Yanki: Eukaryotes

Mulkin: Dabbobi

Nau'i: Arthropods

Fasali: Kwayoyin cuta

Squad: Yawo

Iyali: Lamellar

Jinsi: Alaramma

Duba: kwari—rhinoceros

A ina kwari suke?

Amma ga kewayon irin ƙwayar rhinoceros, yana da faɗi sosai. Wadannan kwari basa rayuwa kawai a cikin tundra.

Za a iya samun kwayoyi a cikin yankuna masu zuwa:

• A Arewa maso Gabashin Turkiya,
• A Arewacin Afirka
• A cikin Turai,
• A Kudu maso gabas Asia,
• A cikin Caucasus
• A cikin Ciscaucasia,
• A Arewa da Gabashin Iran.

Ana ɗauka nau'ikan goma na abubuwan da suka fi yawa. A cikin kasashen CIS, zaku iya samun nau'ikan halittu uku da ke zaune daga taiga zuwa hamada. A cikin daji, bishiyoyin rhinoceros suna zaune a cikin dazuzzuka masu dazuka da dazuzzukan daji na Turai. Mafi sau da yawa, suna zaune a kan rafin kogin da kuma kwari. An kuma lura da nau'in a kudu maso yammacin Siberiya. A Kudancin Asiya, zaku iya samun babban rhino dabino wanda ke cutar da itacen kwakwa.

Bayanin

Jiki da gabar wata irin ƙwayar rhinoceros sun ƙunshi bangarori - bangarori. An raba jikin kanta zuwa bangarori uku: kai, kirji, ciki. A wannan yanayin, kirji ya ƙunshi bangarori 3, da ciki - na 8.

Jikin bishiyar ƙwayar bishiyoyi yana da sifar da aka sani, convex da fadi. Namiji yana da jiki kwatankwacinsu, kuma mace tana da ɗanɗaɗaɗa abu kaɗan.

Proffum na namiji ya fi na mace girma. Pronotum yana da tabarma mai rikicewa mai guda 3 tare da toshewar ciki, 2 (a kaikaice) waɗanda suke da yawa da kuma masu juyawa. Tsarin tsakiya na tsakiya shine triangular a siffar. Pronotum yana da ƙirar triangular a gaba, wanda ke ɗaure ta kan iyaka mai laushi. Pronotum na mace ya fi karami sosai daga tushe na elytra, kuma karami ne fiye da na namiji.

Shugaban kwaro yana kusa da jikin ɗan ƙarami. Lywaƙwalwa sau uku a cikin siffar, namiji yana rufe da doan ƙananan dige, wanda, sabanin mace, kada ku haɗa shi, kuma a gefen gaba ya ƙare da ƙaramin, ɗan ƙaramin gefen. Antenna da ke kan kai, an jingine da ita don samar da mace farantin farantin.

Guda biyu na kafafu ƙafafun ana kasancewa a kan kirji, don haka kowane nau'i na ƙafafu ya dace da kashi ɗaya na kirji. Hannun yatsun ya kunshi sassa 5, kafafun gaba suna da ƙyalli kuma suna narkewa, ragowar suna ƙare da gammaye kuma ana buƙatar motsi. Wata gabar jiki tayi kamar tana tafe ko'ina.

A cikin maza, fashewa - ƙaho - ya fi yawancin shugaban. Tun daga tushe har zuwa sama, sautin a hankali ya narke, yana da sassan tsallake-tsallake-tsallake da kuma lanƙwasa suttura, ana karkatar da shi daga sama.

Mata ma suna da kaho, amma ba a faɗi sosai, shugabancin abu iri ɗaya ne da na namiji, a birgice ne ake ihu. A cikin maza masu bunƙasa al'ada, ƙahon ya kai tsayi mai yawa; a cikin al'ummomin da suka ci gaba, tsinkayen ƙaho ya wuce tsawon kahon mace. Har yanzu ba a san ma'anar ƙaho ba. Kwaro bai yi amfani da shi ba idan an kai hari ko kariya.

