Elk, bayanin wanda za'a iya samo shi a kusan dukkanin littattafan tunani ga masu son dabbobi, babban shayarwa ne na dabbobi masu shayarwa wanda ya kasance asalin halittar gado ne, gidan barewa.

Masana sun yi imani da cewa sunan shi ya fito ne daga kalmar tsohuwar Slavic "ols", wanda ke nuna jan gashi yana rufe jikin jaririn Moose. Wani sunan Moose gama gari tunda tsufa a Rasha shine Moose. Wataƙila ya tashi ne saboda kamannin zankarorinsa da garma.

Ina muzaharar take?

Bayanin muzarar dole ne ya fara da iyakarta. Wadannan artiodactyls sun zama ruwan dare a Arewacin Hemisphere. A tsakiyar karni na 19, yawancin mutanen da suka mutu sun kusan lalata Turai, banda Rasha. Godiya ga matakan kariya da aka ɗauka a farkon karni na 20, waɗannan artiodactyls sun sake zama arewacin da gabashin Turai.

A yau waɗannan manyan dabbobi suna zaune a cikin ƙasashen Scandinavia (Norway, Finland), a Belarus, a arewacin Ukraine, a Hungary da Poland, a cikin ƙasashen Baltic (Estonia da Latvia), da Jamhuriyar Czech. Mafi yawan jama'a suna cikin Rasha: daga Kola Peninsula zuwa kudu steppes. A Arewacin Amurka, moose sun sauka a Kanada, Alaska, da kuma a gabashin Amurka.

Karanta bayanin irin masarar a wurare da dama, zamu iya yanke hukuncin cewa wadannan dabbobin suna rayuwa a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu hade da kwari tare da fadama, kogunan ruwa da koguna. Aspen da Birch gandun daji sun fi son gandun daji-tundra. Taruka da kan bankunan tafkuna da koguna - a cikin busasshen ruwa. A cikin gandun daji, suna zaune a kwaruruka da kuma kwari mai natsuwa.

Elk Habitat

Yawan muzalin yakai kimanin miliyan ɗaya da rabi. Kimanin rabin adadin jimlar suna zaune a Rasha. Amma ban da iyakokin ƙasarmu, waɗannan dabbobin suna zaune ne a Turai (Poland, Czech Republic, Belarus, Hungary, Baltic States), sun mamaye arewacin Ukraine, Scandinavia.

A cikin ƙasashen Turai da ke sama, an kawar da gwiwar a cikin ƙarni na XVIII - XIX. Daga baya, an dawo da yawan jama'arta saboda matakan kiyayewa, sake sabunta tsirran daji, da kuma murkushe magabtan halitta na ciyawar - kyarkeci.

Tana mamaye arewacin Mongolia da arewa maso gabashin China zuwa lardunan arewacin Siberiya. Har ila yau Arewacin Amurka ya zama gidan masar, inda ya zauna a Alaska, Kanada da kuma arewa maso gabashin Amurka.

Karfin birki ya mamaye gandun daji da tsirrai - Birch da Pine kurmi, Aspen gandun daji, Willows a gefen bankunan koguna. A cikin tundra da mataki, Moose na iya rayuwa nesa da gandun daji. Amma suna son gandun daji gauraye, inda zurfin ƙasa yake da kyau.

Hanya mai mahimmanci don mazaunin rani na muz shine wuraren ajiye ruwa wanda ya zama dole don adanawa daga zafin bazara, kazalika da ƙarin abinci. A cikin hunturu, suna kiwo a cikin gandun daji masu gauraye da filaye. Ba sa son dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfi, kuma suna haifar da yanayin tsaka-tsaki kawai a cikin waɗancan wuraren da bai faɗi sama da rabin mita ba.

Idan dusar ƙanƙara tana da zurfi, suna tawo da sauran wurare. Wannan yakan faru ne a ƙarshen kaka. Da farko, mace da iznin munzir, sa’annan maza manya suka cimmusu. Dawowar yana a farkon bazara, lokacin dusar ƙanƙara. Dabbobi na iya yin tafiya kusan mil 15 a rana.

Menene kwatangwalo? Hoto da bayanin

Moose shine mafi girman wakilcin danginsa. Tsawon dabbar a wurin mayukan daga mita 1,70 zuwa 2.35, tsayin jikin mutum - mita 3. Nauyin mace mai girma shine kilogiram 300, kuma namiji ya fi ɗari shida. A bayyanar, waɗannan dabbobin suna da kamala: manyan kafafu, gajeru jiki. Dabbobi suna da kafaɗa masu ƙarfi da kirji. Kafafu suna da tsayi amma ba na bakin ciki ba, tsoka tare da kunkuntar da kuma dogon hives. Gashinan gajarta ne amma a bayyane bayyane.

Shugaban yana da girma da nauyi, har tsawon mm 500, tsinkaye. Tana da manyan kunne da hannu. Lebe na sama mai kumbura yana rataye a saman lebe, kuma a cikin makogwaron zaku iya ganin gurguwar fata mai laushi - '' 'yan kunne' ', tsawon wanda zai kai 40 cm.

Abubuwan Motsa

Moose shine mafi girman wakilin gidan barewa. Namiji yakai kimanin kilogiram 600., Tare da tsawon jikinsa mai tsawon mita 3, tsayin mita 2.4. Mata suna da yawa sosai.

Za'a iya rarrabe mafi kyawun motsi daga mace ta manyan lobes na ƙaho. Girman su na iya kasancewa zuwa mita 1.8, kuma nauyin su ya kai kilo 30. Gaskiya ne, ƙaho ba irin wannan alamar nuna bambanci bane tsakanin bambance-bambancen jinsi - kowace masara ta kaka ta rasa wannan keɓance alama.

Suna jifa da ƙahoni bayan lokutan bazara, saboda a lokacin bazara zasu iya fara dawowa. Da mazan dabba, da karin rassa a kai. Namiji kuma yana da '' abin kunne '- fata mai fita daga fata daga makogwaron.

Bayyanar kwarjinin ya yi fice kwarai, wannan dabban daji ya sha bamban da sauran barewa. Kuna iya yin hukunci da wannan ta hanyar da yawa hoto muz.

Za ka iya ma ce cewa dabbar dabba ce mummuna - kafafu sun yi tsayi da yawa dangane da jiki, tsintsiya a baya, babban hunchbacked tare da lebe na sama. Amma har yanzu, kamar dukkanin wakilan duniyar dabba, suna samun nasara tare da wakilan jinsi na kishiyoyinsu.

Elks suna da kyakkyawan ji da warin ji, amma mummunan gani. Idan mutum ya tsaya babu motsi, to, gwiwar hannu ba za ta gan shi daga nesa na 20-30 ba. Moye masu iyo ne masu kyau, suna ƙaunar ruwa duka biyu azaman cetar ruwa daga tsakiya, kuma a matsayin tushen abinci.

Idan wannan babbar dabba tana son kare kanta, to bazaiyi amfani da kaho ba, zai yi yakar magabatanta da kafafunsa na gaba. Amma ba su cikin rikici, idan zai yiwu su tsere, ba za su shiga fada ba.

Gashi gashi

Ko da taƙaitaccen bayanin dabba ba ya yin ba tare da halayyar ulu, wanda ya ƙunshi dogon gashi da gashi mai laushi. Yankin gwiwar yana da doguwar riga mai kyau. A cikin hunturu, yana girma har zuwa santimita goma a tsawon. A wuyansa kuma ya bushe ya fi tsayi kuma yayi kama da mur, har zuwa santimita ashirin. Wani lokacin ma har yana nuna cewa dabbar tana da hump.

