Idan ya zo ga Afirka, abu na farko da zai zo ga tunanin mu shine dabbobin daji. Nahiyar Afirka mazauni ne ga yawancin namun daji kuma tana da fa'ida iri-iri fiye da kowace nahiya ta duniyar mu, godiya ga shimfidar wurare da ke da yanayin yanayi daban-daban, kama daga yanki mai zurfi zuwa na wurare masu zafi. Akwai yankuna da yawa a cikin Afirka, kama daga bakin ruwan damina zuwa filayen savannah har zuwa hamadar sahara, wacce ke ba mazauni ga yawancin dabbobin daji iri daban-daban. Nahiyar Afirka, wacce ake ɗaukarta a matsayin wurin da aka haife rayuwar ɗan Adam, mazaunin dabbobi ne masu ban mamaki a cikin duniya, da waɗanda ke cikin haɗari.
Nahiyar Afirka tana da fifikon maida hankali kan wuraren shakatawa na kasa. A Afirka akwai yawancin su fiye da kowane wuri na duniya. Ya zuwa shekarar 2014, akwai wuraren shakatawa na kasar guda 335 a nan, wadanda a ciki suke da nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa sama da 1,100, nau'in kwari iri iri, tsuntsaye 2,600 da kuma nau'ikan kifaye 3,000. Bugu da kari, Afirka na da daruruwan wuraren ajiyar kayan farauta, reshen daji, ajiyar ruwan teku, ajiyar kasa da wuraren shakatawa na dabi'a.
Gasar National Serengeti
Hijira ta Zebra a cikin Serengeti National Park.
Gidajan gandun daji na Serengeti a Tanzania yana daya daga cikin mafi tsufa kuma sanannen shaharar namun daji a Afirka. Wurin shakatawa ya shahara ne saboda ƙaura na shekara miliyoyin wildebeest tare da ɗaruruwan dubban gazles da zebras, masu biye da su, wanda shine ɗayan abubuwan kallo na duniya masu ban sha'awa. Babban ƙaura, wanda yake tafiyar balaguro na kilomita dubu ɗaya a shekara, yana faruwa a cikin yanki na keɓantaccen yanki, a cikin sararin samaniya mai ƙyalli na kyawawan wurare na ciyayi mai cike da duwatsun dutse tare da kogunan ruwa da gandun daji. Har ila yau, filin shakatawa yana da wasu kyawawan halaye masu ban sha'awa da banbanci na manyan masu farauta da wadanda abin ya shafa a duniya.
Gadar ta Serengeti tana wani yanki mai nisan murabba'in kilomita 12,950 kuma ana daukarta a matsayin daya daga cikin kananan illolin yanayin dan adam a duniya.
Masai Mara Reserve ta Kasa
Gidauniyar Masan Mara ta Gida ta daji tana cikin gundumar Narok, Kenya kuma ita ce ta arewa a fadada Serengeti National Park. An sanya masa suna ne bayan mutanen Masai da ke zaune a wannan yankin. Wurin ajiyar an san shi ne na musamman ga zakuna, damisa da kuma cheetahs, da kuma ƙaura shekara-shekara na zebras, raƙuman Thomson da wildebeests zuwa da kuma daga Serengeti Park, wanda ke faruwa a kowace shekara daga Yuli zuwa Oktoba, kuma an san shi da Babban Hijira.
Gangamin Masai Mara Gida na Kare Namun daji yayi kadan, duk da haka, mazauni ne don cike gandun daji mai ban mamaki. Gidan shakatawa gida ne na kusan nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa 95, dabbobi masu rarrafe da dabbobi masu rarrafe da kuma nau'ikan tsuntsaye sama da 400. Ana iya samun wakilan manyan Biyar (buffalo, giwaye, damisa, zaki da raguna) a ko'ina cikin wurin shakatawa, haka kuma damisa, alatu, dawakai, raƙumi, amai, wildebeests, fadama, dabo, warthogs, zebras, hips da gwanaye a cikin Kogin Mara ( Kogin Mara).
Hoton sararin sama na garken wildebeest wanda ya biyo bayan wasu dabbobin da aka kashe a Masai Mara.
Bwindi Garkuwan National Park
Filin Gida na Bwindi yana cikin kudu maso yammacin Uganda a gabashin Afirka. Filin ya hada da fadin murabba'in kilomita 331 na gandun daji, kuma kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, za a iya isa da kafa. Filin shakatawa yana kan gabashin gabashin rafin na Albertine Rift, kuma yana da kyawawan halayen yanayi, mai yiwuwa tare da adadin nau'in bishiyun don girmansa a duk Gabashin Afirka. Anan kuma zaka iya ganin fauna iri daban-daban, gami da dumbin dunƙulen marmari da kuma ɗayan ƙasashe masu arziki a Afirka. Gandun daji na Bwindi wanda ba zai iya tsayawa ba yana gida kusan rabin yawan gorilla na duniya, wanda, abin takaici, 340 ne kawai suka rage.
Mountain gorilla a cikin Bwindi gandun daji ba zai iya yiwuwa ba.
Gasar Amboseli
Gidajen Amboseli National Park shine ɗayan shahararrun wuraren shakatawa a Kenya. Tana cikin kudancin ƙasar a kan iyaka da Tanzaniya, kuma tana ba da ɗayan kyawawan halaye masu ban sha'awa na Dutsen Kilimanjaro (Kilimanjaro) tare da tsayinta na mita 5985, yana saman saman filayen. Gasar National Park na Amboseli tana jan hankalin baƙi musamman saboda yawan garken giwayen, amma filin shakatawa kuma mazaunine da yawa kamar su zaki, cheetah da damisa.
Wata giwa ta tsallaka hanyar datti a cikin Gidajen Amboseli. A bango shi ne Dutsen Kilimanjaro.
Filin Kruger na Kasa
Gidajan Kruger na daya daga cikin manyan wuraren ajiyar farauta a Afirka kuma daya daga cikin manyan filayen shakatawa na duniya, wanda ke da fadin murabba'in kilomita 19,485. Hakanan shine farkon shakatawa na farko a Afirka ta Kudu da aka buɗe a 1926, kodayake jihar tana kiyaye yankin ta daga 1898. Yankin Kruger na Kasa yana gida ga yawancin nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa fiye da duk wata hanyar farauta ta Afirka, gami da wakilan "Manyan Babbar" - zaki, damisa, giwaye, gandun daji, da buffalos.
Filin Wasan Chobe na Kasa
Kogin Chobe yana cikin arewa maso yammacin Botswana, yana kusa da kan iyaka da Zambia, Zimbabwe da Namibia kuma ya shahara saboda yawan giwayenta mai ban sha'awa. An kiyasta cewa akwai giwaye kusan 50,000, watakila mafi girman giwaye a cikin Afirka kuma wani ɓangare na mafi yawan rayuwar giwaye. Mafi kyawun lokacin da za a ziyarci Chobe shi ne lokacin bushewar daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba, lokacin da filayen ke bushewa kuma dabbobi suna taruwa kusa da bankunan kogin, yana sa su sauƙaƙa lura.
Tashin giwa a cikin yankin Serondela, a bakin bankin Kogin Chobe, a cikin Dankin National Chobe.
Filin shakatawa na Etosha
Unguwar Etosha tana cikin arewa maso yammacin Namibia. Tana da fadin murabba'in murabba'in kilomita 22,270 kuma sunanta daga babban gwal mai launin fari, gishirin gishiri na Etosha, wanda ya mamaye kusan kwata na filin shakatawa na Nationalshasha. Gidan shakatawa gida ne ga ɗaruruwan nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye, da dabbobi masu rarrafe, gami da wasu nau'ikan da ba sa haɗari da dabbobi masu haɗari kamar baƙin ƙarfe.
Yankin gishiri na Etosha yana da yanki mai nisan kilomita 4800 kuma an kafa shi shekaru 16,000 da suka gabata.
Reserve ta Kalahari ta Tsakiya
Tsibirin farauta na Kalahari ta Tsakiya, wanda ke a jejin Kalahari a Botswana, ya mamaye yanki mai nisan kilomita 52,800, wanda yakai girman jihar Massachusetts, wanda ya mai da shi yanki mafi girma na biyu mafi girma a duniya. Wannan halin da ake farauta yana sanannu ne da filayen bude kofuna, plateaus na gishiri da gadaje na tsohon kogi Wurin ajiyar galibi shimfiɗaɗɗa ne, tare da ƙananan tuddai an rufe shi da ciyayi da ciyawa, waɗanda kuma suke girma a kannun yashi, da kuma wuraren da ke da manyan itatuwa. Dabbobin daji irin su giraffes, launin ja, warthog, cheetah, karnukan daji, damisa, zaki, shukon ruwan bulu, canna, oryx, tururuwa mai ban sha'awa da jan kumfa suna zama a ajiyar wurin.
Menan Bush suna zaune a Kalahari tsawon dubunnan shekaru, kuma mutanenta sun fara komawa zuwa zamanin Dutse. Wadannan Bushmen har yanzu suna zaune a nan, suna yawon yankuna kamar mafarautan mazauna garin.
