BA KYAUTA BA - wani nau'in gurɓataccen abu na jiki wanda haɓakawa na ƙashin yanayi na yanayin amo. Ya kasance musamman ga birane, wuraren kewaye da abubuwan sararin samaniya, wuraren masana'antu, mummunar tasiri ga mutane, dabbobi har ma da tsire-tsire ... ... ictionaryamus na Mahalli
Rashin iska - gani. EdwART Bayanin Ma'anar gaggawa, 2010 ... Maanar Maganar gaggawa
BA KYAUTA BA - Wani nau'in gurɓataccen abu na jiki wanda haɓakawa na ƙashin yanayi na yanayin amo. Musamman na yau da kullun don biranen, mahallin airdromes, wuraren masana'antu, mummunar shafar mutane, dabbobi har ma da tsire-tsire Dictionaryamus ... ... Dictionaryamus na sharuɗan kasuwanci
amo - Wani nau'i na jiki, a matsayin mai mulkin, gurbatawar mutum, wanda ke haifar da karuwa da yawaitar hayaniya sama da matakin halitta, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwa ga mutane, raguwa a cikin aikin hankalinsu, kuma idan ... ... Littafin Jagora na fassarar fasaha
amo - Sautin sauti a cikin yanayi, yana haifar da mutum da rashin jin daɗin rayuwa ko ma lalacewar gabobin ji ... Dictionaryamus na labarin ƙasa
amo - 6.11 amo na gurbata yanayi: Wani nau'i na zahiri, a matsayin mai mulki, gurbatawar mutum, wanda ke haifar da karuwa da yawan hayaniya sama da matakin halitta, wanda ke haifar da karuwar gajiyawar mutane, raguwarsu ... ... Gloamarar takaddara ta fasaha da adana bayanai
amo - - [A.S. Goldberg. Ictionaryamus na Ingilishi na Rasha. 2006] Makamantan makamashi gaba ɗaya EN gurbata iska ... Jagorar Fassara ta Fasaha
Utionasa mai gurbata yanayi - ilasa da isabi'a wani nau'in lalata ƙasa ne, wanda a cikin abubuwan ƙasan sunadarai suke ƙarƙashin tasirin ɗan adam wanda ya haɗu da matakin asalin yanki na abubuwan da suke cikin ƙasa. Babban taken ... ... Wikipedia
Gurɓatar ƙasa - Gurɓataccen iska ta hanyar gurɓataccen masana'antu a Nizhny Novgorod ... Wikipedia
Kwayar cuta - Cutar iska wani tsari ne na gurbata canjin yanayin iska, ruwa, ƙasa sakamakon maye shi da abubuwan da ke yin barazana ga rayuwar halittu masu rai. Iri gurbatawar Kwayoyin cuta ba… Wikipedia
Yadda halaye game da gurɓatar amo suka canza
- Idan kun tuna abin da biranen tsakiyar zamanai suka nuna a cikin al'adar pop ta zamani, ba makawa cewa harshenmu zai juya ya kira su masu tsabta. A titunan keken shara, babu tsarin magudanar ruwa, mutane ba su da al'adun tarin datti da ake dasu a yau. Amma a lokaci guda, ba wanda ya taɓa faɗi cewa a cikin biranen da suka gabata akwai wasu nau'ikan matakan gurɓataccen yanayi - wannan ba magana ce ta gaggawa ba.
Menene matsalar a lokacin? Gaskiyar ita ce gurbata ra'ayi ne wanda ke da tasiri mai tarin yawa. Kuma zamu kira gurbata yanayi yayin da akwai datti da yawa wanda zai bada tasirin tasiri a duniya.
A cikin yanayin sauti, wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman, saboda takamaiman wannan sabon abu na jiki shine cewa na gida ne. Ina yin sauti, kuma ina iya ji a nan. Kuma bayan sararin sama, sauti bai daina kasancewa a wurin. Wannan yana nuna cewa amo ya yi yawa har yana ba da ƙarin sakamako.
Motar ta hau, fitar da hayaki ya faru, an ji injin, ya gudu - amma a lokaci guda akwai abubuwa da yawa na sauti da ba zai yiwu ba su lura da shi. Wannan yana kasancewa wani nau'i ne na yau da kullun, kullun, wanda shine halayyar wannan ƙasa.
Yana da ma'anar yin magana game da gurbata amo tun daga wayewar gari, daga tsakiyar karni na 19, lokacin da masana'antu ke ci gaba da bunkasa a manyan biranen. Mutane suna hawa da yawa daga ƙauyen - birni yana buƙatar aiki, kuma mutane suna buƙatar aiki.
Yawancin rukuni na aiki an tsara su ne a yankuna kusa da wuraren masana'antu. Ta hanyar ƙa'idodin zamani, suna da matuƙar ƙaunar muhalli: suna samar da adadin adadin watsi, gami da amo. Ana iya ganin wannan daga hayaƙin da ke fadowa daga bututu, ana jin sautin daga kayan aikin injin da ke yin sauti na wasu mita.
Idan kun yi imanin masu bincike na kasashen waje, daga tsakiyar karni na 19 har zuwa 30s na karni na 20, babu wanda ya sha'awar matsalar amo daga ra'ayi na doka. Yau mun fahimci cewa lamarin na iya zama da wahala matuƙar wahala.
Ayyukan Engels akan matsayin aji a Ingila sun bayyana yanayin mawuyacin halin rayuwa da aikin mutane. Sannan mutane sun birkita wasu kananan dakuna, ana fuskantar matsanancin amo sosai a lokacin aiki da kuma bayan. Saboda masana'antar sunyi aiki ba tsayawa ba. Kuna zaune mita biyar daga injin aikin, yana ci gaba da aiki, saboda wani mutum ya shigo don canzawa. Amma ba wanda ya yi magana game da wannan. Bai taɓa faruwa ga kowa yayi tunani akan tsarin shari'a ba don ya sami damar daidaita hakan. Tattaunawar ta fara ne a shekarun 30 zuwa 40.
Me yasa a wannan lokacin, kuma ba a farkon ba? Motoci suka bayyana. Duk da Henry Ford da dimokiradiyya na masana'antar kera motoci, na dogon lokaci sune farkon mawadata. Masana'antu sun mayar da hankali ga gidaje don masu aiki, kuma mutanen da suka mallaki waɗannan masana'antu suna zaune a wurare masu kyau da kwanciyar hankali.
Lokacin da motoci suka fara bayyana a cikin 30 - 40 - tsawa, musamman ta matsayin yau - don mutane wannan ya zama matsala. Abubuwa sun bayyana a garin wanda hakan na iya zama rashin jin daɗi. A wannan lokacin, tattaunawar ta fara: ta yaya za a daidaita wannan, menene hayaniya da abin da ba hayaniya ba? Amma kafin zuwan tsarin doka, akwai wasu ma'aurata shekaru da suka wuce.
