Nutria - kawai dangi Nutrievs (Myocastoridae). A waje, wannan sandent yana kama da babban bera: tsawon jikinsa ya kai 60 cm, wutsiya - har zuwa 45 cm, nauyin 5-10. Maganin nutria yana da nauyi, kai yana da girma, yana da ƙananan idanu da kunnuwa, ƙwallon ƙafa suna da ɗan gajeru, guguwar ta lafazi, tare da tsayayyen tsawa mai haske da raɗaɗin lemo mai haske. Nutria yana jagorantar rayuwar rayuwar ruwa mai ruwa-ruwa, sabili da haka yana da halaye da dama na jikin mutum wanda ke da alaƙa da wannan. Misali, buqatar hancinta tana da tsokoki na hana mutum ci gaba kuma suna iya rufewa da ƙarfi. Lipsarshen wannan sandent ɗin ya kasu kashi a gaban kuma ya kulle a bayan incisors, wanda zai ba da damar nutria ta ɓoye tsire-tsire a ƙarƙashin ruwa, yayin da ba ta barin ruwan ya shiga cikin rami na bakin. Tsakanin yatsun kafafu na baya (banda na waje), nutria suna da membranes, kusan sunada gashi kuma an rufe su da fatar fatar, yayin yin iyo, yana hidimar tuƙi. Gurasar dabbobi masu shayarwa da nono (nau'i-nau'i 4-5) suna da girma a bangarorin mata, wanda ke ba da damar toa toan su ciyar yayin da suke cikin ruwa. Jawabin nutria mara ruwa ne, yana kunshe da dogaye, dogo mai kauri da kauri, gumi mai ruwan goro. A cikin ciki da a bangarorin, fur ɗin ya yi kauri fiye da na baya, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen kiyaye zafi a cikin ƙananan jikin.

Ina nutria take rayuwa?

Yankin yanayi na nutria ya iyakance zuwa ƙarshen kudancin Kudancin America daga Bolivia da kudancin Brazil zuwa Tierra del Fuego. Fiye da mazauninsu na wannan dabba sune wuraren ajiyar ruwa tare da raunin gudu ko ruwa mai tsayawa: bankunan rafin kogi, tabkuna masu zurfi da tabarman alder sedge tare da ciyawar ruwa mai ruwa da ciyawar bakin teku. Nutria tana guje wa ci gaba da gandun daji, ba ya haura sama da 1200 m sama da matakin teku zuwa tsaunuka (Andes). A tsibirin Chonos (Chile), wannan ƙungiyar ta rayu a gefen gabar ruwan gishiri da tarkacen ruwa. A cikin yanayi na rayuwa, nutria yana aiki da yawa a cikin dare. Tana ciyarwa a kan ciyayi, ciyawa da ganyen Reed da cattail. Foodarin abinci shine Reed, kirjin ruwa, lilin na ruwa, da pestles. Abincin dabbobi (leeches, mollusks) nutria ba sa cin abinci, tare da rashin kayan lambu. Nutria tana iyo da ruwa daidai, karkashin ruwa zai iya zuwa minti 10. Amma wannan sandar ba ta dace da zama a cikin ɗakunan daskarewa ba, kodayake yana iya jure sanyi na -35 ° C. Gaskiyar ita ce nutria ba ta gina ingantacciyar tsari daga sanyi da magabatan kuma ba ta adana abinci don hunturu, kamar yadda beavers, muskrats da sauransu suke yi. Yankunan Arewa na ruwa mai ruwa-ruwa. A ƙarƙashin kankara, yana jan rashi mara kyau, kuma ya nitse cikin rami, wataƙila ba zai sami hanyar fita ba ya mutu.

Halin rayuwa da halaye na nutria

Nutria tana da haɓakar haɓaka mai kyau - tana da rawar jiki har ma da ƙaramar rustle. Duk da jinkirin da yake nunawa, dabbar tana gudana da sauri, yayin da take tsalle, amma da sauri ta gaji. Ya huta kuma yana hana ina inan rai a buɗe ciyawar da aka shirya a kan kwari da kuma cikin yalwar dunƙule da ƙeƙasasshen ciyawa da ciyawar. Burrows suna birgeting a kan tsauraran matakan nutria - daga tashoshi masu sauƙi zuwa tsarin tafiya mai rikitarwa. Ana iya samun mafakarsu a gefen hanyoyin da dabbar ta bi ta cikin ciyawar da ke kewaye. Nutria suna zaune cikin rukuni na mutane 2-13, sun haɗa da mata manya, zuriyarsu da maza. Matasa maza yawanci suna zaune su kadai. Nutria zai iya yin asali a duk shekara, kuma yana da saukaka sosai. Daga mace daya zaka iya samun magudin ruwa 2-3 a shekara, yawanci a lokacin bazara da bazara. Wannan sandar itace abun kamun kifi da kiwo a cikin gonakin fur da kan filaye, kuma ana cinikin nutria ba kawai na wani launi mai launin ruwan kasa ba, har ma da launuka masu launin - fari, baƙar fata, ruwan hoda, m, gwal, da dai sauransu.

Kiwo Nutria

Abubuwa shida na nutria sanannu ne, ɗayansu, wanda suke rayuwa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, ya kasance cikin ƙasashe da yawa na duniya. An kafa gonakin kiwo na farko na nutria a ƙarshen XIX - farkon karni XX. a Argentina, daga baya aka kawo su Amurka, Turai da Asiya. Nutria ya bayyana a cikin USSR a 1930-1932, kuma daga 1930 zuwa 1963, dabbobi 6,270 aka saki a cikin yankunan kudu na Tarayyar Soviet. Haskakawa ya yi nasara a cikin Caucasus a yankin Lenkoran, a cikin kwarin Kura a Georgia, har ma a Kudancin Tajikistan. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, ana ɗaukar ƙwayar cutar daji kamar kwari irin na dabba da ke lalata ciyayi na ruwa, lalata tsarin ban ruwa, madatsun ruwa da lalata bankuna. A lokaci guda, nutria yana da sauri a tamed kuma za'a iya kiyaye shi azaman mai dabbobi.

Siffofi da mazaunin nutria

Nutria - wannan dabba masu girma dabam masu girma. Sun yi girma shekaru da yawa a cikin ƙasashe kamar Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, da Caucasus.

Wani yanayi na musamman na nutria shine haƙoran lemuranta. Idan ka kwatanta furfinta da furcin zomo ko ma dawakai, to, fur ɗin nutria sun fi kyau.

Da amfani kuma nama nutria. Abincin abinci ne na kayan abinci kuma, ƙari, yana da matukar daɗi. Tabbas, yana da wuya a yi imani idan ka kalli hoton nutria.

Wannan dabba ce mai kama da bera tare da tsawon jikinta na kusan cm 60 da kuma wutsiya mai tsawo, wacce ma'aunin nauyi yake rufe ta. Idan kana son ganin yadda yake nutria, hoto wanda aka gabatar a wannan labarin. Kudancin Amurka shine wurin haifuwar abinci mai gina jiki. A can za a iya samunsu kusan kusa da tafkunan, kazalika da kusa da fadama-kwari.

Da farko, sun fara farautar su a Amurka, daga can kuma suka "koma" zuwa Turai sannan daga baya gare mu. Gaskiya mai ban mamaki: a cikin Afirka wannan dabba ba ta da tushe.

Nutria suna da furfura mai kyau, saboda wacce dabbar ba za ta daskare har da yanayin zafi sosai ba. Amma a waɗancan wuraren duniyar da canjin yanayin yake da sanyi, nutria har yanzu ba ta rayuwa. Kuma yana da sauki a bayyana.

Irin waɗannan dabbobi ba su da ikon ƙirƙirar gidajen kansu kuma suna tara abinci don hunturu. A lokacin sanyi nutria Ba zai sami damar samun abinci a ƙarƙashin kankara ba, saboda kawai ba zai sami damar kewaya cikin irin wannan yanayin ba.

Wannan wani dalili ne wanda ya sa nutria ba zai iya zama a wuraren da yake da sanyi ba. A cikin yanayi mai zafi, nutria tana jin dadi sosai. Idan titin ya wuce digiri Celsius sama da talatin, nutria din ta ɓoye a cikin inuwa ko tona rami wanda suke jiran zafi. Wadannan dabbobin zasu iya tono komai kamar fari. Sau da yawa suna girke girke a cikin girke.

A Turai, ana kiran nutria bera bera. Wannan ya faru ne saboda wurin zama. Mafi sau da yawa, nutria suna rayuwa a cikin jikin ruwa, inda ruwan yake tsaye ko rauni mai gudana. Tabkuna masu laushi su ne ingantaccen wuri na nutria.