Bushmen daga Kalahari.
Gasar Kogin Nechisar
Nechisar National Park wani karamin filin shakatawa ne wanda ke kan iyakar murabba'in kilomita 514, a cikin wani kyakkyawan sashe na kwarin kwarya a tsakanin tafkunan biyu. A gabas, shingen kan iyaka a tsaunin Amaro, wanda ya tashi kimanin mita dubu biyu, a arewacin shi ruwan Kogin Abaya yana da kullun, wanda ya mamaye yankin da murabba'in kilomita 1,070. A wajen kudu ita ce tafkin Chamo, wani karamin tafki mai tsabtaccen ruwa wanda ke rufe yanki mai nisan kilomita 350. Zuwa gabas ita ce garin Arba Minch, wanda shine babban birni a yankin Arewa ta Arewa. Filin tsakiyar tsakiyar da ke tsakanin tafkin da matattarar Amaro (Amaro) daga nesa suna kama da fararen fata, waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin tushen sunan Nechisar ko "farin ciyawa".
Ana la'akari da Nechisar National Park wani yanki ne mai mahimmanci ga yawan tsuntsayen, musamman waɗanda suka yi ƙaura. Mahimmancin yawan sarkifisher, storks, pelicans, Flamingos da muguwar ihu suna zaune a can.
Yankin Kula da Ngorongoro
Yankin Kare Ngorongoro yana arewa maso yammacin Tanzania. A hedkwatar ta, akwai Ngorongoro Crater mai ban sha'awa, tsohuwar dutsen mai fitad da wuta da ya rushe kuma ya kafa dutse. Swanƙolin dutsen da ke dutsen ya zama wurin ajiyar ɗabi'a na ɗimbin iri da ke rayuwa a nan. Bayan gefen dutse, mutanen Masai suna kiwon dabbobinsu a filayen, da alama ba sa kula da garken dabbobin da ke musayar wannan fili. Wannan yanki yana da mahimmaci a cikin bincika asalin mutum, kamar yadda aka samo wasu daga cikin farkon 'yan adam a nan, gami da alaƙar ɗan adam waɗanda ke da shekara miliyan 3.5.
Ra'ayin Ngorongoro daga ciki.
Lake a cikin Jirgin Ngorongoro.
Victoria Falls National Park
Gidaje ta Victoria Falls tana bayan Victoria Falls, akan Kogin Zambezi, a wurin da iyakar Zimbabwe da Zambia. Ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu yawa, waɗanda ƙarni da yawa da suka gabata sassan ruwa ne.
Gasar National Serengeti
Hijira ta Zebra a cikin Serengeti National Park. Tushen hoto.
Gasar National Serengeti a Tanzaniya na ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsufa kuma sanannen shaharar mallakar halittu a Afirka. Wurin shakatawa ya shahara ne saboda ƙaura na miliyoyin wildebeests, ɗaruruwan dubban gaelles da zebras, da kuma mafarauta suna farautar su. Wannan shine ɗayan abubuwan kallo na halitta masu ban sha'awa a duniya. Babban hijirar, wanda yakai tsawon kilomita 1000 na balaguron tafiya na shekara-shekara, yana gudana ta wurare daban-daban na kyawawan wurare tare da katsewar bishiyoyi da kuma wurare masu ban sha'awa da ke cike da tsaunukan dutse da kuma rafukan kogi da gandun daji. Wannan wurin shakatawa yana da ɗayan mafi girma da kuma mafi yawan mutane masu yawa tare da ma'amala da dabbobin da ke cikin duniya.
Gadar ta Serengeti ta shafi yanki mai fadin murabba'in kilomita 12,950 kuma ana daukar ta a matsayin daya daga cikin mahalliccin yanayin kasa da ke cike da damuwa.
Masai Mara Reserve ta Kasa
Masai Mara yanki ne da yake a lardin Narok na Kenya. Tana iyaka da Serengeti National Park, kuma ta karɓi suna cikin girmamawa ga mutanen Masai waɗanda ke zaune a waɗannan yankuna. Ya shahara sosai saboda yawan zakakoki, damisa da damisa, da kuma hijiyoyin zebras, da wazirin Thomson da wildebeest, ana tura su wannan wurin duk shekara daga Yuli zuwa Oktoba daga Serengeti. An san taron a matsayin "ƙaura mai girma."
Masai Mara ya mamaye wani yanki kaɗan, amma anan zaka iya lura da abin mamakin yadda dabbobin daji suke. Gidan shakatawa gida ne na dabbobi 95 masu shayarwa, dabbobi, dabbobi masu rarrafe da kuma nau'ikan tsuntsaye sama da 400. Babban Biyar (buffalo, giwaye, damisa, zaki da raguna) sun cika ko'ina cikin wurin shakatawa. Leopards, alatu, dawakai, rakuminni, birrai, sararin sama, birai, warthogs, buffalos, zebras, giwaye, dorinar dabo da karnukan daji suna magana a kusa da kogin Mara.
Hoton sararin sama na garken ɓoyayyun dabbobin da suka biyo bayan wasu manyan karnukan zebra a cikin Masai Mara. Tushen hoto.
National Parks na Afirka.
Kusan kusan 4% (kimanin 1,170,880 sq. Km.) Na ɗaukacin yankin Afirka an karɓi kariyar daga 1990. Pongola - Wurin ajiya na farko na Afirka, an kafa shi ne a 1894 a Afirka ta Kudu, kodayake a kwanan nan, yawancin wuraren da ake adana su sun bayyana.
862 940 sq M. km na nahiyar, a cewar kungiyar ungiyar kasa da kasa na kiyaye halitta da albarkatun kasa (IUCN), tana karkashin cikakken kariya kuma ba ta da duk wani aikin hakar ma'adanai da ayyukan gandun daji.
A kan waɗannan murabba'ai akwai wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa (inda aka ba wa baƙi damar yin la'akari da ƙananan canje-canje a cikin wuri mai faɗi), abubuwan tunawa na halitta, wuraren ajiyar kaya da sauran abubuwan jan hankali.
Protectionarancin kariya yana buɗewa zuwa sauran murabba'in murabba'in 307,940. km, wannan yana nufin cewa a cikin waɗannan yankuna za a iya amfani da ƙasa don wuraren shakatawa da kayayyakin yawon shakatawa da kuma wasu nau'ikan ayyukan ma'adinai.
Akwai yankuna da yawa da aka kiyaye su a duk faɗin Afirka, amma mafi yawan wuraren adana hoto da yawa suna cikin Kudu da Gabashin Afirka, kuma UNESCO ta danganta wasu daga cikinsu ga al'adun duniya da al'adun gargajiya.
Filin shakatawa na Bwindi
Gasar National Bwindi tana kudu maso yammacin Uganda a gabashin Afirka. Ya mamaye murabba'in kilomita 331 daga cikin daji, kuma kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, zaku iya zuwa wannan wurin kawai da kafa. Wurin da ke gefen gabashin rafin na Albertin Rift, wurin shakatawa yana da tsabtataccen yanayin halittu da kuma watakila mafi yawan nau'in bishiyoyin a gabashin Afirka. Hakanan tana da fauna iri-iri, gami da nau'ikan rubutattun bishiyoyi da kuma ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe mafi arziki a Afirka.
A cikin Bwindi, kusan rabin adadin yawan mutanen dutse gorilla, wanda, abin takaici, mutum 340 ne kacal.
Mountain Gorilla a Bwindi National Park. Tushen hoto.
Gasar Amboseli
Gidajen Amboseli National Park shine ɗayan shahararrun wuraren shakatawa a Kenya. Tana cikin kudu na ƙasar, a kan iyaka da Tanzaniya. Wurin shakatawa na bayar da ɗayan mafi kyawu da kyaun gani Dutsen Kilimanjaro tare da kololuwar tsauni a tsaunin, tsayin mita 5,985. Amboseli na jan hankalin baƙi musamman saboda yawan garken giwayen, kodayake yawancin magabatan suna da wurin zama, alal misali, zakuna, cheetah da damisa.
Wata giwa ta tsallaka hanyar datti a cikin Gidajen Amboseli. A bango shi ne Dutsen Kilimanjaro. Tushen hoto.
Masai Mara, Kenya
Visa : buƙatar, wanda aka zana a ofishin jakadancin ko kan layi, kuɗin - $ 50 (≈ 3400 rubles).
Yadda ake zuwa can : daga Nairobi ta mota kusan awanni 5-6 (a shafin yanar gizon shakatawa zaku iya yin hayan SUV tare da direba don 250-350 $ / ≈ 16,700 - 23,000 rubles kowace rana.
Farashi : tikitin shiga na manya - $ 70 (≈ 4,700 rubles), ga yaro - $ 40 (≈ 2,700 rubles).
Otal a kusa da : Enkolong Tally Camp, daga 6790 rub./night na biyu.