Yadda hayaniya ke shafar kiwon lafiya
A hanya mai kyau, duk ƙauyuka ya kamata suna da taswirar amo. An nuna mahimman hanyoyin amo a can: filayen jirgin saman, filayen jirgin sama, ƙungiyoyin masana'antu da manyan hanyoyi. Idan kayi tunanin birni, tattalin arzikinta da kuma yanayin yanki gaba ɗaya, to kai kanka zaka zana irin wannan taswira.
Rashin ji wata ma'ana ko mafi ƙarancin ra'ayi; akwai takamaiman lambobi. Don gine-ginen gidaje da yankuna da ke kusa da wuraren zama, 55 dB al'ada ce ta rana, 45 dB na dare. A cikin asibitoci - 40 dB da 30 dB, bi da bi. Kuna iya tunanin cewa da daddare a asibiti bai kamata ya zama matakin ƙara yawan magana ba. Idan muka dube wannan, nan da nan zamu fahimci cewa waɗannan lambobin sun bushe sosai.
Wani wasan kashe wuta da yake tashi a ranar jubili ko ranar bikin aure ba daidai yake da wanda makwabta ta fashe da wuta game da Ranar Hawan Sama. Sauti wani abu ne mai rikitarwa mai sauƙi fiye da abin da za'a iya lissafawa ya ce: wannan sauti ne, amma wannan hayaniya ce. Abinda ba amo ba ne daga matsayin duba tsarin dokoki ba koyaushe bane hayaniya a garemu.
Daga ina waɗannan ka'idojin tsabta suke? Me ya sa suke da muhimmanci a gare mu? A cewar WHO, amo shine abu na biyu bayan gurbatar iska, wanda yake da matukar tasiri a jikin dan adam. Daga bangaren lafiya, tunkude amo a kai a kai na iya zama cutarwa. Abu mafi sauki wanda zai iya faruwa shine lalacewa ta hanyar ji.
Labari mara dadi na gaba shine cututtuka na tsarin juyayi. Cutar rashin daidaituwa na rayuwa a cikin babban birni shine ciwon kai na dindindin, wanda ba koyaushe muke iya yin tarayya da gurbataccen amo ba. Kuma har zuwa ɓacin rai da neurosis - quite mai tsanani yanayin yanayi. Haka kuma, ana iya samun sakamako na jinkiri yayin da jihar ba ta da haɗin kai tsaye tsakanin abin da ke haifar da sakamako.
Misali, kuna aiki a ofis mai saurin kuka, gajiya sosai, daukar hutu mai tsayi (wata biyu ko uku), barin zuwa filin karkara, ba komai - kuma damuwa ta fara. A zahiri, kowa ya ce: "Kuna da takaici saboda ba ku yin komai - koma ofis. Kana wauta ko'ina - kai ma kana da bacin rai. ” Wataƙila tsarin ya ɗan bambanta.
Yara suna cikin babban hadari musamman, tunda suna da matsalar damuwa da ke tattare da haɗuwa da hayaniya kuma yana iya haifar da jinkiri a ci gaban jiki da na hankali.
Mene ne ilimin jahilci kuma ta yaya yake barazanar mutane
Al'adarmu na gani ne: idanunmu a gare mu sune mahimmin sashin fahimtar abubuwa. Mun dogara idanu, amma ba kunnuwa ba. Don tabbatar da bayanan a kimiyance, kuna buƙatar gina jadawalin hoto, iya gani, sanya shi akan taswira - kawai a zahiri za mu iya ganin wani abu ne. Waɗannan ba maganganun magana kawai bane - waɗannan alamu ne na al'adun da muke rayuwa sama da ƙarni.
Mun ci gaba da gina birane, ci gaba da ƙirƙirar yanayin birni wanda muke rayuwa da dogaro ga idanunmu - yana da mahimmanci a gare mu yadda komai ya kasance don haka yana da kyau, jituwa, daidai da dokokin ƙididdigar launuka, masu dacewa da launi, har ma da kyau kama daga sama. Don haka, yanayin birni ya zama da gani sama da lokaci. Kuma ba a kula sosai da yadda garin zai ji.
Designirƙiri na dogon lokaci ya iyakance ga hanyar samarwa - takarda da fensir. Babu wasu kayan aikin don tsara yanayin sauti. Saboda haka, ana iya gano sautin sararin samaniya kawai ta hanyar aiki. Sun gina ginin - kuma bayan hakan ne kawai suka fahimci cewa akwai wani irin amsa kuwwa, anan ne muka ji abin da ke faruwa a dakin na gaba. Duk waɗannan sakamako ne na bazuwar, wanda ba wanda ya iya tunanin sa.
Wannan shine ya haifar da yanayin da mai sauti theorist Raymond Murray Scheifer ya gano a shekarun 60-70s. Ya yi lafazin sanannen salon magana kuma ya tsara matsalar karancin sauti.
Schaefer ya ce duk mazaunin wannan duniyar tama ba shi da ilimi. Ciki har da kwararrun masana wadanda suka kirkiro birane kuma suka zauna tare da kararrawa da sauti. Schaefer ya gabatar da wani shiri don haɓaka iya karatu da rubutu tare da ilmantar da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masanan da zasu canza duniya da kyau.
Yadda za a magance gurɓacewar amo
[Tare da gurbatawar gida] Kowane mutum na iya yin wani abu. Misali, barin mota da canja wuri zuwa jigilar jama'a, da tilasta makwabcin ka ya nuna hali daban. Ba za mu iya sake gina manyan hanyoyinmu da hannuwanmu ba, ba za mu iya matsar da filayen jirgin saman ba, amma akwai ƙananan matakin da muke ɗauka a cikin samar da kayan aiki mai kyau.
Tasirin hayaniya a jikin ɗan adam babban labarine na doka da tsabta. Amma kowa zai iya fahimtar halin da kake ciki. Misali, zaku iya saukar da aikace-aikace don tantance amo - ba kwa bukatar ku kira tashar tsabta da kuma annobar cutar don wannan - kuma ku fahimci tsarin lambobin da ke kewaye da ku kowace rana.
Labari na biyu ya fi daɗi - saboda ba batun lambobi ba ne, game da alaƙar mutane ne, halayyar birni, hali ga juna. Yana da wuya koyaushe yana da wuyar fahimta a nan wa ke daidai, wa ya kamata a zargi, abin da ke da kyau, abin da ba shi da kyau - a ina wannan layin marasa tsayayye yake wucewa. Amma tunanin wannan ta hanyar, zaku fahimci yadda zaka iya bayar da gudummawa ga inganta yanayin sauti.
Rashin iska
Rashin gurbataccen yanayi ya sami matsayin matsalar muhalli na megacities. Masana kimiyya suna kimanta shi a matsayin ɗayan cutarwa sakamakon karuwar sauti, ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma tasirin duban dan tayi akan ɗan adam a lokacin rana.
