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Ya danganta da nau'in halittu, gibbons karami ne ko babba, launin gashin ukunsu shima ya dogara ne akan mazaunin da takamaiman jinsunan. A matsakaici, gibbons suna da adadin kilo 4 zuwa 13. Tsawon jikinsu na iya zama daga 45 zuwa 90 santimita.

Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) shine kawai nau'in gibbon dake da jakar ajiyar wuya.

Gibbons suna da siririn siriri, siriri, ana rarrabe su da sauran birai da yawa saboda rashin wutsiya. Wadannan firamare suna daya daga cikin masu samun ci gaba a rukuninsu.

Wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da hakora 32 a cikin bakinsu, kamar mutane. Bugu da ƙari, kasancewar II, III, bloodungiyoyin jini 'suna sanya mu' suna da alaƙa da gibbons (theungiyar I kawai ba ta cikin gibbons).

Belorussky Gibbons, ko kuma Lars (Hylobates lar).

A cikin duk nau'ikan 16 na wannan iyali, an rufe jikinsa da farin gashi. Ba tare da Jawo ba, gibbons suna da dabino kawai, fuskokin su da babban coci. Babu shakka duk gibbons suna da fatar fata. Amma ga tabarau na ulu, sau da yawa ko dai a bayyane (duhu) ko tare da ƙananan alamun alamun tabarau. Koyaya, wasu nau'in suna da fur ɗin haske.

Gashinan gibbons sun bambanta da yawa cikin tsayi: kafafun hular sun fi guntu da na baya. Af, "makamai" na waɗannan magabatan sun fi tsayi tsawon rai fiye da jiki (kusan sau biyu!), Abin da yasa suke sauƙaƙe kan hannayen hannu, suna tsaye a tsaye. Ba kamar sauran birai ba, gibbons sun fi son “tafiya madaidaiciya”, kuma koda sun kai babban tsayi (wani wuri akan bishiya).

Iri Gibbons

Iyalin Gibbon suna da samarwa 4, gami da nau'ikan 17 da aka sani da ilimin zamani.

Gibbon Azurfa (moloch Hylobates)
Gibbon kai da kai (Hylobates lar)
Gibbon Kambodiya (Hylobates pileatus)
Muhimmancin Gibbon (Hylobates muelleri)
Black-makamai Gibbon (Hylobates agilis)
Nomascus hainanus
Dwarf Gibbon (Hylobates klossii)
Whitebeard Gibbon (Hylobates albibarbis)
Hileck Yammacin (Hoolock hoolock)
Siamang sabarink (Symphalangus syndactylus)
Gibbon da aka Yanke Gabas (Nomascus nasutus)
White-crested gibbon farin ciki (Nomascus leucogenys)
Nomascus annamensis
Rawanin Cheeked da aka yiwa Gibbon (Nomascus gabriellae)
Baƙin Gibbon mai launin fata (Nomascus concolor)
Nomascus siki
Yankin Gabas (Hoolock leuconedys)

A ina ne gibbons suke zama?

Babu shakka kowane nau'in gibbons suna zaune a yankin Asiya. Kasarsu ta asali itace gandun daji na India, Malaysia, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam har ma da China. Lokacin da kake zaɓar wuraren zama, waɗannan birai sun fi son gandun daji mai daɗi. Wasu nau'in kuwa, suna tashi cikin tsaunuka, amma ba sama da mita 2000 sama da matakin teku ba.

Gibbons suna aiki ne kawai da rana. Masana ilimin kimiyya waɗanda suka yi nazari a hankali game da salon rayuwar gibbons ta Belorussian sun yanke shawara cewa waɗannan magabatan suna da iko, ba ƙasa da komai ba, don tsara ayyukan yau da kullun. A cikin shirye-shiryensu na yau da kullun akwai madaidaicin lokacin ci don ci, don shakatawa, don kula da kai da offspringa offspringan, don sadarwa tare da dangi, don bacci, da dai sauransu.

Me gibbons suke ci?

Wadannan birai sun fi son abincin shuka. Mafi yawan lokuta, sukan zabi ganyayyaki masu laushi, amma suna iya “kakar” su tare da kwayoyi, furanni ko 'ya'yan itatuwa masu dadi (ayaba, rambutans). Amma akwai gibbons na carnivorous a cikin dangi, suna ciyar da ƙwai tsuntsaye, wani lokacin har ma da kajin, kodayake galibi suna cin kwari.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: gibbons ba su san yadda za a sha ba - a cikin ma'anar kalma ta yau - za su iya sanyaya ulu kawai a hannayensu, sannan kuma tsotse shi, don haka sha danshi.

Duk gibbons halittu ne masu abin hannu. Suna son wasannin tare tare da 'yan'uwa. Gibbons da sauri mutane saba da mutane, da kuma yarda da saduwa da wasu nau'in dabbobi. Ba su da saurin zalunci ko mugunta, sabanin sanannen imani.

Amma game da zaɓin abokan, gibbons suna da alaƙa ɗaya. Sun fi son zama cikin nau'i-nau'i ko dangi (namiji, mace da zuriyarsu). Gibbons suna rayuwa cikin yanayi na kusan shekaru 25, amma da zarar wakilin wannan dangin ya rayu har zuwa shekara 50!

Haihuwar jariri a cikin gibbons abu ne da ba a taɓa faruwa ba, saboda ana haihuwar jariri sau ɗaya a cikin kowace shekara 3, ko ma shekaru 4. Iyaye masu kulawa suna kiyaye jaririn kusa da su tun farkon shekaru uku na rayuwa, duk wannan lokacin mahaifiyar tana ciyar da shi da madara.

Gibbon mai gadi

"Godiya" ga mutane, adadi mafi yawa na waɗannan dabbobin a cikin yanayin gaba ɗaya, ana tilasta su ƙaura daga mazauninsu na yau da kullun. Don haka, ba abin mamaki bane cewa wasu nau'ikan yau suna cikin Littafin Tarihi na Duniya a cikin matsayin '' haɗarin '' ko nau'in 'haɗarin'. Wasu daga cikin fitattun gibbons sune Gibbon mai dauke da makamai, Kloss Gibbon, da kuma Gibbon farin-makamai.

Kuma ba a san yadda sauran nau'ikan halittu za su iya kasancewa a cikin irin wannan yanayin ba idan mutane ba su daina yin nasara ba da mamaye kowane yanki na duniya ba don riba da ribarsu.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

Menene gibbons suke?

A cikin gibbons, gwiwowin baya suna da yawa fiye da na gaba .. Dogon hannu suna bada damar wadancan magabatan suyi saurin zuwa rassan bishiyoyi da sauri. Babban yatsan yatsun kafafan daman ya kasance a wani wuri mai nisa daga sauran yatsunsu, ta yadda hakan zai samar da kyakyawar fahimtar magana. Wadannan magabatansu suna da gajerun hancin da manyan idanu. Birai na wannan iyali suna da ingantattun jakunkuna na makogwaro, don haka suna iya yin kara.

Girman jikin gibbons ya bambanta tsakanin santimita 48-92. Wakilan dangi suna da nauyin kilo 5 zuwa 13.

Jawo mai kauri Canza launi na iya zama daga launin ruwan kasa mai haske zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. A cikin wasu gibbons, launin zai iya kusan zama fari fari, ko kuma, ta magana, baƙar fata. Amma gibbons tare da tsarkakakken fata ko furcin haske suna da matuƙar wuya. Ganin farin gibbon abu ne mai matukar wahala. Wadannan birai suna da silsilar sciatic.

A baza gibbons a duniya

Gibbons suna zaune ne a cikin yankuna na Kudu maso gabas Asia, a cikin dazuzzukan daji da ke da iyaka da Indonesia daga Indiya zuwa Indiya. A arewacin arewa maso gabashin kasar, gibbons suna zaune a cikin wasu yankuna na kasar Sin. Hakanan ana samun su a tsibiran Borneo, Sumatra da Java.