Masai Mara Park ya shahara sosai ga yawan damisa a duniya. Haka kuma akwai ƙwayoyin cuta, zakuna, beraye baƙi, da dusar kankara ana iya lura da kogunan Mara da Talek. Filin shakatawa na cikin ƙasa yana buƙatar ne a tsakanin masu yawon bude ido, saboda hanyoyin ƙaura na dabbobi na lokaci suna wucewa ta ƙasa.
Mafi kyawun lokacin don ziyartar wurin shakatawa shine daga Yuli zuwa Oktoba: a wannan lokacin, ƙaura yana aiki sosai. Kamfar ruwa a sa'ilin watan hunturu - kyakkyawan lokacin don kallon abincin. A cikin shakatawa zaku iya shirya safarin balloon (farashi a kowane girma - daga $ 400 / ≈ 27,000 rubles) - a yayin jirgin za ku ga dabbobi ba kawai, har ma da hotunan hoto na Kogin Mara.
Ngorongoro, Tanzania
Visa: ana buƙata, ana yin sa a tashar jirgin sama lokacin da aka dawo, farashin shine $ 50 (≈ 3400 rubles).
Yadda ake zuwa can : akan jirgin sama mai amfani da hasken lantarki daga garin Kilimanjaro (daga $ 165 / ≈ 11,000 rubles) ko Arusha (daga $ 100 / ≈ 6,700 rubles) zuwa Manyara (lokacin tafiyar tafi sa'a). Daga Manyara, awanni biyu ta mota ko daga Arusha ta mota kusan awa hudu, haya motar - daga $ 50 / rana (≈ 3400 rubles).
Farashi : tikitin shiga - $ 50 (≈ 2400 rubles) kowace mutum a rana (awa 6). Idan ka ƙara tsawon lokaci, to lallai za ka biya ƙarin ƙarin kwana ɗaya. Don shigar da wurin shakatawa ta mota dole ne ka biya ƙarin $ 200 (≈ 13,500 rubles).
Otal a kusa da : Afirka Safari Glamping Manyara, daga 2599 rub./night na biyu.
Cibiyar Ngorongoro National Park a Tanzaniya babban katako-caldera ne mai nisan sama da kilomita 20, wanda aka kafa kimanin shekaru miliyan 2.5 da suka gabata. Ya kamata ku zo nan a ƙalla don ganin ɗaya daga cikin manyan popuan adam masu walƙiya a duniya. Kuma ku kalli kashin da ke tattare da bakaken fata da fari.
Hippos da giwayen suma suna zaune a wurin shakatawa. Idan kun yi sa'a, a lokacin safarar za ku shaida yadda ƙwayoyin cuta, damisa da zakuna suna farauta da dabbobi. A ƙofar wurin shakatawa, a ofishin akwatin, yi hankali: daka-tsalle tsalle-tsalle da baƙi suna yin jaka jaka da kyamarori.
Tarihin Duniya na Worldan Adam.
Yankunan 601 da ke da kariya da yanki mai girman hekta 1000, akwai a cikin Afirka. Daga cikin Kwamitin kasa da kasa na al'adun duniya, 26 daga cikinsu suna cikin jerin sunayen adabin Duniya na al'adun duniya da na dabi'un dan adam na duniya.
Abubuwan da aka haɗa cikin wannan Jerin suna wakiltar “ƙimar darajar mahimmancin duniya” saboda mahimmancin al'adunsu da tarihinsu, fasalin halitta ko haɗuwa da waɗannan abubuwan.
Sassan Tarihin Duniya a farkon shekarun 80. daga karni na karshe, an ayyana filin shakatawa na Serengeti tare da yankin da ke kula da yankin Ngorongoro na tsakiya da arewacin Tanzania.
A kudu maso gabashin Aljeriya, Tassili Ager tare da haɗuwa da abubuwan tarihi na al'adu da yanayi na musamman wani lamari ne a cikin jerin ƙasashen duniya. Wannan tuddai na dutse, saboda lalataccen dutse, wanda aka birkitar da shi da yanayin ban mamaki, ya kasance sanannan ne saboda tsarin halittar sa na musamman.
Masana kimiyya sun gano samfuran zane-zane na kogon akan waɗannan keɓaɓɓun halittun, waɗanda an kiyaye su daidai. A shekaru dubu 10, ana kimanta shekarun zane, yanayin yanayin Sahara a wancan lokacin ya kasance ruwan sama sosai, sa ciyawa kuma suka yi girma a yankin hamada na yanzu.
Eddo, Afirka ta Kudu
Visa : don 'yan ƙasa na Tarayyar Rasha ba a buƙata.
Yadda ake zuwa can : Eddo Park yana cikin Kudancin Afirka ta Kudu, kilomita 70 daga Port Elizabeth. Ba za ku iya kaiwa wurin ajiyar jama'a ba; kuna buƙatar siyar safiyar safiyar safiyan gizo ko yin hayar mota a Port Elizabeth (daga $ 90 / ≈ 6000 rubles kowace rana).
Farashi : tikitin shiga na manya - $ 20 (≈ 1350 rubles) kowace rana, ga yara - $ 10 (≈ 670 rubles). Kuna iya zuwa wurin shakatawa daga 7:00 zuwa 19:00.
Otal a kusa da : Addo Self Catering, daga 2799 rub./night na biyu.
Garkuwan National Eddo wani yanki ne na masoya giwaye. An kirkiro wannan wurin shakatawa ne a shekarar 1931 da nufin adana yawan jama'ar dabbobi na Afirka. Bayan haka akwai 11 kawai, yanzu akwai fiye da 600. Baya ga giwaye, kyanwa, damisa, zakuna, gandun daji suna zaune a wurin shakatawa, da kuma kifayen kifayen kudu da farin kifin a cikin ruwa.
Zai fi kyau a kalli giwaye daga motar ko daga dandamali a zangon Spekboom. Mafi kyawun lokacin ziyarar shine daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. Waɗannan watannin bushe ne, lokacin da wakilan namun daji ke fita hayyacinsu don shayar da wuraren da yawon buɗe ido za su iya kallon su.
Huange, Zimbabwe
Visa : ga citizensan ƙasa na Federationungiyar Rasha ana ba da takardar izinin sauka a kan iyakar, kuɗin visa na $ 30 (≈ 2,000 rubles).
Yadda ake zuwa can : Daga tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Victoria Falls ta jirgin ƙasa na $ 12 (≈ 800 rubles) zuwa tashar tashar Dete (mafi kusa da filin shakatawa na ƙasa), sannan ku yi hayar mota, farashin daga 80 $ (≈ 5400 rubles) kowace rana.
Farashi : tikitin shiga - $ 20 (≈ 1340 rubles) kowace rana.
Ana daukar Huange Park mafi girma a Zimbabwe, sannan kuma ɗayan mafi arziki a Afirka dangane da bambancin fauna. A yayin safaris zaka iya kallon raƙuman daji, zakuna, zebras, birai, tururuwa.
Hakanan an san Huange da cewa suna aiwatar da wani aiki na ƙasa don kula da yawan damisa da karnukan daji na Afirka. Gaba ɗaya, kusan dabbobi kusan 1000 da kusan nau'ikan tsuntsaye 400 suna zaune a wurin shakatawa. Kuna iya kallon dabbobi daga motar ko daga jirgin ruwan kallo.
Garkunan Kruger da Bwindi National Park a Afirka
Tsohon shakatawa na halitta a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren ajiyar yanayi a Afirka.
Yana dauke da sunan S.J.P. Kruger - Shugaban kasar daga shekarar 1880 zuwa 1900, wanda ya fara gabatar da manufar kirkirar ajiyar wuri da manufar kare dabbobin daji da kuma hana farauta. Daga baya, a cikin 1926, an kirkiro shinge na farko na ƙasa a filin ajiyar wurin.
An san wurin shakatawa don kayan tarihi na tarihinta - a kan yankin da aka gano asalin nau'ikan mutane - mutum madaidaici - shekaru 500 da suka gabata, ragowar gidaje, sama da wurare 100 tare da zane-zane na kogo.
Yawancin dabbobin daji iri iri na 150 suna zaune a yankin Kruger Park, yawan su anan shine mafi girma akan nahiya. Har ila yau, wurin shakatawa na da nau'ikan tsuntsaye 420.
Nau'in ciyayi anan shine mafi halayyar savannah tare da karamin murfin daji.
Reserve Yanayin Kruger a Afirka ya hada da wasu kananan wuraren shakatawa masu zaman kansu, kamar Mala Mala. Fasalin sa mai aminci ne mai tsari mai tsari. Komai yana cikin natsuwa kuma an auna su anan, babu yawan yawon bude ido. Sabis ɗin yana cikin babban mataki. Iyakar abin da korau ne wajen babban farashin.
Bwindi - National Park A cikin tsaunukan katako da ke kudu maso yammacin Uganda tare da yankin murabba'in murabba'in kilomita 330. km kusa da kan iyaka da Kongo. A jinkirta shakatawa ne dutse, wani lokacin lebur, akwai wasu kananan koguna.
Ainihin, yankin Bwindi yanki ne da ba za'a iya jurewa ba.