Duk tsawon lokacin rayuwa, mutane suna rayuwa da hayaniya, amma sautin yanayi na yanayi da wuya a iya kiransa abu mai saurin fushi. Akasin haka, suna da tasirin gaske akan lafiyar kwakwalwa. A tsawon lokaci, saurin ci gaban fasaha ya haifar da bayyanar gurɓataccen amo, mara kyau ga muhalli da mutane.
Yadda hayaniya ta zama matsala
"Harshen yana da yawa har yana haifar da tasirin da ake iya gani a idanun duniya. Sauti abu ne na gida: motar ke motsawa, shaye-shaye ya faru, mun ji injin yana aiki, ya tafi. Amma akwai lokaci mai yawa na sauti da zai iya yiwuwa ba zai yiwu a lura ba. Wannan ya kasance kamar wani sakamako na yau da kullun, kullun, wanda halayyar wannan ƙasa ce, ”in ji Ksenia Mayorova.
Rashin gurbatawar iska ya fara ne yayin birni a tsakiyar karni na XIX - masana'antu na haɓaka sosai, kuma mutane sun ƙaura daga ƙauyuka zuwa birane saboda neman kuɗi. Workingungiyar aiki tana zaune a cikin yankuna kusa da wuraren masana'antu, inda ake yawan hayaniya daga kayan aikin injina da hayaɗo cikin iska. Friedrich Engels a cikin littafinsa "Matsayi na Aiki a Ingila" ya baiyana shekarun 1940: mutane da yawa suna zaune a kananan dakuna kuma suna fuskantar hayaniya a lokacin aiki da kuma bayan aiki.
“Shuka ta yi ta ci gaba: canzawa ya kare, kuna zaune mita biyar daga injin din, wani kuma ya karɓi ragamar aikin. Amma bai taɓa faruwa ga kowa ba don ƙirƙirar tsarin doka don ko ta yaya zai iya tsara wannan, yana jaddada Mayorova. "Bai taɓa faruwa ga kowa ba cewa wannan matsalar ba komai." Tattaunawa game da sautin amo ya tashi ne kawai a cikin 30-40s na karni na XX - bayan yaduwar amfani da motoci. Bayan wasu 'yan shekaru gami da ci gaban ka’ida ta fara aiki.
Yanzu duk ƙauyuka suna da taswirar hayaniya wanda za'a nuna manyan hanyoyin sauti mai ƙarfi, a matsayinka na mai mulkin, waɗannan sune filayen jirgin saman, filayen jirgin sama, ƙungiyoyin masana'antu da manyan hanyoyi. A cewar Mayorova, akwai kusan takardu 300 game da dokar hayaniya a barikin majalisun dokokin Rasha. A cikin tsarin shiryawa na tarayya, an bayyana amo kamar sautin da ba'a so ko cutarwa wanda aka halitta sakamakon aikin ɗan adam.
Kuna iya yin gunaguni game da hayaniya a Rospotrebnadzor: ƙwararrun sashen za su iya fita su ɗauki ma'auni. A cikin gidaje da yankuna kusa da wuraren zama, matakin amo bai kamata ya wuce decibels 55 ba yayin rana da kuma decibels 45 na maraice. A asibitoci, waɗannan sune sikeli 40 da 30, bi da bi. Shawarwar mutum ita ce decibels 25, magana ta al'ada ita ce decibels 40, kukan yaro ko kukan tsohuwa 80.
Sanadin
Kowace shekara ana samun yawaitar tushen gurɓataccen amo. A halin yanzu sun hada da:
- auto, iska da kuma jirgin ƙasa kai,
- masana'antu
- gini, gyara,
- sigina,
- kukan karnuka
- shago iska,
- compressors.
Hayaniya ya taso ne daga ayyukan mutane. A cikin wuraren da ke zaune a manyan biranen, matakansa na iya zama mai ƙarfi kamar yadda zai yiwu, saboda kyakkyawan tsari na tsarin birni (wurin filin jirgin sama, masana'anta, masana'anta kusa da ginin mazaunin).
Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da gurbatawa shine gurbata amo daga motoci (motoci, jirgin ƙasa, jirgi). Yana da tasiri mara kyau a kan mutum zagaye agogo, wannan ana jinsa musamman da daddare, lokacin da jiki ke buƙatar hutawa.
Godiya ga cigaban zamani, hayaniya na iya faruwa kai tsaye a cikin gidaje. Dalilin sune kayan gida (firiji, TV, injin wanki, rediyo, kayan komputa har ma da kayan wasan yara na lantarki).
Rashin lafiya da lafiya
A cewar masana na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, gurbata amo shine ɗayan abubuwan da ke da haɗari ga muhalli da ke tasiri cikin rashin hankali da lafiyar hankali. Bayyanar yau da kullun don amo zai iya haifar da asarar ji da cututtuka na tsarin juyayi. “Babban abin tashin hankali a cikin babban birni shine ciwon kai na dindindin, wanda ba koyaushe muke iya haɗuwa da gurɓacewar amo ba.Kuma ga rashin kwanciyar hankali, ga neurosis, zuwa matsanancin yanayin asibiti, ”in ji Mayorova. A cewarta, za a iya samun sakamako jinkiri daga bayyanar amo: bayan wani aiki mai tsawo a ofis mai karfi, mutum na iya jin daɗin rashin hutu a ɓoye.
Masanin ya yi nuni da cewa mazaunan manyan biranen kan ninka yawan tasirin amo a kansu - suna amfani da belun kunne tare da babbar kida, suna kokarin "ihu" jirgin karkashin kasa ko wasu sautuka mara dadi. "Koyaya, sauti abu ne mai rikitarwa: baza ku iya lissafawa ba kuma faɗi inda sauti yake da kuma inda amo yake. Abinda ba amo ba ne a cikin majalissar dokoki ba koyaushe hayaniya muke a gare mu ba. Wani wasan kashe gobara da ya tashi a ranar jubili ko ranar bikin aure ba daidai yake da wanda makwabta suka tayar da bama-baman ba a lokacin tashin jiragen saman Sojan Sama, ”in ji masanin.
Yara suna cikin babban haɗari - idan yaro ya sami matsala ta rashin hankali sakamakon bayyanar hayaniya, zai iya haifar da jinkiri a ci gaban jiki da na hankali, rage ikon koyo da rage taro.
“Waɗannan sune matsalolin rashin lafiya waɗanda ba za a iya dangantawarsu da wannan ba da alama mara lahani ne da tashiwa kamar hayaniya a kan titi. Ksenia Mayorova ta ce ba komai ba ne.
Bambancin hayaniya
Akwai wani rarrabuwa game da tasirin sauti. Masana sun gano nau'ikan gurɓataccen amo, dangane da dalilai.
Yankunan da aka rarraba da kuma rarraba:
- amo tsarin - bayyana saboda motsi na oscillatory dangane da wani abu,
- iska - tashi saboda wannan dalili, amma tushen ba a haɗa shi da komai ba, sauti yana shiga cikin iska (alal misali, ƙararrawa mota).
