Bayyanar mutum da hali. Smallarami (ya fi ƙanƙara da yawa), tsuntsu mai launin launi. Mafi karancin tit na Turai da Rasha. Tsayin Jikin 10-12 cm, nauyi 7-12 g. A cikin yankin da muke la'akari, wakilcin wakilai uku ne, biyu daga cikinsu suna cikin rukuni daban dabanphaeonotus", Gama gari a cikin Caucasus, Turkiyya da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Dukkanin wakilan wannan rukunin sun banbanta da abubuwan da ake gabatarwa (R. a. ater) zaune a tsakiyar Turai Rasha.

Bayanin. Namiji da mace suna da launi iri ɗaya. A cikin tsuntsayen masu gabatarwa masu mahimmanci, saman shine mai launin shuɗi-mai launin toka tare da ɗan ƙaramin zaitun, ƙasan ya zama fari, bangarorin kuma an yi ruwan hoda da shuɗi. A saman kai daga goshin har zuwa yatsun hannu, kuma bangarorin kai suna da baki tare da shekin ƙarfe. Lokaci-lokaci, kasancewa cikin yanayi mai faranta rai, tsuntsu zai iya ɗaga murhun hula kamar wani ƙaramin abin da ke cikin farin ciki. Akwai farin tabo a bangon wuya. Ciki da kirji na sama baki ne. Daga layin ido da murfin gashinsa har zuwa makogwaro da saman kirji akwai fararren fatar - “kunci”. A cikin Muscovite, ba kamar yau da kullun yake ba, alal misali, a cikin babban tit, fayyace fayyace shi, an iyakance shi da baƙin fata na makogwaro da bangarorin kai, an katse shi a cikin ɓangaren lanƙarar reshe. Anan, a ƙarƙashin ɓangaren reshe, a ɓangarorin kirji akwai ƙananan aibobi masu duhu mara nauyi. Wutsiya da reshe suna da duhu sosai da launin shuɗi fiye da baya. Fuskokin manyan fuka-fukan da ke tsakiyar farare ne fari, a nesa suke hade da fararen fararen biyu. Kananan fararen iyakoki suna bayyane a ƙarshen gashin fuka-fukai. Ido da beki baki ne, paws are launin shuɗi.

Matar tana fentin dan kadan. Jikinta na sama ya fi zaituni, hat more matte, kusan ba tare da haske ba, amai da kirji tare da tintin launin ruwan kasa. A cikin ƙananan tsuntsaye, saman shine launin toka mai duhu, tare da launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan zaitun. Fatar tana da launin toka-launin toka, maƙogwaron launin shuɗi ce, a kan kunci kuma tabarbarar occipital ce mai ruwan hular shuɗi. Abubuwan farin fararen fuka-fuki a jikin reshe suna dimuwa.

Muscovites da ke zaune a Caucasus suna cikin ƙasashe biyu ne - R. a. derjugini (Tekun Bahar Maliya na Caucasus) da R. a. michalowskii (Kalaman Arewa). Sun bambanta da ɗan kadan daga juna, tsuntsayen na baya-bayannan su ne guntu-biyu kuma sun fi yawa daga ƙasa, kuma duka biyun sun bambanta sosai da tsuntsayen waɗanda ke da alaƙa iri ɗaya tare da ƙaramin jiki, reshe da baki, saman-zaitun mai launin shuɗi, farar fata a ƙasa da ɓangarorin arziki. Muscovite ya bambanta da duk sauran tsuntsayen yanki a yankin ta hanyar girman ta, ƙaramin gajeriyar wutsiya, kasancewar fararen fararen biyu a reshen reshe da kuma farin farin tabo a bayan kai. Ba kamar babban tit ba, a cikin mushin na Muscovite babu wani launin rawaya da kore, babu wani “ƙulla” - zagaye mai tsayi wanda yake daga ƙasa daga cikin makogwaron har zuwa ciki.

Kuri'a shiru, mai tsayi, "mai jan hankali." Saitin kira ya ƙunshi raɗaɗin bakin dabam "Puy. », «shuɗi. », «Tuiit. ", Kalmomin da aka gama"syupii. », «vii. "Wani bushewa"tirrrrrr-ti. "Babban twitter mai inganci"bbc bbc. ", Yayi kama sosai da irin wannan gawar wani sarki mai launin shuɗi. Waƙa ana maimaita magana sau biyu ko ukupee », «ti vi tiu. "ko"pic-tii. ". Maza da mata suna rera waƙa.

Matsayi na Rarraba. Tana zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji da ke hade da Eurasia da Arewacin Afirka. Yawan yanki na tsakiya da Caucasus suna yin kullun, yawan 'yan arewa suna yin kullun, wasu lokuta manyan filayen hunturu suna zuwa kudu. A wasu cikin yuhunan rani, tsuntsayen masu ƙarancin rashi na iya bayyana a cikin Caucasus. A cikin biotopes masu dacewa, ya zama ruwan dare gama gari, amma saboda al'adar ciyarwa a cikin mafi girman rawanin rawanin da muryar shuru, Muscovite ba shi da masaniya kamar sauran tsuntsaye. Ofaya daga cikin tsuntsayen lokacin hunturu na yau da kullun a cikin wuraren shakatawa na birni da murabba'ai.

Rayuwa. Abubuwan zaɓi na Biotopic a Turai da Caucasian Muscovites sun bambanta sosai. Kasashen Turai suna zaune a cikin coniferous, gandun daji gauraye da wuya, an fi son ƙanƙara, itacen kwabe, larch da Birch. Caucasian na zaune ne musamman a cikin dazuzzuka da itacen oak. Abincin ya hada da nau'ikan invertebrates, iri na coniferous, buds, kwayoyi, tsiro na Birch, Aspen, Maple. Lokacin neman abinci, tsuntsu yana da hannu sosai, tare da tasirin acrobatic yana bincika iyakar rassan bakin ciki, zai iya hawa kwandon a tsaye, wani lokacin kuma yana ciyarwa a ƙasa. Sau da yawa yakan ziyarci masu ciyarwa. Yakan tanadi abinci don hunturu daga watan Yuni zuwa Disamba, galibi tsaba, masu ƙarancin yanayi. A cikin lokacin kiwo, yana ci gaba cikin garken, yana haɗuwa da haɗakar garken wasu nau'in tsuntsaye, galibi yana haɗuwa da chubs, gurnet, pikas da sarakuna.