Yanayin yanayin anan shine misalin Jungle - da ake kira na wurare masu zafi.
Tsarin ilimin halittar wurin shakatawa yana da wadatuwa da bambancin mutane da ke rayuwa a nan:
- dabbobi - kusan nau'ikan 150,
- tsuntsaye - jinsuna 350,
- malam buɗe ido - kusan nau'ikan 200.
Babban abinda ke jan hankalin Bwindi shine gorillas dutse, kusan rabin dukkanin nau'ikan wannan nau'in dabbobi suna zaune anan.
Itace tsintsiya na gida tana da ban sha'awa - fiye da nau'ikan tsire-tsire 200. Akwai kusan nau'in nau'in fern 100 kawai.
Arewacin Afirka.
A yawancin ƙasashen arewacin Afirka har zuwa 60s na karni na XX babu kusan babu wuraren kiyayewa. A shekara ta 1884, a Tunisiya ne kawai aka fara aikin gandun daji na jihar, daga baya aka gabatar da takunkumi game da farauta. Kuma a cikin Aljeriya a cikin 1923 an amince da filin shakatawa na farko na Arewacin Amurka.
A yau, an kirkiro wuraren shakatawa na kasa a Arewacin Afirka don kare wasu nau'in dabbobi. Misali, a cikin filin shakatawa na Taza - Berber macaques, a cikin shingkal na Tubkal, a tsakiyar babban tudun Atlas a Maroko - wakilan ragin dutsen, a cikin tanadin Tener da iska a Najeriya - kayan kwalliya da kwalliyar mawuyacin yanayi.
A cikin yankunan gabar teku na wannan yankin, an kuma kirkiro wuraren ajiya da yawa. Misali, a gabar tekun Mauritania - Ban d'Argen ƙasa ƙasa ce wacce tsuntsaye miliyan ke amfani da ita a lokacin sanyi. Ana samun deer Berer deer da caracals a cikin busasshiyar ƙasa a cikin filin shakatawa na Al Algeria na El Qala.
Ciyawar guguwar cuta hade da tsananin fari da fari a cikin ciyawar dajin Sahel ya haifar da mummunar illa ga yanayin daji na Arewacin Afirka. Hakanan ya haifar da tasirin wannan yaƙe-yaƙe, ciki har da a Algeria, inda ake amfani da masu kare sinadarai a lokacin gwagwarmayar samun 'yancin kai na 1952 - 1962. Fahimtar da bukatar kare muhalli ke bunkasa tare da mahimmancin yawon shakatawa don ci gaban waɗannan ƙasashe.
Nakuru, Kenya
Visa : buƙatar, wanda aka zana a ofishin jakadancin ko kan layi, kuɗin - $ 50 (≈ 3400 rubles).
Yadda ake zuwa can : ƙofar shiga wurin shakatawa tana a kudancin Nakuru: hanya daga Nairobi ta mota mai nisan kilomita 170, kusan awanni 3, farashin yana daga $ 80 (≈ 5400 rubles) kowace rana.
Farashi : tikitin shiga - $ 80 (≈ 5360 rubles).
Otal a kusa da : Gidan Jumuia Guest House Nakuru, daga 3899 rub./night na biyu.
Babban abin da zai zo wurin shakatawa shine garken tumaki masu girma masu launin ruwan hoda (yawancinsu anan daga Yuli zuwa Maris). Suna zaune a tafkin Nakuru na gida. Lokacin da dubban tsuntsaye suka tashi a cikin iska, hoton yana da ban mamaki - ajiye kyamara a shirye.
Baya ga Flamingos, daskararre masu launin rawaya, fararen fata, da herons suna zaune a nan.
Yayin tafiya a wurin shakatawa zaka iya ganin zebras, raƙuma, buffalos, damisa, maharan, zaki. Tabbatar ta hau tsaunin Menengai mai wutan lantarki (tsauni sama da mita 2000) don sha'awar wurin shakatawa daga tsayi. Hakanan zaka iya yin tafiya zuwa Fmpson Thompson mai mita 75, wanda yake kilomita 60 daga tafkin.
Yammaci da Tsakiyar Afirka.
A cikin ɗayan wuraren da jama'a ke da yawa - Yammacin Afirka, haɓakar alƙaluma ya haifar da ƙarewar mahimman sassan ɓangarorin ruwan sama da savannas da sau ɗaya, sabili da haka nau'in halittu masu yawa.
Sama da shekaru 100, kusan kashi 90% na gandun daji a Guinea, Saliyo, Nigeria da Côte d’Ivoire an sare saboda katako. Ko da a cikin gandun dajin National Tai, Côte d'voire, farauta, binciken gwal da girbin katako suna ci gaba. Masana tsabtace muhalli a cikin ƙasashe da yawa suna matukar himma don halayen kyautata yanayin muhalli waɗanda suka yi daidai da bukatun yawanci matalauta.
A shekara ta 1979, an shirya wani kamfen a cikin tsarin aikin Mountain Gorilla, wanda manufar hakan shine: kirkirar mutunta gida don dabi'a. Ofayan ɗayan ƙasashe masu yawan jama'a shine Rwanda.
Binciken da aka yi a shekarar 1980 a Ruwanda ya nuna cewa wasu wuraren shakatawa na Volcanoes National, mazaunin kebantattun gorillas, ba za su damu da amfani da fiye da rabin manoman Ruwanda don ƙirƙirar gonaki a can ba.
Kusan dukkanin ƙauyuka sun kasance masu cike da murna, waɗanda ke shawo kan mazauna karkara game da buƙatar adana gorillas, musamman, suna nuna mahimmancin waɗannan dabbobin don haɓaka ɗayan manyan wuraren wuraren aiki a cikin ƙasa - yawon shakatawa.
Binciken iri daya a 1984 ya nuna cewa yawan mutanen da suke fatan amfani da filayen shakatawa don bukatun aikin gona ya riga ya ragu da kashi 18%. Yawan gorilla sun fara ƙaruwa a ƙarshen 80s, amma a cikin 90s. ƙaura yawan mazaunan da yakin ya rage duk ƙoƙarin da suka gabata zuwa sifili.
Etosha, Namibia
Visa : don 'yan ƙasa na Tarayyar Rasha ba a buƙata.
Yadda ake zuwa can : ta jirgin sama daga Windhoek zuwa Ondangwa (kimanin $ 200 / ≈ 13,400 rubles), jirgin zai ɗauki kimanin awa daya, sannan ta mota, wanda za'a iya yin hayar a tashar jirgin saman, farashin yana daga $ 60 (≈ 4000 rubles) kowace rana.
Farashi : tikitin shiga - daga $ 6 (≈ 400 rubles) kowace rana.
Otal a kusa da : Etosha Village, daga 10 190 rub./night na biyu.
A cikin filin shakatawa na Etosha za a sami damar duba dabbobi masu rai a rami na ruwa - akwai wuraren ajiye ruwa da yawa a nan. Misali, ana sanya abubuwan tabo a tafkin Okauquayo - za'a iya daukar hoton giwayen da raguna koda da dare. Amma zakuna, giraffes da tururuwa suna zuwa Namutoni. Mafi kyawun lokacin ziyarar shine daga Mayu zuwa Disamba.
Gabashin Afirka
Abu ne mai wahala sosai don kare da sarrafa ajiyar gandun daji, kuma ba kowa ne aka yarda ya ga dabbobi a wurin ba. Sabili da haka, a cikin Afirka, shahararren shahararrun halittu a cikin savannah - matattara mai zafi tare da bishiyoyi daban-daban.
Dukkanin dabbobi guda biyu (damisa, zakuna, alatu) da kuma ciyawar daji (rhinos, kwari, giwaye, buffalos, raƙumi, zebras, gilales, da sauransu) akwai dabbobin daji da yawa a cikin savannah na gabashin Afirka.
Dawakanta da ke zaune a cikin savannah, karnukan daji da ciyayi suna ba da abinci. Yawancin yawon bude ido tabbas suna jan hankalin yawancin wannan fauna. A Kenya a shekarar 1990, kudaden shiga yawon shakatawa ya kai dalar Amurka miliyan 467, wanda ya zarce babban hada kayayyakin biyu na kasar waje - shayi da kofi.
A cikin 1990, IUCN ta tattara jerin sunayen a cikin Kenya na yankuna 36 na kiyayewa, ciki har da wuraren shakatawa na kasa 3 na tarihi da mahimmancin kayan tarihi, gandunan shakatawa na teku 3 da manyan wuraren ajiyar kasa 16, ajiyar da wuraren shakatawa
Filin Tsavo shi ne filin shakatawa mafi girma na kasa. Wannan wurin shakatawa ya shahara sosai saboda yawan giwayen giwayen; yankin Tsavo Park shine murabba'in murabba'in 20,807. km
Gasar National Nairobi, tana da nisan kilomita 6 kawai daga babban birnin Kenya, filin shakatawa na da murabba'in kilomita 114 kawai. km., amma duk da irin wannan girman, a yankunanta wurin shakatawa na da nau'ikan dabbobi masu ban mamaki da suka hada da zakuna, damisa da damisa da mahalli na yanayi.