Idan kina so saya nutria, sannan zaku iya bincika tallace tallacen siyarwa akan Intanet. Idan kana son kiwo farashin nutria wanda zai iya bambanta, sannan muna ba ku shawara ku karanta wannan labarin. Wadannan nasihohi zasu taimaka muku nasarar samun nasarar kiwo akan wadannan dabbobin.

Kiwo da kuma amfanin nutria

Nutria za a iya bred shekara-shekara ko kuma yi shi lokaci-lokaci. A harka ta farko, dabbobin dole ne su kasance masu dogaro da juna. Don cimma wannan, ya zama tilas a sanya ido a kan halayen mata, kuma da zaran ta fara lokacin farauta, to lallai zai samu lokacin shuka ta a cikin namiji. Game da batun kiwo nutria a ko'ina cikin shekara, sau da yawa yakan koma ga maimaita rashin nutsuwa ta mace.

A sakamakon haka, zuriya na iya ninka ninki biyu. Koyaya, wannan hanyar kiwo yana da nasa abubuwan. Dole ne a kula da Nutria sosai. Tare da hanyar zagayawa ta shekara-shekara na kiwo, duk mata galibi ba sa iya biyan bukatun: wasun su na iya zama masu juna biyu, wasu na da lokacin haihuwar (ciyar da zuriya), yayin da wasu kuma ba su balaga ba gaba daya: asirinsu bai inganta ba.

Wajibi ne a la’akari da cewa cikakkun gashin gashi da manyan fatun na nutria ana iya samun sa ta hanyar yanka kawai a lokacin kaka-hunturu. Nutria gashi A wannan yanayin, zai zama babban inganci.

Daga farkon Oktoba har zuwa ƙarshen Fabrairu - cikakken lokacin yanka. Yana da kyau a lura cewa nutria dole ya isa wani zamani kafin wannan. Ya kamata a kalla watanni 9-10.

Ganin wannan, dole ne a kula da duk wasu yaran da aka haifu a rabi na biyu na shekara har zuwa karshen shekara mai zuwa. Don haka, farashin abinci yana ƙaruwa. Idan kun yi amfani da kwayar cutar nutria a kowane lokaci, to da yawa daga cikin gazawar da aka samu yayin kiwo shekara-shekara ana iya guje musu.

Daidai ne, lokacin da duk puppy zasu bayyana a farkon kwata. Bayan haka ta hanyar hunturu, mutane za su sami lokacin da za su iya cikakku, kuma fur ɗin za ta yi girma. Ganin wannan gaskiyar, yana da matukar muhimmanci cewa nutria whelp a farkon rabin shekara. Don haka, har zuwa Maris, duk samarin zasu sami lokacin su girma kuma su kai shekarun da ake so.

Abincin Nutria

A cikin wuraren zama na yau da kullun, nutria tana ciyar da tsire-tsire waɗanda ke girma a cikin kusancin jikin ruwa, gami da rassa da asalinsu. Lokacin kiyaye nutria a gida, ana ciyar da su da abinci, hatsi, da ganyaye, kabewa da sauran kayayyaki.

Hakanan, nutria suna cin abinci da kyau Urushalima artichoke, karas, fas, da kuma masara fi. Kuna iya ciyar da su da abinci na halitta - reeds, rassa da ƙari. Yana da Dole a yin la'akari da gaskiyar cewa nutria sune rodents, saboda haka suna buƙatar ba da rassan kauri saboda su iya tayar da incisors.

Abinda aka fi so don abincin nutria shine kunnuwa na masara matasa. Zasu iya cin su baki ɗaya. Koyaya, samfurin mafi amfani a gare su shine cikakke masara na cobs, waɗanda hatsi sun riga sun fi wuya.

Wani abincin da aka fi so daga abincin ƙwaya shine hatsi na masara. Ya kamata a lura cewa yawan irin wannan abincin ya kamata ya iyakance ga yara mata, haka kuma matan da aka yi niyya don matan aure masu juna biyu.

Wannan saboda lokacinda kuke cin abinci mai yawa na masara, nutria na iya zama mai kiba kuma a ƙarshe ya haifi 'ya' ya da ya mutu. Kuna iya ciyarwa da hatsi na masara wadancan nutria waɗanda ke zuwa fuskar. Amma ko a nan ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa an ƙona duk hatsi gaba ɗaya har zuwa ciyar ta gaba.

Hakanan yana da amfani sosai don ciyar da nutria tare da beets na sukari. Koyaya, ga matan da ke ciyar da 'ya'yansu, adadin wannan samfurin a cikin abincin dole ne a rage shi da ƙima.

Gaskiyar ita ce cewa sukari yana iya rufe tasirin madara, madara kuma a cikin wadataccen adadin bazai zo ga zuriya ba. Wannan na iya haifar da jinkirin ci gaban saniya, har ma ga mutuwarsu.

A mafi yawancin halayen, ana amfani da abinci mai gina jiki iri iri guda. Kuma idan kun ƙara sababbin abinci a cikin abincinsu, suna iya amsawa. Idan, alal misali, kun ciyar da ƙwayar ƙwayar beetroot na wani lokaci mai tsawo, sannan kwatsam kuma ku canza zuwa kabewa, to da farko dabbar za ta ƙi ci.

Koyaya, bayan wani lokaci bazai ci abinci mafi ƙaranci ba kamar beets. Koyaya, ya kamata koyaushe ba sau da yawa canza tushen amfanin gona zuwa zucchini, pumpkins, da dai sauransu. Irin waɗannan abincin a matsayin kore na dankali da karas, da dankali kansu, suna da lahani har ma da guba ga jikin nutria. Jerin tsire-tsire masu guba shima ya haɗa da celandine, dope, euphorbia da sauransu.

Kada a ciyar da Nutri abinci mara kyau, kamar sauran dabbobi. Kada ku bayar da abinci mai tsami da ciyawa mai daɗi. Ka tuna cewa kifi da nama bai kamata a saka shi cikin abubuwan abinci na nutria ba.

Yaduwa da tsawon rai na nutria

Naman mace ta sami damar haihuwar har sau biyu zuwa uku a shekara. Ga zuriya ɗaya, tana iya kawo daga fromaya 5 zuwa 7. Anyi kamun kaji da haihuwa sosai. Bayan 'yan watanni bayan haihuwa,' yanmata sun fara rayuwa da kansu kuma sun bar mahaifiyarsu.

Tsawon rayuwar nutria, da rayuwa a daji da nutria, wanda yake a yanayi na zahiri, ya banbanta da juna. Don haka, a cikin daji, tsammanin rayuwar nutria ya kai kimanin shekaru hudu zuwa biyar. Gidan Nutria ko nutria a cikin gidan dabbobi tare da kulawa mai kyau na iya rayuwa tsawon rai - shekaru goma sha biyu.

Yaɗa

Yankin yanayi na nutria ya iyakance zuwa ƙarshen kudancin Kudancin America daga Bolivia da kudancin Brazil zuwa Tierra del Fuego. Ta yi fice a kasashe da dama na Turai da Arewacin Amurka; amma ba ta da tushe a Afirka. A cikin USSR, nasarar cinikin narkewar ƙwayar cuta ta ci nasara a Caucasus, Kyrgyzstan da Tajikistan. Range yana faɗaɗawa ko ragewa dangane da yanayin sanyi ko sanyi. A wasu halayen, masu ruwan sanyi da ke haifar da haifar da cikakkiyar ɓataccen tsarin nutria, alal misali, a cikin Scandinavia da jihohin arewacin Amurka a cikin 1980s.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Nutria dabba ce ta dabbobi masu shayarwa; ta kasance ta hanyar tsarin ne kuma tana wakiltar dangin nutria. Ana kiranta da bambanci: otter, coipu, bewam swamp. Ana amfani da duk sunaye iri ɗaya. Kodayake akwai ƙwararrun masana da suke da'awar cewa ba za a iya kiran kwayar cutar nutsewa ba. Suna da'awar cewa waɗannan dabbobin basu da alaƙa da beavers na ainihi, beraye. Suna tunatar da su ne kawai da nisa - ta hanyar halaye iri ɗaya, salon rayuwa. Saboda haka, irin wannan kwatancin ba daidai ba ne.

Bidiyo: Nutria

Koipu babban rodents ne. Tsawon jikinsu na iya kaiwa santimita sittin, kuma nauyi - kilogram goma sha biyu. Abubuwan gina jiki na maza suna da girma sosai koyaushe fiye da mace. A waje, dabbobi suna kama da babban bera. Jikinsu ya rufe da kauri, dogo, dogon gashi.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Duk da lokacin farin ciki, dansandan nutria fur baya fitar da wari mara dadi. Su masu tsabta ne, ba kamar sauran membobin ƙungiyar masu ƙarfi ba.