Yanayin bayyanuwar amo:
- na inji
- sararin samaniya (injin roka, compressors),
- hydrodynamic (motsawa cikin ruwa),
- lantarki (aikin na'urorin lantarki).
Yawancin nau'ikan bayyanar hayaniya na iya faruwa lokaci guda (aikin ginin a kusa da babbar hanya, haɗin gwiwa yana aiki da wasu bangarori). Duk wani zaɓi na gurɓataccen sauti na iya haifar da matsalolin rashin hankali da lafiyar jiki.
Kariyar surutu
Tooƙarin magance matsalar gurɓar amo, ɓangaren mutane suna amfani da belun kunne - suna ƙirƙirar yanayin sauti mai ɗauka don kansu. Mayorova ya yi ishara da cewa hanyoyin kare kai suna jujjuya kansu: yayin da mutum ya kara fuskantar amo, to ba zai kula da shi ba. “Idan mutum ya shiga yanayin karancin sauti, to ya saba da shi. Zai yi da'awar ya zama haka, saboda yana da dabarar kare kai, karbuwa, ”in ji masanin.
Ta yi nuni da cewa mutane suna kirkirar yanayin birni ne bisa hangen nesa, tunda idanun sune ainihin tushen bayanai. "Ba a kula sosai da yadda birni zai ji. Sun yi kokarin gano sautin sararin samaniya ne kawai saboda yawan cin zarafin su, ”in ji ta. Fitacciyar mawakiyar Kanada a Raymond Murray Schaefer ta kira wannan yanayin a matsayin ilimin bugu sannan ya ba da shawarar a koyar da masu zanen kaya don kula da sautin sararin samaniya.
Ksenia Mayorova ta jawo hankali ga matsalar “dan kadan mafi sauki da kuma karancin fahimta” - alakar mutane da juna. Mutane na iya yin tasiri cikin matakan amo na gida da kansu: kada a yi magana da babbar murya ta wayoyi a wuraren jama'a, a ƙi mota a maimakon jigilar mutane, a yi shiru tare da maƙwabta.
"Ba za mu iya sake gina manyan hanyoyin a kanmu ba, don canja wurin filayen jirgin saman. Akwai matakin sauti kamar mu: dukkan mu muke taka rawa wajen samar da sauti idan muna tafiya, idan muna magana. Zamu iya yin tasiri akan wannan. Tambaya ce a yi tunani - menene ingantacciyar hanyar amfani da sauti da kuma yadda ku mazaunin birni za ku iya yi don inganta yanayin sauti, ”in ji masanin.
Kowace rana muna yin rubutu game da mahimman batutuwan ƙasarmu. Mun tabbata cewa za a iya shawo kansu kawai ta hanyar yin magana game da abin da ke faruwa da gaske. Sabili da haka, muna aika da masu rahoto akan tafiye-tafiye na kasuwanci, buga rahotanni da tambayoyin, labarai na hoto da kuma ƙwararrun masaniya. Muna karɓar kuɗi don kudade masu yawa - kuma ba mu da wani amfani daga gare su akan aikinmu.
Amma "Irin waɗannan al'amuran" kansu da kansu sun kasance ne saboda godiya. Kuma muna roƙonku ku ba da gudummawa ta wata-wata don tallafawa aikin. Duk wani taimako, musamman idan na yau da kullun ne, yana taimaka mana muyi aiki. Hasalima, ɗari ɗari, ɗari biyar rubles shine damarmu don tsara aiki.
Da fatan za a yi biyan duk wata gudummawa a cikin yardar mu. Na gode.
An aika da sako zuwa akwatin saboxo mai shiga mai dauke da hanyar haɗi don tabbatar da daidai adireshin. Da fatan za a bi hanyar haɗin don kammala biyan kuɗi.
Idan sakon bai isa tsakanin mintuna 15 ba, duba jakar Spam. Idan harafin ba zato ba tsammani ya fada cikin wannan jaka, buɗe wasiƙar, danna maɓallin "Kada a zartar" kuma danna maɓallin tabbatarwa. Idan saƙon ba ya cikin babban fayil ɗin Spam, sake gwada yin rajista. Wataƙila ku yi kuskure lokacin shigar da adireshin.
Hakkoki na musamman ga hoto da sauran kayan mallakar marubutan ne. Dole ne a yarda da kowane kayan aiki akan abubuwan na uku tare da masu haƙƙin mallaka.
Ga dukkan tambayoyi, tuntuɓi [email protected]
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(Minti na 1 1 da aka 01.20.2020)
- Darajar wannan tayin na jama'a
- Wannan tayin na jama'a"Bayarwa") wani tsari ne na Asusun Kayan Agaji don Taimakowa ga Jama'a Marassa kariya "Suna buƙatar Taimako" ("Asusun"), cikakkun bayanai waɗanda aka nuna a Sashe na 6 na Mai bayarwa, a cikin Darektan Aleshkovsky Dmitry Petrovich, suna aiki bisa ga Yarjejeniya, don kammala tare da duk wani mutumin da zai amsa tayin ()"Bayarwa"), yarjejeniyar bayarwa ("Yarjejeniyar"), a karkashin halayen da Mai bayar ya bayar.
- Wannan tayin kyauta ce ta jama'a daidai da sakin layi na 2 na Mataki na 437 na Civilungiyoyin ofungiyoyin ofasa na Russianasar Rasha.
- Da tayin zai yi aiki a ranar gobe da za a buga a shafin yanar gizon Asusun a kan yanar gizo a nuzhnapomosh.ru.
- Tayin yana da inganci har abada. Asusun na da hakkin ya sake bayar da kyauta a kowane lokaci ba tare da bayani ba.
- Za a iya yin gyaran da kuma bayar da ƙari, wanda zai yi aiki ranar da za su sake ranar da za su aika shafin yanar gizon Asusun.
- Rashin ingancin ɗayan sharuɗɗa ɗaya na mai bayarwar ba ya haifar da rashin ingancin duk sauran halaye na Mai bayarwa.
- Ana ɗaukar Wurin Bayar da birnin Moscow, Tarayyar Rasha.
- Muhimmin sharuɗɗan Yarjejeniyar
- A karkashin wannan yarjejeniya, mai ba da gudummawa ya tura kudin nasa a matsayin gudummawa da yardar rai ta kowane bangare da aka ayyana a cikin sashi na 3.2, kuma Asusun ya amince da bayarwar kuma yana amfani da shi daidai da ka’idojin ka’idar Asusun.
- Canza kuɗaɗen Asusun a ƙarƙashin wannan Bayarwa kyauta ce bisa la’akari da Mataki na 582 na Civilungiyar Civilungiyoyin ofasa na Russianasar Rasha. Kasancewar an bayar da gudummawar ne ya tabbatar da cewa mai bayarwar ya yarda da sharuɗɗan bayarwa.
- Bayan karɓar gudummawa ga ƙungiyar da ke halartar shirin bayar da taimako na.ru ko kuma shirin, Asusun zai aika da gudummawar 100% ga wannan ƙungiyar. Asusun ba ya hana kaso na kudaden da aka karba ba.