Ba kamar yadda aka bunƙasa yawon shakatawa a Kenya a Tanzaniya ba, duk da haka, yuwuwar ajiyar ajiya da adana a wannan ƙasar yana da yawa sosai. A Tanzaniya, akwai manyan wuraren shakatawa na kasar guda 6 (ban da Ngorongoro Crater da sanannen Serengeti) da wuraren ajiyar wasannin da yawa waɗanda za a iya sanya matsayin wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa nan gaba.
Serengeti - Wuraren shakatawa na kasa a arewacin Tanzania, daya daga cikin manyan wuraren shakatawa a duniya. Tana can nesa da tazarar kilomita 320 daga Arusha, a tsawan 910 zuwa 1820 m sama da matakin teku, yankinta ya kai kadada miliyan 1.3. “Serengeti” a harshen Masai yana nufin “filayen marasa iyaka”.
Serengeti daga duk reshen Afirka shine na farko a cikin adadin dabbobi da adadin nau'in halittun da ke rayuwa a ciki. Fiye da manyan miliyan dabbobi miliyan 1.5, galibinsu yan unguwanni, suna rayuwa a wurin.
Ana iya ganin nau'ikan dabbobi 35 daban-daban a nan, gami da "Babban Biyar" - damisa da zakuna, giwayen giwaye, dorinar kankara da buffalos. Daga cikin wasu dabbobi - rhinos, giraffes, zebras, Thomson da Grant gazelles, wildebeests, cheetahs, ጅgu, khalifa, dabobi da sauran birai, da kuma nau'ikan tsuntsaye sama da 500 - stork-yabiru, flamingo da sauransu.
Ngorongoro - Wani katon dutsen da ake kira thyroid, wanda ya haura zuwa 2338 m tsawo, yana kusa da gefen yammacin yankin Razlomov, a arewacin Tanzania, a kan iyaka da Kenya. A tsaunin dutse daga kan dutsen akwai shingen kwari wanda aka rufe da ciyawa da ciyawa.
An shimfiɗa kewayen Ngorongoro Crater, ajiyar ta mamaye yanki mai girman hekta dubu 800, bayan da ta sami matsayin hukuma na Consungiyar Kare Tsarin Duniya da Biosphere Reserve, mahimmancinta ya ƙaru.
Da zarar wannan yanki wani ɓangare ne na gandun dajin na Serengeti, amma a matsayin ajiyar waje yana cika manyan ayyuka biyu - kiyaye albarkatun ƙasa, tare da kare sha interestsa da hanyar rayuwar gargajiya ta kabilar Masai, wacce ke kiwon garken shanu, awaki da tumaki.
Wurin ajiyar kaya shine Ngorongoro caldera, ɗaya daga cikin manyan calderas a duniya. Yankin duka yanki shine 264 km 2, zurfin - 970 zuwa 1800 m, tsawon 22 km. Abubuwan fashe-fashe guda biyu da aka lalata suna yankin kudu maso yamma, ɗayan waɗannan mahaukatan cike da Kogin Magadi Ngorongoro.
Yawancin herbivores daban-daban suna ciyar da savannah, musamman a lokacin rani, lokacin da akwai wadataccen abinci na abinci sama da miliyan biyu masu girma dabam. Matsakaicin kundin tarihin fauna na Afirka, jerin dabbobi suna farawa anan: zebra, wildebeest, buffalo, Thomson da Grant gazelles, giraffe, canna da warthog, rhinoceros mai ban tsoro biyu, giwa.
Yawancin waɗannan dabbobin suna yawon kogin Serengeti, yayin da wasu, kamar su hipopotamus, suna zaune kusa da fadama da tabkuna. Duk inda ake samun ganima, akwai masu farauta, Ngorongoro reshin na kula da yawan alamomin da aka hango, zaki, dawakai, damisa, damisa da serval.
A cikin Uganda akwai wasu wuraren shakatawa masu ban mamaki, amma a shekarun 70s - 80s. na karshe karni, a lokacin yakin basasa, sun sha wahala mai yawa, da kuma matsananciyar talauci, don kada yunwar ta mutu, sun harbe dabbobi da yawa.
Afirka ta Kudu.
Canasashen Afirka ta kudu za a iya aminta da su cikin jerin yankuna yankuna masu kariya na duniya. Kusan 7% na ƙasa yana ƙarƙashin kariyar ƙasa, kodayake a cikin 80s - 90s. a lokacin yaƙin basasa a Mozambique da Angola, don dabbobin daji ba su wuce ba tare da wata alama ba.
Botswana ta fi yawan wuraren shakatawa a wuraren wasan motsa jiki da wuraren bautar dabbobi; kashi 17% na fadin kasar yanki ne na kiyayeta. Koma baya cikin 90s XX a cikin motsi na muhalli ya samo asali ne a Afirka. Daga cikin yankuna 43 da gwamnati ta ba da kariya, ya zuwa 1929, 27 suna cikin Afirka ta Kudu.
Daga shagon Sabi da Shingvedzi, shahararren filin shakatawa na wannan yanki yana ɗaukar asalin sa.Haɗakar da waɗannan ajiyar ga Gidajen Kruger ta faru ne lokacin da aka ɗauki doka a kan wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa a cikin 1926, a kan yankin Transvaal na wancan lokacin - lardi a arewacin-gabashin yankin.
Yin aiki da murabba'in murabba'in mita 19,485. km, Kruger Park a kan yankin ta adana adadi mai yawa na dabbobi ta amfani da mahalli iri-iri na yanayi. Ana samun nau'ikan nau'in dabbobi kamar fari rhinos a cikin wannan wurin shakatawa.
A Afirka ta Kudu, a cewar IUCN, a cikin 1990 akwai yankuna 178 na kiyayewa tare da adadin murabba'in murabba'in mita 63,100. km, shi ne 5.2% na jimlar ƙasar. Baya ga Kruger Park, kyawawan wurare masu kyau na Golden Gate, Kalahari Jamesbock, ta hanyar hanyoyin ƙaura na manya-manyan tuddai da Addo Elephant National Park kusa da Port Elizabeth sun shahara.
Zimbabwe da Madagascar.
Filin shakatawa mai ban mamaki na Victoria Falls Park da kuma gandun dajin Zambezi na gaba suna a Zimbabwe. Hwange Park - ɗayan shahararrun abubuwan ajiya a duniya, waɗanda dabbobi ke rayuwa a ciki, suna a arewa maso yamma na ƙasar. Babban abin tarihi na Halittu da Park na Zimbabwe - yana da matukar muhimmanci a tarihin tarihi.
Yawan dabbobi masu rai suna shafar tsibirin Madagascar a gabashin Afirka. Yanayin tsibiri ne na jihar da ke ƙayyade bambancin wannan rayayyun halittu.
Madagascar fauna da flora ta haɓaka da wadatar da sabon nau'in don shekaru mil da yawa. Amma ga muhalli, mummunar tasirin wayewar ɗan adam bai wuce ba - an yi barazanar lalata nau'ikan 45 da ƙananan ramuka na lalacewar, kuma kusan 4/5 na gandun daji sun sare.
Kasar ba ta da isasshen albarkatun don tabbatar da bin ka'idodin muhalli, duk da ƙirƙirar sararin yanayi a cikin 1927.
Hasashen.
Yawancin matsaloli masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke fuskantar masana ilimin muhalli a Afirka, ya haifar da haɓakar haɓakar masana'antu na ƙasashe da abubuwan al'adu. Amma har yanzu akwai dalilai na kyakkyawan fata.
Ana iya tsammanin, musamman a cikin kasashen da suka dogara da yawon shakatawa, cewa har yanzu yankin da ke da kariya zai iya fadada. Hakanan yana da ban ƙarfafa cewa a tsakanin jama'ar Afirka ana samun wayewa game da fa'idar kare muhalli: ƙungiyoyin jama'a don kare muhalli ana ƙirƙira su ko'ina.
Halittar rabewar halittar dabbobi wata alama ce ta yanayin da ake ciki a halin yanzu na kariya ta muhalli. A cikin wannan ajiyar, an ba da cikakken sashin tsakiya, an kewaye shi da wani yanki mai maƙil da ƙari - an ƙetara yankin waje, amfani da masana'antu da ziyarar baƙi.
Fasahar zamani tana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Na'urorin bin diddigin rediyo suna yin rikodin ƙaurawar dabbobi, kuma kowane canje-canje ga yanayin ciyayi kera ta na'urorin tauraron dan adam. Manyan dabbobi, idan ya cancanta, ba a hana su komawa zuwa wuri mai aminci, kuma ana ba da izinin nau'in halittu masu yawa cikin bauta, sannan a sake su a cikin mazauninsu na al'ada.
Kuma duk da haka a gare ni wannan tatsuniya ce ba labari. Don haka jarabawar da kyau akwai karkkuna, volcanoes, Flaming pink. Ah! JUST YI BAYA.