Kyawawan, lokacin farin ciki na ƙurar nutria ita ce mafi mahimmancin kamun kifi. A saboda wannan dalili, wadannan dabbobin sun fara zama mai karfi a gonakin gidan dabbobi da ke duniya. A yau, akwai nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa goma sha bakwai. Goma sha biyu suna motsa jiki, bakwai suna hade.

Dukkansu sun kasu gida biyu:

Tsarin dabbar da ke da launin ruwan kasa mai launi iri ɗaya ne. Launi mai narkewa ya bayyana sakamakon kiwo. Launin gashin uwansu ya bambanta. Akwai Azerbaijani, farin nutria na Italiya, fararen fata, baƙi. Fur na dabbobi mara amfani sosai a kasuwar yau.

Dabba na dabba ko ƙwari mai narkewa. Bayanin

A waje, nutria suna cikin hanyoyi da yawa masu kama da bera, amma ba su bane. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin dabbobi masu shayarwa ne, waɗanda sune kawai wakilai na jinsunan dangin nutria. Saboda salon rayuwa mai ruwa-da-ruwa, ana kiran su da "bewam beavers", "coipu" ko "otters".

Kamar yadda za'a iya gani a cikin hoto, waɗannan wakilan fauna suna da alaƙa ta jiki, ƙarancin ƙananan ƙafafunsa, dogo mai tsayi da gajeru, da ƙananan kunnuwa. Ga wanda ba a san shi ba, dabbar da ke furzar tana iya kama da bera mai kiba ko beaver mai santsi.

Tsawon jikin wannan tsararren ruwa zai iya kai 60 cm, kuma nauyi - 12 kg. Tabbas, mazan manya suna kama da wadatar abinci. Mata, da bambanci a gare su, suna awo a kan matsakaita game da 8-9 kg tare da tsawon jikin 35-55 cm Duk da shekarun dabbar, tsawon wutsiyarsa kusan ɗaya - 45 cm.

Nutria yana da peculiar:

• babba, dangi da girman jiki, kai da kananan idanu,
• wawa (ba mika) wulakanci ba,
• dogon faifai
• incisors mai haske orange.

Kamar sauran wakilan gandun daji kogin, bishiyoyin kwayoyi suna da abubuwa da yawa game da halittu a cikin jikin mutum.

Misali:

1. A cikin auricles, suna da babban tari mai sanyin iska wanda ke maida hankali ga iska, yana hana ruwa shiga mashin kunne.
2. Yayin da dabba ta yi rayuwa a cikin hancinsa, tsokoki masu kullewa suna aiki, sakamakon abin da ruwa baya shiga cikin huhun.
3. Sakamakon rabuwa na baki, lebe na mai saurin rufewa zai iya rufewa a gaban hakora, wanda zai baka damar yanke abincin tsirrai a wani zurfi ba tare da shan ruwa ba.
4. A kan kafafu na baya na nutria akwai wadataccen septa, yana motsa motsi a cikin tafkin.
5. Ruwan fata mai ruɗami tare da bayyane sashi a kan keɓaɓɓen wutsiya mai santsi yana taimakawa sarrafa jiki lokacin ruwa.
6. Matashi na nutria, saboda babban matsayi na glandar dabbobi masu shayarwa a tarnaƙi na mace, na iya ciyar da ruwa.

Siffofin, mazauni

A cikin daji, nutria suna yaduwa a gefen Kudancin Amurka. Matsakaicin mazauninsu ya samo asali ne daga kan iyakokin Bolivia har ya kai Tierra del Fuego. A tsawon lokaci, manoman da ke shigowa daga Turai sun lura da ingancin ƙwayar nutria kuma sun ba da gudummawa ga bunkasar sa a cikin ƙasashe da yawa a gabar teku. Sakamakon haka, an gabatar da kwayoyin halittar a yankin Eurasian, a cikin Amurka ta Amurka, Afirka.

Saboda tsananin zafi da rashin danshi, yanayin Afirka bai dace da ƙarancin ba. A cikin yankuna da ya samo asali, mazaunin sa sun bambanta, ya danganta da yanayin yanayin lokacin sanyi. Gaskiya ta sauka cikin tarihi lokacin da, a cikin 80s na karni na 20, dabbobi ba za su iya yin hunturu cikin yanayin tsananin tsananin sanyi ba, wanda ya kai ga hallakar jinsin a cikin kasashen Scandinavia da kuma a arewacin arewacin Amurka.

Ana samun yawan namun daji a cikin:

Yana da halayyar cewa a wasu ƙasashe ana ɗaukar ƙwayar cutar ƙwayoyin cuta kamar yadda kwari da matakan da ake ɗauka don hana yaduwar su. A cikin Turai, an samo jinsunan galibi a wuraren kiwo na wucin gadi, amma kwanan nan, masu bincike sun danganta kyawawan fasalin naturalization da shi.

Duk da cewa ƙasar Koipu tana da ɗumi, a yayin aiwatar da renonsu sun saba da yanayin sanyi zuwa-35 ° C kuma sun san + 40 ° C, basu gina matsuguni masu ɗumi ba, za su iya zaɓar yankuna biyu masu tsayi da kuma ɗaukakar rayuwa.

An hango ɓarnatattun mutane masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a cikin Andes a tsaunin 1,190 mita sama da matakin teku. Kyakkyawan wuri don mazauninsu shine jikin ruwa tare da jinkirin gudana, ruwa mai tsayawa (alder bogs, tafkuna, bankunan waɗanda sun cika girma da reeds), har ma da koguna, a kan bankunan su akwai alamun ambaliyar ruwa.

Tsarin rayuwa

Matashi na nutria yana da ji mai kyau, damar iya motsawa don motsawa cikin ruwa da ƙasa. A wasu mata, ana iya kiyasta zuriya ga mutum 20. Duk da murfin Jawo, dabbobin da ke haihuwar za su iya daskarewa a cikin hunturu, tunda iyayensu ba su shirya shinge mai dumi da wuraren ajiya na musamman ba.

Tsarin nutria na jariri yakai kimanin g 250. Suna girma a hankali. Matsakaicin riba na yau da kullun a cikin nauyin live bai wuce 25 g ba, amma ana lura da shi kawai bayan dabbobin sun kai shekaru 14. Bugu da kari, a cikin watanni 5-6 na bewam na beavers, an dakatar da girma.

Sabili da haka, har ma tare da daidaitaccen abincin, yana yiwuwa a yi girma dabba mai girma girma shekaru 2-2.5. A lokaci guda, waɗannan dabbobin sun fara yin jima'i tuni daga watanni uku zuwa bakwai. Bayan shekara uku, aikin haihuwarsu ya lalace.

Coipu molts sau da yawa yayin rayuwarsa. Ko da kuwa irin nau'in, wannan na farko yana faruwa ne kwanaki 50 bayan haihuwa. Lokacin tsinkewa ya kai tsawon watanni 4. Bayan an gama, dabbar an rufe shi da mayafin dusar ƙanƙara mai inganci, wanda ya ƙunshi dogayen riguna masu kauri da kuma zurfin farantin.

Yana da halayyar cewa a cikin ciki yankin pubescence ne Mafi thicker fiye da a kan tarnaƙi da baya. A cikin manya, canjin gashi yana faruwa a hankali, yana buɗewa har tsawon shekara. Kuma tunda wannan tsari ya rage gudu a cikin Yuli - Agusta da Nuwamba - Maris, ana lura da mafi kyawun yanayin Jawo a cikin hunturu.

Ayyukan motsa jiki ya dogara da yanayin zafin jiki. Yanayi don + 15 ... + 20 ° С ana ganin yana da daɗi a gare shi. Ingantaccen motsi baya tasiri akan hanyoyin rayuwa na dabba, wanda aka danganta shi da yawan zuciya a hankali sau 15-20. A cikin lokacin sanyi, nutria tana jagoranci rayuwa mai tsayi.

Ba shi yiwuwa a kirga da matsakaita na mutanen da ke daji, kuma tare da abubuwan da ke cikin wayar su, yanayin rayuwar halittu masu rai yana karewa lokacin da ya kai nauyin yanka.

Shortagearancin ruwa don yin iyo a lokacin bazara yana cutar da yanayin Jawo, amma rashi a cikin hunturu baya shafar dusar.

Nau'in na kowa

A cikin yanayin halitta, nutria na daidaitaccen haske launin ruwan kasa da launin ja mai duhu sun fi yawa. Amma godiya ga kokarin shayarwa a cikin dabbobi, masu dillalai launuka daban-daban sun fara bayyana sosai kuma sau da yawa.

Waɗanda za su yi kiba a gona ko a gida, kwararrun sun shawarce su da su mai da hankali ga shugabanci wanda nau'in halitta nasa yake.

Gaskiyar ita ce kamar yadda waɗannan ƙwayoyin jini suka zama mafi mashahuri, yayin aiwatar da aikin kiwo, an sanya fifiko a kan nama da diyan fur.