Gashi mai taushi wanda yake rufe kai ya girma har akan lebe. Tsakanin tsakanin kafafen hancin a kan leɓar babba za'a iya ganin ƙaramin yanki mai fallasa.

Rayuwar Moose

Za'a iya raba Moose zuwa wasu kabilu da yawa, a cewar majiyoyi daban-daban, daga 4 zuwa 8. Abun ƙungiyar Alaskan ita ce mafi girma, tana iya kaiwa nauyin kilogram 800. Mafi karami shine reshen Ussuri, ana rarrabe shi da kahonsa kamar ba (ba tare da lobes). A lokuta daban-daban na shekara, muzain suna da ayyuka daban-daban. Ya dogara da yanayin zafin jiki.

A cikin tsananin zafi mai zafi, sun fi so su ɓoye daga kwari a cikin ɓoye na dunƙule, tare da wuya a cikin ruwa ko a cikin busassun iska. Suna fita don ciyar da dare mai sanyi. A cikin hunturu, ya yi akasin haka, suna ciyar da rana, kuma suna hutawa da dare. A cikin tsananin sanyi mai tsananin sanyi suna fada cikin dusar ƙanƙara, wanda yake sanya dabbobi kamar rami.

Wuraren da muzarar ke ciyar da hunturu ana kiransu sansani, kuma matsayinsu ya dogara da wuraren da ake samun abinci. Mafi yawancin lokuta waɗannan ƙananan katako ne na katako a cikin tsakiyar Rasha, willows ko birbuts dwarf a Siberiya, kuma guguwar ƙonewa a Gabas ta Tsakiya.

Dabbobi da yawa na iya tarawa a zango ɗaya. Anyi rikodin hezir ɗari a kowace kadada 1000 na gandun itacen obobsky. Moose ba garken dabbobi bane, galibi yakanyi tafiya sau ɗaya a lokaci guda, ko kuma an tattara mutane 3-4.

A lokacin bazara, wasu dabbobi matasa wasu lokuta kan shiga mace tare da shekara, kuma a cikin hunturu karamin garken ya hada da yara mata da shekara daya da rabi. Da zuwan bazara, wannan karamin kamfanin zai sake watsewa.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Duk nau'in ciyayi, mosses, lichens, namomin kaza, tsirrai masu tsayi (ba za su iya tsinkayar ciyawa ba saboda girman girma da gajeren hancinsu), harbe matasa da ganyen bishi (ash ash, Birch, Aspen, ceri tsuntsu da sauran nau'in tsirrai) suna yin ragin mose.

Moose tare da manyan lebe suna riƙe reshe kuma ku ci dukkan ganye. A lokacin rani suna son neman abinci a tafkunan, za su iya tsayar da kawunansu a cikin ruwa na kusan minti daya su zabi tsire-tsire masu ruwa iri iri (calendula, lily water, karamin egg, horseetail).

Da zuwan kaka, sukan sauya zuwa rassan, suna ɗanɗana a haushi daga bishiyoyi. Lokacin da abinci mai yawa, a lokacin rani, gwiwar hannu tana cin kimanin kilo 30., A cikin hunturu kawai kilogiram 15. Adadin munanan da yawa suna cutar dazuzzuka, kamar yadda dabba ɗaya ke cin kimanin tan 7 na ciyayi a kowace shekara. Elks suna buƙatar gishirin gishiri, waɗanda suke laɓe a kan hanyoyi, ko kuma ziyarci laburorin gishiri musamman waɗanda ke ɗauke da su.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

Da shigowar kaka, da ke kusa da Satumba, muzarar ta fara yin taushi. Maza suna yin kara mai ƙarfi, suna ta zagi a jikin bishiyoyi, suna karya rassan, kamar suna kiran sauran maza don yin faɗa don mace.

Neman mace, suna bin ta, suna hana sauran dabbobin su kusace ta. A wannan lokacin suna da ƙarfi sosai. Yaƙin maza biyu manya wani lokaci yakan ƙare da mutuwar mai rauni. A cikin yaƙe-yaƙe masu tsayi, gwiwar hannu ba ta yaƙi don garken ba, amma ga mace ɗaya kaɗai - dabbobi ne masu aure.

Saidai a yaushe gidan sarauta kuma galibi mata suna cikin garken. Sannan namiji ɗaya ya kamata ya rufe mace da yawa, wanda ba daidai bane.

Bayan watanni biyu na faradi, ma'aurata suna faruwa, kuma bayan kwanaki 230-240 ana haihuwar jariri. Ya danganta da yawan abinci da yanayi mai kyau, kuma ana haihuwar maraƙi 1-2. Amma daya yawanci yakan mutu ne a cikin kwanakin farko ko makonni na rayuwa.

Mako na farko na rayuwa, maraƙi yana da rauni sosai kuma baya iya motsawa da sauri, saboda haka yana da dabarar tsaro ɗaya kawai - kwance a cikin ciyawa kuma jira haɗarin. Gaskiya ne, yana da kyakkyawan mai kare - mahaifiyarsa babba. Zai yi gwagwarmaya don kare zuriyarsa, wani lokacin nasara.

Koda bears wani lokacin yakan mutu sakamakon bugun kafafu mai ƙarfi na fushin muzguna. Daga baya, zai iya karfin gwiwa ya tsaya kan kafafunsa ya bi bayan mahaifiyarsa. A wannan lokacin, zai iya cin ganye ne kawai, wanda shine matakin girmansa.

Daga baya, ya koyi yin gwiwowi don sa ciyawa, da kuma lanƙwasa bishiyoyi na bakin ciki don samun ganyayyaki sabo. Milk moose ci kimanin watanni 4. A wannan ciyarwa ɗan kwatankwacin kilogram 6-16. weightaukar nauyin jariri daga faɗuwar zai kai kilogiram 120-200.

Elks an ƙaddara yin rayuwa na kimanin shekaru 25, amma a cikin mawuyacin yanayi na daji galibi galibi suna zaune rabin rayuwarsu. Dalilin haka shine bears, kyarkeci wanda ke farautar dabbobi marasa lafiya, da na tsoho, ko kuma na gaba ɗaya, samari. Bugu da kari, gwiwar dabba dabba ce ta kasuwanci; an yarda da farauta daga Oktoba zuwa Janairu.

Bayyanar

Tsawon jikin mutum ya kai 3 m, tsayinsa a cikin ƙ witƙasassun ya kai m 2.3, tsawon wutsiya shine 12-13 cm, nauyi shine kilogiram 360-600, a Tsarin Gabashin Rasha da Kanada - har zuwa kilo 655. Mata sun kasance ƙanana. A bayyanar, gwiwar hannu tana da bambanci da sauran barewa. Jikinsa da wuyansa, gajerare, ƙishirwa masu tsayi, a cikin kamannin iska. Kafafu suna da elongated, sabili da haka, don bugu, an tilasta wa masse ya shiga cikin ruwa ko tsayawa akan wuyan hannunsa. Shugaban yana da girma, yana hunchbacked, tare da lebe na sama mai cike da haushi. Karkashin makogwaron akwai fata mai taushi ('' '' yan kunne ''), sun kai cm 25-40. Lamin yana da shuɗi, launin baƙi-baƙi, ƙafafu suna da launin toka, kusan fari. Hannun da ke kan kafafu na gaba suna nuna, wanda ke ba da damar masar ta yi amfani da su a matsayin makami a cikin fada tare da masu dabaibaye kamar kyarkeci ko bears (amma ba a cikin yaƙin da aka yi wa abokan hamayya don kada a cutar da su ba). Kawai bugun daya da irin wannan kofato ya isa ya soki kwanyar abokan gaba ko kuma bude ciki.