Saurari muryar gibbon

Duk waɗannan nau'ikan birai dabbobi ne da ke ƙasa da halaye, kuma halayensu iri ɗaya ne. Lokacin da birai suka mallaki kayan, suna ba da rahoton wannan ga sauran magabatan tare da babbar kukan da ake jiyo su a nisan mil da dama.

Gibbons baya gina gida don nishaɗi, wannan shine yadda suka bambanta da manyan birrai na humanoid. Wannan iyali ba shi da wutsiyoyi.

Waɗannan dabbobi masu hanzari ne waɗanda ke daɗaɗa iko cikin rawanin bishiyoyi. Suna tsalle daga reshe zuwa reshe, sun shawo kan nisan da ya kai mita 15. Zasu iya motsa wannan hanyar da sauri zuwa kilomita 55 a cikin awa daya.

Gibbons ganye ne na dabbobi.

Gibbons zai iya tsalle daga wani wuri har zuwa tsawon mita 8. Waɗannan birai suna tafiya lafiya a ƙafafu biyu, kuma a lokaci guda suna ɗaya daga cikin dabbobi masu saurin rayuwa waɗanda suke zaune a kambi na bishiyoyi.

Tunda gibbons yana tafiya da sauri tare da rassan, faduwa ba makawa. Masana sun ba da shawara cewa kowane biri ya karya kasusuwa sau da yawa a rayuwarsa.

Gibbons na manya suna zama a cikin nau'i-nau'i, tare da su ya kasance matasa har zuwa shekaru 8. Bayan haka, yara mata da maza suna barin dangi su zauna shi kaɗai na ɗan wani lokaci har sai sun sami wanda ya zaɓa ko wanda aka zaɓa. Gibbons na iya ɗaukar shekaru 2-3 zuwa neman ma'aurata.

Gibbons dabbobi ne a cikin garken da kakanninsu ke mulki.

Iyaye suna taimakon yaransu choosean yara su zaɓi wurin da ya dace don zama. Lokacin da kake da yankin ku, to ya zama mafi sauƙin ku sami abokin tarayya.

Abincin gibbons galibi ya ƙunshi abinci na shuka: ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Amma kuma magabatansu suna ciyar da kwari, qwai, da ƙananan kananzir.

Ainihin gibbons suna zaune ne a kudu maso gabashin Asiya. A da, yankin rarraba su ya yawaita, amma tasirin ɗan adam ya rage shi sosai. Kuna iya haduwa a cikin dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi, da kuma a cikin tsaudin bishiyoyi a kan tsaunin tuddai, amma ba tsayin sama da mita 2,000 ba.

Siffofin tsarin halitta na wakilan jinsin sun hada da rashin wutsiya da mafi girman tsayin goshin farko dangane da jikin mutum sama da na farkon. Godiya ga manyan dogayen makamai da babban yatsa mai kafe akan hannaye, gibbons na iya motsawa tsakanin bishiyoyi da saurin gaske, suna yawo akan rassan.

A hoto gibbons daga Intanet za ku iya samun launuka iri-iri, duk da haka, galibi ana samun wannan bambancin ta hanyar amfani da matattara da sakamako.

A rayuwa, akwai zaɓuɓɓuka masu launi iri uku - baƙi, launin toka da launin ruwan kasa. Matsakaici ya dogara da mutum mallakar wata kungiya ta musamman. Don haka, gan ƙaramin gibbon a cikin balagagge yana da girman kusan 45 cm tare da nauyin 4-5 kilogiram, ƙananan ragi sun kai girman 90 cm, bi da bi, nauyin yana ƙaruwa.

A takaice bayanin iyali

Mafi qarancin girma dabam a cikin dangi. Tsawon tsayin jiki na gibbons shine 45-90 cm.Kamar da aka saba yi shine kilogram 8 zuwa 13. Jikin gibbons yana da falala. Hannun goshi suna da girma sosai. A cikin siamangs a kan gabar gabar mahaifa, yatsun na biyu da na uku suna fantsama sosai. Akwai ƙananan coci na sciatic.

Yatsar farko na goga yana da tsayi. Akwai tsakiyar kashi a cikin wuyan hannu. Fuskar hanci yana haɓaka da kyau. Yankin Siamese yana da rawar jiki, wanda a waje an rufe shi da fatar mara gashi. Jakar ta kasance siriri ne mai siriri na hancin mucous na maƙogwaron. Lokacin da dabbar tayi kururuwa, jaka tayi kuzari cikin ƙarfi kuma tana haɓaka sauti sosai.

Abun gashi yana da kauri, launinta ya bambanta sosai daga baki ko launin ruwan kasa zuwa rawaya mai duhu, kusan kirim ko farar fata. A cikin farin gibbon farin-makamai, hannaye da kafafun su farare ne sannan fuska tana kewaye da farin gashi. A cikin gibbon launi daya, gashin kansa a saman kai tsaye a tsaye, yana zama nau'i na tsefe.

Mazaunan gandun daji mai tsananin zafi - har zuwa kusan 2400 m sama da matakin teku. Suna jagoranci rayuwa irin ta itace, da wuya su gangara duniya. Suna ciyar da yawancin abubuwa akan tsire-tsire (ganye, 'ya'yan itatuwa), amma kuma suna cin abinci iri iri da shinge (kwari, gizo-gizo, kajin da ƙwai tsuntsu). Gibbons yana tafiya tare da rassan tare da taimakon ƙarfin gwiwa. Ana ajiye su a cikin ƙananan rukuni na mutane 2-6, galibi suna wakiltar dangi daban. Cutar ciki shine kwanaki 200-212. Yawancin lokaci yana da ɗa guda a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. Balaga yana faruwa a shekaru 6-10. Sun yi zaman bauta har zuwa shekara 23.
Gibbons sun zama ruwan dare gama gari a Assam, Burma, Yunnan, a cikin Indochina Peninsula, Hainan, Tenasserim, Thailand, Tsakanin Malacca, a tsibiran Sumatra, Mentawai, Java da Kalimantan.

Waɗannan ƙananan ne, birai da aka yi wa al'ajibai, goshinsu ya fi gaban wata ƙyafa na baya, gashinsu ya yi kauri, dabino, falele, kunnuwa da fuska. Akwai ƙananan coci na sciatic. Yatsun suna da tsawo, yatsa na farko ya yi tsayayya da sauran. An rarraba shi a Indiya, Indochina, Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Malacca Peninsula. Dukkanin su arboreal ne, mazaunan gandun daji tare da yanayin halayyar motsi - brachiation: a madadin haka suna kama rassan bishiyoyi da hannayensu, suna tashi daga itaciya zuwa itaciya har zuwa mita goma sha biyar. Zasu iya tafiya a ƙasa akan ƙafa biyu, suna daidaitawa da hannuwansu. Wasu gibbons suna nuna ƙarancin jima'i a cikin canza launin gashi, alal misali, maza na gibbon mai launi iri ɗaya baki ne da na mace bege ne mara haske. Wani fasalin gibbon shine rayuwar iyali, yayin da kowane dangi yana da yankin kansa kuma yana da wani abu a cikin sauran iyalai. Ana kiran wannan halayyar "waƙoƙi" ko "mawaƙa" na gibbons, wanda ya fara waka shine, a matsayinka na doka, namiji, sannan gabaɗaya an haɗa shi. Gibbons mai tsayi - siamangs - harma suna da jakunkuna na musamman na makogwaro - resonators don sautin sauti.

Kuna iya koyon duk mahimman abubuwa game da gibbon, duba hoto na gibbon kuma koya game da rayuwar gibbons a cikin yanayi ta hanyar karanta wannan labarin game da gidan magabatansu, wanda ake kira gibbons, wanda ke da nau'ikan 17 a yau.

Yanayi da salon gibbon

A cikin rana, gibbons suna aiki sosai. Sukan yi saurin tafiya tsakanin bishiyoyi, suna birgima a kan dogon goshinsu suna tsalle daga reshe zuwa reshe har tsawon mita 3. Don haka, saurin su ya kai 15 km / h.