Launi da girma

Namijin rhinoceros, a matsakaita, ya kai mita 25-43 a tsayinsa, kuma mace 26-41 mm. Launi na baya na irin ƙwaro ya bambanta daga launin ruwan kasa mai duhu zuwa launin ruwan kasa-ja. Abun ciki da na kusa sun fi haske, launin shuɗi-launin shuɗi cikin launi, an rufe shi da gashin launin shuɗi. Murfin chitinous na irin ƙwaro yana da haske.

Girman jiki, launi da tsawon ƙaho na irin ƙwaro suna da yawa sosai kuma sun dogara da yanayin muhalli. Don haka manyan mutane suna da launin duhu mai sauƙi da ƙaho mai ƙarfi da ƙazantawa. Don haka ƙananan maza suna kama sosai a cikin bayyanar ga mace.

Tsarin ciki

Tunda irin ƙwayar rhinoceros mallakar ajin kwari ne, tsarinta na ciki yayi kama da tsarin wasu wakilan wannan aji.

Kusan dukkanin gabobin narkewa suna narkewa a cikin ƙwaro, wanda zai iya zama shaida cewa ƙwayoyin ba su ci komai ba, amma suna karɓar kuzari don rayuwa daga abubuwan da aka tara a baya.

Tsutsotsi suna shakar iskar oxygen, wanda ke shiga cikin yanayin ƙwayoyin ciki wanda ke kan kirji da ciki na kwari. To, daga jijiyoyin, oxygen shiga cikin shambukan numfashi - trachea, wanda ke mamaye duk gabobin, kuma oxygen kai tsaye yana zuwa dasu kyauta.

Ba a rufe tsarin wurare dabam dabam kuma yake raguwa sosai. Zuciya tana da kamannin bututu, wanda ya kasu kashi zuwa ɗakunan da baƙin buɗe ido. Tsokoki da ke tare da su sun haɗu daga ɗakuna zuwa bangarorin, waɗanda ke yin kwangila da narkar da hemolymph a cikin aorta. Daga cikin aorta, hemolymph yana gudana zuwa cikin sarari tsakanin gabobin kuma yana cika su. Bayan haka sake tara hemolymph a cikin zuciya ta cikin ɗakunan. Hemolymph ba ta da launi.

Ayyukan ƙwayoyin ƙwayar cuta a cikin ƙwaro suna aiki ne ta tasoshin malpighian da jikin mai kitse. Jirgin ruwan Malpighian na bakin ciki ne, ya rufe da makanta a ƙarshen bututu. Sun tashi daga cikin ruwan ciki tsakanin tsakiya da hanji na ciki.

A jikin mai, ana adana uric acid nodules. Jiki mai kitse shine "kodan tarin" ƙwaro, tunda ba a fitar da uric acid daga gare ta ba.

Tsarin juyayi yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa abubuwa masu rikitarwa na jiki gaba daya. Tsarin juyayi na tsakiya ya ƙunshi kwakwalwa, sarkar jijiya na ciki wanda ke gudana tare da gefen jikin mutum, da kuma kashin ƙwallon ƙafa (periopharyngeal ganglion). Kwakwalwa ta ƙunshi sassa uku. Peripharyngeal ganglion yana da haɓaka. Kusan dukkanin waɗannan sassan suna asirin neurosecrets, waɗanda ke da alhakin haɓaka da haɓakar kwari.

Iri daban-daban

Kada kuyi tunanin cewa wannan kyakkyawa ne, kuma, gabaɗaya, halittar mara lahani, wanda muke haɗuwa lokaci-lokaci a cikin yanayi, kuma wasu masoya suna kiyayewa a cikin ƙwayoyin dabbobi, shine kawai wakilcin irinsa. Misali, kwayoyin halittar Oryctes kadai sun hada da nau'ikan halittu 40. Yawancin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin rhinoceros suna da ban sha'awa.

Na nau'ikan halittu, masu ban sha'awa sune:

• Herculean irin ƙwaro (Dynastes herkules)

• Unicorn irin ƙwaro (Dynastes tityus)

• Jafananci rhinoceros irin ƙwaro (Trypoxylus dichotomus)

• asian ko dabino rhinoceros irin ƙwaro (Oryctes rhinoceros)

• Labarin Australiya na yau da kullun gama gari (Xylotrupes ulysses)

• Gwanin rohin neotropical ko giwa irin ƙwaro (giwayen Megasoma).