Lokacin farauta daga Maris zuwa Yuli ne. Monogamous, ma'aurata dage tsawon rayuwa. Gida yana shirya cikin rami na halitta ko a cikin tsohuwar rami, ƙasa da sauƙaƙƙu a cikin ɓarnar dutse da burrows na ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwa. Mace gina gida, a cikin wani kama na 5-13 farin qwai da m ko launin ruwan kasa speckled qwai, mace incubates na kwanaki 14-16. Kajin na ciyar da kwanaki 18-22, duka iyayen biyu suna ciyar da su. Ba kamar yawancin tsuntsaye ba, tsuntsayen da suka tashi daga cikin gidan suna nuna halin mutuntaka kuma basu barin itacen dabbobin don kwanakin farko.

Halayen waje na Muscovites

Mutane suna kiransa da sunan baƙar fata, saboda Muscovite yana da launin fatar gashin tsuntsu mai lalacewa. Idan ka kalli tsuntsu a hankali, zaka iya gani: yana da ƙaramin baki mai baki amma mai kaifi, baƙo mai kyau, sauran ɗayan kai kuma suna da launi baki ɗaya. Daya sami hango wani abin rufe fuska da abin da takenmouse zaune.

A wani lokaci, mutane sun kira shi camouflage, suna mai da hankali kan launi. Fuka-fukan suna da launin toka duhu kuma ana iya ganin farar fararen fararen fata, wanda ke jituwa da dukkanin gashinsa.

Harshen tummy mai launin toka ne. Godiya ga wannan launi, Muscovite cikin basira yana ɓoyewa daga mafarauta. Haske da iska suna taimaka mata ta yi sauri da sauri, saboda nauyin tsuntsu ya kai gram 12, kuma girmanta shine santimita 11 kawai.

Habitat

Moscow ba tsuntsu ba ce ba kuma mai aiki tuƙuru. Ba za ta taɓa zama ba tare da abinci ba, don haka ta sami damar tashi zuwa birane, zama kusa da mutane, wuraren shakatawa, a cikin filayen.

Koyaya, dajin coniferous wuri ne mai kyau a gare ta. Anan tana iya dacewa da yanayin, amma tana bincika wurin sosai kafin ta gina gida.

Ana iya ganin tsuntsaye a ko'ina cikin Yurasia. Yanayin yanayin yanayi ya dace da Muscovites, amma tare da farkon yanayin sanyi, zai iya yin tashi. Wannan bashi da amfani ga waɗannan wakilan waɗanda suka zauna a cikin birane. A wannan yanayin, mazauninsu ya zama shekara shekara.

Koyaya, akwai lokuta yayin da suke cikin yankunan Sakhalin, garken su ya ƙunshi daruruwan har ma dubunnan Muscovites. Masana ilimin kimiyya sunyi bayanin wannan ta gaskiyar cewa winters suna da tsananin ƙarfi a wannan yanki na Rasha.

Yana da kyau a san cewa tsuntsu yana da abokantaka, tana murna da yarda da danginta a cikin garken. Misali: pika, titin da ja-taken tit, sarki mai launin shuɗi da sanyi.

Fasali na tallata Muscovites

Muscovites gida mafi yawa a cikin gandun daji. A farkon lokacin dabbar sun isa ma'aurata sun sami ma'aurata kuma basa rabuwa da shi har ƙarshen rayuwa. Matar ta sanya ƙwai a cikin manyannnin wasu tsuntsaye, yawanci itace, gwanayen.

Saboda tsarin halittar, tsuntsu bashi da ikon gina rami, kuma bashi da katako mai karfi irin na itace.

Hakanan, idan ƙasa ba ta ba da izinin irin wannan zaɓi, dutse na dutse, wanda ke wurin da ba a iya shiga ko rami na linzamin kwamfuta, ya zama mafaka na ɗan lokaci.

Samuwar gida shine tsari mai wahala, wanda tsuntsu yake magana da kulawa ta musamman. Ba ya dagulewa daga twigs, amma daga gashin fuka-fuka, ulu, gansakuka, horsehair, wani lokacin cobwebs.

A saboda wannan, yana dogara da jinkiri da zafi yayin sanyi, wanda yake gaskiya ne musamman a cikin wuraren tsananin zafin Rasha.

Mace ta sanya ƙwai sau biyu a shekara - a farkon Mayu da ƙarshen Yuni. Eggsan ƙananan qwai fari ne a cikin launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa. Na farko kama bai wuce qwai 5, na biyu.

Matar ta tsinke zuriya a matsakaita tsawon kwanaki 15, a wannan lokacin namiji yana tsunduma cikin hakar abinci. Wani salo na yanayin kiwo a Muscovites yana rairawa, saboda yana nuna daidai wannan lokacin a rayuwar tsuntsu.

Ciyar da kajin na da kimanin tsawon kwanaki 20. Bayan haka, ƙananan tsuntsaye ba su tashi daga cikin gida nan da nan ba, amma bayan sun sami ƙarfi. Ma'aurata suna ciyar da zuriya tare.

Bayanin

Smallan ƙaramin abu mai sauƙin juyawa na ɗan jimai mai laushi kuma tare da ɗan gajeren wutsiya. Girman da tsarin suna daidai da Blue Tit, tsawon jiki 10-11.5 cm, nauyi 7.2-12 g. Shugaban da kuma nape baki, cheeks datti fari, babban baƙar fata a cikin siffar rigar-gaban a makogwaro da babba kirji. Gashin fuka-fukan kai wasu lokuta suna dan girma cikin sifar furen crest, wanda aka ambace shi musamman a kudanci. A saman shine launin toka mai launin shuɗi tare da tarar launin ruwan hoda da kuma laushi mai rufi a tarnaƙi. Isarshen launin launin toka-fari tare da ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan kasa. Fuka-fukai da wutsiyarsu launin toka-toka ne. Hanyoyi guda biyu na haske suna bayyane a bayyane. Akwai karamin farin tabo a bayan kai - alama ce ta rarrabewar wannan nau'in.

Waƙoƙi daga Maris zuwa Satumba, waƙar wata waƙa ce ta yara biyu ko uku wacce ta yi kama da waƙoƙin babban tit da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Sau da yawa mawaƙa, zaune a saman wata itaciya mai kyaun gani. Kiran iyali musamman gajere ne ko kuma maimaitawa "san-Qi" ko "cyt" wanda aka ambata akan bayanin kula guda. Canza - karin sautin karin sauti "цию ----» »» »» »» », maimaita tare da girmamawa kan sigar ta biyu.

Fiye da ƙananan muscovites 20 na Muscovites an rarrabe su, ya danganta da takamaiman launi, tsananin tsananin tuƙuru da girma. Bayyanar asalin farashi yana da rikitarwa sau da yawa saboda gaskiyar cewa yankunan rarraba su da daidaikun mutane suna da halayen kabilu da yawa, saboda bambancin ƙasa. Ana ba da jerin jerin biyan kuɗi a cikin ɓangaren tsarin Injiniya.