Birai da wuya sauka zuwa duniya. Amma, idan hakan ta faru, yanayin motsin su yana da ban tsoro - suna tsayawa akan kafafunsu kuma suna tafiya, suna daidaita matakan gaba. Ma'aurata da yawa sun yi aure tare da yaransu a yankin nasu, wanda suke kishinsu da himma.

Sanyin safiya biri gibbons hau saman itacen mafi tsayi kuma sanar da duk sauran magabata tare da babbar waƙa cewa wannan filin ya mamaye. Akwai samfurori waɗanda saboda wasu dalilai ba su da yankin da iyali. Mafi yawan lokuta waɗannan 'yan samari ne waɗanda ke barin kulawar iyaye don neman abokan rayuwa.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine idan saurayi wanda ya girma bai bar yankin iyayen sa ba don kansa, ana korar shi da karfi. Don haka, yaro saurayi zaiyi yawo a cikin daji tsawon shekaru har sai ya hadu da wanda ya zaɓa, kawai sai su tare su mamaye wani wuri kuma suyi zuriyarsu a can.

Abin lura ne cewa tsoffin mutane na wasu ƙasashe sun mamaye kuma suna kiyaye yankuna don zuriyarsu ta nan gaba, inda saurayi zai sami damar samar da mace ga rayuwa, ta riga ta mallaka, mai zaman kanta.

A cikin hoto, farin gibbon farin-hannu

Akwai bayanai game da data kasance a tsakanin farin gibbons tsayayyen tsarin yau da kullun, wanda kusan dukkanin birai ke biye ba tare da ban da su ba. Da gari ya waye, a tsakanin tsakanin awowi 5-6 na asuba, sai su farka su bar barci.

Nan da nan bayan hawan, dan takarar ya tafi mafi girman asalin garinsa don tunatar da kowa cewa yankin ba shi da aiki kuma bai kamata a tanka shi ba. Kawai sai gibbon ya zama bayan gari ya waye, yana tsaftace kansa bayan bacci, ya fara yin motsi da tashi tsaye a jikin rassan bishiyoyi.

Wannan tafarki yakan haifar da bishiyar itace, wacce biri ya riga ya zaba, wacce birni ke cin abincin karin kumallo. Ana cin abinci sannu a hankali, gibbon ya sake buɗe kowane yanki na 'ya'yan itace mai laushi. Sannan, riga da saurin gudu, dan birni ya tafi ɗayan wuraren hutu don shakatawa.

Hoto shine gibbon baki

A can ne ya yi gangara a cikin gida, yana kwance kusan ba tare da motsi ba, yana jin daɗin jin daɗi, daɗi da rayuwa gaba ɗaya. Da yake yana da hutawa, Gibbon yana kula da tsabtace mayafinsa, a haɗe shi, a hankali yake buɗe jikinsa don ci gaba zuwa abinci na gaba.

A lokaci guda, abincin rana ya rigaya ya kasance akan wata itaciya - me yasa kuke cin abinci iri ɗaya idan kuna zaune a cikin gandun daji? Firamare sun san yankin nasu da mummunan wuraren nasa da kyau. Bayan 'yan sa'o'i biyu masu zuwa sake sake amfani da' ya'yan itãcen marmari mara nauyi, yana mamaye ciki kuma, yayi nauyi, yana zuwa wurin bacci.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, hutun yini ɗaya da abinci biyu suna ɗaukar duk ranar gibbon, har zuwa mazaunin, yana zuwa gado don sanar da gundumar tare da sabunta ƙaƙƙarfan yanki cewa mamaye yanki ne mara tsoro kuma mai ƙarfi.

Kiwo da tsawon rai na gibbon

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, gibbons ma'aurata ne masu yawan gaske wanda iyayensu ke zama tare da zuriya har matasa suna shirye don ƙirƙirar iyayensu. Ganin cewa budurcin ya fara zuwa tun yana da shekaru 6-10, iyali yakan ƙunshi yara masu shekaru daban-daban da iyayensu.

Wasu lokuta ana haɗa su da tsofaffin magabata, waɗanda saboda wasu dalilai sun kasance ba kowa. Yawancin gibbons, saboda rasa abokin tarayya, ba zasu iya samun sabon ba, saboda haka suna cinye sauran rayuwarsu ba tare da ma'aurata ba. Wani lokacin wannan tsawon lokaci ne, kamar gibbons suna raye har zuwa shekaru 25-30.

Wakilan al’umma daya sun san juna, suna bacci kuma suna cin abinci tare, suna kula da juna.Girma na magada yana taimaka wa uwa ta kula da jariran. Hakanan, akan misalin manya, yara suna koyan halayen da suka dace. Wani sabon saniya ya bayyana a cikin ma'auratan kowane shekara 2-3. Nan da nan bayan haihuwa, ya rungume hannunsa cikin kugu mahaifiyarsa kuma ya riƙe ta da ƙarfi.

Gibbon farin-cheeked

Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda ko da tare da jariri a hannunta, mace tana motsawa a cikin hanyar - juyawa sosai kuma yana tsalle daga reshe zuwa reshe a babban tsayi. Namiji kuma yana kula da matasa, amma yawanci wannan damuwar tana cikin kariya da tsaron ƙasa kawai. Duk da gaskiyar cewa gibbons suna zaune a cikin gandun daji cike da masu ƙyamar hasara, yawancin mutane lalacewar waɗannan dabbobi mutane ne suka yi. Yawan cin birrai ya ragu sosai saboda raguwar yanki na wuraren zama.

An sare gandun daji kuma gibbons dole ne su bar yankunansu da suke zaune don neman sababbi, wanda hakan ba mai sauƙi ba ne. Kari akan haka, kwanannan an sami wani hali na kiyaye wadannan dabbobin a gida. Zaku iya siyan gibbon a cikin kwalliyar musamman. Farashi don gibbon ya bambanta dangane da shekara da kuma matsayin mutum.

Gibbons - dan birai, wanda a yau akwai 4 janareto, kashi biyu. Gidajen ya shimfiɗa zuwa yankuna na Kudu maso gabas Asia. Waɗannan gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da ƙasa ne daga arewa maso gabashin Indiya zuwa Indonesia. A arewa, iyaka yana iyakance ga yankunan kudu na kasar Sin. Birai ma suna zaune a tsibiran Sumatra, Java da Borneo.

Wadannan magabatan ba sa yin gida don hutawa, fiye da yadda suka bambanta da manyan birrai. Ba su da wutsiyoyi, kuma suna motsawa cikin sauri da sauri a cikin rawanin bishiyoyi. Sun yi nasara da mita 15 ta hanyar iska, suna tsalle daga reshe zuwa reshe. Haka kuma, saurin su zai kai kilomita 55 / h. Daga wani wuri suna iya yin tsalle-tsalle, tsawon sa wanda ya kai mita 8. Suna tafiya daidai a ƙafafu 2 kuma ana ɗaukarsu mafi sauri ga dukkan dabbobi masu shayarwa waɗanda ke rayuwa a rawanin bishiyoyi.

A cikin wadancan magabatan marasa wutsiya, daman ya fi tsawo da hancin hancin, wanda hakan zai basu damar motsawa cikin hanzari a cikin rawanin bishiyoyi, suna birgima a hannayensu. Babban yatsan yatsun hannun a gabansu ya na nesa da sauran yatsun kafa. Wannan yana samarda sakamako mai kyau. Gibbons suna da manyan idanu da gajeru muzzles. Jaka na abinci mai bayar da sauti mai ƙarfi ana haɓaka shi da kyau.

Tsawon jikin mutum ya banbanta daga 48 zuwa 92 cm.Haka nauyi daga 5 zuwa 13 kg. Akwai corns sciatic. Jawo mai kauri A cikin nau'ikan daban-daban, launi ya bambanta daga launin ruwan kasa mai duhu zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai haske. Wasu lokuta launin ya kusan baki ko haske launin toka. Tsarkakakken launuka masu launin fari da fari sune ke da wuya. Abu ne mai matukar wahala ka ga farin biri.