Abincin abinci mai gina jiki ana ɗaukar shi samfurin abinci ne kuma yana bambanta shi da babban damuwa. Idan dabbobin daji basu fi kilo 5 ba sai da watanni 9, sa’an nan kuma gwanayen kiwo na nama shine daidai lokacin da suke nauyin 1.5-2 kilogiram.

Don samun fata mai inganci, mai shayarwa na buƙatar yanke shawara akan nau'in nau'in da ake so, saboda sakamakon gwanayen gwaji, masana kimiyya sun sami nasarar haɗa nau'ikan 7 masu haɗaka da na mutun 9.

Dangane da wasu alamu a cikin bayanin, kwararru suna gano rukuni rinjaye (fararen Azerbaijani, baƙar fata da launuka na gwal ana lasafta su) kuma m (abin da ake kira farin fari, albinos, ruwan hoda, bambaro, ƙamshi, beige da nutria mai inganci).

Abubuwan fashewa marasa kyau na daidaitaccen launi ba sa buƙatar kulawa ta musamman da abinci na asali wanda ke goyan bayan launin fur ɗin su.

Abubuwan da aka samar da launuka masu launi iri-iri suna cikin buƙata a kasuwannin zamani kuma sun fi tsada nesa da na yau da kullun.

Daga cikin dabbobi masu launin launuka suna da fifiko:

1. Jawal. Halin da launin toka mai haske ko furcin launin toka mai haske An ba da mai sheki ta lokacin farin ciki, mai laushi, labulen, inuwar wacce akasari ake jefawa cikin shuɗi, launin ruwan kasa, baki da fari. An samo irin wannan ta hanyar tsallake Italiyanci da beige nutria. Alamar ta ita ce launi mai tsabta na azurfa a kan kashin baya da idanun dabbar. Don tabbatar da ingancin konkoma karãtunsa fãtun dabbobi ya kamata a ciyar da su yadda ya kamata.
2. Zinare. Sun bambanta da haske a cikin goge lemo mai kyau a baya da kuma hasken wuta na zinari a kan peritoneum. Chions masu ruwan hoda da m. Idanu masu launin ruwan kasa. Ana nuna nau'in ɗan ƙarancin kayan aiki (mafi yawan offspringa offspringa sun ƙunshi 4 mutane).
3. Baki. Wakilai na wannan nau'in an bambanta su da wani farin farin kaya mai launin suttura a cikin dukkan sassan jikin mutum, kazalika da launin toka mai duhu. An shirya irin wannan a Argentina kuma ya yi kama da na yau da kullun. Hakanan ana nuna shi da ƙananan zuriya (har biyar jarirai).
4. Uwar Pearl. An samo wannan ra'ayi ta hanyar tsallake m da farin dillalai. Yana fasalin wani yanki, launi mai launin shuɗi da ruwan ɗumi mai haske. Yana da halayyar cewa a cikin zuriyar dabbobi na wannan nau'in zuriya masu launin masu launuka masu yawa na iya bayyana (ban da manyan farin da daskararrun masu ɗauke da launin toka ba a cire su).

Rayuwa, halayya

Rashin daidaiton waɗannan dabbobi-kamar dabbobi shine cewa zasu iya jagoranci duka hanyoyin ruwa da rayuwa ta ƙasa. Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna iya rayuwa har zuwa minti 10 a ƙarƙashin ruwa, inda suke ciyar da sanyaya jikinsu a cikin yanayi mai zafi. Idan babu ruwa kusa da kandami a cikin zafi, dabbar za ta zauna cikin inuwa kullun.

Abubuwan bewa na bebaye ba sa yin fasa hannun jari domin hunturu, kamar danginsu. Kuma tun da yake ba su da hankali sosai a cikin tafkunan masu sanyi, yawanci sukan mutu saboda gaskiyar cewa, su nitse cikin rami na kankara, ba za su iya samun mafitar dawowa ba.

Coipu bashi da shinge mai shinge da aka sanya shi tare da ƙasa. A cikin daji, a duk tsawon rayuwar mutum, suna rayuwa ne a cikin wasu manya-manyan kayan tarihi. Yawancin lokaci ma'aunin "iyali nutria" ya ƙunshi mutane 10-15. Lallai yana da mafi girman maza, mata biyu, da kuma zuriyarsu. Da bayyanar sa, dangi yana fadada gidansu da gangan ta hanyar gina sabon gidan wasan cattail ko Reed. Youngan samari suna zaune tare.

Observedarin aikin nutria yana lura da maraice da dare. Tare da wadataccen abinci da wadataccen tsari, wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa ba sa canza wuraren zama. Wani yanayin halayyar koipu shine karuwar rashin kunyar su. Tare da ingantaccen kayan taimakon sauraro, dabbar tana sane da duk wani rudani.

A wata 'yar karamar barazana ga kiwon lafiya da rayuwa, yana guduwa, yana kokarin nutse har zurfin-wuri cikin ruwa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda tsananin gajiya da aka samu lokacin aiwatar da spasmodic. Kuna iya samun gidaje masu ƙarancin ƙarfi a gefen kunkuntar hanyoyin da suke gurɓata, suna neman abinci.

Siffofin abinci a cikin yanayi

Wakilan daji a cikin abincin abincin nutria na musamman akan ciyarwa na tushen ciyayi. Tushen abincinsu yawanci ya ƙunshi rhizomes na bishiyoyi na bakin teku, da kuma biogass na cattail da Reed. Reed matasa mai tushe da kuma ganye, ruwa chestnuts, lilies ruwa, lilhead ganye da kuma wasu algae yarda a matsayin karin abinci.

Idan akwai ƙarancin abinci a cikin yankin da aka zaɓa da rodents, za su iya cin babban leeches, mollusks da ƙananan kifi. Koyaya, hanya ce ta rayuwa ta ɗan lokaci, tun da abincin abincin dabbobi baƙon ƙasashen waje ne ga kowane nau'in abincin nutria. Adadin abincin yau da kullun na abincin manya bai wuce 1 kg ba. A cikin hunturu, dabbobi suna canzawa zuwa ciyawa mai bushe da asalin itacen.

Abokan halitta

Tunda ƙungiyar nutria ba masu farauta bane, galibi suna zama ganima ga wakilan fauna waɗanda suka fi son abincin dabbobi.

A cikin daji, waɗannan dabbobin suna farauta ta:

• Muguwar macizai,
• baƙi
• kyarkeci
• jaguars
• cougars
• tsuntsaye masu cin abincin.

Jin kasalarsa a cikin yanayin waje, mahallan beraron koyaushe sun fi dacewa da zama kusa da jikin ruwa. Idan akwai yiwuwar tserewa ta jirgin kan iyaka, dabbobi masu shayarwa ke ci gaba da kai hari.

A irin waɗannan gwagwarmaya, amintattun makamai sune manyan ka'idodin gaba, haɓaka wanda ba ya tsayawa duk rayuwa. Tare da su, dabbar tana manne da mai laifin, ba tare da la’akari da girmanta da ƙarfin ta ba.

Ana saurin amfani da kwayar cutar cikin gida cikin hanzari ga mutane, ta hanyar fahimtar su a matsayin membobin danginsu, suna da kyakkyawar mu'amala da abokantaka Sabili da haka, wasu manoman Jawo suna kawo waɗannan dabbobin zuwa gonarsu, ba kawai don dalilai na kasuwanci ba, har ma kamar dabbobi.

Don ɗaukar waɗannan ƙwayoyin, dole ne:

1. Kara na musamman ko aviary. Wannan kyawun fili ne mai kyau wanda yadace tare da samun babban tanki na ruwa. Ya kamata ginin ya kasance nesa da tushe na amo, don kar a cutar da ginin a sake. Wadansu masu shayarwa suna sanya akwatunan dabbobin da yawa tare da rayayyun halittu a cikin dakunan, wadanda ke haskakawa ta hanyar artificial. A irin waɗannan yanayi, yana da fa'ida don kiyaye ƙwayar nama don yanka, saboda saboda ƙarancin ruwa don wanka ulu ba shi da ƙima.
2. Kafa ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki. Ya danganta da shekaru da sifofin ilimin dabbobi, dabbobi na iya cin abinci daban-daban a duk tsawon rana. Yana da mahimmanci a gare su don samar da ciyarwa na lokaci biyu, wanda a cikin lokacin bazara ya kamata ya ƙunshi 200-300 g na ciyawar sabo ko hay (alfalfa, Clover), 130 g na hatsin rai ko sha'ir, 10 g na makucha, 5 g abincin kifi da gishiri. A cikin hunturu, ya kamata a wadatar da abincin tare da amfanin gona mai tushe (ba fiye da 200 g na karas da dankali ake bada shawarar a kowace rana). Kuma a cikin bazara, Birch da itacen oak twigs, wani itacen inabi, matasa harbe na masara da ciyawa ba zai zama superfluous a cikin roders feeders.
3. Yanayin shan giya. Don waterfowl yana da matukar muhimmanci a karɓi ɓangaren abin sha mai mahimmanci a cikin yanayi. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar cewa masu shaye-shaye koyaushe suna da tsabta. Haramun ne a takaita wajan “a ruwa” mata masu haihuwa da masu shayarwa, da kuma kananan dabbobi.
4. Zazzabi mai yarda da lokacin sanyi. Abubuwan cikin gida don kwantar da hankalin su suna buƙatar canja wuri daga wuraren kuɗin bazara zuwa ɗakin mai zafi, inda zazzabi iska ya kamata a + 8 ... + 19 ° С.