Maza suna da girma (mafi girma na dabbobi masu shayarwa na zamani) ƙaho mai kamanni, adadinsu ya kai 180 cm, nauyi - 20-30. Muku na zubar da tururuwa a shekara a cikin Nuwamba - Disamba kuma yana tafiya ba tare da su ba har sai Afrilu - Mayu. Mace mai zafin rana.

Sau da yawa, ana kiran muz sax saboda ƙaho, kamanninsu yayi kama da garma.

Yaɗa

An rarraba Moose a cikin gandun daji na arewacin hemisphere, mafi ƙarancin lokaci a cikin gandun daji-tundra, gandun daji-da kuma a gefen yankin napepe. An samo shi a Turai a Poland, jihohin Baltic, Czech Republic, Hungary, Belarus, a arewacin Ukraine, a cikin Scandinavia da kuma yankin Turai na Rasha. A cikin kasashen Turai an lalata shi: a Yammacin Turai a karni na 18, a gabashin Turai a cikin karni na 19. A Poland, Jamhuriyar Czech, Hungary da Scandinavia, gwiwar hannu ta sake zama sakamakon kariyar, wanda aka fara a cikin 1920s. A cikin Asiya, tana zaune ne daga arewacin Mongolia da arewa maso gabashin China zuwa arewacin tsibirin Siberiya. A Arewacin Amurka, ana samunsa a Alaska, Kanada da kuma arewa maso gabashin Amurka, har ya isa jihar Colorado. A Rasha, ana rarraba shi zuwa yankin Rostov a kudu da kuma gaɓar Tekun Pacific zuwa gabas, akasari a cikin gandun daji.

Kimanin mutane dubu 730 ne ke zaune a Rasha (kusan rabin adadin jama'a), kuma duka a duniya - kusan miliyan daya da rabi.

Rayuwa & Abinci

Musa ya zauna gandun daji daban-daban, busasshen willows a gefen kogin rafi da tabkuna, a cikin dajin-tundra ana kiyaye su tare da gandun daji na birrai da gandun daji na aspen. A cikin steppe da tundra a cikin bazara ana samo su kuma suna da nisa daga gandun daji, wani lokacin daruruwan kilomita. Babban mahimmancin ga masara shine kasancewar fadama ruwa, kogunan ruwa da tabkuna, inda a lokacin bazara suke ciyar da ciyayi na ruwa kuma suna tserewa daga zafin. A cikin hunturu, kwari yana buƙatar hadewa da gandun daji mai ban tsoro tare da ƙarancin maɓalli. A wannan ɓangaren kewayon inda zurfin dusar ƙanƙara ba ta wuce cm 30-50 ba, muzarar live live, inda ta kai 70 cm, suna yin jigilar zuwa ƙasa da dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin hunturu. Sauyi zuwa wuraren hunturu na kano kuma yana daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba - Janairu. Na farkon su ne mace da muzain, na ƙarshe sune maza manya da mata ba tare da muzamai ba. A ranar, muzarar tafiya 10-15 km. Migaurawar bazara ta juzu'i tana faruwa a lokacin dusar ƙanƙara kuma a cikin abin da ya dace: maza manya sune farkon, mace tare da muzurai sune ƙarshe.

Moose basu da wasu lokacin ci da hutawa. A lokacin rani, zafi yakan sa su zama dabbobi ba dare ba rana, lokacin da suke tura su cikin farin ciki, inda iska ke hurawa, zuwa cikin tafkuna da fadama, inda zaku iya ɓoye wuya har zuwa wuya a cikin ruwa, ko kuma cikin matsanancin ci gaban matasa waɗanda ke kare dan kadan daga kwari. A cikin hunturu, ciyawa suna ciyar da rana, kuma da dare kusan duk lokacin da suka zauna akan benci. A cikin dusar ƙanƙara mai girma, dabbobi suna kwance cikin dusar ƙanƙara ta yadda kawai shugaban da ƙishirwa suke haɓaka sama da shi, wanda ke rage ƙaddamar da zafi. A lokacin sanyi, dusar kankara tayi dusar kankara a wurin da mafarautan suka kira "sansanin", tsaya. Matsayin wurin tsayawar ya dogara da wuraren ciyarwa. A Tsakiyar Rasha wadannan sune kananan bishiran bishiyoyi, a Siberiya - Willow mai ban girma ko bishiyoyi tare da bankunan kogi, a Yankin Gabas - dazuzzukan daji masu rarrafe masu ƙarancin ƙarfi tare da ƙara zurfin lalacewa. Yawancin munse na iya amfani da dutsen guda a lokaci guda, a cikin gandun daji na Oka a cikin 50s na karni na XX a cikin hunturu a wasu yankuna har zuwa 100 ko sama da munse a 1000 ha.

Mosa suna ciyar da bishiyoyi-bishiyoyi da ciyawar ciyawa, da kuma mosses, lichens da namomin kaza. A lokacin rani, sukan ci ganye, suna fitar da su saboda haɓakarsu daga tsayi mai yawa, ciyar a kan tsire-tsire masu ruwa da ruwa kusa (juyawa, marigold, kwai, lilin na ruwa, dawakai), da ganyaye masu tsayi a wuraren ƙone da wuraren yankan - murhun wuta, zobo. A ƙarshen bazara, ana neman namomin kaza na fila (gami da gardar tashi, wanda aka yi amfani da shi azaman magani), an nemo ɓoyayyun 'ya'yan itace da shuki da lingonberries tare da berries. Daga Satumba, harbe da rassan bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi suna fara cizo, kuma har zuwa Nuwamba kusan sun canza gaba ɗaya zuwa abincin reshe. Babban ciyarwar hunturu na masara sun hada da Willow, Pine (a Arewacin Amurka - fir), Aspen, ash ash, Birch, Rasberi, a cikin narkewa suna lalata haushi. Wani mutumin da ya manyan muzamai ya ci abinci a rana: a lokacin bazara kimanin kilo 35 na abinci, a cikin hunturu - kilogiram 12-15, a shekara - kimanin tan 7. Da yawan adadin masar, wuraren kiwon gandun daji da tsire-tsire sun lalace. Kusan a ko'ina ana amfani da tabar wiwi ta hanyar gishiri, a cikin hunturu suna lasa gishiri har ma da manyan hanyoyi.

Moose yana gudu da sauri, har zuwa kilomita 56 / h, yi iyo sosai. Lokacin da neman tsire-tsire masu ruwa, suna iya riƙe kawunansu ƙarƙashin ruwa sama da minti guda. Daga kaddara an kare ta da busa na kafafun gaba. Koda beyar mai launin fata ba ta da ikon kai hari ga masar ta maza a cikin wani fili. A matsayinka na mai mulki, beyar yayi ƙoƙari ya kawo hari a gaban daji, wanda yasa ƙyallen ya takaita a motsi.Daga cikin kwakwalwar mutumtaka, ji da jin warinsu suna da haɓaka, hangen nesa yana da rauni - baya ganin mutum a tsaye nesa da nisan ensan mitoci.

Da wuya Moose ya kasance farkon wanda ya kaiwa mutum hari. Yawancin lokaci farmaki yana faruwa tare da dalilai masu ban haushi ko kusantar moose.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Maza da matan aure suna rayuwa guda ko a cikin ƙaramin rukuni na dabbobi 3-4. A lokacin bazara da hunturu, mata manya sukan yi tafiya tare da muz, suna kafa ƙungiyoyi na shuwagabanni 3-4, wani lokacin mazan da mace guda suna haɗuwa da su, suna kafa garken 5-8. A lokacin bazara, waɗannan garkunan sun faɗi baya.