Filin Kruger na Kasa
Gidajen Kruger na ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren ajiyar yanayi a Afirka kuma ɗayan manyan wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa a duniya. Yankin ta shine murabba'in kilomita 19,485. Wannan kuma shine farkon shakatawa na kasa a Afirka ta Kudu, wanda aka bude a 1926, kodayake jihar ta kiyaye yankin ta daga 1898.
Gidajen Kruger na da yawancin nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa fiye da duk wani reshen Afirka, ciki har da wakilan "Manyan Biyar" - zaki, damisa, giwaye, bishiyoyi da dabbaka.
Filin Wasan Chobe na Kasa
Gasar Chobe tana arewa maso yammacin Botswana, kusa da iyakar Zambia, Zimbabwe da Namibia. Ya shahara saboda yawan giwaye. A cewar masana, 50,000 na waɗannan manyan dabbobi suna zaune a nan, wataƙila mafi girman giwaye a cikin Afirka. Mafi kyawun lokacin don ziyartar Chobe shine lokacin bushewa daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba, lokacin da tafkuna suka bushe kuma dabbobi suna taruwa kusa da bakin kogin, inda suke da sauƙin samu.
Giwar ɗan giwar a bankin kogin Chobe a cikin filin shakatawa na ƙasa iri ɗaya sunan. Tushen hoto.
Filin shakatawa na Etosha
Filin wasa na Etosha yana arewa maso yammacin Namibia kuma yana da fadin murabba'in kilomita dubu 22,270. Sunan sa daga lu'ulu'u ne mai launin gwal mai launin fari-wanda ke rufe manyan panoramas wanda ya mamaye kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na Etosha. Gidan shakatawa gida ne ga ɗaruruwan nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye, da dabbobi masu rarrafe, gami da nau'ikan halittu masu haɗari da haɗari, irin su rhinos baki.
Etosha solonchak ya mamaye wani yanki mai fadin murabba'in kilomita 4,800; an kafa shi ne shekaru 16,000 da suka gabata. Tushen hoto.
Rijiyar farauta ta Kalahari ta Tsakiya
Kasuwancin Kalahari ya mamaye yanki mai nisan kilomita 52,800 a Dutsen Kalahari a Botswana. Kimanin ya ninka girman Massachusetts ne, wanda ya mayar da ita mafi girman matsayi na biyu a duniya. Yankin ƙasarta ya ƙunshi filayen buɗewa, tabkuna masu gishiri da gadaje na tsohuwar kogin. Isasa mafi yawa tana da faffadar ƙanƙan da keɓaɓɓun, an rufe ta da ciyawa da ciyawa, sannan kuma an rufe ɗakunan yashi da yankuna tare da manyan bishiyoyi.
Dabbobin daji irin su giraffe, kawa launin ruwan kasa, warthog, cheetah, kare mai kare, damisa, zaki, shudi, shudi, gemsbok, kuduro da jan kumfa suna zaune a wurin shakatawa.
Bushmen sun zauna a Kalahari tsawon dubunnan shekaru tun lokacin Dutse. Har yanzu suna zaune a nan kuma suna zagaye da ƙasa kamar mafarautan farauta.
Bushmen a Kalahari. Tushen hoto.
Rwenzory da Virunga National Parks a Afirka
Ruvenzori wurin ajiyar yanayi ne dake cikin babban tsauni a ƙasar Uganda.
A Ruvenzori sune:
- ɗayan tsauni mafi tsayi na nahiyar - Margherita - 5100 m,
- tafkuna da tafkuna da dama,
- Dusar kankara a kan duwatsu.
Mafi shahararrun kogi mafi girma a Afirka, Nilu, ya samo asali ne daga ajiyar ajiya.
Wurin shakatawa na da wadataccen ciyayi.
Daga cikin dabbobi da ke ajiye akwai wasu nau'ikan da ba a taɓa ganinsu ba, alal misali, wasu nau'ikan halittar biri.
Gorilla yawon shakatawa ya zama sananne.
Filin Kare na Virunga (har zuwa 1962 - Albert Park) yana cikin wani yanki mai tsaunuka a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo a Afirka kusa da kan iyaka da Uganda. Yankin ajiyar kaya shine kimanin murabba'in murabba'in 8000. km
An kirkiro ajiyar halitta na waɗannan wurare a cikin 1925 - a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Kongo Kongo daga Belgium (1908-1960) - kuma an samo shi ne bayan sarki Belbert Albert I.
Za'a iya raba filayen zuwa sassa uku:
- arewa, inda tsaunin Ruvenzori yake,
- tsakiya tare da shimfidar wurare tare da Lake Eduard,
- kudu - kai tsaye cibiyar hadadden tsaunin Virunga tare da dutsen mai wuta da yawa, gami da wadanda ke aiki.
Yanayi a cikin dukkanin bangarorin shakatawa suna da bambanci iri daban-daban, tare da shimfidar wurare daban-daban, dabbobi masu rai da rayuwar shuka. Yawancin nau'in tsuntsayen (sama da 700) suna zaune a nan dindindin ko tashi zuwa don hunturu.
Babban mazaunan Virunga Park sune gorillas dutse, waɗanda galibi suna zaune ne a ƙasan tsaunin.
Serengeti, Tanzania
Visa : ana buƙata, shirya a tashar jirgin sama lokacin da aka tashi, ƙimar - $ 50 (≈ 3400 rubles).
Yadda ake zuwa can : ta mota daga Arusha na kimanin awa 6 ko ta jirgin sama mai amfani da wutar lantarki na ɗayan matattara na cikin gida, jirgin yana kusan $ 300 (≈ 20,000 rubles) hanya guda.
Farashi : tikitin shiga - $ 50 (≈ 3300 rubles).
Otal a kusa da : Samanene Beach Hotel, daga 4099 rub./night na biyu.
Wannan babban wurin shakatawa sanannen sanannen zaki ne (kusan mutane 3000). Hakanan a nan za ku iya kallon wildebeests, giwaye, ragwaye, raƙuman daji.
Kuna iya shirya safarin balloon (bikin ba shi da arha, kusan $ 500 / ≈ 33,500 rubles kowace mutum). Kuma tabbatar za a ziyarci Oldo Lengai mai dutsen mai wuta. Ba za ku iya hawa shi ba, saboda yana aiki, amma hotunan panorama zai zama kyakkyawa.
Gasar Kogin Nechisar
Gasar ta National Nechisar ta mallaki murabba'in murabba'in 514 ne kacal. km., yana kan kyakkyawan yanki na Rift Valley tsakanin tafkuna biyu. Filin shakatawa na gabas yana kan iyaka da tsaunin Amaro, wanda ya haura 2000 m, kuma a arewa - tare da Kogin Abaya tare da ruwan ja na har abada (1070 sq. Km.). A kudu - tare da karamin tafkin Chamo tare da yankin na 350 km. Gabas shine garin Arba Mintch.
Daga wani nesa, filayen tsakiyar suna da kama da fari, kuma sunan Nechisar ko “farin ciyawa” ya fito daga gare su.
An dauki Nechisar National Park wani yanki ne mai mahimmanci ga yawan tsuntsu, musamman ga masu ƙaura. Kingfishers, storks, pelicans, flamingos da gaggafa kifayen huddle a ciki.
Yankin Kula da Ngorongoro
Ngorongoro yana arewa maso yammacin Tanzania. A zahiri, wadannan sune ragowar tsohuwar dutsen Volcano, wanda ya rushe kuma ya kafa dutse. Duwatattun yankunansu sun zama shinge na halitta don ɗimbin iri-iri da suke rayuwa a nan. A filayen da suka wuce dutsen, mutanen Masai suna kiwo dabbobinsu, da alama ba su kula da garken dabbobin da ke cike da faffadar wuri ba. Wannan yanki yana da mahimmanci a cikin gano asalin mutum, kamar yadda ɗayan ɓoyayyun ɗan adam da aka gano kuma an gano abubuwan da suka faru na ɗan adam wanda aka fara daga shekaru miliyan 3.5 a nan.
Lake a cikin Jirgin Ngorongoro. Tushen hoto.
Garamba da Garuruwan National Parks na Afirka
Reshen Yanayin Garamba wanda ke arewa maso gabashin DR Congo kusa da kan iyaka da Sudan.
Yankin filin shakatawa shine murabba'in mita dubu 4,5. km yana mamaye savannas, sahunan ruwa da makiyaya.
Garamba ya shahara ne ga farin farin karkarar da ke zaune a nan - wani yanki ne na rhinoceros da ya kusan bacewa a cikin 80s na ƙarni na karshe kuma an dauki shi kusan ƙarewa yanzu.
Har ila yau, wurin ajiyar kaya na cike da manyan giwayen giwaye da raƙuman daji.
Salonga. Wani yanki na Kongo DR na cikin kogin kogin Kongo, kuma masu yawon bude ido za su iya shiga wurin shakatawa ta ruwa kawai.
An kirkiro filin shakatawa don kare gandun daji.