Yankin

Yankin da aka rarraba shine yankuna daji na Eurasia tun daga yamma har zuwa gabas, kazalika da tsaunukan Atlas da arewa maso yammacin Tunisiya a Afirka. Zuwa arewa a Scandinavia da Finland sun tashi zuwa 67 ° C. sh., a cikin yankin Turai na Rasha har zuwa 65 ° C. sh., a cikin kwarin Ob har zuwa 64 ° c. sh., gabas zuwa 62nd a layi daya, a gabar tekun Pacific zuwa Tekun Okhotsk. A cewar wasu majiyoyi, akwai keɓantaccen yawan mutane a kudu da Kamchatka. Yankin ci gaba na Kudancin ya ci gaba da zama daidai da iyakar yankin yankin kuma ya ratsa ta kudu ta yankin Carpathians, Arewacin Ukraine, Kaluga, Ryazan, Ulyanovsk, tabbas Kudancin Urals, Altai, Arewacin Mongolia, da kuma saman Amur. Daga gabas, iyakar ta kara kudu, ta hada da yankuna na arewa maso gabashin kasar Sin daga kudu zuwa Liaoning. Bugu da kari, a kasar Sin da wasu kewayenta (Nepal, Myanmar) akwai wasu wuraren da ba kowa. Sauran wuraren da aka ware daga cikin kewayon sune Crimea, arewa maso gabashin Turkiya, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Iran, Syria da kuma Lebanon (don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai, duba rarar ƙungiyoyin). An samo shi a waje da babban yankin tsibirin Biritaniya, Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia, Cyprus, Sakhalin, Moneron, tsibirin Kuril na kudu, Hokkaido, Honshu, Tsushima, Jeju, Yaku, Taiwan, da kuma yiwuwar tsibirin Shikoku, Kyushu, arewacin Izu da Ryukyu.

Habitat

Yana zaune galibi a cikin gandun daji mai cike da babban dutse, yana ba da fifiko ga tsiren daji. Kadancin gama gari a cikin gandun daji gauraye da Pine, larch ko Birch. A cikin tsaunukan kudancin Kudancin Turai, Caucasus da Zagros a arewa maso yammacin Iran, akwai shinge na katako wanda aka mamaye da Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis), Pitsunda Kaya (Pinus mummunan fata), itacen oak da kudan zuma. A Arewacin Afirka, yana faruwa ne a cikin dasa bishirai da itacen al'ul. Yawancin lokaci ba ya tashi sama da 1800 m sama da matakin teku, kodayake a cikin tsaunukan Atlas ana lura da shi a tsawan sama da ya kai 2500 m, kuma a cikin Himalayas a kudu maso yammacin China har zuwa 4570 m sama da matakin teku.

Yanayin zaman

Yawancin lokaci nau'in sassauci, duk da haka, a cikin lokacin hunturu mai tsananin zafi ko rashin abinci, yana da haɗari ga mamayewa - yawan ƙaura zuwa sabon wurare, bayan da wasu tsuntsayen suka koma tsoffin wuraren zaman su, kuma wani sashi ya zauna a wani sabon wuri. A cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka yana yin yawo a tsaye, yana gangara zuwa kwari, inda murfin dusar ƙanƙara ba shi da kauri. A cikin lokacin kiwo, ana sa shi a cikin nau'i-nau'i, sauran lokacin da aka rusa shi a cikin garken, girman wanda yawanci ba ya wuce mutum 50, amma a Siberiya zai iya kaiwa ɗaruruwan ko ma dubunnan mutane. Manyan filaye sukan haɗu koyaushe kuma ban da Muscovites na iya haɗawa da launin ja, mai daɗaɗɗen titmouse, pika na kowa, sarki mai launin rawaya da warbler.

Kiwo

Lokacin kiwo yana daga ƙarshen Maris zuwa ƙarshen Yuli, yayin da a cikin sassan arewacin kewayon zai iya fara ɗan lokaci kaɗan. Matan aure, ma'aurata suna jinkiri na dogon lokaci. Ana iya yanke farkon farawar ma'ana ta hanyar babbar murya wajan maza da ke zaune a saman bishiya sannan a nuna alamar yankin. A yayin yin farauta, tsuntsayen su kan yi watsi da fikafikan su kuma suna yin karan tsaye. Namiji yana iya yin huɗa cikin iska, tunda ya shimfiɗa fikafikansa da wutsiyarsa. Filin girke-girke galibi karamin rami ne na bishiyar bishiyar coniferous a tsayinsa yakai mita sama da kasa, wani karamin bishiyar motley mai itace, kayan gadara mai launin ruwan kasa, ko wasu tsuntsaye. Hakanan za'a iya kasancewa a cikin kututture mara nauyi, cikin rami mara amfani ko kuma a cikin wani dutse tare da ƙofar shiga. Wasu lokuta kuma ana amfani da ramin wucin gadi. Gida yana da sifa-kamannin kofin, yana dauke da gansakuna gauraye da horsehair, kuma yana liƙe da ulu daga ciki, wani lokacin gashinsa da cobwebs. Lokacin rani ya cika kunkuntar, ƙwanƙolinta yawanci baya wuce 25-30 mm. Femaleaya mace tana tsunduma cikin shirya gida.

Yawancin alƙarya yawanci suna da haɗuwa biyu, na farkon wanda ke faruwa a ƙarshen Afrilu ko farkon Mayu, na biyu kuma a watan Yuni. Sai kawai a Arewacin Afrika da kuma a Corsica, zuriya ana ɗauka sau ɗaya kawai. Na farko kama ya ƙunshi 5-13, maimaita 6-9 qwai. Qwai ne fari tare da wasu kalamai masu launin shuɗi-baki, yawanci denser na kusa da ƙarshen bakin ciki. Girman kwayoyi: (13-18) x (10-13) mm. Mace na sanya incubates na kwanaki 14-16, yayin da namiji ya sami abincinta. Kajin ne kawai aka rufe a kan kawunansu launin toka a kawunansu da bayansu. A wannan lokacin, ana jin kararrakin surutunsu da abokantaka daga nesa. A cikin kwanaki 3-4 na farko, mace ta zauna a cikin maza, tana shayar da kajin, kuma daga baya ta shiga cikin namiji kuma tare suke da abinci don zuriyarsu. Gan fari na farko yakan bayyana ne bayan kwanaki 18-22, a farkon watan Yuni. Ba kamar sauran tsuntsayen ba, tsuntsayen na tashi suna kwana a gida a cikin da yawa na kwanaki kafin su watse. A ƙarshen watan Agusta - farkon watan Satumba, tsuntsaye masu girma da girma sun yi karko a garken, sau da yawa tare da wasu nau'in. Tsawon rayuwar mata na Moscow shekaru 9 ne ko sama da haka.