- Dalilin bayar da gudummawar: an tura kyautar sadaka zuwa aiwatar da ayyukan da aka bayar na izinin Asusun.
- Hanyar gama yarjejeniya
- An kammala kwangilar ta hanyar karɓar Bayarwa ta mai bayarwa.
- Mai bayarwa zai iya karɓar tayin ta hanyar canja wurin kuɗi ta kowane hanyar biyan kuɗi wanda aka nuna akan rukunin yanar gizon, wato:
- ta hanyar canja wurin kudade ta mai bayarwa don yarda da Asusun tare da odar biyan kudi a cikakkun bayanai da aka ayyana a cikin sashe na 6 na bayarwa, wanda ke nuna “gudummawa don ayyukan ƙa'idar” ko kuma “bayar da gudummawa don aiwatar da ayyukan Taimako" Bukatar Taimako ..ru ", a cikin layin:“ dalilin biyan kuɗi ”,
- ta amfani da tashoshin biyan kuɗi, katunan filastik, tsarin biyan lantarki da sauran hanyoyi da tsarin da aka gabatar akan gidajen yanar gizon https://nuzhnapomosh.ru/, https://takiedela.ru/, https://sluchaem.ru/, https: // tochno.st/ - kyale mai bayarwa don canja wurin kudi zuwa Asusun,
- ta hanyar sanya tsabar kudi (akwatunan kudi ko tsabar kudi) a cikin kwalaye (kwalaye) don tara gudummawar da Asusun ya bayar ko kuma wasu kamfanoni a madadin da kuma amfani da Asusun a cikin jama'a da sauran wurare.
- Ayyukan da Mai ba da gudummawa na kowane ɗayan ayyukan da aka bayar a cikin sashi na 3.2 na Mai bayarwa ana ɗaukarsa karɓar Mai bayar daidai ne da sakin layi na 3 na Mataki na 438 na Civilungiyoyin ofungiyoyin ofasa na Federationasar Rasha.
- Ranar karɓar Bayarwa kuma, daidai da haka, ranar ƙarshen Yarjejeniyar ita ce ranar karɓar kuɗi daga mai ba da kyauta zuwa asusun Asusun, kuma idan har ana bayar da gudummawar kuɗi ta hanyar akwatuna (akwatuna), ranar cire kuɗi daga akwatin (akwatin) ta wakilai na Asusun da aka ba su izinin tattara abubuwan taimako. .
- Mai ba da gudummawa bai kafa iyaka lokacin amfani da gudummawar da Asusun ya bayar ba.
- Hakkoki da alationsadun jam’iyyun
- Asusun ya zama dole ya yi amfani da kudaden da aka karba daga mai bayarwa a karkashin wannan yarjejeniya matukar dai dai da dokokin kasar Rasha na yanzu da kuma a tsarin ayyukan ka’idoji da shirye-shiryen bayar da agaji “Bukatar Taimako. Ru” da “A yi daidai”.
- Mai ba da kyauta yana da 'yancin, bisa ga ra'ayinsa, don zaɓar abin da taimako, yana nuna daidai Dalilin biyan kuɗi yayin canja wurin gudummawar kyauta. An buga jerin abubuwan yau da kullun na ayyukan da ginin da ke gudana cikin shirin bayar da taimako na Helikatu ta yanar gizo, a shafukan sada zumunta da kafofin watsa labarai. Kuɗin da aka karɓa daga mai ba da gudummawa a matsayin gudummawar da Asusun bai kashe cikakke ba ko kuma a wani ɓangare saboda rufe buƙatar bisa ga dalilin gudummawar ba a komar da su ba, amma asusun ya sake ba shi daban-daban don wasu dalilai na dokoki.
- Bayan karɓar kyauta ta kyauta ba ga asusun na yanzu tare da buƙatun ba, Asusun zai tantance amfanin shi, yana ci gaba daga abubuwan da majalisar ta amince da su, waɗanda sune ɓangaren ɓangare na ayyukan Asusun ko kuma jagorantar da su ga kuɗin Asusun don bukatun gudanarwa daidai da Dokar Tarayya ta 135 na 08/11/1995 . "A kan sadaka da kungiyoyin taimako").
- Mai ba da kyauta ya cancanci karɓar bayani game da amfanin gudummawar. Don aiwatar da wannan haƙƙin, Asusun ya sanya a shafin yanar gizo:
- bayani kan adadin gudummawar da Asusun ya samu, gami da yawan gudummawar da aka karba don bayar da taimako ga Asusun ga kowane takamaiman aikin,
- bayar da rahoto game da amfanin abubuwan gudummawar da aka karɓa, ciki har da Asusun don taimakawa kowane takamaiman aikin,
- bayar da rahoto game da amfani da gudummawar idan akwai wani canji a cikin dalilan da aka gabatar da gudummawar. Mai ba da kyauta wanda bai yarda da canji ba a manufar samar da kudade yana da hakkin ya nemi rubutacciyar wasika a rubuce cikin ranakun kalanda 14 bayan buga wannan bayanin.
- Asusun bai ɗauki wasu wajibai ga mai ba da gudummawa ba, sai don wajibin da aka ayyana a cikin wannan Yarjejeniyar.
- Sauran yanayi
- Gudanar da ayyukan da wannan Bayar ta bayar, Mai ba da gudummawa ya tabbatar da cewa ya san yanayin da rubutun wannan Bayar, manufofin Asusun da Ka'idoji kan shirin bayar da agaji "Bukatar Taimakawa.ru" da "Don Yin Daidai", ya fahimci mahimmancin ayyukansa, yana da kowane haƙƙi a gare su. zartarwa da cikakken yarda da sharuɗɗan wannan Tayin
- Wannan Hutun yana gudana ta hanyar kuma an tsara shi bisa ga dokokin Federationungiyar Rasha.
- Bayanin Asusun
Asusun Taimakawa don Taimako ga Citizensan ƙasa da ba su da tsaro, "Suna buƙatar Taimako"
Adireshin: 119270, Moscow, Luzhnetskaya embankment, 2/4, shafi 16, daki 405
TIN: 9710001171
Gearbox: 770401001
PSRN: 1157700014053
Lambar Asusun Biyan: 40703810238000002575
Lambar Corr asusun ajiyar banki mai biyan bashi: 30101810400000000225
Suna na bankin mai amfani: PJSC SBERBANK OF RUSSIA Moscow
BIC: 044525225Ta hanyar yin rijista a kan shafin yanar gizon Asusun Sadaka "Ana buƙatar Taimako", wanda ya haɗa da sassan "Jarida" (takiedela.ru), "Asusun" (nuzhnapomosh.ru), "Abubuwan da suka faru" (sluchaem.ru), "Don kasancewa daidai" (tochno .st), (“The Site”) da / ko yarda da sharuɗan tayin jama'a da aka sanya a yanar gizon, kun yarda da Asusun bada taimako don toungiyoyin Al'umma waɗanda basu da tsaro "Suna buƙatar Taimako" ("Asusun") don aiwatar da bayanan ku: sunan, sunan mahaifa, patronymic, lambar waya, adireshin imel, kwanan wata ko wurin haihuwa, hotuna, hanyoyin shiga shafin yanar gizo na sirri, asusun a cibiyoyin sadarwar zamantakewa, da dai sauransu ("Bayanai na kanka") a kan halaye masu zuwa.