A gida, nutria kuma ana danganta shi da iyalai, wanda ya ƙunshi mutane 10-15 a cikin sel ɗaya. Koyaya, yana faruwa cewa dabbobin da ke da mummunan hali sun zo wanda ke nuna zalunci ba kawai ga sauran membobin shirya ba, har ma da mutane. Don haka, an ba da shawarar a kiyaye irin waɗannan mutanen dabam kuma ya kamata a magance su da matuƙar taka tsantsan.

Girman nama

Don dandana, abincin da ke da kyau a cikin hanyoyi da yawa yana kama da naman alade, duk da haka, yana gwada dacewa tare da shi ta hanyar "sauƙi" da kaddarorin amfani.

Tare da adadin kuzari na kilocalories 149 ta 100 g na samfurin, darajar abinci mai gina jiki kamar haka:

Ya ƙunshi (a kowace 100 g):

A cikin mutanen da suke cin naman nutria a kai a kai, ana lura da canje-canje masu kyau a cikin jikin mutum.

• Wannan abincin mai sauƙin sikelin wanda aka yarda dashi yana da tasirin kiwon lafiya mai zuwa:
• Qarfafa tsarin na rigakafi (masana masana abinci suka bada shawarar bayan gajiyawar aiki na jiki da cututtuka na dogon lokaci),
• Yana wadatar da jiki, yana samar da ingantattun sunadarai, bitamin da ma'adanai don kiba (yana taimakawa a rasa ƙarin fam),
• yana ƙaruwa da haɓaka (yana taimaka wa jinkirin nutsuwa, rashin bacci),
• yana inganta yanayin gashi, kusoshi da fata,
• stimulates samar da kwayoyin hormones (da shawarar dysfunction thyroid),
• kunna metabolism
• inganta ƙididdigar jini (tare da cutar rashin jini).

Fur darajar

Da yawa sun lalace ta hanyar alatu, masu amfani suna ɗaukar abinci mai narkewa a matsayin wadataccen abu na biyu. Koyaya, a cewar masana, wannan fur ne mai araha wanda ke ba da tabbaci ga masu mallakar kyan tsari da sutura mai kyau.

• Babban halayen fatalwa mai gina jiki za'a iya la'akari da su:
• kauri daga cikin gashin gashi (nutria ulu muhimmanci sama da lambskin a cikin wadannan fannoni),
• kaddarorin kariya masu zafi (ana iya kwatanta su da Tuscany),
• haske, wanda ke ba da fara'a ta musamman ga kayan da aka ƙare (a cikin nutria daidai yake da a cikin raccoon, fox),
• fatalwar fatalwar fata, wadda kwatankwacinsa ta hanyar masana kera su da karakul da beaver,
• yawa da karko daga fata nutria (m zuwa mink da tuscan),
• juriya ga danshi (waɗannan kaddarorin halitta na halitta ne kawai cikin fata na abinci).

A cikin masana'antar kera ta zamani, galibi kan amfani da dusar furotin, wacce ake rikitar da ita tare da mafi tsada, ana yawan lura da su. Tsarin fasaha na sarrafawarsa yana ba da jeri na Jawo da dogo mai tsayi. Jawancin gashi daga irin wannan fatarar fata zai yi kama da zama na shekaru 5.

Warkar da kaddarorin mai

Ana bada shawarar mai mai mai mai kyau azaman mai sauƙin narkewa, mara nauyi mai narkewa wanda baya iya cutar da jikin mutum. An ma ba da shawarar cin abinci ga mutanen da ke fama da hauhawar jini.

• Don dalilai na magani, ana amfani dashi don:
• cututtukan catarrhal (don rabu da mura, ya isa ya sa zafin hanci a cikin kwanaki 2),
• mashako da ciwon huhu (saboda dukiyar inganta hawan jini da kuma bakin ciki, ana bada shawara ga tausa kirji da yanki tsakanin kuliyoyin kafada tare da motsa jiki, sannan kuma kunsa kanka cikin bargo mai dumin hankali),
• ciwon makogwaro (dumama yana da tasiri)
• mai zurfi, da rauni na warkar da raunuka, fashewar kasusuwa (amfani da waje).

Yin rigakafin Cuta

Iyalin nutria suna da ingantaccen tsarin rigakafi da ƙoshin lafiya. A cikin yanayin gona da namun daji, da wuya su yi rashin lafiya. Suna da karancin saukin kamuwa da cututtukan da ke kamuwa da cututtukan fata, suna kwatankwacin dacewa da sauran dabbobi masu furci.

Koyaya, tare da ingantaccen kulawa, da annobar annobar cuta, lambobin kamuwa da cuta tare da cututtuka kamar:

1. Salmonellosis. Hanyoyin causative na kamuwa da cuta sun shiga jikin dabba ta hanyar datti da masu sha. Hakanan, yan dako su beraye, kwari, kwari da mutane. Yara dabbobi musamman masu saurin kamuwa da cutar. Don dakatar da kamuwa da cuta, ya zama dole a kawar da masu cutar (ana kashe su kuma ana ƙone su), don lalata ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da kayan aiki, da kuma amfani da hanyar Levomycetin, Biotin, ko Furazolidone ga sauran dangin. Don dalilai na rigakafin, ana nuna allurar rigakafin shekara-shekara.
2. Manta. Masu gudanar da microflora na pathogenic abinci ne da ruwa, kazalika da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta, tsuntsaye, dabbobi. Cutar tana dauke da cutar mutum, saboda haka yana da muhimmanci a fara jinya a matakan farko. Yawancin lokaci a cikin irin waɗannan halayen, likitan dabbobi suna ba da izinin "Bicillin-3", "Streptomycin", "Penicillin." Don hana cutar, yana da mahimmanci a yi wa dabbobi rigakafin ƙwayar cuta ta musamman a kan kari.
3. Cutar tarin fuka. Yawan cutar yawanci asymptomatic ne. Sanadin ci gabanta na iya zama dangin mara lafiya ko cutar madara saniya. Alamar tashin hankali shine karancin numfashi, tari, rashin tausayi, da rashin rayuwa. Ba shi yiwuwa a ceci ɓangarorin, sakamakon sakamako yakan haifar ne a cikin 'yan watanni bayan kamuwa da cuta. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don samar da abinci mai gina jiki na gida tare da daidaitaccen abinci mai gina jiki da kulawa mai dacewa.

Waɗannan sune cututtukan da suka fi yawa kuma masu haɗari waɗanda ke barazanar lalata mahallan lalata. Take hakkin ka'idodin tsabtace jiki yayin kula dasu na iya haifar da haɓakar helminthiasis, guba abinci, ringworm. Idan kun sami alamun farko, tuntuɓi likitan dabbobi don neman taimako nan da nan.

Sayan Nutria, farashi

Ga masu shayarwa waɗanda za su sayi koipa a karon farko, masana sun ba da shawarar siyan ƙaramin dabbobi tun yana ɗan wata biyu. Mace mai lafiya ta wannan lokacin ya kamata ya ɗauki nauyin kilogram 1.5, da namiji - kilogiram 2.3. An tabbatar da lafiyar mai ƙwarin ƙarfe ta hanyar: sassa mai tsabta hanci, bayyanannun idanu da tarin tarin abubuwa. Yana da mahimmanci a bincika bayanan dabbobi.

Wararrun masu siyarwa sun san cewa don samun manyan mutane bai kamata ku zaɓi fifiko ga manyan dabbobi ba. Don yin wannan, ya isa ya samo biyu daga lafiyayyun ƙwayoyin lafiya kuma a nan gaba samar musu da yanayi mai kyau don haɓaka.

Yana da kyawawa don yin irin waɗannan sayayya a gonakin dabbobi na dabbobi da wuraren kiwon dabbobi. Koyaushe kula da yanayin yanayin dabbobi. Abubuwan da aka zaɓa sune mutane waɗanda abincinsu ya haɗa da abinci na musamman asalin asalinsu, da waɗanda ke da damar ruwa kyauta.