Abinci mai gina jiki

A cikin lokacin kiwo, ya fi son nau'ikan kwari da lardin su. A cikin adadi mai yawa, yana cin aphids, butterflies, dragonflies, gwoza iri-iri (gami da weevils, beetles barkono), tururuwa, kwari, caddis kwari, orthopterans (ciyawa, crickets), hymenopteran, retina, da sauransu A cikin kaka da hunturu, tana jujjuya shuka shuka, akasari conifers kuma musamman ci. A wannan lokacin, mutum zai iya lura da yawanci tsuntsayen da suke rataye daga kayan karafa da kuma fitar da tsaba daga ciki. Baya ga tsiro, ya ci tsaba irin itacen, larch, yew, sequoia, cypress, cryptomeria, beech, sycamore, berries juniper.

Game da gazawar amfanin gona, garken sun ƙaura zuwa wuraren da ba na wannan jinsin ba - dazuzzuka marasa kwari, da tundra, dajin-daji da kuma wuraren shimfidar wurare masu kyau. A cikin hunturu, yakan ziyarci makiyaya a cikin lambuna da wuraren shakatawa, inda ya gamsu da tsaba, kwayoyi, cream daga fakitin madara, da kuma ragowar abinci. Ganyayyun kayan abinci tsakanin ganyaye na bishiyoyi a sama na rawanin, ko kuma yayi nazari akan rubutattun kwalayen ƙasa. Yana sa ajiyar abubuwa na hunturu, ɓoye tsaba da m kwari a cikin kayan ɓoye na haushi sama da ƙasa, ko a wurare da ke keɓe a cikin ƙasa.

Haraji

Muscovite a ƙarƙashin sunan Latin Parus ater Carl Linnaeus ya bayyana shi a kimiyyance a cikin 1758 a bugu na 10 na Tsarin Yanayi.Wannan sunan har yanzu mafi yawan likitocin tarihi suna amfani da wannan sunan, gami da Rashanci, kuma a ƙarƙashin sunan Periparus Munyi la'akari da ƙaramar ƙarancin tallafi masu dangantaka, wanda ya haɗa da Moscow. Yawancin kwararru, gami da membobin kungiyar American Society of Ornithologists, sun gano Periparus a cikin wata halittar daban, la'akari da sakamakon binciken mtDNA, wanda bisa ga abin da Muscovite da wasu nau'in halittu sunfi kusanci da na'urori fiye da sauran tsuntsayen. Ana amfani da wannan rarrabuwa a cikin Tsarin Tsuntsayen Duniya.

Biyan kuɗi

• P. a. ater (Linnaeus, 1758) - Arewacin, Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai, Siberia kudu zuwa tsaunin Altai, Sakhalin, Mongolia ta Arewa, Arewa maso gabashin Sin (Manchuria, Liaoning ta Gabas), Koriya ta Koriya, Yammacin Turai da yankuna na Kudancin Asiya, Arewacin Siriya, Lebanon ,
• P. a. britannicus (Sharpe & Dresser, 1871) - Burtaniya mai girma, matsanancin arewa-gabas yankuna na Ireland,
• P. a. hibernicus (Ogilvie-Grant, 1910) - Ireland,
• P. a. masu kallo (Nicholson, 1906) - Iberian Peninsula,
• P. a. sardus (O. Kleinschmidt, 1903) - Corsica, Sardinia,
• P. a. atlas (Meade-Waldo, 1901) - Maroko,
• P. a. ledouci (Malherbe, 1845) - Arewacin Algeria, Arewacin Tunisiya,
• P. a. moltchanovi (Menzbier, 1903) - Kudancin Crimea,
• P. a. masu sawu (Dresser, 1888) - Cyprus,
• P. a. derjugini Zarudny & Loudon, 1903 - Caucasus na Kudu maso Yammaci, Northeast Turkey,
• P. a. michalowskii (Bogdanov, 1879) - Caucasus (ban da kudu maso yamma), Tsakiya da Gabas Transcaucasia,
• P. a. gaddi Zarudny, 1911 - Azerbaijan ta Kudu, Iran ta Arewa,
• P. a. chorassanicus (Zarudny & Bilkevitch, 1911) - Turkmenistan ta Kudu maso yamma, Arewa maso Iran,
• P. a. phaeonotus (Blanford, 1873) - Iran ta Kudu maso yamma (Dutsen Zagros),
• P. a. rufipectus (Severtsov, 1873) - Tsakanin Tsakiya da Tsarin Tien Shan na gabacin kudu maso gabashin Kazakhstan da yammacin lardin arewa maso yamma na Sin (yammacin lardin Xinjiang Uygur mai cin gashin kansa),
• P. a. martensi (Eck, 1998) - Kali Gandaki River Valley (Central Nepal),
• P. a. aemodius (Blyth, 1845) - sasar Himalayas ta gabas (gabas ta Tsakiya ta Nepal), Tsakiya ta Sin (daga kudancin Gansu da kudanci Shaanxi zuwa Kudancin Sizan da Yunnan arewa maso yamma), Arewacin da gabashin Myanmar,
• P. a. bawan pekinensis (David, 1870) - Gabas ta Sin (daga Kudancin Liaoning zuwa kudu zuwa arewacin lardin Shanxi, Hebei da Shandong),
• P. a. kuatunensis (La Touche, 1923) - Kudu maso gabashin China (daga Kudancin Anhui zuwa kudu zuwa arewa maso yamma Fujian),
• P. a. insularis (Hellmayr, 1902) - Kudancin Kuril, Japan,
• P. a. ptilosus (Ogilvie-Grant, 1912) - Taiwan.

Fasali da mazaunin tsuntsayen Muscovites

Tsuntsu Muscovite karami fiye da yadda aka saba, tsawonsa ba ya wuce 10 cm 10, kuma nauyinsa yakai 9-10 g. Dangane da binciken kimiyya, an rage zuciyar wannan crumbs kamar sau 1200 a minti daya.

A bayyanar, Muscovite yana da kama da kusanci da kusancinsa - babban tit, duk da haka, yana da ƙasa da girma kuma yana da mafi girman tsarin jikin mutum da rushewarsa. Saboda yawan gashin fuka-fuki a cikin kai da wuya, Muscovite ya sami suna na biyu - launin baƙi.