Babbar birzawa tayi daidai da deer a cikin Satumba - Oktoba kuma tana tare da halayyar muffled maza (“suna nishi”). Yayin tafiyar, maza da mata suna da sanyin gwiwa da tsokana, suna iya kaiwa mutum hari. Maza sukan shirya faɗa don faɗa, wani lokacin ma mutuwa. Ba kamar yawancin barewa ba, gwiwar hannu - yanayin aure mai wuyan gaske, da ƙarancin ma'aurata da mata fiye da ɗaya.

Cutar ciki a cikin naman mushen na tsawon kwanaki 225-240, daga nan sai kafaffen yarinyar daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni. Yawancin lokaci akwai maraƙi ɗaya a cikin zuriyar dabbobi, tsoffin mata zasu iya haihuwar tagwaye. Launin jariri haske ne ja, ba tare da farin aibi halayyar barewa ba. Moose na iya tashi 'yan mintoci bayan haihuwa, bayan kwana 3 suna tafiya ba tare da wata matsala ba. Ciyar da madara takan ɗauki tsawon watanni 3-4 - 4, madara mai narkewa tana da ƙoshin mai mai 8-13%, wato, sau 3-4 sun fi maraƙin saniya, kuma ya ƙunshi sau 5 fiye da furotin (12-16%)

Moose ya zama mai balaga da jima'i tun yana ɗan shekara 2. Bayan shekaru 12, muzeen ya fara tsufa, a cikin yanayin muz sama da shekara 10, bai wuce 3% ba. A cikin bauta an tsira har zuwa shekaru 20-22.

Darajar tattalin arziki

An yi amfani da dabba mai mahimmanci na kasuwanci (nama da nama mai ƙarfi da aka yi amfani da shi don yin miya).

A Rasha da Scandinavia, an yi ƙoƙari don mamaye gida da amfani da mose a matsayin hawa da kiwo, amma cakudaddun abubuwan da ke ciki ya sa wannan tattalin arziƙi ya ci gaba. A cikin USSR akwai mamsefathers 7, a halin yanzu akwai maganganu biyu na gonar sharar gida a cikin Pechoro-Ilychsky reshe a ƙauyen Yaksha da Sumarokovskaya moose na yankin Kostroma. Wadannan gwaje-gwajen sun bayyana ne a fim din A. Zguridi “Labarin Tarihin dajin”. Dukkanin gonakin jihar kaduna guda biyu. Za'a iya samun yawon shakatawa a gonakin.

Madara mai zafi tana kama da ɗanɗano zuwa ga saniya, amma sun fi kitse kuma ba sa ƙima. Amfani da shi a cikin abinci mai gina jiki. Don mahimmancin kiyayewa yana daskarewa.

Naman naman munanan na da dandano ga naman wasu bare - ƙanƙararsa ba ya da ƙarfi. Ana amfani dashi galibi don samar da gwangwani da kyafaffen sausages.

Lambar

Yawan mace-mace na shekara-shekara tsakanin manyan maguna ya kai daga 7 zuwa 15%, matasa dabbobi suna mutuwa a farkon shekarar har zuwa kashi 50%. Searke da kyarkeci da bears (launin ruwan ƙasa, bear grizzly), matasa, marasa lafiya da tsofaffin dabbobi yawanci sukan zama ganima. Wolves sune kusan marasa lahani ga lafiyayyun manya. An san Moose da wata cuta da ke haifar da ƙwayar cuta Parelaphostrongylus tenuisshafi tsarin juyayi, da ticks. Sau da yawa ana bugun motoci, kuma masu motoci da kansu sukan sha wahala daga wannan. An ba da damar wannan dabba don farauta a kusan dukkanin Eurasia, kuma yawan burin yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara.

Bayanin da fasali

Wannan shi ne ainihin babban cokini-hoofed herbivore na terrestrial fauna. Girma da muzukan a cikin mayukan na iya wuce gaban dan adam girma. Tsawon jikin tsofaffi na iya zama sama da 3 m, kuma matsakaicin nauyin jikin mutum yakai kusan tan.

Wadannan dabbobi ana yawan kiran su da safiri. Suna da irin wannan sunan barkwanci ga wani abu mai launi mai kyau na kamannin su - ƙahonin gigantic masu ban sha'awa waɗanda suke kama da kayan aikin tsufa na ƙarni - sokha.

Maza ne kawai masu balaga da maza zasu iya yin alfahari da irin wannan adon. Kuma mace suna ƙanƙanuwa girmanta kuma ba su da kaho da yanayi. Tsarin da aka ƙayyadad da bayyanar, wani kambi, ƙirar ƙwalƙwalwa mai siffa tare da girma, adadinta yana da kimanin kilo 25.

Kowace shekara tare da farkon yanayin sanyi munse baƙi bace, an share su. Amma tare da farkon bazara, wani wuri zuwa Mayu, sabon "kambi" ke tsiro akan kawunansu.

Musa 'yan uwan ​​barewa ne, amma a fusace sun bambanta ta fuskoki da yawa daga garesu, basu da falalar kirki a wurinsu. Maimakon haka, sun kasance m, suna da iko kafadu da kirji. A wuyansa tare da fata mai laushi na fata a ƙarƙashin maƙogwaron da gangar jikin busassun, idan aka kwatanta da girman jikin duka, yana ba da ra'ayi na gajerar gajarta.

Wani humpback ya bushe sama da su, sannan babban hunchbacked babba ya fito waje. Makarfinsa zuwa ƙarshen alama yana kumbura, mallaki mai lafiyayyen fata, rataye akan ƙananan, lebe na sama. Kafafu na dabba, an rufe shi da gajerun gashi, mai elongated, ba na bakin ciki ba, tare da dogon kunkuntar hooves.

Akwai wutsiya har zuwa cm 13 a girma, gajarta ce amma kuma ana santa sosai. Launin gashi mai kauri a jikin mutum ya bambanta daga kusan fari zuwa launin ruwan kasa-baki, kafafu na muzam yawanci suna da fari. A cikin hunturu, launin gashi yana da haske sosai, wanda yasa murzawar murƙuswa ta rugujewar yanayin dusar ƙanƙara. Duk waɗannan abubuwan bayyane bayyane bayyane. a cikin hoto muz.

Ba za a kira hangen nesan waɗannan dabbobi musamman da kaifi ba, amma ji da ƙanshi suna da haɓaka. Suna gudu da sauri suna iyo sosai. Waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa sun sami lakabi mafi girma a cikin Hemisphere ta Arewa.

Kimanin rabin mambobi ne na adadin muz suna zaune ne ga girman Rasha. Har ila yau, Moose ta yaɗu a cikin Ukraine, Belarus, jihohin Baltic, Poland da Scandinavia, a wasu ƙasashen Turai, har ma a Asiya, alal misali, a cikin Mongolia da China. Hakanan ana samun su a Arewacin Amurka, galibi a Kanada da Alaska.

Moose - wannan shine sunan ɗan adam wanda ke wakiltar dangi. Ba da daɗewa ba an yi imani da cewa ya ƙunshi nau'ikan jinsi guda. Amma tare da takaddar ƙira ta intrapecific akwai manyan matsaloli.

Yana da wuya a ƙayyade daidai da rarrabe adadin nau'ikan da kuma nau'ikan ƙasashe. Kuma a wannan karon, an rarraba dabbobi masu binciken dabbobi. Ilimin halittar jini na zamani ya taimaka amsa tambayoyin masu rikitarwa. Dangane da bayanai daga wannan tushe, bai kamata a rarraba halittar masara zuwa kashi daya ba, amma zuwa jinsin biyu.

Bari mu bincika su daki daki.

1. Yankin Gabas. An rarraba wannan nau'in cikin ƙasashen biyu: Turai da Caucasian. Wakilan su dabbobi ne masu tsayi, a wasu lokuta kan kai nauyin kilogram 650. Kaho irin wannan muza suna buge da sikelin 135 ko fiye da santimita.