A cikin Rasha, farashin nutria yana farawa a 500 rubles a kowane ɗayan. Don irin wannan adadin zaka iya siyan ƙaramin mace. Manyan da ke da ƙoshin lafiya suna cikin 1,5 dubu rubles.

Mai sake dubawa

Wadannan sune abubuwanda yawancin kwararrun masu shayarwa suka kula dasu.

Dabbobi suna wasa kamar dabbobi suna wasa da ban dariya, da wuya suna nuna ƙiyayya ga mutane.

Mafi yawan lokuta, ana lura da mummunan harin cikin mace yayin balaga.

Kasancewa ga tsarin tsabta da ka'idoji na kulawa, kiwo mahallan mahalli zai zama ba kawai sha'awa ba ce, har ma zai zama babban tushen harkar kuɗi ga dangi.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da rodents

Kallon dabbobi na da ban sha'awa.

Duba da kanka:

1. Dabbobi a hankali kuma musamman hilariously ci porridge tare da fili ciyarwa. Paws karya guda. Chewing su, rufe idanunsu kuma gurnani da nishaɗi.
2. Kowane lokaci, game da sanya ganye na ciyawa a bakinta, sandar zai fara tsoma shi a cikin tafkin, yana yin irin wannan motsi kamar yana wanke shi.
3. Cin abinci, wanda mai shi ya ba shi, abubuwan shakatawa, abinci na gida zai ci gaba da jan ragamar zuwa wurin mutumin, yana neman sabon kashi. Wannan zai ci gaba har sai an bayar da bukatar hakan.

Nutria dabbobi ne masu ban sha'awa. Don dalilai na kasuwanci, ya fi sauƙi a kiyaye su fiye da ƙyallen da beavers. Tashin ruwa na iya ɗaukar abincinsu da kansa, kusan ba sa fitar da ƙanshi mara dadi kuma yana buƙatar kulawa da ƙarancin kulawa, kamar kowane dabbobin gida.

Bayanin kwatancen nutria

Coipu suna kama da babban bera. Tsawon jikin dabba a wasu lokuta ya wuce 60 cm, ban da wutsiya. Matsakaicin nauyin rodent shine 5-7 kg, kodayake, ana samun daidaikun mutane fiye da nauyi.

Dabbar tana da lafiyayyen jiki, kwarangwal mai nauyi. Shugaban nutria yana da girma, kuma kunnuwan sa da idanun su kadan. Murfin dabbar yana da kiba, a gabanta akwai doguwar rawar gani. Abubuwan da ke haɗaka cikin nutria suna da launi mai launi orange. An ɗaukar akwati mai yawa daga gaɓoɓin ɗan gajeren wando.

Tunda dabbar tana jagorantar rayuwar rayuwa mai ruwa-ruwa, tsarin jikinta yana da wasu fasali:

1. Hanci. Bangon hanci na dabba an sanye shi da tsokoki na musamman waɗanda ke rufe lokacin da dabba ke ƙarƙashin ruwa.
2. Lebe. Rodents sun sami damar cin abinci daidai a cikin ruwa, godiya ga tsari na musamman na lebe. Sukan yi kokarin rufewa a bayan abubuwan dake faruwa, wanda ke hana ruwa shiga cikin rami na baka.
3. Tail. Wannan sashin jiki na nutria yana aiki a matsayin kwari a karkashin ruwa. Wutsiya tana da tsayi - 45 cm, babu ulu a kanta, amma akwai sikeli, wanda ke tabbatar da tsabtatawa mai kyau.
4. Hind kafafu. An sanye su da membranes, godiya ga wanda nutria tayi iyo da sauri.
5. Jawo danshin ba ya jika a cikin ruwa. Ya ƙunshi gashin gashi mai ƙarfi, wanda a ciki akwai farin ciki mai laushi. A cikin ciki da tarnaƙi, sutura tana da haske da kauri, wacce za ta ba ka damar riƙe zafi a wannan sashin jiki.
6. A cikin nutria na mace, nono yana da girma da kuma kashe zuwa ga bangarorin dangane da tsakiyar kirji. Wannan tsarin glandan dabbobi masu shayarwa yana ciyar da shayar da kai tsaye cikin ruwa.

Tunani. Bugun bugun ba ya da lokacin motsin da aka furta. Mayafin sa ya canza a hankali duk shekara. Rashin gashi kusan tsayawa gaba daya kawai a cikin hunturu. A wannan lokacin ne dabbobi suke da kauri mafi kyau da kuma kyawu.

Inda nutria ke zaune: salon rayuwa da abinci mai gina jiki

Nutria ke jagorantar rayuwar rayuwar nomadic semi-naquatic. Suna motsawa cikin ƙaramin rukuni na dabbobi 10-13, suna mamayar tuddai da koguna. Kowane rukuni yawanci yana ƙunshe da mata tare da zuriya da kuma mai samar da namiji ɗaya. Youngan samari basa cikin rukuni, amma suna rayuwa dabam.

Nutria ke jagorantar rayuwar rayuwar nomadic semi-naquatic

Nutria na zaune kusa da wuraren ajiyar ɗabi'a inda babu wani ƙaƙƙarfan halin yanzu. Wani muhimmin yanayi shine yawan abinci. Dabba yana ciyarwa akan mai tushe da ganyayyaki. Cane da cattail sun mamaye abinci. Hakanan, nutria tana son girbi a:

Dabbobin bewa na abincin dabbobi na iya cin abinci a lokutan da ba a saba gani ba. Idan akwai karancin abincin shuka a yankin da nutria ta zauna, sai suyi kiwo ko lemo.

Ganyayyaki na kiwo a kowane lokaci na shekara. Wani muhimmin yanayin don zaɓar wuraren zama ba wai kawai yalwar ciyayi ne wanda ke zama abinci ba, har ma da yiwuwar shirya mafaka da wuraren zama. Nutria na iya tono burrows da hadaddun hanyoyin ruwa a kan tsaffin sassan jikin ruwa. Idan babu, to, dabbobi gida dama a kan kumburi, gina mafaka daga Reed stalks.

Dabbobin da ke zaune a yankunan tsaunuka da wuya saurin su ya wuce 1200 zuwa sama da matakin teku, tunda tsirrai a irin waɗannan wurare sun fi gaban. Tashin hankali na iya jure tsananin sanyi, sakamakon jajircewarsu, amma ba za su iya rayuwa koyaushe cikin matsanancin yanayin iska saboda dalilai da yawa:

Nutria yi iyo

• dabbobi ba su da abinci don hunturu,
• ba su san yadda za a gina shingaye masu aminci waɗanda ke kare su daga harin dabbobi masu kiwo ba,
• rodents suna mutuwa ƙarƙashin kazamin kankara idan sun nutse cikin ramin kankara, tunda ba su da kyau a cikin irin waɗannan yanayin.

Nutria tayi iyo sosai, a karkashin ruwa zasu iya tsawan minti 10. Gabobin ji na bugun bugu suna da kyau sosai, amma sun kasa hangen nesa da wari. Idan kuma akwai hatsari, dabbobin za su iya samun saurin gudu, suna tafiya a kan kasa cikin yanayi na yau da kullun, amma ba su da tururi. Dabba ta kasa gudu tsawon lokaci, idan ta gaji, sai ta zama azababben dabbar daji.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da sandent

An fara narkar da sinadarin nutria ne don dalilai na kasuwanci a Argentina, a cikin karni na 20 na karni na 20. Tun daga wannan lokacin, wadannan dabbobin sun sami babban shahara, kuma duk godiya ga furcinsu mai mahimmanci, wanda ke da kyan gani na ruwa. Yi la'akari da wasu hujjoji masu ban sha'awa game da ƙwayoyin tsoka:

• mafi kyawun samfurin Jawo an samo shi daga dabbobi da aka yanka a cikin hunturu,
• Naman dabba yana da kyau don lafiya - ana bada shawara a haɗa shi cikin abincin yara, tsofaffi da waɗanda ke fama da cututtuka na tsarin narkewa,
• A wasu kasashe, ana daukar kwayar cutar narkewa a matsayin kwaro saboda yana haifar da babbar illa ga tsarin ban ruwa, yana lalata kogunan koguna, kuma yana lalata ciyayi.

Amincewa da nutria yana da amfani ga waɗanda suke shirin shiga cikin kiwon dabbobi na kasuwanci. Sanin halayensu da samun tunanin hanyar rayuwa, manomi zai iya samar musu da yanayin rayuwa da suka dace. Lafiya da fearfin dabbobi, sabili da haka ribar abincin dabbobi, ya dogara da wannan.