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, ɓangaren ɓangaren na Muscovite ana fentin baki, kamar rigar-gaba a ƙarƙashin baki. Fuka-fuka-fukai a kan kambiyu wani lokaci sukan zama elongated kuma suna samar da ƙuraje mai ƙyalƙyali.

A cheeks suna da farin plumage, bambanta da kyau tare da kai da goiter. Za'a iya bambance ƙuruciya daga tsofaffi ta launi mai launin shuɗi na waɗannan kumatun guda ɗaya; yayin da suka girma, launin shuɗi ya shuɗe.

Fuka-fukan, baya da wutsiyar tsuntsu ana zanen su a cikin sautunan launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa, ciki mai launin toka ne, kusan fararen fata, bangarorin ma suna da haske tare da taɓa ocher. Hanyoyi guda biyu farare wadanda suke a bayyane suke. Idanun Muscovites baƙar fata ne, wayoyin hannu, zaku iya faɗi mara kyau.

Daga wasu wakilai na titmouse, kamar su Blue Tit, Babban Tit ko doguwar riga, Moscow fasali mai farin farin tabo a bayan kai. A kanta ne ya fi sauƙi a gane shi.

Wannan nau'in tsuntsayen sun fi son gandun daji na coniferous, galibi gandun daji spruce, kodayake a cikin lokacin sanyi ana iya samun su a cikin gandun daji gauraye da kuma a cikin yankunan orchard. Moskovka baƙi ne na yawan lokutan ciyar da rago, kodayake yana guje wa ƙauyuka da mutane.

Gasar mazaunin baki suna da faɗi sosai. Moscow na zaune a cikin babban conififere a duk tsawon tsayuwar na Eurasian nahiyar.

Hakanan, ana iya samun waɗannan ƙananan tsuntsaye a cikin tsaunukan Atlas da arewa maso yammacin Tunisiya, inda suke zama a cikin dazuzukan itacen al'ul da katako na juniper. An samu rarrabuwar jama'a a Sakhalin, Kamchatka, wasu tsibiran na Japan, da kuma a Sicily, Corsica da kuma yankin Burtaniya ta daya.

Halin da rayuwar Muscovites

Muscovite, kamar danginsa, yana da motsi sosai. Suna yin rayuwa mai tsayayye, suna yin ƙaura zuwa gajerun nisan yanayi idan akwai gaggawa, musamman saboda karancin abinci. Wasu tsuntsayen sun koma wurarensu na asali tare da ingantattun yanayi, wasu sunfi son yin gida akan sababbi.

Suna zaune a cikin garken marasa adadi sama da 50, kodayake a cikin Siberia garken likitocin sun lura da daruruwan mutane ko dubun dubansu. Sau da yawa waɗannan al'ummomin tsuntsayen suna da halin halayya: Muscovites tare tare da cakuda titmouse, kajin, da pikas.

Wannan karamin titmouse galibi ana garkuwa dashi. Da sauri ta saba wa mutum sannan bayan makonni biyu ta fara hatsi daga hannunta. Idan kullun ka mai da hankali ga wannan halitta mai ban sha'awa, zaku iya samun sakamako mai sauri - Moscow zata zama cikakkiyar jagora.

Waɗannan tsuntsayen sune kaɗai daga danginsu waɗanda ba su jin damuwa da yawa daga rayuwa a cikin tantanin halitta. Hoto na Muscovite tit, tsuntsaye, ba rarrabe ta kyau ta musamman ba, ba za ta iya jan hankalin mutane da yawa ba, wadanda ba za a iya faɗi ba game da ƙwarewar sautinta.

Istswararru galibi suna dasa Muscovites a cikin ɗakin tare da canaries don ɗayan ƙarshen koyan ɗaukar waƙoƙi da kyau daga tit. Waƙar Muscovite tana kama da abubuwan da aka shirya na babban tit, duk da haka, yana da sauri kuma ana yin shi akan manyan bayanan.

Saurari muryar Moscow

Kira na yau da kullun wani abu ne kamar "pit-pit-pt-pit", "t-p-p-p-p-p" ko "c-c-s-si", amma idan tsuntsu ya firgita da wani abu, yanayin tweet ɗin ya bambanta sosai; sautin kuka, da kuma makoki mai “tyuyuyu”. Tabbas, a cikin kalmomin yana da wuya a faɗi game da dukkan raunin wakar tsuntsaye, yana da kyau a ji shi sau ɗaya.

Muscovites sun fara raira waƙa a cikin Fabrairu kuma a cikin kullun bazara, a cikin kaka suna raira waƙoƙi ba sau da yawa kuma ba da jinkiri ba. Da rana, suna zaune a kan firs ko firam, inda akwai kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da gefen gandun daji, kuma suka fara kidarsu.

Rayuwa & Habitat

Tanan tsuntsaye suna zaune a cikin fakitoci na matsakaici. Daga mutane biyu, uku daga uku zuwa mutum dari daya. Garken yana rufe yankin da ke da murabba'in kilomita da dama. Ba ya yin jiragen sama na lokaci. Amma wani lokacin, duk garken na iya motsawa zuwa sabon yankin.

Bayan wannan, wani ɓangare na garken ya koma wuraren da aka bar su kwanan nan. Akwai rarrabuwar garken. Don haka, ana haɓaka sabbin yankuna. Yawancin lokaci ana shirya garken gauraye. Suna iya haɗa ƙananan ƙananan tsuntsaye: Muscovite, titin tailed-tit, wand da sauransu. Kasancewar gama kai yana haifar da damar rayuwa.

Sizearamin girma da rashin iya doguwar jirgin suna sa tsuntsaye su zauna a cikin bishiyoyi da tsirrai. Su (Muscovites) ba sa zaune a wuraren bude ido. Sun fi son gandun daji na coniferous; a iyakar kudu da kewayon su, zasu iya zama a cikin gandun daji gauraya da bishiyar, larch, da juniper a cikinsu.

Moskovka sau da yawa fiye da sauran tsuntsaye dauke da a gida kaji masoya. Dalilin yana da sauki - yana jurewa da bauta fiye da wasu. Kuma yana da kyakkyawar murya mai kyau. Waƙarta tana kama da sautin muryar babban tit, amma mafi ƙarfi, tsayi, kyakkyawa. Tsuntsu yana ɗaukar manyan lafuzza; yana nuna abubuwa da yawa.

Saurari muryar Moscow

Titmouse da sauri ake amfani da shi don abubuwan da ke cikin tantanin halitta, ya zama cikakkiyar jagora. Za a iya rayuwa cikin bauta na dogon lokaci. Musamman idan kun zaro mata biyun. A kowane hali, tsuntsu (tare da ko ba tare da mai biyu ba) yana yarda da zama tare da sauran tsuntsaye a cikin keji, aviary.