Ana aiwatar da bayanan sirri ta Asusun ne don cimma yarjejeniyar bayar da gudummawar da aka yanke tsakanin ku da Asusun, don aika muku da saƙonnin labarai masu amfani ta hanyar imel, saƙonnin SMS. Ciki har da (amma ba'a iyakance shi ba) Asusun na iya aiko maka da sanarwar bayar da gudummawa, labarai da rahotanni kan ayyukan Asusun. Hakanan, ana iya sarrafa bayanan sirri don dalilai na aiki daidai na Asusun Keɓaɓɓen Mai amfani na Site a my.nuzhnapomosh.ru.
Asusun zai tsara bayanan sirri ta hanyar tattara bayanan sirri, yin rikodi, tsarawa, tarawa, adanawa, sabuntawa (sabuntawa, canzawa), cirewa, amfani, sharewa da lalata (duka amfani da kayan aikin atomatik kuma ba tare da amfani dasu ba).
Canja wurin Bayanai na mutum zuwa ɓangare na uku ana iya aiwatar da shi kawai a kan filayen da dokar Federationungiyar Tarayyar Rasha ta tanada.
Asusun zai tsara bayanan sirri har sai an cim ma maƙasudin aikin da aka ambata a sama, kuma bayan hakan za'a share shi ko kuma lalata shi, kamar yadda dokar Tarayyar Rasha ta buƙata.
Menene gurbataccen amo?
Da yake magana game da amo, suna nufin sautin, m, m, intrusive sauti cewa dauke da haushi. Rashin iska, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya ƙunshi ɗan adam wanda aka samar ta hanyar fasaha. An yi imani da cewa sautin asalin halitta yana da alaƙa da haushi. Amma wannan ra'ayin ba daidai ba ne, tunda rayayyun halittu sun dace da sautin halitta.
Misalin halayyar mazaunin birni shine amo. Sauti mai yawa na girma, ƙarfi, mita, cikawa a kan titi, a cikin ɗaki, ofis. A waje da ginin, mutane da dabbobi suna haɗuwa da ambaliyar motocin da yawa, wanda yake birni ga birni. Sauti na fasaha yana haɗuwa da mutum a cikin ɗaki.
Akwai nau'ikan amo uku:
- Rashin daidaituwa, mara ma'ana.
- Uniform ko ci gaba.
- Sha'awa, nan take.
A kallon farko, hayaniya ce ba ta dace ba idan aka kwatanta ta da gurɓacewar iska, tunda tasirinta ba shi da kyau sosai a farkon. Amma tasirin acoustic (nau'ikan biyu na farko), wanda ya wuce halayen halal, yana cutar da lafiyar ɗan adam da kowane yanayi.
Tasirin muhalli na amo yana da girma. Dabbobi, tsuntsaye, guje wa abubuwan sa haushi, barin wuraren zama. Halittu masu rai sun rasa dabi'un halittarsu, wanda shine yake basu canjin halayensu, kuma mafarauta, suna neman abinci ne ga gidajen mutane.
Tushen amo na gurbata yanayi
Aaukar cutar acoustic shine yawan fushi ga mazaunan birni, ma'aikatan masana'antu, da kuma wasu kungiyoyi daban-daban. Gurbacewar hayaniya da ta wucin gadi suna rakiyar mutane ko'ina, ganin yadda tushen sa suke kewaye da mu. Mazauna kowane yanki suna samun haushi daga:
- jirgin karkashin kasa jirgin kasa
- trams
- jiragen kasa
- jigilar hanya
- jirgin sama
- aikin gini.
Abubuwan da aka samo asali daga nauyin furucin suna ɗauke da yawancin abubuwan da aka saba kasancewa a cikin ofis, ɗaki, kantin sayar da:
- lif,
- kwandishan,
- firinta (copier),
- komputa,
- injin tsabtace gida,
- Wanke,
- Washer,
- firiji,
- TV,
- rediyo,
- hayaniya da makwabta suka yi
- kare kare
- karar mota
- kiɗa mai ƙarfi.
Tushen gurɓataccen amo wanda ke shafar muhalli a wajen ƙauyukan ɗan adam:
- ayyukana
- nawa
- tashar jiragen ruwa
- masana'antar masana'antu
- ikon tsirrai.
Duk nasarorin wayewar kai, sauƙaƙewa da haɓaka rayuwar mutane, ƙirƙirar haushi wanda ke shafar jikin mutum.
Dokokin Noise
Saurin haɓaka haushi acoustic ya haifar da yanayi inda ya zama dole a ɗauki matakan magance matsalar. Wannan ya shafi matakan don sarrafa yanayi da amo.
Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya don Karewar Jama'a ta gabatar da dokar dakatar da sautikan da ba su dace ba. Ana aiwatar da dokar hana fitar da amo a cikin Federationasar Rasha. Hasasar ta haɗu da matakai daban-daban don magance haushi acoustic:
- majalisa
- m
- tsari
- zane
- zanen gini
- fasaha da fasaha.
Dokar a fagen kayyakin kaya na kayan masarufi ya hada da ka'idojin jihar (2337-2014, 12.1.003-2014, 17187), dokokin tsabta da ka'idoji (2.2.4 / 2.1.8.562 / 96, 2.1.2.2645-10) wanda ke ayyanawa matakin halatta amo a cikin ƙauyuka. Dokar Tarayya mai lamba 52 ta Maris 30, 1999 ta ba da damar rashin haɗarin cutar mutane ta hanyar fitar da hayaniya.
Baya ga ayyukan da aka ƙayyade, ayyukan aiwatarwa na yanki, umarni, dokoki, da shawarwari suna aiki a kowane batun gudanarwa.
Gudanarwar surutu
A ƙarshen shekarun hamsin, "Organizationungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa don ressionarfafa Noise" ta fara aiki. Daga wannan lokacin, haɓaka ingantattun matakai don magance gurɓar amo da sarrafa ƙarar abubuwa daban-daban suka fara.
Sakamakon dogon aikin ƙungiyar, gwamnatocin ƙasa, cibiyoyin bincike, an tsara hanyoyin da ke sarrafa tushen yanayin:
- rigakafin
- sauti na amo a asalin sa,
- kafa shinge ga mai kara kuzari,
- fadada hanyar,
- kare jama'a daga illolin cutar gurbatacciyar iska.