Gabaɗaya, an bayyana nau'ikan wannan kwari sama da 1,500, kuma muna fatan cewa za a sabunta wannan jerin a gaba.

Halaye da salon rayuwa

Yanayin nau'in halitta na nau'ikan ya hada da yanki na gandun daji mai lalacewa da gandun daji-steppe, inda mazaunansu gandun daji iri ne daban-daban, gami da kuma tsiron dabbobi. 'Ya'yan ƙwayoyin daji suna zaune a itacen oak, Willow da sauran nau'ikan. Haɓakawa yana faruwa a cikin tushen da kuma bututun tsoffin bishiyoyin matattu, ƙasa da sau da yawa a cikin magudanun rami da wuraren ɓoye.

Tsawon lokacin tafiyar jirgin saman tsintsiya ya kasance daga watanni uku zuwa biyar. Sun bayyana a karo na biyu na Maris ko Afrilu kuma sun ɓace a lokacin rani, a cikin Yuli-Agusta. Beeta beetan Rhinoceros galibi suna barin matsugunansu a ƙasa kawai cikin duhu. Kwatsam da ya bayyana a farfajiya yayin rana, irin ƙwaro, kamar rhinoceros na gaskiya, yakan kama wata katuwar itace ya kasance tare da ƙaho kuma yana kan hanyarsa zuwa cikin zurfin duhu mai sanyi. Amma game da makiya da kuma parafites na irin ƙwayar rhinoceros, to akan balagaggun ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin adadi masu yawa akwai alamun gamasid. A tsutsa, babban scoli larva parasitizes.

Jirgin sama

Dangane da dokokin kimiyyar lissafi, gwoza ba zata iya tashi - jikinta ba zai iya dauke fukafukansa masu haske a sararin sama ba. Amma, duk da dokoki na zahiri - ƙwayar karar ta kwari sosai. Anyi gwaje-gwaje na musamman wanda 'katunan' tagged 'suka rufe nesa da kilomita 50 ba tare da saukowa ba (tashi da tashoshin Ingilishi). Har yanzu dai ba a sami damar bayanin lamarin tashi daga irin ƙwaro ba. Koyaya, masanan kimiyya sun gano cewa elytra na irin ƙwaro a ƙarƙashin radiation na ultraviolet yana da kaddarorin semiconductor, ƙari, ƙananan gashin gashi da ke cikin ƙananan ɓangaren ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta na iya tara cajin electrostatic, akan ƙa'idar mai amfani.

Masana kimiyya ba su yi watsi da ƙaho na irin ƙwaro ba. Ya juya cewa ƙaho yana da kama da microcircuit - ɓangarorinsa daban-daban yayin auna suna nuna ƙimar juriya daban-daban, yana nuna kaddarorin masana kimiyyar zazzabin. Masanin kimiyyar Jamus Richard Kuhn ya kira ghinoceros irin ƙwaro samfurin ƙirar antigravity na halitta. Wataƙila a nan gaba zai yiwu ba kawai don bayyana jirgin ƙwakwalwar ba, har ma don amfani da wannan hanyar jirgin don mutane.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Ba a san kaɗan game da abinci mai narkewar ƙwayoyin ghinoceros ba, kuma bayanan da aka samo sun banbanta da juna. Don haka, wasu majiyoyi suna da'awar cewa beetles ba sa ciyar da komai (aphagia), yayin da wasu majiyoyin suka ce za su iya cin abinci mai guba ko tsiro na shuka.

Tare da goyan bayan gaskiyar cewa beetles na iya ciyar da tsiro na tsiro, tsarin kayan aiki na baka yana cewa - ƙarancin ci gaba na tauna, rashin hakoran chitin don niƙar abinci mai wahala. A lokaci guda, an rufe ƙananan muƙamuƙi tare da lokacin farin ciki, dogon gashi wanda ya samar da gogewa, wanda, da alama, tattara tsiron tsiro.

A lokaci guda, kusan dukkanin gabobin narkewa suna narkewa a cikin gwoza, wanda na iya zama hujja da cewa ƙwayoyin ba su ci komai ba, amma suna karɓar kuzari don aiki mai mahimmanci daga abubuwan da aka tara a baya.