Sake buguwa da tsammanin rayuwa

Wadannan magabatansu suna daga nau'i biyu. Yawancin lokaci, sau ɗaya kowace shekara 3, mace na haihuwar 'ya'ya. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, an haifi guda ɗaya. Tagwaye suna da matuƙar wuya. Nan da nan jariri ya manne wa gashin mahaifiya, kuma ta motsa tare da shi. Ciyar da Milk yana tsawon shekaru 2. Balagagge yakan faru ne yana da shekara 8. A cikin daji, gibbons suna rayuwa a matsakaicin shekaru 25. Zoos na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 50. Abu sananne ne cewa birai suna zama nau'i biyu na tausayawa, kamar yadda mutane sukeyi. Saboda haka, a cikin wuraren kiwon dabbobi, wani lokacin ba shi yiwuwa a tilasta wa namiji ko mace su aura, tunda ba sa jin kowane ɗayan.

Halayya da Abinci

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, dangin sun hada da 4 janareto. shi real gibbon, siamang, nomascus da hulok . Consideredabilar farko da nomascus ana ɗauka sun fi yawa. A cikinsu akwai nau'ikan 7. Siamangs ɗaya ne kawai ya wakilta, kuma huloks biyu. Halin halaye na birai sun hadu. Duk waɗannan dabbobi ƙasa ne. Gaskiyar cewa kayan suna aiki tare da babban kuka. Ana iya jiyo shi da nisan mil da dama.

Birai da sauri suna motsawa tsakanin rassan, amma wani lokacin sukan fashe ko kuma hannu yana zamewa. Sabili da haka, masana sunyi imani cewa kowane ɗayan dangi yana karya kasusuwa sau da yawa yayin rayuwarsa. Birai maza suna zaune a cikin nau'i-nau'i, kuma matasa suna zama tare da iyayensu har zuwa shekaru 8. Saannan samari da 'yan mata suka tafi kuma wani dan lokaci suke zama shi kaxai har sai sun sami wanda zai aura. Wasu lokuta ana ɗaukar shekaru 2-3 don samun abokin tarayya. Iyaye koyaushe suna taimaka wa cubs yanke shawara game da mazauninsu. Idan akwai guda, to ya zama mafi sauƙin samu aboki ko abokin zama a rayuwa.

Abinci mai gina jiki galibi ya ƙunshi abinci na shuka. Waɗannan 'ya'yan itace ne da ganyayyaki iri-iri. Hakanan ana cin ƙwai na tsuntsaye, ƙananan rago, kwari. Yawancin nau'ikan suna cikin jerin littafi kuma suna cikin haɗari. Babban dalilin wannan shine rashi yankin daji. Wato, an lalata mazaunin mutane, wanda ke haifar da raguwa adadi.

Kadai apan Adam da ke rayuwa a cikin iyalai masu aure.
Haraji

Haraji

Sunan Rasha - Gibbon baƙar fata, mai saurin gibbon
Sunan Latin - Hylobates agilis
Sunan Turanci - Agile gibbo
Class - Dabbobin ruwa (Mammalia)
Kamewa - Primates
Iyali - Gibbon, ko karamin birrai (Hylobatidae)
Kyau - Gibbons na gaske

Bayyanar

Gibbons sune tsoffin birai marasa wutsiya, sun kasance siriri da birai masu alheri, suna da dogon hannu da kafafu, kawaye mai kauri. Siffar halayyar dukkan gibbons shine tsawon kwancen kafafu: hannayensu sun fi tsawon kafafunsu kyau. Wannan yana basu damar amfani da yanayin motsi na musamman da ake kira brachiation. Brachiation motsi ne a cikin rawanin bishiyoyi na musamman tare da taimakon hannaye, lokacin da dabbar ta jefa jikin ta daga reshe zuwa reshe, kamar yadda itacen Acrobat yake. A wata gabar mahaifa, wadannan dabbobin suna tafiya ne sosai a doron kasa da kuma rassan rassan, kuma suna yin hakan a gaban duk wani tallafin da ya dace wanda zaku iya rike shi.

Gibbons sune manyan birai, tsawon jikin daga 45 zuwa - 64 cm, tare da taro mai kusan kilo 6. Ba kamar manyan birrai ba, waɗanda ke haifar da bambancin jima'i a cikin girman jiki, mata da maza na gibbons kusan basu bambanta da girma.

Launin rigan a cikin alƙalumma daban-daban ne, amma iri ɗaya ne ga mata da maza a cikin kowane ɗayan jama'a. Yawancin lokaci haske launin ruwan kasa ne da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa, ja-launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa, baki. Maza suna da farin cheeks da gira, mata suna da launin ruwan kasa. Launin rigar, musamman fuskar, yana sanya sauƙi a rarrabe wasu nau'ikan gibbons, kuma a wasu halaye suna tantance jinsi.

Matsa cikin rawanin bishiyoyi tare da taimakon hannaye

Rayuwa da halayyar zaman jama'a

Gibbons dabbobi ne na rana. Suna tafiya tare da rassan bishiyoyi ta amfani da brachi, suna tafiya akan ƙasa a ƙafafunsu, yayin da waɗannan birai suna ɗaga hannayensu na tsayi a ɓangarorin kuma sama don tabbatar da daidaito.

Gibbons suna da aure. Ma'aurata da suka manyanta tare da yara yawanci suna mamaye ƙaramin yankuna da ke basu kariya. Familyungiyar iyali ta ƙunshi ma'aurata masu shayarwa da 1-2a 1-2an 1-2. Lokacin da dabbobin da suka girma suka bar rukunin iyayensu yayin shekaru 2-3, suna zaune shi kaɗai na ɗan lokaci har sai sun sami abokin tarayya kuma suka mamaye yankinsu.

Dukkanin gibbons suna da cikakken yan ƙasa, wato, suna da mutum ko yanki na yanki wanda ke ba da kariya ga mamayewar wasu mutane. Matsakaicin yanki na yankin iyali shine kimanin kadada 34. Ana kiran iyakar ƙasar wannan gibbons ta hanyar “waƙa,” ana jin sa tsawon mil da yawa.

Matasa gibbons sun girma tun yana da shekaru shida, a lokaci guda abokan aiki masu aiki sun fara - abokantaka ko m - tare da takwarorinsu maza da mata. Rikice-rikice tare da mazan manya suna taimaka wa dabbobin matasa matasa su ware daga kungiyar. Wannan yana faruwa lokacin yana kimanin shekara 8. Maza matasa ba sa hulɗa tare da mazan manya kwata-kwata. Youngan samari galibi suna rera waka kaɗai, suna ƙoƙarin jawo hankalin macen da suke nema, suna yawo cikin daji. Koyaya, yayan maza da mata na iya zama tare da iyayensu na dogon lokaci.

Sake haifuwa da halayyar iyaye

Sake bugun ba na lokaci bane. Bayan kwanakin 230-240 na ciki, haihuwar guda ɗaya ce. A cikin ma'aurata da suka manyanta, maraƙi ɗaya yawanci ana haihuwar kowace shekara 2-3, sabili da haka, a matsayin mai mulkin, dabbobi 2 zuwa 4 masu haɓaka suna cikin ƙungiyar iyali.

Daga mintina na farko na rayuwa, ɗan maraƙin yana riƙe uwa da ƙarfi kuma baya barin gashinta koda kuwa da sauri ta fado daga reshe zuwa reshe. A wata 1.5 - 2, dan ya kan gangaro daga mace yayin hutawa kuma yana bacci kusa da ita. Jariri ya shayar da mahaifiyar har tsawon watanni 6 zuwa 8, sannan a hankali ya fara ɗanɗano abincin manya, amma a lokaci guda yana ci gaba da tsotse mahaifiyar. A watanni 10-11, ya canza zuwa abincin da ya girma kuma baya rike mahaifiyarsa.

Namiji baya shiga haihuwa.