Bambancin dabbar da dabbar da aka zana a nan ba ta da girma kamar yadda ake samu a sauran reserve, amma tana da ban sha'awa sosai a tsarin ta. Anan zaka iya haduwa:
- bonobo yana da asali ne kawai a waɗannan wurare
- Grey African Parrot (Jaco) da Zaire Peacocks,
- kunkuntar macijin Afirka.
Filin Garko na Kamaru da Nyasa Reserve
Filin shakatawa na Cameo a Angola, wanda ke irin wannan tun daga 1957.
Yankin wurin shakatawa - kadan ƙanƙane - murabba'in mita 1,500. m. Babban filin ƙasa ne, yana da ƙananan gandun daji da filawoyi da tsirrai da reeds.
Yawancin koguna suna gudana a ƙasa na ajiyar ajiyar, wanda ya rinjayi tsarin taimako na wuraren shakatawa kuma lokaci-lokaci ya mamaye yankinsa. Hakanan a cikin wurin akwai tafkuna, ɗayansu - Dilolu - shine mafi girma a Angola.
Wannan matattarar jikin ruwan ya qaddara bukin da ke jikin wasu yankuna tsuntsaye masu yawan ruwa.
Daga dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin Kameya Park, nau'ikan dabbobi masu kwari ana samun su.
Nyasa - ajiyar halitta, gami da tafkin sunan guda da kuma yankin da ke kusa da shi. Ana zaune a wani yanki a wani tsauni mai nisan mil 1400 a saman matakin teku.
Kogin Nyasa an kirkireshi ne sakamakon cika babban rami (zurfin - sama da mil 700) a tsakanin jihohin Tanzania, Mozambique da Malawi. Tsawonsa duka kilomita 590 ne.
Taimakon rairayin bakin teku ya bambanta: daga filayen ruwa da rairayin bakin teku zuwa tsaunuka, waɗanda ke faɗuwa kai tsaye cikin ruwan tafkin.
Kogunan gida daya da rabi sun kwarara cikin tafkin, wanda ke ciyar da shi da ruwa mai tsafta.
Ruwan wannan babban tafki gida ne ga yawancin kifayen mutane - kusan 1000, haka kuma karnuka.
A bangaren Mozambique na gabar ruwa a kusa da kan iyaka da Tanzaniya akwai ajiyar dabi'a wacce ke da nau'ikan tsuntsaye sama da 400, tare da yawan dabbobin da suka ci gaba.
Yawon shakatawa a cikin Tsarin Yanayi na Nyasa an inganta shi sosai daga Mozambique da Malawi, inda zaku iya samun nishaɗi ku ciyar lokaci a ɗaya daga tsibiran.
Kirimanjaro National Park a Afirka
Wurin ajiyar yana cikin arewacin Tanzaniya kuma ya shahara a kan kololuwar mafi girma a Afirka - Kilimanjaro volcano (5895 m).
Kilimanjaro shine farkon kuma jigon shakatawa na wurin shakatawa. Mutane da yawa suna zuwa nan daidai don su hau ɗayan kololuwan ukun gefen hanyoyin don hakan. Hawan wasu daga cikinsu abu ne mai sauƙi, tsarin tallatawa yana da wahala kawai, saboda zuwa saman, kuna buƙatar tsallake wasu bangarorin yanayin yanayi.
Za'a iya tsara yanayin hawa hawa a kowane lokaci na shekara banda lokacin damina (Oktoba-Nuwamba, Maris-Afrilu).
Hawan dutse, yawon bude ido na iya gani:
- sanannen abu ne - dutsen dusar kankara da dusar kankara a tsakiyar Afirka,
- wani abin kallo mai ban tsoro game da dutsen mai fitad da wuta
- wasu kyawawan tabkuna,
- tsaunin dutse yana haɗu da kogon dutsen guda biyu.
Ciyayi na shakatawa na daɗaɗɗa kuma yana da bambanci, saboda yana canzawa tare da canjin bangarorin hawa lokacin hawa zuwa saman.
A gindin tsaunuka akwai kyawawan wuraren kiwo da savannah, Anan sun sami hanyoyi da yawa masu kyau masu yawon shakatawa.
Serengeti da Ngorongoro National Parks
A kudu maso gabashin Kilimanjaro a Tanzania wani sanannen sanannen ne Asusun Kula da Afirka na Afirka - Serengeti. Af, Tanzania ita ce ƙasar da Afirka ta fi cancanta.
Yankin Serengeti ya wuce murabba'in mita dubu 15. km, shi ne mafi girma a cikin ƙasar.
Tsarin yanayin halittar wannan ajiyar ba shi da matsala da ayyukan ɗan adam.
A kan babban filin da filin shakatawa yake, akwai dabbobi da tsuntsaye iri iri. Yana da ban sha'awa sosai don kallon su, alal misali, yayin safari.
Musamman masu ban sha'awa sune abubuwan kallo na ƙaurawar dabbobi yayin lokutan fari, lokacin da rayayyun rayayyun rayayyu ke motsawa, yana rufe dubban kilomita.
Kasancewar tsakiya Yankin Kula da Ngorongoro A ƙasar Tanzaniya, wani ɓangare ne na Serengeti Park, an yi lakanin wani ɗan ɓarna na tsohon dutsen mai fitad da wuta.
Girmanta yana da ban mamaki:
- diamita - fiye da kilomita 20,
- zurfin - 610 m,
- jimlar yanki - murabba'in kilomita 270. km
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa dutsen ya kafa tsarin halittar kansa daban - yawancin jinsunan dabbobi da suke rayuwa anan ba su taɓa zama a waje ba. Jimlar dabbobi da ke zaune a cikin dutsen sun wuce dubu 25.
A cikin jirgin akwai wani tafki mai ban sha'awa na Magadi - gishiri, wanda aka samo daga maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi.
Kogin gida gida ga wasu nau'ikan tsuntsaye masu ban sha'awa, gami da Flamingos, herons da pelicans.
A kan gangara kusa da ginin akwai kabarin masana kimiyyar ilimin kimiyar dabbobi na Jamus Bernhard da Mikael Grzimekov, waɗanda suka ba da babbar gudummawa ga bincike, adanawa da kuma yaduwar wuraren shakatawa na Serengeti da Ngorongoro.
Rungwa, Masai Mara da Tsarin Yanayi mai Muni
Rungwa - Wani gandun shakatawa na kasa a Afirka a Tanzaniya, na biyu mafi girma dangane da fannin.
Kogunan kogunan da yawa suna ta shimfida ko'ina cikin filin shakatawa, mafi girma daga cikinsu shine Ruaha, da manyan jiragen ruwa da kuma na baya-bayanan ruwa. Wasu daga cikin koguna suna bushe sosai.
Irin wannan jikewar jikin jikin ruwa ya kaddara banbancin fauna da flora da ke zaune a Rungwa.
Ya kamata a lura da mawuyacin gicciyen waɗannan wurare, wanda ya ba da damar adana biosphere na ajiyar ɗan adam kusan ba a taɓa shi ba. A wasu sassan wuraren shakatawa an yarda.
Yanayin Reserve Selous. Mafi girman wurin ajiyar yanayi a Tanzaniya da kuma a kan nahiyar - yankinsa yakai muraba'in mita 45,000. km, mai suna bayan matafiyin Burtaniya kuma mai binciken F.K. Selous.
- Kogin Rufiji yana ta kwarara ko'ina cikin shakatawa.
- Filin ya girma fiye da nau'ikan tsirrai da bishiyoyi 2000 na duniya, manyan tarin gandun daji na mangoro.
- Yawan tsuntsaye - fiye da nau'ikan 400.
- Dabbobin da ke wurin shakatawa sune wakilai na savannah na Afirka, kodayake adadin lambobin daji, giwaye da dorinar biri suna zaune a Selus.
- A cikin rabin rabin wurin shakatawa, ana gudanar da safaris don farauta.
Masai Mara National Park wacce take a Kenya, a kudu maso yamma.
Wurin shakatawa ya zama shimfidar halitta na Serengeti na kusa.
Masai Mara ya samo sunansa ne daga mutanen Masai, waɗanda kabilansu suka kafa tarihi a wannan yankin, kusa da Kogin Mara. Filin shakatawa na gidan savannah ne wanda ke da ciyawa da ciyawa, wani lokacin marshy, tare da itacen oak na acacia.
Kamar Serengeti, Masai Mara ya shahara saboda ƙauraran wurare masu yawa na jinsin dabbobi.
Akwai ɗimbin yawa na balaguron wildebeests - sama da miliyan miliyan shugabannin, har da zakuna da damisa.
Hippos da crocodiles ana samun su sau da yawa a cikin koguna na gida.
Yawon bude ido sun fi shahara da bangaren ajiyar yanki, wanda yanki yake kusa da babban birnin ƙasar - Nairobi (kilomita 220).
Garkunan shakatawa na Tsavo da Amboseli a Afirka
Tsavo - wani wurin shakatawa a Kenya, ɗayan manyan wuraren shakatawa na duniya (yanki - 20,000 sq. kilomita).