Rayuwa & Abinci

Nutria yana jagorantar rayuwar rayuwa mai ruwa-ruwa. Abubuwan da aka fi so sune gwanayen ruwa tare da raunin gudu ko ruwa mai tsayawa: bankunan rafin kogi, tabkuna na reed-cattail da kwari na alder-sedge tare da ciyawar ruwa mai ruwa da tsiri. Yana guje wa ci gaba da gandun daji, baya tashi sama da 1200 m sama da matakin teku a cikin tsaunuka (Andes). A tsibirin Chonos (Chile) yana zaune a bakin gishirin gishiri da jikunan ruwa. Nutria na iya jure hunturu zuwa − 35 ° C, amma ba a saba da rayuwa ba a cikin yanayin sanyi.

A yanayi, yana aiki da daddare. Nutria yana cin abinci a cikin rhizomes, mai tushe da ganyayyaki na Reed da cattail. Foodarin abinci shine Reed, kirjin ruwa, lilin na ruwa, da pestles. Yawancin abincin dabbobi (leeches, mollusks) da wuya a ci abinci, tare da rashin kayan lambu.

Nutria na jagorantar rayuwar rayuwar nomadic, wacce ta rage a wurin tare da abinci da kuma mafaka. Ka huta kuma zuriyar zuriya a cikin buɗaɗɗun furanni da aka shirya akan kwari da kuma cikin yalwar dunƙulewar da aka tanƙwara mai tushe na itace da cattail. Burrows burrowing a kan m bankuna - daga sauki rafuka zuwa m tafiyar matakai. Hakanan ana iya samun mafaka ta Nutria a kan hanyoyin da dabba ta bi ta cikin ciyawar da ke kewaye. Nutria suna zaune cikin rukuni na mutane 2-13, sun haɗa da mata manya, zuriyarsu da maza. Matasa maza yawanci suna zaune su kadai.

Nutria na iyo da kyau sosai. Zai iya zama ƙarƙashin ruwa har zuwa minti 10. A cikin kwanakin zafi, ba shi da hannu kuma yawanci yakan ɓoye cikin inuwa. Ba a daidaita shi da zama cikin rayayyun jikin ruwa - ba ya gina ingantaccen tsari daga sanyi da magabatan, ba ya adana abinci don lokacin hunturu, kamar yadda beavers, muskrats da sauran nau'ikan ƙwayoyin ruwa na ruwa a arewacin ke yi. Nutria ba ta da kyau a ƙarƙashin kankara, ta nutse cikin rami mai kankara, yawanci ba ta samun mafitar dawowa kuma ta mutu.

Nutria tana da haɓakar haɓaka mai kyau - tana da rawar jiki har ma da ƙaramar rustle. Duk da jinkirin da take nunawa, tana gudu da sauri, yayin da take tsalle-tsalle, amma da sauri ta gaji. Tunani da wari ba su da ci gaba.

Entirƙirai mai kyau

A cikin halayensa na waje, nutria yana kama da babban bera. Tsawon tsayin jiki ya kai 60 cm, wutsiya tana kusan tsawon cm 45, nauyin nutria ya kai kilo 5 zuwa 12. Maza yawanci sun fi girma fiye da mace.

Jiki yana da nauyi tare da babban kai, ƙananan idanu da kunnuwa. Alƙawura sun fi gajeru. Fuskarta ta zama mara nauyi, tare da doguwar rawar jiki a kanta. A incisors ne mai haske orange.

Siffar rayuwar ruwa mai ruwa-ruwa ta tantance wasu sifofi irin na wannan jinsin. Don haka, buɗe hanci ta hanci na da tsokoki na kulle na musamman kuma ana rufe su sosai idan ya cancanta. Lebe a gaban da aka rarrabu, m rufe a baya a cikin incisors, wannan damar dabba dabba gnaw shuke-shuke a karkashin ruwa kuma a lokacin wannan ba bari ruwa a bakinsa. A cikin membranes suna tsakanin yatsun kafafun hagu. Wutsiya zagaye take da tsari, ba tare da gashi ba, an rufe farfajiyar fata yayin da ake iyo wutsiyar nutria a matsayin matattarar tuƙi. Nau'i-nau'i 4-5 na gishiyoyin dabbobi masu shayarwa da nono suna da girma a bangarorin mata masu narkewar jiki, saboda jarirai su iya samun abinci har ma a ruwa.

Bugu da kari, nutria tana da Jawo mai hana ruwa, wanda ya kunshi dogayen layuka masu kauri da kauri mai kauri. A tarnaƙi, mayafin yana da wuta, yana da launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi. A kan tummy da tarnaƙi, ya yi kauri fiye da na baya, tare da burin inganta ingantaccen zafi akan ƙananan jikin. Zina a cikin manya na faruwa a hankali shekara-shekara. Yana rage gudu da ɗan kawai a tsakiyar bazara (daga Yuli zuwa Agusta) kuma a cikin hunturu (daga Nuwamba zuwa Maris). Nutria tana da mafi kyawun fur daga Nuwamba zuwa Maris.

Nutria abinci mai fasali

Nutria dabba ce mai yawan kiba. Tana ciyar da ganyayyaki, ƙwaya, ciyawa da ganyayyaki. Hakanan a cikin abincin rodent shine reeds, chestnuts water, a lily water, and red water. Wani lokaci, nutria kuma tana cin abincin dabbobi (leeches, mollusks), amma a lokuta inda babu wadataccen kayan lambu.

Ina nutria take rayuwa?

Hoto: Live Nutria

Da farko, wannan sandent yana zaune ne kawai a Kudancin Amurka. Wannan shi ne mahaifarsa. An samo shi a cikin yankin daga Brazil zuwa Yankin Magellan. A yau, ana rarraba wannan dabba akan wasu nahiyoyi da yawa. Ya kware a Turai, Arewacin Amurka, Caucasus, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan. Nutria ta bayyana a cikin wadannan yankuna sakamakon shirin sake ginawa.

An aiwatar da shirye-shirye don sake saita nutria a farkon karni na ashirin. A mafi yawancin halayen, nutria ya sami karbuwa sosai, ya fara zurfafa yaduwa da tsayawa kan sabbin filaye. Koyaya, akwai koma-baya a cikin tsarin maimaitawa. Entungiyar ba ta da tushe a cikin Afirka, a wani yanki na ƙasar tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet. A wasu yankuna, nutria ta fara tushe, amma ta mutu da farkon hunturu.

Misali yawan sanyi ya lalata garin Scandinavia, a wasu jihohin arewacin Amurka.

Don rayuwar nutria, suna zaɓar wurare kusa da jikin ruwa, tafkuna, fadama. Ruwa a cikin kandami ya kasance m, ko dan kadan gudãna, a bakin tabkuna da kuma swamps - overgrown. A cikin gandun daji mai yawa, tsaunika, dabba ba ta zaunar. Ba ya faruwa sama da mita dubu sama da matakin teku. Hakanan, ana iya hana wuraren da ke da sanyi lokacin sanyi da kuma yanayin zafi ƙasa.

Menene nutria ke ci?

Hoto: Nutria na Maza

Don rayuwa, Koipu ya fi son zaɓar bankunan kogin rafuffuka, lakesu mara zurfi, jikin ruwa tare da ruwa mai tsafta. Sukan yi ƙyamare a bakin gaci, inda ciyayi ke da yawa. A wurin da suke zama ba shi da wahala a iya hango abin da nutria ke ci. Yawancin abincin da yake ci shine abincin shuka. Wadannan dabbobin ba su da ma'anar abinci.

Suna son su ci:

• Bar, ganyaye na cattail,
• Matasa harbe na kara
• Tushen tsire-tsire masu ruwa da ƙasa,
• Lauren ruwa da reeds
• Ruwan kirji.

Idan a wurin zama da rodent fara fuskantar yunwa, zai iya ci da dama clams, leeches ko larvae kwari. Koyaya, wannan yakan faru lokaci-lokaci. Tare da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, nutria ta fi son kawai samun sabon wuri don rayuwa.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Duk tsarin tsarin nutria, kayan aikin jikinsa suna dacewa daidai ga rayuwa cikin ruwa. Tsarin musamman na gabobin suna ba dabba damar cin abinci koda a ƙasan tafkuna ba tare da numfashi ba.

Abincin abinci don abubuwan gina jiki a gida ya ɗan bambanta.Don ingantacciyar girma, kyawawan Jawo, masu shayarwa suna ciyar da dabbobi tare da ciyarwa na musamman tare da ƙari na hatsi, ciyawa, kayan lambu. Wani lokacin masu gonar suna ƙara abincin da ya ragu daga teburinsu ga abincin yau da kullun.