Gashinsu yana da launin duhu. An yiwa alamar baya tare da baƙar fata. Da ɗan haske ƙarshen murfin da gashi a kafafu. Ciki da baya na kafafun wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa, da kuma leɓansu na sama, kusan fari suke.

2. Yamma ta yamma. Wani lokaci ana kiran wannan nau'ikan daban daban na Amurka, amma kuma daidai ne a kira shi Gabashin Siberian, saboda wakilan masarauta ta mulkin waɗannan mutanen biyu, a farkon gani, yankuna na duniyar daidai suke.

An rarraba wannan nau'in zuwa ƙananan Kanada da Ussuri. Irin waɗannan dabbobi kaɗan sun fi girma kaɗan fiye da dangi da aka bayyana a baya. Kuma iyakokin ƙahon nasu ya kai kimanin mita. Gaskiya ne, akwai banbancen, saboda a cikin Kanada da Gabashin gabas kuma zaka iya samun samfuran manya manya, nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 700.

Canza launi irin wannan shuɗar tana da bambancin launuka. Abun wuyansu da na sama sune yawanci mai launin shuɗi ko launin toka-toka. Kafafun da ke sama, da kuma bangarorin da ke ƙasa, galibi baƙi ne.

Rayuwa & Habitat

Jikin wadannan halittu bashi da daidaiton kyau, kuma kafaffun kafafunsu da sukayi karfi da jiki suna lalata wasu motsi. Misali, don shan giya daga kandami, Elk ba zai iya kawai karkatar da kansa. Dole ne ya shiga zurfi cikin ruwa, wani lokacin yakan faɗo a gwiwoyinsa, yayin da yake goge goshinsa.

Af, suna, da kafafun hancin, suna bautar da wannan dabbar a matsayin kayan aiki mai kyau don kariyar kai. Lokacin da fada tare da abokan gaba, bears ko Wolves, irin waɗannan halittu suna harbi ƙafafunsu na gaba, busa ƙafafunsu na iya karya kwanyar abokan gaba.

Elk – dabba, wanda furcinsa a cikin hunturu ya zama ba kawai mai haske ba, har ma ya yi kauri, har ya kai tsawon kimanin cm 10 Kuma a wuyan wuyanta ya bushe yana kara girma kuma ya ninka biyu.

Kakakin waɗannan halittun, suna canzawa zuwa sabo kowace bazara, abubuwa ne masu ban sha'awa. Da farko, suna da laushi da taushi, an rufe su da fatar fata, suna iya zub da jini lokacin da lalace kuma suka sha wahala daga kwari na parasa. A hankali sai suka taurare, suka zama da ƙarfi da faɗaɗawa.

Duk tsohuwar ta fi girma, da qara girma kahonta. Wadannan kayan adon an fara bayyana su ne a wata mai shekaru daya da haihuwa. A ƙarami, su ne ƙananan ƙaho. Irin wannan kambi a cikin tsofaffi ya ƙunshi ɗakin kwana, shimfidar wuri, wanda ake kira shebur. Hanyoyin suna haɗe zuwa wannan samuwar.

Tare da shekaru, da shebur ya zama faɗaɗa da ƙarfi, kuma girman ayyukan, wanda yawanci goma sha takwas ne, akasin haka yana raguwa. Sabili da haka, ta hanyar siffar ƙaho yana yiwuwa a ƙayyade shekarun dabba.

Faduwa tsohuwar “rawanin” kashi tana faruwa ne a watan Nuwamba ko Disamba. A lokacin sanyi, muzarar ba sa buƙatarsu, amma kawai, kasancewar tsaka mai wuya, yana hana motsin su, wanda hakan ke tayar da rayuwa cikin mawuyacin lokaci.

Bayan duk, ƙahon ana amfani da maza ba da komai ba don kariya, amma don jan hankalin mata da tasirin halayyar ɗan hamayya, kasancewa alama ce da ke nuna ƙarfi na maza. A ƙarshen kaka, yawan adadin kwayoyin halittar jima'i da ke cikin dabba dabba ya ragu, a sakamakon haka, ƙwayoyin da suke ƙarƙashin ginin ƙasusuwan sun lalace, ƙahonin kuma suna faɗuwa. Irin wannan rashi na ciwo da damuwa ba ya isa ga musiba. Kowane abu yana faruwa ta halitta.

Irin waɗannan kyawawan halaye mazaunan gandun daji, wani lokacin suna zaune da tuddai, kuma ana rarraba su sosai a yankin dajin. Sun fi son wuraren daji tare da rafuffuka da koguna, suna son su zauna a wurare masu narkewa.

Ba sa jin ƙauna mai yawa don motsi, sabili da haka ba safai suna ƙaura daga wuri zuwa wuri ba, sai dai idan suna neman zaɓi ƙasa da dusar ƙanƙara ne kawai don neman abinci ko a cikin hunturu. A lokacin rani, idan akwai abinci mai yawa, muzane sun gwammace su yi yawo shi kaɗai, amma tare da farkon yanayin sanyi, don tsira, ana haɗasu cikin ƙananan rukuni da garkuna.

Motsa farauta ba ta hana doka ba, amma yana yiwuwa ne kawai tare da takamaiman hane-hane. Wannan aiki ya shahara sosai, musamman tartsatsi a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. Dole ne in faɗi, yana buƙatar kwarewa sosai, wadatar zuci da haƙuri, amma duk da yanayi mai ban sha'awa, yanayin caca, wannan ba shi da haɗari.

Ganyen nama yana da ɗanɗano da baƙon abu, haka ma, baƙon abu bane, amma saboda dalilai da yawa, yin la'akari da wasu alamu, wannan tasa, wacce take kwatankwacin ƙima da naman alade, kuma jiki yana ganinta, likitoci ne suke bada shawarar yin amfani da su da yawa. Yawancin kayan masarufi masu ban sha'awa ana kirkiro su daga gare ta, abincin gwangwani da wadatar smus sausages ake yi.

Matan kanta an bambanta ta da yanayin kwanciyar hankali da sassauƙa. Af, don horar da irin wannan dabba abu ne mai sauki. Don yin wannan, ya isa ya ciyar da ɗan maraƙin daji, kuma nan da nan ya fara jin tausayin mutumin, wanda, tare da ci gaba da masaniyar masaniyar, na iya kasancewa a rayuwa.

Moose yana da amfani sosai ga mutane. Ana amfani dasu da ƙarfi don aiki da sufuri a cikin shinge da a kan dawakai, kuma zaku iya samun madara daga mose.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Inda ba a san irin wannan nau'in artiodactyls ba. Abubuwan halaye na yau da kullun a cikin sahat ana samun su a farkon Quaternary. An danganta da bayyanarsa ga Babban Plwaƙwalwa kuma an danganta shi da wani nau'in kusanci - Cervalces na Arewacin Amurka. Distinguaya daga cikin nau'ikan Quaternary an rarrabe, yana dacewa da ƙananan ɓangaren Pleistocene - gwiwoyi mai fadi.

Ana iya kiransa asalin magabacin Moose, wanda ana samunsu a ofasar Tarayyar Rasha. Kakannin wannan nau'in, a bayyanar da ta dace da bayanin zamani, sun hadu a lokacin Neolithic a cikin tsaunukan Ukraine, ƙananan Volga da Transcaucasia, a tekun Bahar Maliya, a Ireland da Ingila, Yammacin Turai, amma ba su wuce zuwa Balkans da Apennines ba.