Vocalization

Mafi kyawun yanayin halayen jama'a masu karfi na gibbons shine raye-raye. Mafi yawan lokuta, mazan da suka manyanta suna waka, amma matasa matasa, idan suka kware kan aikin zamantakewar su, suma suna shiga mawaƙa. Waƙoƙin Gibbon wataƙila sautunan ban mamaki waɗanda za a iya jinsu a cikin dazuzzukan daji na Asiya. Ana yin waƙoƙin rikice-rikice ta maza da mata, a zaune a saman bishiyoyi, ana jin waɗannan sautuna a cikin gandun nesa nesa da dama kilomita. Abin sha'awa, mata da maza suna raira waƙoƙi daban-daban.

Yawancin saurayin namiji yakan iya jinsa ne kafin fitowar rana, yana ƙare da alfijir. Waƙar yana farawa da jerin abubuwa masu sauƙi masu taushi, a hankali suna haɓakawa zuwa jerin sautuka masu daɗaɗawa da ƙarfi. Karshen sashi na waƙar ya ninka tsawon kashi ɗaya kuma ya ƙunshi kusan sau biyu. Irin wannan waƙoƙin na iya wuce minti 30-40.

Menene aikin waƙoƙin gibbon? Da farko dai, fadakarwa ne ga sauran membobin kungiyar game da inda suke. Intensarfin mawaƙa na maza ya dogara da yawan adadi a cikin yawan jama'a, da kuma yawan samari maza da ke neman abokan tarayya. Yawancin masana likitan dabbobi sun yi imanin cewa babbar manufar waka ita ce kare budurwarsu daga ayyukan maza masu aure. Maza a cikin iyali suna rera wakoki sau da yawa, fiye da maza masu aure waɗanda ke barazanar kyautata rayuwar iyali. A waɗancan wuraren da adadin maza masu yawan gaske suke, mazajen gida ba sa raira waƙa ko kaɗan.

Tarihin Rayuwa a Zoo

Ana kiyaye gibbons masu baƙar fata a Zoo na Moscow tun cikin 1998. Ana aiwatar da aikinsu don kiyayewa da shayarwa a zaman wani ɓangare na Panungiyar Turai don ervationarfafa da Ciyar da reabilar Rare da anarancin Hadari (EEP).

Kafin haka, muna da wasu youngan matasa biyu masu ƙara girman magana da manyan gibbons (Hylobates concolor). Amma kyawawan waƙoƙinsu da murya mai ƙarfi ba sa son ɓangaren mazaunan gidajen da ke kewaye. Suna barazanar rayuwa da lafiyar dabbobinmu. Saboda haka, an aika da baƙin gibbons zuwa cibiyar International Gibbon Centre da ke California.

Gibbons a cikin gidan zoo na karɓar fruitsa fruitsan 'ya'yan itace, kayan marmari, rassan kore, qwai, cuku gida.

Za'a iya ganin gibbon mai dauke da makamai a cikin babban tango na Birai.

A cikin hoto na Oscar Sanicidro, mun ga kurmi mai bushe, busasshiyar ƙasa a cikin Yankin Iberian miliyan 11.6 da suka wuce (rabin na biyu). Yana zaune a kan reshe - kawai aka maye gurbinsu a cikin Miocene. Halicoterias kuje ƙarƙashin gandun daji Fannin Ganyayyaki masu salama, marasa saurin sauka, suna kama da doki mai nauyi akan burbushin gorilla, kawai maimakon yatsun yatsun kamar tururuwa - suna jingina rassan bishiya zuwa ƙasa. Kuma a hoto na gaba zaka iya ganin giwa-kamar deinotherium Deinotherium giganteum - mafi girma mace mai sushi bayan indricoteria:

Samun 4-4.5 a tsayi, deinotherium yana da lafiyayyen juji fiye da giwayen, wuyan hannu da guntun gajeru da gaɓar rauni, ƙwaƙƙwaran haɓakar sa kuma sun girma daga ƙananan, ba saman muƙamuƙi ba. A cikin rabin abubuwan da basu nuna alamun rashin hankali ba - watakila ya yi amfani da daskararru ne kawai don ya karya rassan bishiya, sannan a hankali ya ci ganye - yana hukunci da hakora, ya ci abinci mafi ƙanƙanci fiye da giwayen zamani - masu cin reshe, amma yanayinsa bai yarda ba. zargin deinotherium a cikin ciyawar ciyawa ko cin gyada. A cikin ilimin halittar jikinsa, an kiyaye fasalin magabata na daya da giwaye da manatees.

Zuwa hagu na deinotherium, za a kashe ciyayi mai kyau Altususus altus , a hagu da kuma kasa daga gare shi akwai barewa da ke ɓoye a bayan bishiyoyi a bayyane Ecrox furcatus , tunawa da wani dutsen na zamani, da kuma ƙasa, akan log - wata dabba mai ƙaddara Albarkacin albanense daga dangin Marten. A ƙarshen hannun ƙarshen log ɗin, ɗan ƙaramin naman musk ya kasance mai faɗakarwa. Micromeryx da alade da ke ƙasa Listriodon yalwaci . Mafi mai hankali zai iya samun damar yin amfani da karkashin kunkuru na dukiya mai iyaka. Ean ƙaramar gaggafa tana hawa sama Aquila edwardsi kuma a reshen da ke ƙasa zuwa ga hannun dama yana zaune faranti na ƙarshe. Duk waɗannan dabbobin sun bambanta da na zamani, nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa kuma suna haifar da sama da waɗannan nau'in kuma suna haifar da bambanta da juna: a cikin Miocene (ana ɗauka farkon farkon zamaninmu na Neogene) akwai wasu dabbobi da tuni za mu iya sauƙaƙe da kuma daidaita su azaman aladu. , raƙuma, jerboas - don mafi yawan abin da ya kasance wani aladu da jerboas.

Firamare ba banbance ba - babu wani ɗan adam a duniya tukuna, amma magabatan firamare sun wanzu. A cikin ɓoyewar yanar gizon da ke wannan kurmi, a cikin ragowar halittun da aka nuna a saman hotuna, an samo ƙasusuwan biri da ke auna cat, suna hade da alamun hominids da gibbons. An kira binciken Pliobates cataloniae , kuma sunanta Eulalia don girmama tsarkaka na Barcelona.

A'a, Marigayi Eulalia ba asalin kakanninmu bane tare da gibbons - a wannan lokacin an raba layinmu na dogon lokaci, kuma wani wuri a Afirka, tsarkakakken hominins suna sannu a hankali suna ficewa daga dabino. Maimakon haka, abu ne wanda ya rayu a ƙarshen duniya, a nesa da yamma na Eurasia, ɗan da aka ɗan canza asalin wannan magabata na yau da kullun, yana bamu damar fahimtar menene. Duk da mosaic na kayan jikin mutum na ciki, waje da kuma, ga alama, eyoliyo plyobate, Eulalia ya kasance kamar gibbons, dukda cewa ba kwararru bane - hannayenta basu da iko da karfi (a cikin gibbons sau biyu muddin jikin), kuma hannayen ba don haka elongated. Gibbon zamani yana iya haɗu ta bishiyoyi a saurin kilomita 50 / h, tsalle tsinkinsa goma, magabatanmu dayake yin hakan a hankali kuma ba haka ba adroitly. Da kyau, muddin mun tafi daga matsanancin kamun kifi zuwa iPhone, gibbons din ba ya rasa lokaci ko inganta a cikin kwarewar brachi - wannan shine sunan wannan hanyar motsi a hannu a karkashin rassa - kuma gaba daya a cikin gibbonism.

Kuma ya kamata mu kalli waɗannan ingantattun gibbons na makoma mai zuwa, daga yanayin Eulalia, kamar yadda muka riga muka duba, da birai - don ɗan ɗanɗana buɗe mayafin abin da ya gabata kuma, wataƙila, fahimtar wani abu game da kanmu.