Tsarin rayuwa

Bayan dabbar ta hanyar mace-mace, mace ta sanya kwai fari-fari a cikin kututtukan da suka lalace, kututturen bishiyoyi, a cikin zurfin bishiyun bishiyoyi, da takin da ke jujjuya, takin lambun, tsirar katako na itace, haushi da cinya, ko wasu wurare masu wadatarwa cikin lalatattun tsire. A cikin wadannan abubuwan da ake amfani da su, ci gaba ya ci gaba. A cikin wuraren zama na yau da kullun, haɓakar larvae irin ƙwaro rhinoceros yafi faruwa a cikin tushen da butt na tsoffin bishiyoyin matattu, ƙasa da sau da yawa a cikin kututture da ramuka A cikin yanayin yanayi, waɗannan bishiyoyin sune: Birch, itacen oak, Willow, poplar, beech, gyada, apricot, plum, ceri, pear da sauran katako. A cikin Kudancin Turai da Arewacin Afirka, an kuma lura da ci gaba a cikin itacen medlar, peach, Quince, black and white mulberry, persimmon, bishiyoyi daga dangin ebony, zaituni, da dabino na dabino. Citrus iri-iri da nau'in coniferous daban-daban basu taba zama lardinsu ba.

Tsutsa

Yaran ƙyanƙyashe yawanci yakan faru ne a lokacin rani. Larvae suna da bayyanar lamellar-kamar bayyanar ga wakilan dangi kuma sun kai tsawon 80-110 mm a ƙarshen haɓakar su. Larva mai kauri mai kauri C, mai launin fari-fari, an lullube shi da gashin hailo da gungu na setloid akan hudun da ta tara kuma suna rubar tergite na goma. Shugaban yana da duhu ja-launin ruwan kasa, tare da m wrinkles. An rufe kambi na tsutsa da yawancin gashi. Manyan jaws na sama masu girma ne, ma fi girma

Antennae suna da tsayi, sashi na biyu su ne mafi tsawo, na farko ya fi guntu fiye da na biyu, amma ya fi tsayi fiye da na uku. Breathers suna da yawa. Mafi girma daga cikinsu shine na farkon, sauran kusan babu bambanci da juna a girma. An rarraba bangare na furotin zuwa kashi na shekara, mai nuna canji cikin kashi 2. A samansa ne a zagaye. Dubura tana da siffar ta hanyar fashewa mai narkewa. Akwai ƙarin faren a bayan murfin firg. An rufe fargaba da fatar kananan yawa, daga cikin mafi karancin, gashi ya yadu, kuma a bangare na baya akwai kanana, kamar su gashin gashi. Kafafu suna da tsayi, tare da dogaye, ingantaccen coxae. Claws gajere, kusan madaidaiciya.

Larvae sune xylophages da saprophages - suna ciyar da itace da lalata abubuwa masu lalata abubuwa. A cikin hanji na tsutsa akwai wata ƙungiyar ƙwayoyin cuta da ke shiga metabolism na cellulose. Yawancinsu suna mai da hankali ne ga haɓakar gogewar hancin. Samuwar methane an samo shi ne a cikin fadada daga bayan gogewar, kuma a daidai wannan matsayin da yake a cikin itacen katako.

Wani lokacin larvae iya gnaw Tushen rayuwa woody shuke-shuke girma a cikin kiwo shafukan na beetles. Saboda haka, za su iya zama kwari ba kwari na tsire-tsire. Misali, a cikin lardin Krasnodar na Rasha da Moldova, an lura da lardin rhunoceros a matsayin bazuwar kwari na tushen itacen inabin, wardi da lemons.

Tsararraki mai tsawo. Matakan larva, gwargwadon yanayin damina da latti na ƙasa, yana kai shekaru 2-4. Wintering faruwa ne kawai a cikin larval lokaci. Bayan ya kai shekara ta uku, bayan wintering na ƙarshe, a cikin bazara cikin larvae pupate.