Bidiyo: Elk

Artiodactyls sun mamaye manyan yankuna a arewacin Turai, Asiya, Amurka. A farkon karni na karshe, an rage kewayon, amma matakan da zasu dawo da jama'a ya haifar da cewa sahaty ta sake samo asali a cikin dazuzzukan Eurasia zuwa Vosges da bakin Rhine. Iyaka ta kudu ta gangara zuwa Alps da Carpathians, ta ɗauki wani sashi na yankin Don basin, Yammacin Transcaucasia, ta wuce yankin dajin Siberiya har zuwa ta Ussuri taiga.

Da dabbar ji mai girma a Norway, Finland da Sweden. An samo shi ko'ina a cikin Rasha a cikin gandun daji, sai dai Sakhalin da Kamchatka. An samo shi a arewacin Mongolia da arewa maso gabashin China. A kan nahiyar ta Amurka - a Kanada. Yawanda aka dawo dasu ya mamaye duk yankin dajin Amurka. Dabba mummuna a bayyanar. Shugaban yana da matukar elongated kuma yana zaune a kan babbar wuya. Her artiodactyl rike kusan a matakin wani hunchbacked withers.

Girman fuska mai ban sha'awa yana haɗe zuwa babban hanci tare da hadaddun guringuntsi. Yana wucewa sama sama, yana murguda baki.

Manyan kunnuwan suna da amfani sosai kuma suna nunawa a saman. Gashinan shine rabin tsawon kunne. Yana gama hawan kalma mai gangara kuma ya kusan gani. A wuyan rataye ya fito da wani nau'in fitarwa mai jakar da ake kira 'yan kunne. An haɓaka shi cikin maza kuma yana iya kaiwa tsawon 40 cm, amma galibi ba zai wuce cm 25 ba - kunne yana girma har zuwa shekaru huɗu a tsayinsa, sannan ya gajarta ya zama ya fi girma.

Me gwiwar hannu ke ci?

Hoto: Babban Elk

Wannan nau'in artiodactyl yana son manyan wuraren ciyawa, yana cin lichens (musamman ma na woody), bukukuwa a kan namomin kaza, ƙari, guba daga ra'ayi na mutum. Berry: 'Ya'yan itacen furanni,' ya'yan itacen biki, shuki, lingonberries da cin abinci tare da twigs. A lokacin bazara, godiya ga haɓakar haɓakarsa, yakan kama rassa da leɓunanta masu ƙarfi ya yanke ɗanɗano daga gare su.

Sukhaty fi son cin ganye da rassa:

Daga cikin tsire-tsire na herbaceous, mafi ƙaunataccen shine aikin wuta, wanda ke girma da yawa akan sharewa - wuraren da aka fi so na artiodactyl. A kusa da tafkuna da ruwa, yana ciyar da kallo, ruwan furanni, kayan kwalliyar kwai, marigolds, zobo, ciyawar ciyayi, calamus, sedge, horsetail da sauran tsire-tsire waɗanda ke girma tare da bankunan. A cikin kaka, abincinsa ya canza, dabba tana cin shootsa shootsan itace na bishiyoyi da gandun daji, yana cin ƙashin bishiyoyi.

Tare da rashin abinci, yana iya lalata ruwan bishiyar matasa da rassan fir, musamman ma a rabin rabin lokacin hunturu, amma kuma galibi yakan ɗanɗana willow, Aspen, rasberi, Birch, ash, dutsen ash, rassan buckthorn har zuwa 1 cm lokacin farin ciki. gefen inda yake heats da thaws.

A cikin duka, akwai:

• ya zuwa 149 samar da cututtukan angiosperms,
• 6 samar da kayan motsa jiki, kamar su Pine, Juniper, yew,
• daban-daban na ferns (5 genera),
• lasisi (4 a cikin),
• namomin kaza (11 genera),
• algae, misali, kelp.

Koda koda kira wannan ɗan itacen ɓawon tsintsiya - "moot", ko ivedo - "shektates", saboda tana kan rassan bishiya. Sunansa na yau da kullun shine "igiyoyin ruwa", mafarautan camfe suna tsoron amfani da su.

A wannan shekarar, dabbobi masu shayarwa suna cin abinci har ton bakwai na abinci, wanda:

• haushi - 700 kilogiram
• harbe da rassa - 4000 kg,
• ganye - 1500 kg
• herbaceous shuke-shuke - 700 kilogiram.

A lokacin rani, rabon abinci na yau da kullun na iya kaiwa daga kilogiram 16 zuwa kilo 35, kuma a lokacin hunturu kusan kilo 10 ne. A cikin hunturu, muzirin sha kadan kuma da wuya ya ci dusar ƙanƙara, yana guje wa asarar zafi, amma a lokacin rani yana iya zana ruwa ko ruwa mai narkewa daga mintina 15 zuwa awa ɗaya, kusan ba tare da tsangwama ba.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Moose a lokacin rani

Sukhaty ba shi da hankali, tsoro, koyaushe yana kan gaba. A cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, fi son hanyoyi da aka doke. Kasuwancin gandun daji suna jin kunya daga wuraren da dusar ƙanƙara ta fi zurfin 70 cm kuma tattarawa tare da gangara mai duhu, inda shimfidar ya cika. Rashin nauyi yayi yawa a cikin dusar ƙanƙara kuma artiodactyl ya kasa, kodayake ƙafafu masu tsayi suna taimakawa don shawo kan wuraren dusar ƙanƙara.Mooan marayu matasa suna bin wannan hanyar ta manya.

Yayin ciyarwa, dabbar tana tsaye, tana cin abinci daga saman duniya, tana ƙoƙarin yaɗa ƙafafun ta, ta durƙusa, mooan ƙaramin motsi sau da yawa. A cikin haɗari, dabbar tana dogara da ƙarin ji da ilhami, yana gani sosai talauci kuma baya lura da mutum mai motsi. Mutane ba sa kai wa Moose hari, a cikin lokuta na musamman, lokacin da suka ji rauni ko kare protectan sandar.

Lokacin da kullun yake, dabbobi masu shayarwa suna aiki koyaushe. A lokacin sanyi, suna hutawa har sau biyar a rana, amma tare da dusar ƙanƙara ko a ƙarshen hunturu har zuwa sau takwas. A yanayin zafi mara nauyi, ana nutsar dasu cikin dusar ƙanƙara, daga wanda kawai ana iya ganin shugaban, ya kwanta tsawon awanni. A lokacin iska mai ƙarfi, manyan gandun daji sun ɓuya a cikin ɓera. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 30, an daga lika akan gonaki na musamman don amfani da shi a cikin ayyukan soja, har ma an ƙarfafa bindigogi na ƙaho a kan ƙaho. Sun koya musu don bambance jin Finnish da Rashanci kuma don ba da alama. Dabbobin sun kama muryar mutum a nesa fiye da kilomita.

A farkon watan Yuni, sahats suna aiki yayin rana. Tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki da kuma fitowar ɗumbin ƙwaƙƙwaran dawakai da gadflies, artiodactyls suna da sanyi, inda akwai iska da ƙarancin kwari. Zasu iya tsayawa a cikin kananan conifers na matasa, a wuraren buɗaɗɗun wurare, wuraren da ba zurfi, tare da bankunan jikin ruwa. A cikin ruwa mara zurfi, dabbobi suna kwance cikin ruwa, cikin wurare masu zurfi suna shiga ciki tare da wuya. Inda babu wuraren ajiyar ruwa, Kattai suna faɗuwa a kan wuri mara nauyi, amma da zaran ya ɗora, sai su tashi su nemi sabon.

Ba wai kawai ciyayi ne ke sa suyi kwance ba, zafin ne yake jurewa waɗannan artiodactyls, don haka a lokacin rani sun fi son hutawa ta rana.