Hanya mafi inganci don sarrafa amo na gurbatawar biosphere shine rigakafin. A cikin tsari da kuma gina masana'antu na masana'antu, filayen jirgin sama, tashar jirgin kasa, biranen, wuraren zama, manyan hanyoyi, ana lissafin nauyin kayan wutar lantarki. Sakamakon za a haɗa shi cikin ayyukan gine-gine, rarraba rarrabawa mai inganci.
Hanyar ingantacciya don sarrafa gurɓataccen amo shine don rage matakin sauti a cikin tushen. Tunda mafi girman nauyin jijiya yana faruwa ne ta hanyar sufuri a hanya, yana da kyau a kawo canji a ƙirar sa (shigarwa na masu yin shuru).
A masana'antun masana'antu, ana amfani da keɓaɓɓen kayan kariya na kayan aiki, kayan kwalliya mai laushi da abubuwan haɗawa. A wuraren gine-ginen, ana aiwatar da iko da matakin human Adam ta hanyar rarrabawa da kuma shirin aiki mara amfani.
Tasirin mutum
Binciken tasirin sauti a kan mutane ya fara ne cikin tsufa. Sarakunan biranen d introduced a sun gabatar da dokoki da ke hana tasirin hayaniya a cikin mutane da dare. Hakanan, masu ketare doka sun kashe ta hanyar sauti: kararrawa karar kusa da mai laifin, sannu a hankali ta kashe wani mutum da danshi.
A kan yankin na Federationungiyar Tarayyar Rasha, kashi 30% na mazaunan birane suna da saurin karuwar hayaniya daga motocin yau da kullun.
Na'urar auna sauti
An auna gurɓataccen iska a cikin decibels (dB) - raka'a na ma'aunin wakilcin ƙarar girma. Sautin, wanda baya cutar mutane da muhalli, shine 45 dB. Sauti wanda girmansa ya wuce 80 dB ana ɗaukar ƙazantar amo. Sautin raƙuman ruwa masu aiki kamar bera ana auna su a cikin Machs.
Don magance ƙazantar amo, an ƙaddara nauyin acoustic akai-akai. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da matakan ƙarar sauti - na'urori don auna matakin amo.
Mahimmancin na'urar shine cewa an karɓi motsin sauti ta hanyar makirufo, kuma yana wucewa cikin matatar mai kuma yana canzawa, yana aiki akan voltmeter. Ana nuna alamun kwalliya akan allon dijital. Yawancin matakan sauti na baturi suna aiki.
Matsayi na aiki
Matakan gurbacewar sauti a kan mutane ya bambanta. Tsinkayewar hayaniya ya dogara da dalilai da yawa:
- Shekaru - yara, tsofaffi sun fi kamuwa da tasirin amo.
- Temperament - choleric, sanguine wataƙila yanayin zai shafi yankin.
- Jinsi - mata basu da nutsuwa kamar maza.
- Halin kiwon lafiya - mutanen da ke da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta suna da hankali musamman.
- Yanayin rayuwa - mazauna wuraren da ke bakin aiki, gidaje ba tare da tsaftataccen sauti ba suna iya fuskantar amo musamman.
- Yanayin aiki - ma'aikatan ginin, ma'aikatan masana'antu, ma'aikatan ofis, malaman makaranta suna fuskantar kullun zuwa sautuka masu girma.
Wani lokacin mutum yakan yi nasara ga abin da ya faru kan tsawan abubuwa dayawa lokaci daya. Sakamakon wannan shine bayyanuwar bayyanar cututtuka.
Tasiri
A cikin mutumin da sautinsa ke shafa koyaushe, raunin rashin lafiyar na iya faruwa. Na farko alamun cutar amo ne haushi da kuma matsala barci. Ba za a yanke yiwuwar mutuwa da wuri ba saboda gurbataccen iska.
- Tasirin amo a kan mutum lokacin da yake bacci ya farka (da yamma yana haifar da canje-canje masu kaifi a hawan jini, da safe zuwa hanzarin bugun zuciya),
- sautin da aka saba (sautin gida, kwamfuta, kayan ofis).
Baya ga sautunan gama gari, ana fallasa mutane da sinadaran infrared da ultrasonic radiation. Ko da ɗan gajeren lokacin aikinsu na iya haifar da lalata cikin yanayi, yanayin rikicewa, damuwa, da tsoro. Kuma yawan ƙaruwa yana haifar da apathy, ciwon kai.
Yawan ƙazantar da birni da sauti na lalata mutane. Rashin haushi Acoustic yana tara wasu lokuta kuma yana haifar da sakamako mai warwarewa:
- cututtukan zuciya
- farin ciki,
- stun
- janye hankali
- ciwon zuciya, hanta.
Tasirin amo a kan gani da kuma kayan aiki na rage kiba, wanda ke haifar da hatsarori. Cikakken shiru shima yana haifarda rashin jin daɗi a cikin mutum, rage aiki. Sauti na zahiri (ganyayyaki marasa kyau, ruwa mai tsami, tsuntsu) suna da kyau ga lafiyar ku.
Tasiri a duniyar waje
Sauti na yanayi yana haifar da rikicewa a cikin daidaituwar yanayin tsarin tsarin halittu. Dabbobi, kwari sun rasa ikon kewayawa, sadarwa, neman abinci. Sun fara firgita da yin amo, da hakan, suna fusata ma'auni sosai. Kuma wakilan duniyar ruwa (dabbobin ruwa, kifi Whales) ana jifa zuwa bakin tekun sakamakon hayaniyar ruwa a tekun ta hanyar jiragen ruwan.
Maganin da aka sani shi ne lokacin da dubunnan tayi tayi tayi mutu'a sakamakon bushewar a kusa da ajiyar. Sautin fasahar, yaduwar kilomita 5-7, yana da mummunar tasiri a kajin. Kwayoyin tsirrai ma suna ba da ransu ga tsawa: tsirrai na fara ɓoye danshi a cikin yanayin haɓaka da bushewa.
Hanyoyin kariya
Kokarin mutum da hayaniya yana daɗewa. A cikin 1959, sun kirkiro Organizationungiyar Duniya don Ikon Saukar da Sauti. A wannan karon, an bullo da matakan kariya da rage yawan gurbataccen amo:
- Lokacin ƙirƙirar abubuwa "mai amo" (alal misali, waƙoƙin layin dogo), yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da kayan lantarki don gano yadda zasu "yin amo" da ƙoƙarin hana ko rage ƙararrawa.
- A cikin wuraren zama, ana aiwatar da kariya ta hanyar shigar da windows da ƙofofi na musamman, bango da matattarar kwano tare da bangarori masu ƙararrawa.
- Ana shigar da allo mai amo kamar yadda hanyoyin mota suke.
- An cire hanyoyi har zuwa dama daga cibiyoyin ilimi, asibitoci.
- An ƙirƙiri katunan Noise.
- Silencers an ɗora kan kayan aikin pneumatic.
- A cikin yankuna da matakin sauti sama da na al'ada, akwai dakuna kawai don ofisoshin, saboda cikin dare babu wani a cikinsu.
- Ma'aikata na masana'antu "mara sauti" yana da kyau a yi amfani da kunn kunne ko kuma belun kunne na musamman.