Doll

Pupation faruwa a cikin bazara a cikin abin da tsutsa ciyar. Irin nau'in bude ido, kyauta, galibi ya ta'allaka ne akan bayan sa kuma yana cikin rakumar karya - wacce ake kira. "Gidan shimfiɗar jariri" da aka gina ta tsutsa daga ɓoyayyen ƙasa, ƙurar kansa da ƙurar itace. A siffar, yana kama da irin ƙwaro tsoho tare da fikafikai gajeru. Shugaban yana sintiri a karkashin kirji. A saman ɓangaren ƙarshe na ciki akwai ƙaramin, ƙarancin triangular. Daga farkon zuwa na shida, tervites na ventral tergites suna da babban fayil biyu masu juyawa.

Da farko, pupa mai launin shuɗi ne mai launi, daga ƙarshe kuma ya sami launin launin ruwan hoda. Matsayin dalibi yana kimanin wata daya. Bayan fitowar Chrysalis, thewakwan suna zama a cikin shimfiɗa na ɗan lokaci.

Irin ƙwayar Rhinoceros da alaƙa da mutane

Abin takaici, ba a san komai game da rayuwar wadannan kwari ba. Paradox: waɗannan kwari sun zama ruwan dare gama gari, amma an yi nazari kaɗan. Yawancin labarai, finafinai da finafinai na ilimi an harba su game da su, an rubuta adadi mai yawa da kuma tarihin rayuwar tarihi. Amma babu wani ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin binciken waɗannan kwari masu ban mamaki. Rhinos har ma ya zama jarumawan wasu finafinai masu rai, a wasu lokuta sukan yi rawar gani.

Kamar yadda kake gani, rhinos suna da matukar amfani. Binciken waɗannan ƙananan tallafin zai taimaka wajen ba da haske kan rayuwa da ilimin halittar waɗannan ƙwayoyin ƙwaro, suna ba da gudummawa ga ingantacciyar kariya. Wasu al'adu suna kokarin lalata waɗannan kwari. Tarihin Tarihi ya ba su wani abin mamaki, iko da ƙarfi. Shekaru sun shude, ƙarni da ƙarni, da ƙwaro kamar yadda suke jagorantar rayuwar rayuwarsu ta ban mamaki, kuma suka ci gaba da bin ta.

Da rana, rhinos suna jagoranci salon rayuwa mai tsayi. Akwai masoya waɗannan rhinos waɗanda suke shirye don kiyaye su a gida. A cikin kantin sayar da dabbobi ana iya samun su sau da yawa kuma farashin su na iya zama muhimmi sosai. Ya dogara da kumburi da irin ƙwaro, girmanta da jinsi. A matsayinka na mai mulki, maza saya. Fuskokinsu ya fi ban mamaki, ko da yake sun fi ƙanƙanta girman daraja idan aka kwatanta da mace. Ko da babbar farashin ba matsala ce ta wahalar wahalar neman saha ga masu su ba. Mutane da yawa suna so su taɓa duniyar asirin da abubuwan sirri.

Yunkurin wannan irin ƙwaro a cikin fasaha da kerawa abin lura ne. Ana iya ganinsa a cikin murfin manyan littattafai da mujallu na kimiyya. Rhinos daga duniyar kwari a wannan zamani alama ce ta kimiya, asalin yanayinta da kwanciyar hankali, alama ce ta binciken kimiyya da nasarorin da aka samu. Sau da yawa zaku iya samun adadi, zane-zane na wannan irin ƙwaro, wanda aka yi da kayayyaki daban-daban da kuma dabaru daban-daban, kwatance. Suna iya danganta da lokutan tarihi daban-daban - daga zamanin da har zuwa yau. Ana samo shi akan katin katako, katin gidan waya har ma da tambur.

Amfana da cutarwa

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, kwandon rhinoceros suna son zama cikin taki. Wannan kwari shine takin gargajiya na ƙasa. Kuma a can ne za ku iya samun larvae waɗanda ke ci tushen kananan seedlings.

Wadanda aka sansulokacin da irin wannan larvae dined tushen tsarin:

Ba a fahimta rayuwar rayuwar irin ƙwayar rhinocerosAkwai rubuce rubuce da yawa, tarihin duniya da labarai game da su. Bayan haka, kimiyya ba ta sami ci gaba kadan game da binciken wannan nau'in.