Feed gauraye, steamed. Ana ɗaukar irin wannan abincin mafi inganci. Lokacin amfani da adadi mai yawa na dabbobi za'a iya amfani dashi. Amma a lokaci guda, dole ne a lura da ƙa'idar mulki ɗaya - ruwa mai tsabta koyaushe ya kasance don wadatar jiki. Wannan yana da mahimmanci.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Nutria mace

Duk rayuwar rayuwar nutria ta wuce kusa da tafkuna, koguna, fadama. Dabba tana guje wa tsaunika, canjin yanayin sanyi. Don gina ramukarta, tana zaɓar wurare tare da matsakaicin ciyayi, saboda abincin da aka shuka ya kai kashi casa'in cikin ɗari na abincin yau da kullun. Ana iya kiran salon rayuwa na nutria Semi-aquatic. Dabbobin suna yin dogon lokaci a cikin ruwa. Zai iya ci can, yin iyo.

Coipu ya fi aiki a cikin ɗabi'ar halitta da dare. A dare, suna saurin cin abinci. Suna cin ciyawa, rhizomes, ganye, reeds. Idan babu ɗan ciyayi, zasu iya kamawa su ci mayu, mollusk. Rayuwar waɗannan dabbobin ta zama mara ƙima. Nutria yana da wuya idan suna zaune wuri guda. Suna motsawa koyaushe tare da rashin abinci na shuka.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Koipu babban masani ne. Ba tare da iska ba, wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna iya yin tafiyar mil kadan a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Suna riƙe numfashin su na mintuna bakwai zuwa goma ba tare da cutar da jikinsu ba.

Nutria na gina ramuka a kan maɓuɓɓuka masu faɗi, gangara. Garkunan kwana yawanci suna kunshe da tsarin tafiyar balaguro masu yawa. Dabbobi da yawa suna rayuwa cikin ɓoye lokaci guda - daga biyu zuwa goma. Irin waɗannan rukunoni sun ƙunshi mata da yawa, namiji da zuriyarsu. Youngan samari sun gwammace su zauna daban, kaɗai.

Kamar kowane dabba tare da Jawo, nutria yana da molt. Koyaya, a cikin coipu ba'a iyakance shi cikin lokaci. Shedding zuwa digiri ɗaya ko wani yana faruwa duk shekara. Mafi karancin gashi ya fadi a lokacin bazara da lokacin kaka na shekara. Sai kawai a cikin hunturu ne asarar gaba daya ta daina. A cikin hunturu, waɗannan dabbobi suna da mafi kyawun Jawo.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Jaririn Nutria

Koipu ya girma sosai a cikin vivo kuma a cikin bauta. Haɗar haihuwa ce wacce ke ba da damar kula da yawan dabbobin a cikin wadataccen matakin. A cikin shekara guda, mace mai girma na iya haifuwa sau da yawa. A cikin ɗayan ciki, macen tana ɗaukar kimanin yara bakwai.

Maza na wannan iyali suna shirye don tsarin kiwo duk shekara. A koyaushe suna aiki, sabanin matan su. A cikin mace, aiki yana faruwa ne lokaci-lokaci - kowane ashirin da biyar zuwa kwana talatin. Mafi sau da yawa, nutria yana kawo zuriya a cikin lokacin dumi - a cikin bazara, bazara. Haihuwar dabba ba ta dadewa - kimanin kwana dari da talatin. Yawan mace-mace yana raguwa da shekaru uku.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: cuban Coipu suna da matakan rayuwa. Riaarancin nutria sun sami damar daidaita yanayin kusan lokaci-lokaci zuwa yanayin duniyar da ke kewaye da su. Dabbobin suna riƙe da halaye na iyayensu a zahiri 'yan kwanaki bayan haihuwa. Har ila yau, sun fara iyo, gwada wasu abincin shuka.

Yara Coipu suna girma sosai cikin sauri. Matsakaicin girma yana faruwa ne a farkon watanni shida na rayuwa. A wannan lokacin, sun bar gidan dangi, sun fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta. A cikin yanayin halitta, wannan dabba tana rayuwa kusan shekara biyar.

Halayyar Nutria

Nutria tana da yanayin rayuwa mai ruwa-ruwa. Dabba na zaune a wuraren ajiya tare da rauni ko ruwa mai tsayawa, tare da rafin kogin rami, a tafkunan reed-cattail da alder-sedge, inda ciyawar kogin rairayin bakin teku da suke ciyar da su. Nutria san yadda ake iyo da ruwa sosai. Suna zama a cikin ruwa har zuwa minti 10. Daga zafin da suke ɓoye a cikin inuwa.

Ya nisanci sinadarin ci gaba na gandun daji; a tsaunuka ba ya faruwa sama da 1200 m sama da matakin teku. Nutria kullum tana jure sanyi har ƙasa zuwa-35 ° C, amma gaba ɗaya bai dace da rayuwa a cikin canjin yanayin sanyi ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa dabbar ba ta gina matsugunai masu aminci daga sanyi da magabatansu ba, domin hunturu ba ta wadatar da abinci, sabanin beaver ko muskrat. Bugu da kari, nutria ba ta da kyau a karkashin kankara; idan ta nutse cikin rami kankara, ba ta iya samun hanyar fita sai ta mutu.

A cikin yanayin yanayi, nutria yana aiki da dare.

Nutria sune ƙananan ƙwayoyin nomadic; lokacin da abinci ya yalwatacce kuma akwai wuraren mafaka, basa motsawa sosai. Ana fitar da zuriyarsu kuma suna hutawa a cikin buɗaɗɗun furanni, waɗanda aka gina akan gwanaye da kuma a cikin farin itace da cattail, daga mai tushe. Tare da m bankuna na nutria, minks tsagewa, duka biyu m tashoshi da hadaddun tsarin motsi. Zaka iya same su a kan hanyoyin da dabbobin suka bi ta hanyar ciyawar. Nutria yawanci suna zaune cikin rukuni na mutane 2-13, waɗanda suka haɗa da mata manya, zuriya da maza. Samari maza suna rayuwa ɗaya a lokaci guda.

Coypu yana da haɓaka mai ji sosai, dabba da sauri tayi tsalle tsalle. Tunani da kamshi basa ci gaba sosai.

Yaduwa da Nutria

Nutria na iya zama a cikin shekara kuma dabbobi ne masu yawa. Ana maimaita lokutan mafi girman ayyukan jima'i a cikin maza kowane kwana 25-30. Matar yawanci tana ba da litattafai biyu na 2-3 a kowace shekara har zuwa ƙanana 10 a kowace, a cikin bazara da bazara. Cutar ciki na faruwa ne daga ranakun 127 zuwa 132. Haɓaka cikin haɓaka na ƙwayar matasa ya ci gaba har zuwa watanni 5-6. A cikin shekaru 3-4, yawan abinci na nutria ya ragu

Matsakaicin rayuwar rayuwa na nutria shine shekaru 6-8.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Nutria ta dade da zama muhimmiyar batun kamun kifi. Jawo gashinsa yana da babban aiki, kuma naman yana da kyakkyawan dandano. Zuwa yau, ana cin naman wannan dabbar da cikakken cin abinci ne. A wannan batun, yawancin nutria ya mutu a hannun masu ba da agaji. Wannan zai haifar da ɓacewar wakilan wannan iyali, amma cikin ɗan lokaci kaɗan sai suka fara kirkirar kwayar cutar narkewa a cikin gonakin dabbobi da rarraba shi ga wasu ƙasashe.

Cutar ta farauta ta sami raguwa sosai tun lokacin da aka fara samun filayen kiwo, inda aka keɓo da kwayar cutar nutria domin kamun kifi. Koyaya, farauta don waɗannan dabbobin suna cikin buƙata har zuwa yau. Wani ɓangare na dabbobi sun gudu daga gonakin zoo cikin daji, wani adadi ne manoma suka sake shi sabili da hauhawar buƙatar fur. Duk wannan ya yuwu a hanzarta dawo da yawan wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa.

Hakanan, shirye-shiryen sake tsugunar da su sun tsira da nutria daga lalata. Koipu ya daidaita da sauri zuwa sababbin yankuna. Babu shakka, takin gargajiya na taimaka musu su kiyaye yawan jama'a. Wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna shayarwa sau da yawa, da sauri. Cubansu a sauƙaƙe yana dacewa da kusan kowane yanayi. Banda kawai manyan frosts. Duk waɗannan abubuwan suna haifar da damar tabbatar da daidaitaccen ƙyayyar ƙwayar nama a duk mazauninsu. A yanzu, adadin wadannan dabbobin ba ya haifar da damuwa a tsakanin masana kimiyya.

Nutria - Mai ban sha'awa, mai saurin ƙarfe. Wannan dabba tana da ikon haifar 'ya' ya sau da yawa a shekara. Tana cin abincin shuka, iyo da kuma isasshen abinci daidai. Koipu ma maƙasudi ne na kamun kifi. Dabbobin suna da kauri, ɗumi mai ɗumi, mai lafiya da kuma abincin abinci. Saboda wadannan dalilai, ana saurin su a gonakin gidan dabbobi kusan a duk duniya.