Dole ne a tuna cewa dansandan moss shine tsuntsu karami, mutum zai iya fada da m, an contraindicated a zaman tare da wuce gona da iri, m maƙwabta. Bugu da kari, a cikin kabarin da aka saba, tarkon mossan kusan zai daina rera waka.

Ciyarwa a cikin bauta dole ne ta dace da wacce tsuntsun ke sarrafawa don zuwa cikin daji, wato, abincin tsuntsayen da aka saba. Waɗannan sune ƙwayoyin Birch, hemp, tsaba sunflower, bushe conruce cones.

Me Muscovite yake ci?

Tun da Muscovite ba tsuntsu ne mai ƙima ba, abincinsa ya bambanta sosai, amma ya dogara da lokacin. A cikin lokacin dumi, waɗannan kwari ne, kwari iri-iri, kwari, aphids, gizo-gizo, kwari. Sannu a hankali ana maye gurbinsu da 'ya'yan da suka fi so,' ya'yan itaciyar da ba ruwan 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itatuwa

Gidajen Muscovites kuma suna taka rawa sosai. Misali, a garuruwa, tsuntsu yana cin abin da zai iya samu, haka kuma godiya ga abinci masu kara daga hannun mutane. Waɗannan sune gurasar burodi, hatsi, kwayoyi har ma da Sweets. Sau da yawa, ana iya ganin waɗannan tsuntsaye a manyan wurare a cikin birane, inda suke da babban matsayi, saboda akwai abinci koyaushe.

Rayuwa a cikin daji, titin baki yana da wadatarwa. Dukkanin shekara, sai ta ɓoye a ƙarƙashin ɓarnar bishiyoyin da ke ciyar da duk hunturu. Haka kuma, yana yin wannan ne don kada dusar ƙanƙara ta afka cikin “ɗakin ajiya” kuma kada ya lalata kayan ajiyar abubuwa na matsanancin lokaci.

Moskovka tsuntsu ne, ba tare da yin waka ba wanda ba shi yiwuwa a hango farkon bazara da birni mai birgewa. Kwayoyinta sun wanzu a cikin bambance-bambancen guda uku, amma ana rarrabe su duka ta hanyar sauti na musamman, kuma kullun mai narkewa yakan kama ido.
Kalli bidiyon yadda titin Muscovite yake kallo:

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Periparus ater Muscovite tsuntsu ne na umarnin Passeriformes, Titmouse iyali, genus Periparus, nau'in Muscovite. Moscow tana cikin mafi tsohuwar ɓarnar tsuntsayen wucewar. Kyawawan zomo-kamar mutane sun zauna duniyarmu a lokacin Eocene. A zamanin yau, tsarin wuce gona da iri yana da yawa; yana haɗe da nau'ikan 5400.

Wadannan tsuntsayen sun bazu ko'ina cikin duniya. Jinsunan Periparus ater a yankinmu suna wakiltar wakilai 3, biyu daga cikinsu ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar reshe na duniya; an rarraba waɗannan tsuntsayen galibi a Turkiyya, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Caucasus. A cikin yankin Turai na ƙasarmu, biyan kuɗi na R. a. ater.

Bayyanar fasali da fasali

Hoto: Yaya Moscow take

Muscovite yana da kama da na tsuntsayen talakawa, amma har yanzu Muscovites sun ɗan bambanta da sauran membobin wannan iyali. Waɗannan halittun ana ɗaukarsu ƙanƙan tsuntsaye ne a cikin iyali tit. Girman tsuntsu daga baki zuwa wutsiya kusan cm 11 ne, kuma Muscovite yana da nauyin 8-12 kawai.

Gefen yana madaidaiciya, ƙarami a ciki. Shugaban yana ƙarami, zagaye a sifa. Wani fasali na waɗannan tsuntsaye shine launi daban-daban. An yi farin haske a kan kuncin tsuntsu. Daga baki a saman kai launin ya yi duhu. Kamar dai an sanya "mask" a fuskar tsuntsu, wannan shine dalilin da yasa tsuntsu ya sami sunan sa.

Yayin da Muscovite ke da farin ciki, ta ɗora gashin fuka-fukan a goshin ta ta wani ƙaramin ƙaramin ɗamara. Akwai kuma wani farin tabo a saman tsuntsun. Babban launuka sune launin toka da launin ruwan kasa. Gashin fuka-fukan a saman kai baƙi ne mai launin shuɗi mai shuɗi Gashin fuka-fukai suna launin toka a fikafikan Muscovites, akwai zane-zane a cikin nau'in fararen fararen fata. Wutsiyar tana kunshe da tarin gashin fuka-fukai.

Maza da mata kusan ba su da bambanci a waje. Yankunan suna da launi kama da tsuntsaye manya. Wani shuɗi mai launin shuɗi kusan baƙar fata mai launin shuɗi, a kan cheeks a bayan kai inda yakamata a sami fari fari, launin ruwan hoda. Hanyoyi a fuka-fukan kuma suna da launin shuɗi.

Ana jin abubuwan da ke gaban waɗannan tsuntsayen ko'ina daga tsakiyar Maris zuwa Satumba. Muscovites suna raira waƙa da natsuwa, muryar marairaicewa. Waƙar ta ƙunshi jumla mai wuya biyu ko uku ta nau'in: "tuiit", "pic-tii" ko "CCC". Mata da maza suna rairawa tare. Juyayin tsuntsu ɗaya na iya samun waƙoƙi 70. Wasu lokuta ana amfani da kwari don koyar da waƙoƙin canary. A cikin daji, mosses suna rayuwa kimanin shekaru 8-9.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Muscovites suna da ingantaccen ƙwaƙwalwa, za su iya tuna wuraren da abinci yake, mutanen da ke ciyar da tsuntsaye, kuma mafi mahimmanci, bayan dogon lokaci a wuraren da ba a sani ba, waɗannan tsuntsayen na iya samun mazaunin su da wuraren da suke ɓoye abinci.

Yanzu kun san yadda tsuntsu na Muscovite yake. Bari mu ga inda aka samo titin baki.

Ina Muscovite yake zaune?

Hoto: Muscovite tsuntsu

Muscovites suna zaune a dazuzzukan Eurasia, Arewacin Afirka. Hakanan an samo shi a cikin tsaunin Atlas, a Afirka da Tunisiya. A cikin arewacin Eurasia, ana iya samun waɗannan tsuntsayen a cikin Finland da kuma arewacin Rasha, a Siberiya. Wadannan tsuntsaye da adadi da yawa suna zaune a Kaluga, Tula, yankin Ryazan, suna zaune a Urals da kuma arewacin arewacin Mongolia. Kuma wadannan tsuntsayen suna zaune a Syria, Lebanon, Turkiya, Caucasus, Iran, Crimea da Transcaucasia. Wani lokaci ana iya samun sauro a tsibirin Sicily, tsibirin Biritaniya, Cyprus, Honshu, Taiwan, da tsibirin Kuril.