Yanayin shakatawa na galibi shine mafi girma a cikin savannah, an rufe shi da tsire-tsire, wani lokacin fadama.
Yawancin koguna suna gudana a cikin ƙasa, mafi girma - Galana, wani lokacin akwai tafkuna, spurts daga ƙasa da ƙananan ƙananan tafkuna.
Wurin shakatawa ya shahara saboda dabbobin daji iri-iri, da kuma tsuntsaye da yawa, kuma anan zaka iya samun dabbobin da ba su da yawa.
Daga bangaren hangen nesa yawon bude ido, mafi haɓaka shi ne gabashin yankin Tsavo reserve tare da cibiyar yawon shakatawa a garin Voi.
A yammacin filin shakatawa, masu yawon bude ido suna taruwa a ƙauyen Mtitto Andei.
Filin shakatawa na Amboseli wanda ke kudu maso gabashin Kenya kusa da kan iyaka da Tanzaniya. In mun gwada da karamar a yankin - murabba'in mita 400. km
Dusar ƙanƙararen dusar ƙanƙara na Kilimanjaro da kewayenta bayyane bayyane daga yankin wannan yanki. Amboseli sananne ne ga yawan giwayenta - kusan dabbobi 900, ana kiranta "ƙasar giwaye."
An ba da izinin yawon shakatawa yin tafiya cikin Amboseli, idan akwai jagorar masu dauke da makamai.
Parks na kasa da kasa (bidiyo) da Kafue
Babban filin ajiyar murabba'i (sama da 22,000 Km) a Namibia, yana kusa da ƙarshen arewacin hamada Kalahari, ɗayan manyan wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa a Afirka ta Kudu.
Theayan yanki na yankin Etosha Park yana da tukunyar gishirin suna iri ɗaya.
Filin shakatawa na Etosha hidima ce ga maza da yawa ga halittu masu rai - dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye, daga cikinsu akwai wanda ba kasafai ake samun irin su dabbobi ba.
Dabbobin daji na hamada sun bambanta da yawa. Musamman idan yazo ga Namibia. Daga cikin mazaunan Namib na hamada - da dama iri-iri (busar gargajiyoyi, oryx, kudu, digi-digi da sauransu), manyan giwayen hamada, raƙuman daji, zebra, damisa, zaki, da sauransu. Ji daɗin kallon!
Kafue - mafi girma a fannin yanki na Zambian. An sanya suna bayan ɗayan koguna waɗanda ke gudana ta ƙasarsu. Kafue ita ce mafi girma daga cikin kogunan Zambiya, kuma a kan haka ana samun magudanan ruwa, raƙuman ruwa har ma da ƙananan wateran ruwa.
Wani abin jan hankalin wurin shakatawa shi ne madatsun ruwa ta Itege-Tezhe, yana toshe Kogin Kafue kuma an gina shi ne domin tattara ruwan tafki da kunna tashar wutar lantarki ta gida.
Ina so in lura cewa kusan dukkanin jerin wuraren shakatawa na kasa da kasa UNESCO ne suka jera su a matsayin wurin Tarihi na Duniya. Abin takaici, halin da ake ciki a kusa da wasu manyan ajiyar ajiya a Afirka (alal misali, Virunga ko Kameya) yana da matukar rikitarwa saboda rikice-rikice da ayyukan soji waɗanda ke faruwa lokaci-lokaci akan yankunansu ko a kewayen, kazalika saboda ayyukan ɗan adam masu cutarwa. Wataƙila ya rigaya ya zama dole don dakatar da dakatar da sanya yanayi ta zama garkuwa ga haɗama da rashin ɗan adam? Me kuke tunani?
Gorongosa, Mozambique
Visa : citizensan ƙasa na Federationungiyar Tarayyar Rasha suna buƙatar visa, ana iya samun su a ofishin jakadancin ko lokacin da suka isa, farashi - $ 40 (≈ 2500 rubles).
Yadda ake zuwa can : ta jirgin sama daga Johannesburg zuwa Beira, jirgin zai tashi kimanin $ 200 (≈ 13,400 rubles), sannan kilomita 200 (kusan awanni 3) ta mota. Kuna iya yin hayan mota a Filin jirgin saman Beira, farashin yana kusan $ 60 (≈ 4000 rubles) kowace rana.
Farashi : tikitin shiga na manya - $ 20 (≈ 1340 rubles), yara 10-17 da suka wuce - $ 10 (≈ 670 rubles), har zuwa shekaru 10 - kyauta.
Otal a kusa da : Montebelo Gorongosa Lodge & Safari, daga 6490 rub./night na biyu.
Babban filin shakatawa na Gorongos a Mozambique ya mamaye yanki mai girman murabba'in mita 4000. mita. Mutane suna zuwa nan don sha'awar bishiyar acacia, savannas, gandun daji na wurare masu zafi. An san wurin shakatawa saboda yawan tsuntsayen da yawan giwayen daji (ba sa fita zuwa yawon bude ido, ana iya lura da su yayin safari) da kuma zakuna da yawa. Lokacin ziyarar Gorongosa yana daga watan Afrilu zuwa Nuwamba, a sauran watanni na hanyarsa ta ɓaci saboda ruwan sama mai yawa, kuma safari ya zama da wuya.
Babban shahararren wurin shakatawa shine "Gidan Gidan" - wani gini ne da mutane suka watsar dasu yayin ambaliyar a cikin shekaru 40 na karni na XX. Da sauri, zakuna suka mamaye shi. Ba a ba da izinin ziyartar Gidan Lion ba da kansa .. Kuna iya kallon ta kawai a lokacin safari wanda aka tsara ta hanyar gandun shakatawa.
Kruger, Afirka ta Kudu
Visa: don 'yan ƙasa na Tarayyar Rasha ba a buƙatar.
Yadda ake zuwa can : daga Johannesburg zuwa Filin jirgin saman Phalaborwa (kusan $ 380 / ≈ 25,500 rubles), yin hayan mota a filin jirgin sama - daga $ 35 (≈ 2,300 rubles).
Farashi : tikitin shiga na manya - $ 23 (≈ 1,550 rubles), ga yaro - $ 11 (≈ 740 rubles) kowace rana.
Otal a kusa da : Bedhabelo Bed & Breakfast, daga 3299 rub./night na biyu.
Kruger Park shine shahararren filin shakatawa na ƙasa a cikin Afirka, wanda aka kafa a ƙarshen karni na 19. Zakuna, gishiyoyi, buffalos, giwayen giwaye da damisa suna zaune a nan. Baya ga yawon shakatawa na safari, baƙi na filin shakatawa na iya jin daɗin kowane nau'in hawan keke da yawon shakatawa kuma har ma da wasan golf (daga $ 12 / ≈ 800 rubles kowace wasa).
A hanyar, Kruger Park wani ɓangare ne na babban Limpopo Park na ƙasar waje (ya haɗa da Limpopo Park a Mozambique, Kruger a Afirka ta Kudu da Gonarezha a Zimbabwe). Kuna iya zagaya yankin babban Limpopo ba tare da biza ba - damar don baƙon ya ziyarci kasashen Afirka ta Kudu guda ɗaya lokaci ɗaya.
Kirimbas, Mozambique
Visa : Citizensan ƙasar Rasha suna buƙatar visa, ana iya samun su a ofishin jakadancin ko kuma lokacin da suka dawo, farashi - $ 40 (≈ 2500 rubles).
Yadda ake zuwa can : akan jirgin sama na yau da kullun daga Johannesburg zuwa Pemba, Farashin daga $ 200 (≈ 13,400 rubles), sannan ta hanyar canja iska zuwa Ibo akan $ 485 (≈ 32,500 rubles) tafiyar balaguro.
Farashi : tikitin shiga - $ 8 (≈ 535 rubles).
Otal a kusa da : Cinco Portas Lodge, daga 3799 rub./night na biyu.
Kirimbas National Park yana kan tsibiri mai tarin yawa, wanda ya ƙunshi tsibirai sama da 30. Kasancewa anan bawai don lura da dabbobi bane a cikin daji, sai dai sauran, kamun kifi akan tsibirai masu ƙyalli da ruwa.
Shahararren jan hankali ne ga masu yawon bude ido safari ne tare da dabbobin ruwa (rami a cikin kayan aiki tsakanin dabbobin ruwa), farashin yana daga $ 65 (≈ 4350 rubles) kowane mutum. Cibiyar ruwa ta isa tsibirin Ibo. Hakanan, daga tsibirin za ku iya tafiya na 'yan kwanaki a cikin ruwa tsakanin tsibiran tsibiran tsibirai.
Ba kamar Turai ba, Afirka ƙasa ce da ba ta taɓa birgewa, wanda yake da amfani aƙalla lokaci guda daga cikin gandun dutse. Duk da cewa safari na Afurka gaba daya yana kama da gidan zoo, amma haƙiƙa tana haifar da tunani daban-daban. Kallon dabbobi a cikin mazauninsu na asali ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi ne mai haɓakawa da ƙwarewar tafiya, wanda aka yanke shawara aƙalla sau ɗaya a rayuwa.