Don haka, gibbons. Kazalika huloks da nomascuses. Mafi mahimmancin birrai. Treewararrun bishiyoyi na musamman, abin ban mamaki ne ga yadda suke motsawa, waɗanda ba a samun su a cikin sauran dabbobi - a ƙarƙashin rassan tare da taimakon hannu ɗaya bisa ga ka'idodin abin da aka yi amfani da shi. Daga kakanninmu na yau da kullun mun sami kafadu kafada mai ban mamaki tare da cikakken digiri uku na 'yanci da juyawa.

Kuma kuma - taɓa madaidaiciya hali. Tsawon hannayen gibbon yayi da cewa basa iya motsawa ta jiki ta dukkan fuskoki hudu - koda a madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya, tafukan hannayen su. Don haka, akan ƙasa suna tafiya akan kafafu biyu, suna daidaitawa tare da hannayensu, kamar kirin da yake tafiya da katako. Haka kuma za su iya tafiya tare da reshe a kwance.Hominids waɗanda suka sauko zuwa ƙasa - chimpanzees, gorillas - waɗanda hannayensu suka yi guntu, ba sa buƙatar irin wannan saƙar, amma har yanzu suna jin kwarin gwiwa akan kafafu biyu fiye da ma'adinan. Madaidaiciya bai buƙatar sake shirya tsarin musculoskeletal daga kakanninmu ba.

A zamanin yau, duk gibbons suna zaune a cikin gandun daji na Kudancin da Kudu maso Gabas Asiya, waɗanda suke ƙarami daga shekara zuwa shekara, daga kanana zuwa kananzir zuwa kilomita biyu sama da matakin teku, kuma suna kanana - daga kilo 4 zuwa 8.5 a cikin jinsuna daban. Rassan sun fara lalacewa a karkashin manyan birai, kuma dole ne su tashi daga tsalle-tsalle don yin hawan hankali ko hawa lokaci a ƙasa - a farkon lamari, juyin halitta ya haifar ta atomatik zuwa orangutan, a karo na biyu - zuwa chimpanzee.

Ba sa yin sauro a ciki, a maimakon haka, sun san yadda za su sha iska mai daɗi yayin da suke zaune a kan rassa. Mun kuma gaji wannan damar - mutum na iya yin bacci kuma baya faduwa, yana zaune akan bishiya. Kuma hatta mu da bamu taɓa hawa bishiya ba a rayuwarmu yawanci ba firgita ba ne game da begen yin kwana a kan wani shinge na sama da ba a rufe ba a cikin karusan jirgin.

Hakanan ga mutane, hakora 32 na gibbons suna da II, III, IV kungiyoyin jini, amma babu I. Fatar duk gibbons baƙar fata ce, amma gashi, sabanin yawancin magabata, maza da mata na wannan nau'in na iya zama launuka daban-daban.

Gibbons ba shi da lokacin kiwo kamar haka, mace na iya yin sihiri ta kowane lokaci na shekara, amma ba ta tara gasa ta hanyar lalata tare da gwagwarmaya tsakanin maza a wannan lokacin, a maimakon haka, yanayi ya ba wa gibbons ƙauna: suna zaɓar mata da miji. Namiji da mace a cikin gidan zoo, wadanda ba sa son juna kuma an hana su zaɓin, na iya zama abokai har abada ba tare da barin zuriya ba.

Gibbons, masu son junan su, sukan zama ma'aurata tsawon rai, kuma suna rayuwa cikin yanayi na shekaru ashirin da biyar, kuma a gidan zu suna iya kaiwa ga bikin shekaru arba'in. Gibbon mace na haihuwa kowace shekara biyu zuwa uku. A duk rayuwarta, da wuya ta haihu sama da sau goma.

Cutar ciki tana kusan wata bakwai, shekara ɗaya ko biyu jariri yana ciyar da madara, sannan ya girma har tsawon shekara shida zuwa bakwai yana rayuwa tare da iyayen sa har zuwa lokacin balaga sannan kuma bayan ya kai ga barin nasa yana neman abokin zama da matsayin sa a rayuwa. Don haka a cikin iyali a lokaci guda yawanci shekara biyu ko uku masu shekaru daban-daban, tsofaffi suna taimaka wa kula da matasa. Iyalin dangi suna kula da juna: suna goge bakin su, suna sumbata, suna kawo abinci ga tsofaffi - yana faruwa ne cewa an bugi maigidan dattijo ga dangi, a matsayin mai mulkin, bazawara ko bazawara wacce ba ta sami sabon abokin rayuwa ba, ba ta kore shi ba.

Jariri koyaushe ana haihuwar shi shi kadai kuma daga farkon lokacin rayuwa yana manne da kugu ga kugu, kusan ba tare da iyakance motsi ba. Tare da irin wannan nauyin, mace tayi tsalle mai ban sha'awa. Tun daga wata takwas da haihuwa, mahaifinsa ya fara karatu tare da shi, yana koyar da motsi mai zaman kansa, sannan sauran dabaru na rayuwar biri. Yawancin lokaci iyayen da suka girma gibbonchik pre-post a gare shi wani yanki na kusa da gandun daji. Idan magabatan ba su magance matsalar gida don matasa ba - duk makwabta na makwabta suna mamaye - ya bar dangi ya balaga kuma zai iya yawo cikin gandun daji na shekaru, tare da hada gwiwa da matasa marassa lafiya har sai da ya hadu da kaunarsa kuma ya zaunar da ita a kan wani shiri na kyauta.

Gibbons suna da kirki da rashin rikice-rikice, a cikin zaman talala cikin sauƙi suna hulɗa da wakilan wasu nau'in, da sauri mutum ya saba da shi kuma yana iya dame tare da wasannin motsa jiki, amma ba tashin hankali ba.

Yawancin rikice-rikicen da ke tsakanin su sun sauka ne don kare iyakokin makircin dangi, amma anan ma, gibbons sun gwammace kada suyi fada kuma ba su yiwa juna barazana ba, kawai don ayyana hakkokin su ta waka. Gibbons ba hayaniya, ba sa hayaniya - suna raira waƙar mutum a cikin sautikan tsarkakakke, amma ba tare da kalmomi ba. Anatomom, suna sarrafa muryarsu kamar yadda mawaƙa mutane suke.

Gabaɗaya, gibbons manyan masoya ne na waƙar: kaɗai, a cikin duet, a cikin mawaƙa. Kowace safiya, gibbon iyali suna haɗuwa koyaushe tare da ƙwayar cuta, mutum ga kowane iyali, sannan kawai sai a nemi abinci. Gsungiyoyin matasa na bachelors suna shirya kide kide tare don jawo abokai. Ma'aurata masu ƙauna sun sami dangi bayan doguwar wasannin tare da ladabi.

Kowane gibbons suna ƙirƙirar waƙa ce ta musamman, wacce suke rera tare. An yi karar lokacin da wata mace gibbon farin-makamai a cikin gandun daji na Kudu maso gabashin Thailand bayan mutuwar namiji har tsawon watanni shida ba ta wuce sashinta na safe ba (yana ɗaukar kimanin minti 20), amma har ma da namiji, yawanci yana farawa a ƙarshen ƙarshen ɓangaren mace na waƙoƙi.

Baya ga da'awar ƙasa, waƙoƙin gibbon suna sadarwar sadarwa: birai masu jagoranci ga rayuwar da suke zama kamar keɓantacciyar hanya koyaushe suna hulɗa tare da dangin da ke rayuwa kilomita biyu daga gare su. Cikakken sadarwa - gibbons suna amfani da hadadden nau'ikan hadaddun sautuka, hade cikin jumloli duka don aikawa da dangin sakonnin da ma'ana daban, alal misali, gargadi game da haɗari. Labarin bayyanar manyan itacen goro, macizai ko na tsuntsayen da ke cinye abubuwa daban. Da farko dai, ana yin gargadin ne don dangi, amma gibbons a cikin makwaftan yankin suma sun amsa musu, suna bayar da tabbaci game da salon "gane: irin wannan magabaci" da kuma yada shi gaba, suna samar da sarkar watsa bayanai. Saƙonni sun ƙunshi bayanai ba kawai game da gaskiyar bayyanar maƙiyin da game da shi ba, har ma daga wane gefe yake motsawa.