Abokan gaba na makiya

Hoto: Elk tare da ƙaho

Daga cikin manyan makiyan muzarar ana iya kiransa bears. Mafi sau da yawa, suna kai hari ga artiodactyls lokacin da suka farka daga ɓoye. Yawancin lokaci suna bin mata masu juna biyu ko kai hari ga munanan. Iyaye mata na kare yaran. Musamman masu haɗari shine tasirin goshin. Ta wannan hanyar, ungulate na iya kashe beyar, ko maƙiyi

Wolves suna tsoron kai hari ga manya, su sanya shi fakiti kuma kawai a baya. Mafi sau da yawa daga masu hasashen launin toka, jarirai suna mutuwa. A cikin hunturu mai dusar ƙanƙara, karnukan kyarkewan ba sa rike da masu hikima, har da samari. A cikin hadari, gandun daji mai yawa ko lokacin dawowar bazara mai sanyi, garken zai iya fitar da ɗan maraƙi ko ɗan maɗaukaki. Babban artiodactyls ba zai iya tsayayya da lynx ko wolverine, waɗanda ke tsare ganima cikin farauta akan bishiya. Sama daga sama, mafarautan sun manne wa wuya, suna ciji da jijiyoyin wuya.

Mouse m kwayoyin, dawakai da dawakai sunada matukar muni. Su larvae na iya shirya cikin nasopharynx. Tare da adadinsu, wahalar numfashi ya bayyana, dabbobi masu shayarwa sun gaji, tunda yana da wahala gare shi ya ci abinci, wani lokacin ma yakan mutu. Daga kwari na horseflies a kan kafafu na dabbobi bayyana rashin warkasuwa raunuka cewa zub da jini.

A cewar shaidun gani da ido, akwai shekarun da dabbobi, azabtarwa suka azabtar dasu, suka fita zuwa gida ba tare da maida martani ga karnukan ko mutane ba. Mazauna ƙauyukan sun zubo ruwa a kan dabbobin da suka ciji, cike da hayaki, amma sun kasa ceton kowa daga mutuwa.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Hoto: Dabbobin dabba

Sakamakon kamun kifi mara iyaka, daidaitaccen yawan mazaunan gandun daji ya fara raguwa daga ƙarni na 19. A farkon karni na karshe, an lalata dabbobin, ko kusan rugujewa, a yankuna da yawa inda aka samo ta a baya, duka a Eurasia da kuma Arewacin Amurka. Haramcin wucin gadi akan farauta, matakan kiyayewa ya haifar da maido da martabar tsoffin mazauna yankin. Daga fata na gwiwar hannu, camisoles da wando, wanda ake kira "leggings", an zana su a gabanin.

A ƙarshen 20s a yankuna da yawa na Rasha yana yiwuwa a kirga ƙima ba ƙima ba. Sharuɗɗa don hana kamun kifi (ban da Siberiya) ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa karuwar kasuwancin ya fara a ƙarshen 30s. Hakanan, dabbobi sun yi ƙaura zuwa mafi yankuna na kudu, inda ƙananan gandun daji suka bayyana a wuraren tarwatsewa da lalata ciyayi.

A lokacin Yaƙin Jiha na Patriotic, yawan artiodactyls a cikin ɓangaren Turai na Rasha ya sake raguwa sosai. A cikin 1945, an gabatar da dokar hana farauta, kuma aka fara gwagwarmaya mai kyar da kyarkeci. Ragewar adadin adadin masu launin toka, ƙungiyar wuraren kiyayewa, ƙaddamar da kamun kifin mai lasisi sune abubuwan yanke hukunci waɗanda suka tasiri hauhawar adadin dabbobi.

Yawan namomin da ke cikin yankin RSFSR sun kasance:

• a cikin 1950 - dubu 230,
• a shekarar 1960 - dubu 500
• a 1980 - dubu 730
• A shekarar 1992 - 904 dubu

Sannan raguwar ta fara, kuma a shekarar 2000 adadin yakai mutum 630 dubu. Tare da mafi girman kewayon, a lokaci guda a Arewa. Ya zuwa yanzu munanan miliyan 1 sun rayu a Amurka, dubu 150 a Norway, dubu 100 a Finland, da dubu 300 a Sweden. Kuma wannan yana cikin ƙasashe inda kusan an gama lalata dabbar. Matsayin wannan dabbobin na duniya an tsara shi azaman "rashin damuwa".

A Rasha, a cewar masana, har ma la’akari da abubuwan da ke tattare da gandun daji, yana yiwuwa a kara adadin masar zuwa miliyan uku, yanzu adadinsu ya kai dubu 700-800. Kodayake ba a yiwa wannan dabbar barazanar hallaka ba, yana da kyau a ƙara kulawa da amincinsa da kuma ƙara yawan dabbobi. Elk na iya zama cikin fursunoni don nama, abinci, fata, madara.

Launi

Gashin gwiwar gwiwar suna da launin baki ko launin ruwan kasa-baki a saman jiki. Yana da sauƙin juya cikin launin ruwan kasa tint a ƙasan. Limasan ƙananan ƙafa suna da kyau. A lokacin rani, launin muzirin yayi duhu.

Wataƙila duk wanda ya karanta bayanin moose a cikin rubutattun bayanai ya san cewa sax suna da mafi yawan tashin hankali a tsakanin dukkanin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Matsayinsu ya kai 180 cm kuma nauyinsu ya kai kilo 20. Kakakin ya ƙunshi babban akwati da siket da lebur, sheƙa, ƙaramin kayan sheƙa, kewaye da hanyoyin goma sha takwas. A cikin dabbobi masu shekaru daban-daban, tsawon tafiyar matakai, tsayin su, da girman spade din nasu daban ne. Tsohuwar sean murhu, da ƙarfi a cikin ƙahon sa, shebur yana da fadi, kuma yadda ake ginin ya fi guntu.

Shekaru daya bayan haihuwa, kananan ƙaho ke girma a cikin garken dabbobi. Da farko suna da taushi, an rufe su da fata mai laushi da gashi mai laushi. Ana soke ƙahonin da magudanan jini, saboda haka suna cutar da ɗan dabba da cizon kwari kuma yana jinya lokacin da ya ji rauni. Watanni biyu bayan haka, ƙahonin suka taurare, kuma bayarwar jini ta ƙare a cikinsu. A cikin shekaru biyar, saukarwar gwiwar hannu (antler) ya zama babba kuma mai nauyi: spade yana faɗaɗawa, kuma hanyoyin zai zama yayi guntu.

Shin an jera shi a cikin Littafin Jan?

Mun kawo muku takaitaccen bayanin muz. Sabon littafin Lutu, da aka yi sa'a, har yanzu bai sake cika da wannan dabba ba. Amma tunda lambar tasa har yanzu tana raguwa, ya kamata a kiyaye waɗannan dabbobin daga masu bautar. Koyaya, ana haɗa sokhaty a cikin Littattafai Red yankin na wasu yankuna da jamhuriyya, inda saboda dalilai daban-daban adadinsu ya ragu sosai. Misali, an hada gwiwar hannu a cikin littafin 'Red Book of Omsk'.

A lokacin rani

A lokacin rani, abincin dabbobi ya ƙunshi irin waɗannan kayan haɗin:

1. Ganyen bishiyoyi da shukoki: Aspen, ash, ash ash, Maple, ceri tsuntsu.
2. Umbrella ciyawa mai tsayi girma a kan konewa da murna: fireweed, Willow shayi, meadowsweet meadowsweet, nettle.
3. Tsire-tsire suna girma kusa da ruwa ko swamps: agogo mai ganye uku, lililin ruwa, horsetails, sedge (a cikin bazara da farkon bazara).
4. Namomin kaza.
5. Rassan da berries na lingonberry, blueberry.

