙi, Berkshire.

A cikin wannan jerin, M Angals sun mamaye wani wuri na musamman - nau'in aladu waɗanda ke haifar da tattaunawa mai yawa akan Intanet. Babban batun tattaunawa shine sunan kiwo, kamar yadda ake gano shi tare da Mangalica na Hongeriyanci. Bugu da kari, a rayuwar yau da kullun ana jin cewa Harshen Brazier nau'in alade ne da ulu.

Zamu yi kokarin tare don fahimtar mahimman bambance-bambance tsakanin nau'ikan sanannun biyun - sun danganta asali, bayyanar, ingancin nama. Mangalitsa da Mangala suma suna da fasali na jiki wanda ya shafi kiyayewa, ciyarwa, kiwo.

Asalin Mangalice dan kasar Hungary

Mangalitsa dan asalin kasar Hungary ne. A matakin farko, yana dauke da tsarin halittar aladu da dabbobin Carpathian na daji:

Zuriyayen da aka samu sakamakon irin wannan haɗuwa na jini ya juya ya zama rabin-daji, tare da gashi mai ƙyalli da kuma yanayin haushi. Crossarin hayewa tare da Sumadia (Serbia) ya haifar da bayyanar a cikin 1833 na Fulawar Hungary (ƙasa) Mangalitsa. A wannan matakin, aladu sun sami alamun bayyananniyar alamun nau'in sifar, yanayin bayyanar, yana samun nauyi da sauri.

A cikin bayan yakin karni na XX, Mangalitsa ya kasance a mafi kololuwar shahara, amma karuwa ya fadi a saman shahara: a ƙarshen shekarun 70-80, yawan dutsen sekiniki na Mangalitsa ya ragu sosai. Dalilin wannan shine ra'ayoyin da ake amfani da su cewa abincin da ke ɗauke da mai ba shi da lafiya.

Har yanzu, matsayin Mangalitsa ya ƙarfafa a cikin 1990, lokacin da kamfanin "Hamones Segovia, S.A." (Spain) fara haihuwar ta.

Mangalitsa wani ɓangare ne na shirin don kare asalin 'yan asalin Hungary kuma shine alfahari da jihar. Kowace shekara a watan Fabrairu a Budapest, ana gudanar da bikin Mangalitsa, inda masu samar da tsiran tsiran tsiran alatu ke yin gasa, ana gudanar da gasa a ciki, shirye-shiryen nishadi da dandamalin jita-jita na kasa.

Alade irin Brazier

Tarihin asalin wannan ƙabilar yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da sunan ƙasar waje.

M angal wani nau'in tsiro ne wanda aka goge sakamakon tsallaka Mangalitsa tare da kwari na Yammacin Turai. Wannan ya sanya ya yiwu a inganta tsarin halittar gado da kuma haɓaka halayen ladabi da nufin samun ainihin abin da ke cikin nama tare da kulawa, kulawa da ciyarwa.

Dangane da bayanin da aka samu, ba a yi rijistar irin Mangal din bisa hukuma ba. Koyaya, wannan bai hana connoisseurs na nama mai inganci ba, don neman irin wannan matasan don ƙarin kisan da kuma zuriyar fitattun mutane. Selectionarin zaɓin dangane da samin genotype ya ci gaba.

Halayen Masu amfani da Mangalitsa da Mangal

Mangalica, wanda yake shi ne nau'in mai saurin kiba, an san shi a duk faɗin duniya saboda ƙimar mai ba tare da cholesterol ba, da kuma marmara nama mai dumbin yawa na jijiyoyin jiki. Jamon da aka ɗanɗana yana samo daga naman Mangalitsa na Hungary.

Braziers suna da sifofi a matakin asalin: suna haɓaka haɓaka ba mai kitse ba, amma ƙwayar tsoka, saboda wannan suna da ɗan kitse. A wannan batun, ana kiran su da nau'in nama a matsayin sihiri na fitattu tsakanin herbivores.

Babban kamanceceniya da Mangalitsa, wanda ke da nau'in aladu Mangal, shine abun cikin. Jawo Jawo mai dumin danshi yana sauƙaƙa jure dusar ƙanƙara a titi, kuma lokacin molting yanayi yana sa ya sauƙaƙa jimrewa lokacin zafi.

Tsarin rigakafi mai ƙarfi, wanda aka gada daga magabatan boar daji, ba batun damuwa bane kuma yana baka damar yin ba tare da allurar rigakafi ba.

Dukkanin biyun suna da tsire-tsire, basu buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, suna da kyakkyawan ƙwaƙwalwa da kuma hankali sosai - wannan yana ba su damar daidaitawa da yanayin tafiya mai 'yanci, don jin daɗin girma a cikin makiyaya ko a cikin yanki mai shinge (alal misali, a cikin lambu) a lokacin rani da damuna.

Lokacin rani lokaci ne na shimfida yanayi na musamman ga dabbobin da zasu iya karɓar abinci daga kowane wurin kiwo. Ciyawar ciyawa, duckweed daga tafkunan, safiyar 'ya'yan itace, harbe da tushen bishiyoyi da tsirrai, tushen, acorns, cones da chestnuts, ana cin namomin kaza da berries. A cikin hunturu - hay, tushen amfanin gona, bran, yankakken masara da hatsi, sharar abinci.

Tsawon shekara guda, duka biyun sun sami kilogiram 200 akan ciyawa, abinci mai kyau da ciyawa, kuma har yakai 300 idan aka ciyar dasu da abinci.

Amfanin gado

Yawancin fa'idodi sun zama ruwan dare ga Mangalits da alade ke haifar Mangal. Halin halaye, sake duba mai shi ya haifar da hoto mai zuwa game da fa'idodin waɗannan nau'ikan mashahurin:

Wadannan sharuɗan suna zaɓar zaɓin mashahurin fam miliyan 300 don gonar alade ko gonar mai zaman kansa.