Gibbons cikin sauki ya tsere daga masu dabaibaye, babban abin da za'a lura dashi cikin lokaci. Babban haɗarin yana barazanar da su daga sama - daga tsuntsaye masu farauta - da lokacin barci daga macizai da damisa. Kawai nauyi da saukowa daga bishiyoyi zuwa doron ƙasa, Africanan Afirka (wato na Afirka - orangutan ta hanyar rayuwa ta fuskoki da yawa ya kasance gibbon haɓaka) guguwar tilastawa ta ƙara girman, tashin hankali da ƙarfi, don haɗuwa cikin rukunin iya aiki da tsayayya abokan gaba gaba ɗaya. , wanda ke nufin canza daidaiton iyali da rashin kulawa zuwa gawurtaccen tsarin zamantakewa tare da matsayi da duk abin da ya kasance sakamakon wannan. A karkashin “bakin sanannen shafi na al'adu” cikin mutum ya ta'allaka ba biri daya ba, amma dayawa daban daban.

Jin jin tsoro, yaudara, zalunci, ƙaunar iko, kwanciyar hankali - duk waɗannan sun same mu ne daga magabatan da suka gabata, kuma idan ba tare da waɗannan halayen mu jinsunanmu da na yanzu ba za su rayu ba, kuma ba za mu zama waɗanda muke ba - mutane. Amma a lokaci guda, ƙauna da aminci, girmama juna da jawo hankali ga kide kide, buƙatun 'yanci da sararin samaniya ba sune abubuwan kirkirar zamani ba, sun fi asali da na halitta. Don haka menene muke a can? Mu duka biyu, kuma mafi :)

Kayan kwanannan a wannan bangare:

Wataƙila mawuyacin hali ne ga mutumin birni na zamani ya yi tunanin cewa a cikin Arewa ta Arewa akwai peoplesa livean mutane da suka kiyaye tsoffin zuriyarsu har zuwa yau.

Beluga shine mafi girma kifi na dangin Sturgeon, suna zaune a cikin tekun Caspian, Black da Azov kuma suna kira ga tsiyaye a cikin kogunan da ke kusa. A.

Kyautar wani mai siye da siye daga budurwa budurwa Vangelia Pandeva Gushterova, nee Dimitrova, daga baya mai suna Vanga, an nuna shi sosai.

Duk labaran da ke shafin yanar gizan don dalilai ne na bayanai kawai.

Gibbon

Gibbon - Wannan wani siriri ne, mai kyan gani da wayo daga zuriyar Gibbon. Iyalin sun haɗu da kusan nau'ikan halittar 16. Kowannensu ya bambanta da mazauninsa, ɗabi'ar abinci, da yanayinsa. Wannan nau'in biri yana da ban sha'awa sosai don kallo, saboda suna wasa da dabbobi masu ban dariya. Wani fasali na gibbons shine kyautatawa, ba kawai dangane da danginsu ba, har ma dangane da wakilan wasu nau'in dabbobi, ga mutane. Abin lura ne cewa fifikon yana nuna shirye don sadarwa da abokantaka ta hanyar buɗe bakin da kuma buɗe sasanninta. Don haka, abin kirkirar murmushin maraba ne aka halitta.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Gibbons suna cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe, dabbobi masu shayarwa, wata ƙungiya ta firamare, da Gibbon subfamily ana sanya su ga aji. Zuwa yau, asalin gibbons an karanci masana kimiyya ne idan aka kwatanta su da asalin halittar jinsunan birrai.

Gano burbushin da suke akwai sun nuna cewa sun wanzu a lokacin Pliocene. Tsohon magabacin gibbons na zamani shine yuanmopithecus, wanda ya kasance a kudancin China kusan shekaru miliyan 7 da suka gabata. Tare da waɗannan magabatan suna da haɗin kai ta hanyar bayyanar da salon rayuwa. Ya kamata a sani cewa tsarin muƙamula bai canza da yawa ba a cikin gibbons na zamani.

Ina ne gibbon ke zaune?

Hoto: Gibbon a yanayi

Daban-daban wakilan wannan nau'in suna da mazauninsu:

Gibbons na iya jin dadi sosai a kusan kowane yanki. Mafi yawan alumma suna zama ne a cikin saurukan ruwa na wurare masu zafi. Za a iya rayuwa bushe gandun daji. Iyalan magabatanta suna zaune a kwarin, tuddai ko tuddai. Akwai alƙalumman da zasu iya tashi zuwa mita 2000 sama da matakin teku.

Kowane gidan magabata sun mamaye wani yanki. Yankin da dangi ya mallaka zai iya kaiwa murabba'in kilomita 200. Abin takaici, kafin mazaunin gibbons ya kasance mafi fadi. A yau, likitocin dabbobi sun lura da yadda aka kumbura na shekara-shekara na rarraba takaddun magabata. Abinda ake buƙata don aikin al'ada na magabata shine kasancewar bishiyoyi masu tsayi.

Yanzu kun san inda gibbon ke zaune. Bari mu ga abin da ya ci.

Menene gibbon ke ci?

Hoto: biri Gibbon

Ana iya kiran gibbons cikin lafiya, yadda suke ciyar da abinci na shuka da asalin dabbobi. A hankali suna nazarin yankin da aka mamaye don abincin da ya dace. Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa suna rayuwa a rawanin gandun daji, suna iya samarwa kansu abinci duk shekara. A irin waɗannan wuraren, birai na iya samun abincinsu kusan duk shekara.

Baya ga berries da 'ya'yan itatuwa cikakke, dabbobi suna buƙatar tushen furotin - abincin asalin dabbobi. Kamar yadda abincin asalin dabba yake, gibbons suna cin larvae, kwari, gwoza, da sauransu. A wasu halayen, suna iya ciyar da ƙwayayen ƙwai, wanda ke yin shimfidar a cikin rawanin bishiyoyin da birai suke rayuwa.

Manya sukan fita neman abinci da safe bayan asuba bayan asuba. Bawai kawai suke cin ciyawar kore ba ko kuma ɗiban 'ya'yan itace, suna rarrabe su a hankali. Idan har yanzu 'ya'yan itacen ba su yi toho ba, sai gibbons ɗin ya bar shi a bishiyar, ya bar shi ya yi' ya'yan itace da 'ya'yan itace 'Ya'yan itace da ganyen biri suna tsinkaye su.

A matsakaici, aƙalla aƙalla awa 3-4 kowace rana ana keɓance su don neman abinci da abinci. Birai sukan yi hankali ba kawai zaɓi 'ya'yan itatuwa ba, har ma suna tauna abinci. A matsakaici, ɗayan ya buƙaci kilogram na abinci 3-4 a rana.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Gibbons sune alamun farko. A dare, galibi suna hutawa, suna kwanciya barci mai nauyi a rawanin bishi tare da iyalin gaba daya.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Dabbobi suna da takamaiman tsari na yau da kullun. Sun sami damar rarraba lokacin su ta hanyar da zai iya sauka kan abinci, hutawa, suturta junan su, 'ya'yan ango, da sauransu.

Wannan nau'in rigakafin za'a iya aminta da katako. Da wuya su yi tawaya a doron ƙasa. '' Forelimbs 'ya sa ya yiwu ya juya sosai kuma ya tashi daga reshe zuwa reshe. Tsawon irin waɗannan tsalle-tsalle ya kai mita uku ko fiye. Don haka, saurin motsin birai ya zama kilomita 14-16 a awa daya.

Kowane iyali suna zaune a wani yanki, wanda membobin sa ke kishin su. Da gari ya waye, gibbons ya tashi sama a kan bishiya yana rera waƙoƙin ƙaho, wanda alama ce ta gaskiyar cewa an riga an mamaye wannan ƙasa, kuma ba shi da kyau a rufe ta. Bayan sun ɗaga, dabbobi sun sanya kansu cikin tsari, suna yin matakan wanka.