A lokacin rani akwai abinci mai yawa, amma wannan bai isa ba yadda yakamata ayi aiki da sashin dabbar. Tushen abinci mai gina jiki ya kasance rassan, ba tare da wanda narkewar tsarin narkewa cikin dabbobi ba. Sakamakon rashin rassa a cikin gidan namun, dabbobi masu ciyawar dabbobi suna mutuwa, dukda cewa sauran abubuwan ciyarwa suna da yawa - hay, maida hankali.

A cikin hunturu

A cikin farkon rabin hunturu, dabbobi suna cin bishiyoyi masu raɗaɗi da shukoki: raspberries, Willow, Pine, ash ash. Su ne da amfani linden da kuma karkata. A karo na biyu da rabin hunturu, suna ciyar da abinci. Sauyawa zuwa irin wannan abincin ba saboda rashin nau'in abinci ne masu dacewa ba, amma ga buƙatun jiki. Ciyarwar hunturu da aka tilastawa sun hada da harbewar birch wanda ke dauke da rashin abinci mai gina jiki

Don overwinter ba tare da lahani ga kiwon lafiya, dabbobi ci hay. Suna cinyewa har zuwa 1 kilogiram na hay kowace rana. Yin nazarin abincin da ayau ke zaɓa a cikin hunturu, masana kimiyya sun yanke shawara cewa hay ba abincin tilastawa bane. Sokhats fi son hay, har ma da yalwar deciduous da abinci coniferous.

A cikin yankuna na kudanci, dabbobi suna ciyar da itaciyar itace da lasisi. A arewa, da ciyawa, daskarewa, kuma bakarare ba za su iya ci, kuma an ɓoye lasir ɗin a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara. A ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara akwai sauran ciyarwa: sedge da Berry bushes. Don guje wa asara mai zafi, suna shan ruwa kaɗan kuma basa cin dusar ƙanƙara.

Habitat

Ana samun Moose a cikin Hemisphere na Arewa. Rarraba a Rasha (daga Kola Peninsula zuwa gungumen daji a kudu), a Turai (Finland, Norway, a arewacin Ukraine, Hungary, Poland, a cikin kasashen Baltic). Hakanan, suna zaune a cikin kasashen Asiya: Gabas ta Tsakiya, Mongolia ta arewa da arewa maso gabashin China. An samo dabbar a cikin ɓangaren taiga na Siberiya, har zuwa gandun daji-tundra. Suna zaune a Amurka: a gefen arewa maso gabas, a Alaska da kuma a Kanada.

Yanzu, yawan almara bai yi barazanar lalacewa ba, amma a cikin karni na 19 dabbobi da ke zaune a Turai sun lalata gaba daya. Tun daga 1920, matakan aiki sun fara kare matakan ƙira da maido da adadinsu a Turai.

Yankin

A cikin Rasha, mazaunin birni ya ƙunshi kusan dukkanin gandun daji da tundra-tundra. A cikin hunturu, dabbobi suna rayuwa a cikin kananan gandunan tsibiri na bishiyoyi masu lalacewa, suna zaɓar kwarin da tsaunuka suke da kariya. A ɗaukar mazaunin waɗannan dabbobin suna da faɗi sosai:

• a lokacin rani ana iya ganin su a cikin tundra ta buɗe fewaruruwan kilomita kaɗan daga yankin daji,
• wani lokacin, dabbobi sukan isa gaɓar tekun arewa,
• A cikin hunturu suna yawo kudu zuwa guguwar-tundra.

Akasin yawancin mashahurin imani, gwiwar hannu ba dabba ce taiga ba. An kirkiro wannan ra'ayin ne a daidai lokacin da kusan dabarun hallaka wadannan dabbobin a tsakiyar Turai.

Za'a iya bambance wuraren zama na gaba:

1. Forest-steppe - coniferous ko cakuda gandun daji a cikinsu akwai kwari, ƙananan koguna, ƙoguna. A cikin gandun daji, muzikan sun gwammace su zauna inda matasa suka girma da kuma gobarar da ke girma da yawa - abincin da aka fi so da ciyawa. Waɗannan dabbobin ba sa rayuwa cikin gandun daji ba tare da wuce gona da wuri ba, tare da dogayen bishiyoyi. Moza sun fi son zama tare da bakin gabar tabkuna da koguna, a cikin busasshen Willow da marshes.
2. Lesotundra. Moose zaɓi bishiyoyin birch da bishiyun bishiyoyi don rayuwa.
3. Bankunan koguna da tafkuna. Suna neman tekun da ke cike da bishiyoyi da ƙananan bishiyoyi. Sau da yawa, muzamo zaɓi ciyawar da aka rufe da bishiyar ciyawa, bishiya, Willow. Dabbobi suna cin tsire-tsire masu ruwa.
4. Mountain taiga. Ana samun Sukhoi a yankuna tare da sauƙin kai - kwarin kwari, fadama ko maɓuɓɓugan ruwa. An samo Moose a tsawan sama har zuwa 1800-2000 m sama da matakin teku, kuma a cikin Altai a cikin char da ciyawa - har zuwa 2200-2400 m.

Zabi yanayin rayuwa mai dacewa, ƙwanƙwasa tana neman kyakkyawan tsari daga munanan ayyuka. Wannan lamari yana da matukar muhimmanci a rayuwar dabba. A wuraren da mutane da sauran abokan gaba zasu iya gano su, dabbobin suna ɓoyewa da rana a cikin ɓarna mai yawa na katako ko ci gaba mai ban tsoro. Zai yi wuya mu ga muzarar a can.

Moose zaune a cikin yanki na dogon lokaci. Wannan ya faru ne sabili da salon rayuwa na dabbar da kuma cewa zasu iya yin tafiya zuwa kananan nisan wurare don neman abinci. A lokacin rani, nisan motsi daga sushi ya fi girma a lokacin hunturu. A cikin lokacin sanyi, suna yin yawo zuwa ƙasa mai dusar kankara daga wuraren da dusar ƙanƙara ta kai cm 70. Ana lura da wannan yanayin a Siberiya, Urals da Far East. A lokacin bazara, dabbobi sun koma mazauninsu. A lokacin hunturu, muzurun suna zaune ne a rami mai duhu, saboda a cikin inuwa dusar ƙanƙara tana da sauƙi.

Abokan gaba

A cikin dabbobin daji, ƙisassu bashi da maƙiyan halitta. Girman sa da karfin sa yana tsoratar da kananan magabata. Bears kawai (grizzly ko launin ruwan kasa) da kyarkeci na iya kawo musu hari.

Udan zuma sun fi son farauta a wuraren arewacin da akwai dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa. Suna barin ramin kuma suna tsare muz, ko kuma ƙoƙarin korar wanda aka azabtar cikin matsanancin ramin da ke hana muzarar yaƙar ƙyallen. Bears farauta da taurin kai, wani lokacin ma sukan bi sharar fage a kan dusar kankara na tsawon kilomita da dama. Mafi sau da yawa, beyar yakan hari ga maciji mai ciki ko ƙaramar muzurai. Matan da ke kare 'ya'yansu suna yin tsawa. Babbar fada da beyar na iya cutar da shi ko kuma kashe shi da hura wuya.

Wolves sun fi son dabarun farauta daban-daban. Sun zabi wuraren da karancin dusar ƙanƙara take, saboda ko da ƙananan masar ba sa iya shiga cikin tsananin dusar ƙanƙara. Yana da wuya kerkeci ya kawo hari ga wani dattijo, saboda yana iya magance saƙar sa. Kadai, ƙyarkeci da wuya. Garkunan makiyaya suna fuskantar farmaki, suna zuwa daga baya.

Predaramar attackarara suna kai hari ga dabbobi da raunuka ko kuma matattun dabbobi. Babban abokin gaba na muzain shine mutum. Tun zamanin da, mutane sun nemi farauta ga nama da fata.