Muscovite yana zaune a cikin daji gaba daya. Wani lokaci wani gandun daji gauraye na iya zaɓar don rayuwa. Idan suna zaune a cikin tsaunukan tuddai, kan gida akan gangara mai itace inda bishiyoyi da itacen oak suka girma. Yana da wuya ya zauna a cikin nisan sama da mita 2000 sama da matakin teku, duk da haka, a cikin Himalayas, ana ganin waɗannan tsuntsayen a tsawan kusan mil 4,500. Muscovites ba sa taɓa zama har yanzu kuma suna iya bincika sabbin wurare a cikin neman abinci.

A wurare tare da yanayi mai laushi a cikin Caucasus da Kudancin Rasha, tsuntsaye suna jagorantar rayuwa mai tazara. Kuma har ila yau waɗannan tsuntsayen suna kasancewa tsawon lokacin hunturu, kuma a tsakiyar Rasha suna ƙaura zuwa wuraren shakatawa da murabba'ai. Muscovites gida a cikin gandun daji. Wadannan tsuntsayen ba sa yin ƙaura ta lokaci, duk da haka, a cikin rashin abinci ko a lokacin hunturu mai zafi, tsuntsaye na iya yin jiragen sama don bincika sababbin yankuna.

Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da wuraren da ba a saba ba, a lokuta mafi ƙaranci suna da gida a cikin sababbin yankuna. Gida yana cikin rami ko wani rami na halitta. Wani lokaci zasu iya zama a cikin rami da aka watsar da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyi. Sakamakon yawaitar abokan gaba a cikin daji, da kuma rashin tsauraran zirga-zirga, Muscovites suna ƙoƙari su zauna kusa da bishiyoyi da tsirrai.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Moskovka, yarinya ce mai baki

Muscovites, kamar tsuntsaye masu yawa, suna da yawa da yawa. Kullum suna tafiya tsakanin bishiyoyi, suna rarrafe tare da rassa don neman abinci. Suna jagorancin yanayin rayuwa, basa son ƙaura kuma suna barin mazauninsu na yau da kullun a cikin rashin abinci, ko mummunan yanayin yanayi. Ga tsuntsaye masu farauta suna son komawa wuraren da suka saba.

Muscovites suna zaune a cikin ƙaramin garken mutane 50-60, duk da haka, a Siberiya da yanayin Arewa, akwai raguna waɗanda a cikinsu akwai mutum dubu. A mafi yawan lokuta garken tumaki suna hade, Muscovites suna samun daidaituwa tare da ƙamshin da aka fi sani, titmouse, sarakuna da pikas. A lokacin farauta, tsuntsaye sun kasu kashi biyu kuma suna da mazaunan zama tare da babban yanki.

Tatsuniya maza ne na dangi na kwarai, sun zama ma'aurata na kusan dukkan rayuwarsu, suna kulawa da zuriyarsu na dogon lokaci. Yanayin tsuntsaye yana da nutsuwa, tsuntsaye suna zaune lafiya cikin garken, yawanci babu rikice-rikice. Tsuntsayen daji suna tsoron mutane, kuma suna ƙoƙarin kada su kusanci mutane, duk da haka, a cikin hunturu, yanayin yanayi mai zafi yana tilasta tsuntsayen su koma garuruwa da birane.

Tsuntsaye da sauri suna saba wa mutane. Idan aka riƙe Muscovite a cikin bauta, wannan tsuntsu zai saba wa mutum da sauri. Bayan sati daya, tsuntsun zai iya fara fitar da tsaba daga hannun mai shi, kuma a tsawon lokaci, tsuntsun zai iya zama cikakkiyar jagora. Tatsuniyoyi suna dogara sosai, cikin sauƙin amfani mutane.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Muscovite Tit

Lokacin mating a Muscovites yana farawa a ƙarshen Maris. A wannan lokacin, maza sun fara jan hankalin mata da waƙoƙin babbar murya, ana jin sa ko'ina. Kuma sun kuma sanar da wasu maza game da inda yankinsu yake, yana nuna kan iyakokinta. Baya ga waƙoƙi, maza suna nuna son kansu don ƙirƙirar iyali da kyau a cikin iska.

Yayin rawar kiɗa, namiji yakan cika wutsiyarsa da fikafikansu, yayin da yake ci gaba da rairawa da babbar murya.Zaɓin wuri don gida shine kasuwancin maza, amma mace tana tsara mazaunin. Mace ta yi gida a cikin wani kunkuntar rami, a cikin wata murhun dutse ko a cikin wani ɓarnar da ɓarnatattun ƙwaro. Don gina gida, ana amfani da gansakuka, ƙanshin fata, gashin gashi.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Mace suna matukar kariya daga cubansu, yayin yin kyankyasa, mace ba ta barin gida har sati biyu.

A cikin bazara ɗaya, Muscovites suna da lokaci don yin masonry biyu. Na farko kama ya ƙunshi qwai 5-12 da siffofi a tsakiyar Afrilu. Abu na biyu wanda aka kirkira a watan Yuni kuma ya ƙunshi ƙwai 6-8. Qwai na Muscovites fararen dige masu launin ruwan kasa. Shiryawa ƙwai yakan ɗauki tsawon sati biyu. A wannan yanayin, mace tana sanya qwai kusan ba tare da ta tashi daga masarar ba, kuma namiji yana kiyaye dangi kuma yana samin abincin ga mace.

Chan kajin an haifesu an lullube su da laushi mai laushi. Nami ya kawo kajin su abinci, mahaifiya kuma ta kwantar da su tana ciyar da su na wasu kwanaki 4, daga baya kuma sai ta fara neman abinci ga yaran tare da namiji ya bar kajin a cikin gida. Kayayen sun fara tashi daga gida yayin da suke da shekaru 22, yayin da suke koyon tashi, kananan yara zasu iya kwana a gida a wani dan karin lokaci, daga baya kajin ya tashi daga inda yake, yana ta ɓarna a cikin garken tare da wasu tsuntsaye.

Abokan gaba na Muscovites

Hoto: Yaya Moscow take

Waɗannan ƙananan tsuntsaye suna da maƙiyan halitta da yawa.