Tare da banbancin da ba a saba da su ba, ana iya ɗaukar mutane guda ɗaya cikin dangi, wanda saboda wasu dalilai sun rasa rabin su na biyu, kuma maturea maturean da suka manyanta suna rabuwa da haifar da nasu iyayen. A waɗannan halayen lokacin da, a farkon balaga, matasa matasa ba su bar dangi ba, tsofaffi sukan kori su da ƙarfi. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa galibi iyayen da suka manyanta sukan mamaye wasu wurare inda yaransu suka zauna, daga baya suka samar da iyalai.

Bayan an gamsu da magabatan, suna farin cikin tafiya hutu zuwa wuraren da suka fi so. A can za su iya yin bacci marasa motsi na awanni, suna shiga cikin rana. Bayan sun ci abinci da hutawa, dabbobi suna fara tsabtace gashinsu, wanda suke cin lokaci mai yawa.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Gibbon Cub

Ta hanyar dabi'arsu, gibbons suna da yawa. Kuma abu ne na yau da kullun don ƙirƙirar ma'aurata da rayuwa a cikinsu yawancin rayuwarsu. An dauke su iyaye masu kulawa da kulawa da girma kuma suna renon yaransu har zuwa lokacin balagarsu, kuma ba a shirye suke da kirkirar dangin nasu ba.

Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa gibbons sun isa samari a cikin matsakaici a lokacin da suke shekaru 5 zuwa 9, danginsu suna da mutane daban-daban na maza da mata daban daban. A wasu halaye, birai tsofaffi, waɗanda saboda wasu dalilai aka bar su kadai, na iya shiga cikin irin waɗannan iyalai.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Mafi yawan lokuta, magabatanta ba sa rayuwa saboda gaskiya saboda wasu dalilai sun rasa abokan aikin su, kuma nan gaba ba za su iya samar da wani sabo ba.

Ba a tsara lokacin matal din ga wani takamaiman lokacin shekara ba. Namiji, wanda ya kai shekaru 7-9, ya zabi mace wacce aka zaba daga wani dangi, kuma zai fara nuna alamun kulawa a gareta. Idan kuma ya tausaya mata, kuma ta kasance a shirye don haihuwa, sai su haifar da ma'aurata.

A cikin nau'ikan da aka kirkira, kowane shekaru biyu zuwa uku, ana haihuwar ɗaya ɗaya. Lokacin haila yana kimanin watanni bakwai. Lokacin ciyar da jarirai tare da madara ya ci gaba har zuwa kusan shekaru biyu. Sannan a hankali yaran sunsan yadda zasu sami nasu abincin.

Primates iyaye ne masu matukar kulawa. Haɓaka zuriya suna taimaka wa iyaye su kula da theira bornansu na gaba har zuwa lokacin da zasu sami 'yanci. Nan da nan bayan haihuwa, jariran sun manne wa mahaifiyar kuma suka yi gaba tare da saman bishiyoyin da shi. Iyaye suna tattaunawa da yaransu ta hanyar sauti da siginar gani. Matsakaicin rayuwar gibbons yana daga shekaru 24 zuwa 30.

Abokan halitta na gibbon

Hoto: Dattijon Gibbon

Duk da cewa gibbons suna da wayo da sauri, kuma ta hanyar dabi'a an basu ikon iyawa da sauri kuma suna hawa saman bishiyoyi masu tsayi, har yanzu basu kasance ba tare da makiya ba. Wasu mutanen da ke rayuwa a cikin yanayin gado na kashe su saboda abinci ko don dangin zuriyarsu. A kowace shekara, adadin masu bautar da ke farautar ƙwayoyin Gibbon suna ƙaruwa.

Wani babban dalilin rage yawan dabbobi shine lalata mazauninsu na asali. An sare wuraren yankuna na damuna saboda dalilin shuka, filin noma, da dai sauransu. Saboda wannan, dabbobi sun rasa gida da tushen abinci. Baya ga duk waɗannan abubuwan, gibbons suna da maƙiyan halitta da yawa.

Wadanda suka fi fama da rikice-rikice sune 'yan cubs kuma ko tsoffin mutane ba su da lafiya. Yawancin lokaci magabatan na iya zama mutanen da ke da haɗari ko gizo-gizo ko kuma macizai, waɗanda suke da girma a wasu wurare na cancantar. A wasu yankuna, sanadin mutuwar gibbons wani canji ne mai sauƙin yanayi.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Hoto: Yaya gibbon yayi kama?

Zuwa yau, galibi mafi yawan wannan dangi suna zaune yankuna mazaunin yankuna ne mai wadatacce. Koyaya, ana zaton Gibbons na Belorus ya kasance yana gab da hallakawa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa an cinye waɗannan dabbobin a ƙasashe da yawa. Gibbons sau da yawa sun zama ganima ga mafi girma da kuma mafi tsufa mahara.

Yawancin kabilu da ke zaune a yankin Afirka suna amfani da gabobin jiki daban-daban da sassan jikin gibbons a matsayin kayan abinci, wanda akan yi magunguna iri daban daban. Musamman ma babbar tambaya ita ce ta kula da yawan ire-iren wadannan dabbobin a kudu maso gabashin Asiya.

A shekara ta 1975, likitocin dabbobi sun yi jerin gwanon waɗannan dabbobi A waccan lokacin, lambar su kusan miliyan 4 ne. Kazantar dazuka gandun daji yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa kowace shekara sama da mutane dubu da yawa suna rasa gidajensu da wuraren abinci. A wannan batun, har ma a yau likitocin dabbobi suna da'awar cewa aƙalla ƙasashe huɗu na waɗannan magabata suna haifar da damuwa dangane da lambobin da ke cikin sauri suna raguwa. Babban dalilin wannan sabon abu shine aikin mutum.

Gibbon mai gadi

Hoto: Gibbon daga Littafin Ruwa

Sakamakon cewa yawan wasu nau'ikan gibbons suna gab da lalacewa, an jera su a littafin Red, an ba su matsayin "nau'in hadari, ko wata nau'in da ke fuskantar barazanar halaka."
Maganganun jinsunan asali wanda aka jera a cikin littafin Red

Gibbons na Belorussian
Kloss Gibbon,
azurfa gibbon,
Gibbon mai dauke da sinadarai.

Internationalungiyar Internationalasashen Duniya don Kare Dabbobi tana haɓaka jerin matakan da, a ra'ayin ta, zasu taimaka wajen kiyayewa da haɓaka yawan jama'a. A yawancin wuraren zama da waɗannan dabbobi an hana su daga gandun daji.

Yawancin wakilan nau'ikan da ke cikin hadarin an kwashe su zuwa wuraren shakatawa na kasa da kuma wuraren ajiyar dabbobi, inda likitocin dabbobi ke kokarin kirkirar yanayi mafi dacewa da yarda da kasancewar magabatan gado. Koyaya, wahalar ta ta'allaka ne akan cewa gibbons suna da hankali sosai wajen zabar abokan hulɗa. A cikin yanayin halittar mutum, mafi yawancin lokuta sukanyi watsi da juna, wanda ke sa tsarin haifuwa da wahala sosai.

A wasu ƙasashe, musamman Indonesia, gibbons ana ɗaukarsu tsarkakakken dabbobi ne waɗanda ke kawo sa'a kuma alama ce ta nasara. Yawan jama'ar karkara suna yin taka tsantsan game da waɗannan dabbobin kuma ta kowace hanya mai yiwuwa ba zata yi musu ba.

Gibbon - dabba mai hankali da kyakkyawa. Abokan koyi ne da iyayensu. Koyaya, saboda kuskuren ɗan adam, wasu nau'in gibbons suna gab da hallakawa. A yau, yan Adam suna ƙoƙarin ɗaukar matakai daban-daban don ƙoƙarin adana waɗannan magabatan.

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