- An yi amfani da dogo ba tare da gidajen abinci ba (abin da ake kira "karammiski waƙa").
Ana auna matakin amo ta amfani da kayan kida na musamman da kayan aiki. Riga a 15 dB (decibels) - mai gamsarwa ga jikin mutum.
Matakan doka
Matsakaicin gurɓataccen amo kusan gaba ɗaya ya dogara da hankalin 'yan ƙasa, yadda suka kiyaye ka'idodin aminci. Akwai ƙungiyoyin jama'a masu cin gashin kansu waɗanda manufarsu ita ce tabbatar da yin shuru a cikin duhu (22: 00-06: 00 a ranakun mako, 23: 00-09: 00 a ƙarshen mako), don haɓaka girmamawa ga dokoki da waɗanda ke kewaye da su.
A cikin Rasha, akwai ƙa'idodi waɗanda ke nuna matsakaicin matakin sauti mai izini don wuraren aiki, wuraren jama'a, da gidaje. Iyakar damar izini yayin rana = 55 dB.
Rulesa'idojin yarda zasu iya haɗawa da cin hanci da rashawa, ƙuntatawa akan amfanin siginar mota a wuraren ajiye motoci, amfanin jama'a na karɓa, masu rikodin tef a lokacin da ba daidai ba. Tsarin buƙatun an kafa shi ta hanyar ƙananan hukumomi.
Abin takaici, mutane ba su iya lura da lokaci cewa sun fallasa su da amo kuma wannan yana haifar da mummunan sakamako. Don hana su daga tasowa, yana da mahimmanci a bi ka'idodin da suka gindaya yayin gida, don ƙin yin amfani da kayan masarufi a cikin gida, idan ya yiwu su tafi hutu a bayan birni, zuwa yanayi.
Sakamakon lafiya na amo
Zai yi wuya a iya tunanin tasirin amo a lafiyar mutane. Noises depress the nervous system, tsoma baki ga taro, taya, haifar da haushi. Kasancewa a koyaushe a cikin yankin da ke haifar da gurɓataccen amo yana haifar da hargitsi na barci da raunin ji. Abubuwan da ke haifar da tasirin sauti na iya haifar da rikicewar kwakwalwa.
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Tasirin tasirin amo yana da bambanci ga kowane mutum. Groupungiyar mafi haɗari sun haɗa da yara, tsofaffi, mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan cututtukan daji, mazauna wuraren raye-raye na dare a cikin birni, suna rayuwa cikin gine-gine ba tare da tsaftataccen iska ba.
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Tare da tsayawa tsayi a kan hanyoyin da ke aiki, inda matakin sautin yake kusan 60 dB, alal misali, tsayawa a cikin cunkoson ababen hawa, yanayin aikin mutum na iya tayar da hankali.
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Dokar Rage Ragewar Noise
A Rasha, daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, bincike mai ban sha'awa game da matsalar amo yana fitowa a cikin ƙauyukan-birane, amma a matakin tarayya, yankuna da na birni babu matakan aiwatar da tsari na musamman don magance gurɓar amo. Zuwa yau, dokar Federationungiyar Tarayyar Rasha ta ƙunshi wasu ƙa'idodi kawai game da kare yanayin daga hayaniya da kare mutane daga cutarwa.
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A cikin ƙasashe da yawa na Turai. Amurka da Asiya suna da dokoki na musamman. Lokaci ya yi da ya kamata mu zo. A cikin Federationungiyar Tarayyar Rasha, ya zama dole don aiwatar da doka ta musamman da ƙa'idodi kan amo da kayan aikin tattalin arziki don magance shi.
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Rashin ji zai yiwu yanzu
Idan mazaunan gidan suna da fahimtar cewa tushen hayaniya da rawar jiki sun wuce matsakaicin matakin izini (PDU), zasu iya tuntuɓar Rospotrebnadzor tare da da'awar kuma suna buƙatar binciken tsabta-epidemiological na wurin zama. Idan, dangane da sakamakon binciken, an kafa karuwa a cikin mashigin nesa, za a nemi mai cin zarafin ya tabbatar da aiki da kayan aikin fasaha (idan da su ne suka haddasa ƙarancin) bisa ga ka'idodi.
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Yana yiwuwa a tuntuɓi gwamnatocin yanki da na gundumomin gundumomin tare da buƙatun rage hayaniyar sake gina ginin. Awainiya don magance ingantaccen gurbata yanayi za'a iya warware shi a matakin masana'antar mutum ɗaya. Don haka ana amfani da tsarin rigakafin dabbobin kusa da layin dogo, kusa da wuraren masana'antu (alal misali, wutar lantarki) da kare wuraren zama da wuraren shakatawa na birni.
Tasirin gurɓacewar amo a cikin lafiyar ɗan adam
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, matakin ingantaccen sauti na rayayyun halittu shine 45 dB. Volumearar da ta wuce 80 dB tana da tasiri mara kyau ga lafiyar ɗan adam. Kullum, tara gurbataccen gurbataccen yanayi yana haifar da matsaloli masu zuwa:
- gajiya,
- neurosis
- rashin barci,
- raguwa a cikin abin lura na hankali,
- atherosclerosis,
- angina pectoris
- bugun zuciya.
Bugu da kari, gurbataccen amo na 100dB ko mafi girma yana haifar da asarar ji mai ɗorewa. Hadarin waɗannan da sauran cututtuka yana da yawa, tunda faɗakarwar amo yana tarawa. Assessmentididdigar cutarwar ƙwayoyin sauti zuwa takamaiman ƙwayar halitta mai yiwuwa ne kawai akan lokaci (bayan shekaru 5-10).
Idan kullun kuna kusa da motoci, masana'antar masana'antu, lafiyarku ta lalace lokacin da ƙarar ba ta fi 80dB ba.
Isticsididdigar ƙazamar amo a biranen Rasha
Ba a samun bayanai kaɗan a bainar jama'a a kan asirin wutar lantarki a cikin cunkoson jama'a na ƙasar. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ana gudanar da irin waɗannan nazarin ba da wuya ba, kuma babu wata hanya ko hanya guda don ƙuduri matakin gurɓataccen amo.
Idan aka kwatanta tasirin motoci akan asalin yanayin gari, masu binciken sun lura cewa babban tasirin hum yana cikin megacities: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Vladivostok, Novosibirsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Chelyabinsk, Samara, Rostov-on-Don, Omsk. Haɓakar amo na yanayi a cikin waɗannan biranen ya ninka sau da yawa fiye da sauran ƙauyuka na Rasha.
Estididdigar yawan abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin daidaituwa wanda ke kara nauyin wutar lantarki (jirgin ƙasa, masana'antun masana'antu, wuraren gine-gine, tashar jirgin sama a cikin iyakokin garin, haƙa ma'adanan), a cikin biranen Federationungiyar Tarayyar Rasha, an rarrabe su (don rage matakin amo):
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