Wadannan sun hada da:

Mafarautan sun farauto ga duka tsofaffi kuma suna lalata mazaunin su ta hanyar cin ƙwai da kajin, don haka waɗannan ƙananan tsuntsayen suna ƙoƙari su kasance tare cikin garken. Yawancin lokaci, mafarautan sun zama ganima ta hanyar 'yan gudun hijirar, waɗanda ke fara koyon yadda ake tashi sama ta hanyar da suka fi fuskantar hadari. Muscovites ba sa son bayyana a wuraren budewa, sun fi son ɓoyewa a cikin bishiyoyi da bushes. A nan suna jin lafiya.

Abubuwan beraye, shinge-shinge, martens, dawakai da kuliyoyi za su lalata gida na tsuntsaye, don haka tsuntsayen zasuyi kokarin gina ciyayi a wuraren da basu dace da wadannan mafarautan ba. Sun zabi ramuka, murhu tare da kunkuntar ƙofar don kada mafarautan su hau cikin su.

Muscovites a cikin mafi yawan mutane ba sa mutuwa ba ne sakamakon ɓarnatar da tsinkayen, amma daga yanayin mahalli mai tsauri. Tsuntsaye ba sa yin haƙuri da sanyi, a cikin hunturu, tsuntsayen daji sukan mutu saboda ƙarancin abinci ba tare da neman abinci ba, musamman a lokacin lokacin sanyi, lokacin dusar ƙanƙara take kwashe filayen. Don tsira daga lokacin hunturu, tsuntsaye suna zuwa biranen a cikin ƙananan garke. Mutane na iya ajiye da yawa daga cikin waɗannan kyawawan tsuntsayen ta hanyar rataye mai ciyarwa akan bishiya da kawo wasu hatsi da burodin gurasa a wurin.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Har wa yau, nau'in Periparus ater yana da matsayin jinsin wanda ke haifar da rashin damuwa ko kadan. Yawan wannan nau'in tsuntsaye suna da yawa. Yawancin tsuntsayen suna zaune a dazuzzukan Eurasia da Arewacin Afirka. Yana da matukar wahalar bin wajan waɗannan tsuntsayen, saboda tsuntsayen suna zama a cikin fakiti masu gauraya kuma suna iya tashi, suna bincika sabbin wurare. Tun da Muscovites suna son su zauna a cikin tsiro da kuma gandun daji gauraye da yawa a cikin yankuna na ƙasarmu, yawan wannan nau'in yana raguwa saboda ƙonewa.

Misali, a yankin Moscow, yawan wadannan tsuntsayen ya ragu sosai. An jera Moskovka a cikin Littafin Red na Moscow kuma an sanya nau'in na 2 nau'in ɗan da ba a taɓa samu ba a cikin Moscow tare da raguwar yawan jama'a. Kawai game da nau'i-nau'i na 10-12 a Moscow. Wataƙila tsuntsayen kawai ba sa son amo na babban birni, kuma a rayuwa suna zaɓar wurare masu natsuwa.

Dangane da raguwar adadin wadannan tsuntsayen a Moscow da yankin, an dauki matakan kare tsuntsaye:

• Shahararren wuraren girke-girke na tsuntsu suna a cikin yankuna na musamman,
• An shirya wuraren shakatawa da kore a cikin yankin megalopolis,
• Masana ilimin dabbobi suna sa ido ga yawan waɗannan tsuntsayen a Moscow kuma suna haifar da yanayi mai kyau don rayuwarsu.

A cikin ƙasa baki ɗaya, nau'in yana da yawa, tsuntsaye suna jin daɗin yanayi kuma cikin sauri suna cikin wani nau'in da baya buƙatar kariya ta musamman.

Moscow tsuntsu mai amfani sosai. Wadannan tsuntsayen tsari ne na gaske a cikin gandun daji, wanda ke lalata gwoza da kwari waɗanda ke lalata tsire-tsire kuma masu ɗaukar cututtuka ne da yawa. Tsuntsaye suna bi da mutane da kyau, kuma a cikin hunturu suna iya tashi zuwa biranen neman abinci. Yana cikin ikon mu sa wadannan tsuntsayen su zauna kusa da mu. Suna buƙatar kawai a ciyar da su a lokacin da tsuntsayen yanayi ba su da abin da za su ciyar.

Bayyanar Muscovites

Wannan karamin tit din yayi nauyi daga gram 7 zuwa 12 kuma yana da tsawon jiki na 10 - 12. Shugaban kai da kan tsuntsu baƙi ne, kumatunsa kuma masu launin fari.

Kusa da ita zuwa saman kirji akwai wani tabo mai kama da abin wuya. Gashin fuka-fukan a kai kai wani dan karamin ado ne. Asan tsuntsu yana fentin a cikin sautunan launin shuɗi da launin ruwan kasa.

Jikin sa na sama yana launin toka-shuɗi, kuma ɓangarorin biyu suna da kyau. Wutsiya da fikafikan suna da launin toka mai launin toka-mai-fari. Halin halayyar Muscovites shine ƙaramin farin tabo a ɓangaren occipital na kai.

Muscovites salon rayuwa

Muscovite galibi suna zaune a cikin gandun daji na coniferous, kodayake akai ana samunsa a cikin gandun daji na Pine-deciduous. A cikin Afirka, Muscovite yana zaune cikin katakan itacen al'ul da juniper. A tsaunukan Turai, Zagros, Caucasus da kuma arewa maso yammacin Iran, tana zaune a dutsen a cikin dazuzzukan da suka kunshi Pitsunda da Aleppo Pine, kazalika da beech da itacen oak. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, baƙar fata ba ta tashi zuwa tsaunuka fiye da 1800 m sama da matakin teku, amma a wasu wurare kuma hakan yana faruwa a sama.

A kusan dukkanin yankin da ke zaune, Muscovite yana jagorantar tsarin rayuwa. A cikin lokutan sanyi musamman lokacin sanyi da kuma yanayin rashin abinci, waɗannan tsuntsayen na iya yin ƙaura zuwa wasu wurare, amma bayan ɗan lokaci wasu daga cikin tsuntsayen suka dawo.

Hatarshen hat, ko kuma “abin rufe fuska”, ya ƙaddara ainihin sunan Rashanci ga tsuntsu - abin rufe fuska, wanda ya juya ya zama Muscovite.

A cikin tsaunuka, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna yawo a cikin kwaruruka inda babu dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa. Muscovite kusan dukkan lokaci yakan kiyaye a cikin fakitoci, watse cikin nau'i nau'i kawai lokacin lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin. Fuka-fukai, a matsayin mai mulki, yawansu yakai mutum 50, kuma galibi ya haɗa da tsuntsayen sauran nau'ikan, kamar su pika na kowa, crested titmouse, scallop, da sauransu.