Wasu mutane suna kiyaye ƙwayoyin rhinoceros a gida a matsayin dabba mai ƙima. Wasu lokuta ana iya siyan waɗannan wakilan fauna a gidajen sayar da dabbobi. Mafi yawan lokuta, maza kan saya, saboda suna da kyakkyawar bayyanar idan aka kwatanta da mace. Koyaya, siyan irin wannan dabbar, ya kamata ku kula da gaskiyar cewa yanayin halayen sa a gida ya kamata ya kasance kusa da yadda ya dace da na halitta. Hakanan wajibi ne don sanin cewa maza suna rayuwa ne kawai 'yan watanni, don haka ba su dace da matsayin dabbar da ake rarrabe ta da tsammanin rayuwarta ba.

Abin takaici, yawan ƙwayoyin rhinoceros, saboda dalilai da ba a san su ba, sun fara raguwa sosai. Cikakken bayani game da wannan gaskiyar har yanzu ba a buga ba. Amma wasu jita-jita sun ce wannan ya faru ne saboda canjin yanayi.

Hoto da bayanin irin ƙwayar rhinoceros

Gwanin iri-iri na yau da kullun, ko rhinoceros hollow, yana da manyan girma. A tsayi, maza sun kai daga 25 zuwa 47 mm, mace yawanci suna gajarta ta byan kaɗan kaɗan. Launin kwari ya bambanta daga launin ja-ruwan hoda zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu-shuɗi. Surfaceasan fuskar jiki da cinyoyinta suna da inuwa mai haske tare da sautin launin rawaya.

Jiki yana daɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗa ɗawa biyu, daidaiku a cikin maza, mace - a cikin ɓangaren na baya yana da ƙananan fadada. Shugaban yana karami, kashi na farko na thoracic (protorax) da elytra suna da sheen shene. Kashi na gaba na kai (clypeus) mai uku ne tare da kusan bangarorin madaidaiciya, yadudduka a gaba. A cikin maza, an rufe shi da ɗigon ɗigo ɗaya. A cikin ƙwayoyin mace-mace na bishiyoyi, suna haɗuwa cikin wuri guda, kuma a kan ƙwanƙwasa akwai ƙaƙƙarfan wrinkles.

Amincewa masu fasalin fanfuna masu fasalin suna da bangarori 10, na farkon su yafi girma. Mace na scabs maimakon ƙarami, kashi uku. Manyan jaws ɗin suna da fadi, a farfajiyar waje basu da hakora.

Beetwanin ƙwayoyin Rhinoceros suna da fasalin da ke bambanta su da sauran kwari na umarnin Coleoptera - ƙaho wanda ya mamaye wani sashi na kai, yaduwa a gindi da matsewa zuwa ƙarshen bakin. Yana da sashin giciye mai ban sha'awa. Maza suna da ƙaho mai girma fiye da na mace. Saboda ƙwaƙƙwarar ƙwayar cuta a ƙarshen, ana juyawa da juya shi zuwa sama da baya, yana kama da tarin ƙwaƙwalwa maimakon ƙaho mai cike da ƙarfi.

Elytra elongated, convex, tare da ciwan tubercles na kafada gidajen abinci. A baya na ciki ne ya mamaye tare da wrinkles ko'ina. A cikin mace, an rufe shi da m ja gashi. A kirji, duk mutane suna da ƙananan dige da lokacin farin gashi mai kauri.

Kafafu suna da ƙarfi, tsayi tsayi. Kafafu na gaba suna digging. Fifin hancin su yai yawa, a waje akwai manyan hakora 3 masu santsi waɗanda suke raba lambobi masu ƙyalli, tsakiyar wanda yake kusa da apical A saman gefen, a gaban ƙarshen sterarshen gefen tsakiyar haƙoran, akwai tazara madaidaiciya. Hind femora tsawon tare da kadan thickening.

Tsarin tsakiya da na baya tibia sun kumbura su zama koli. A saman suna da hakora masu yawa. Babban kashi na farko na kafafun kafaffen hind suna cike da ɗigo da ɗigo da hairsuna. Claws tsawo, mai ƙarfi, mai matsakaici mai lankwasa.

Rhino

Don iyawa don ganin abubuwan da ke kewaye da su suna da alhakin kunshi idanu masu sauƙi, idanu waɗanda ke a bangarorin kai. Wadannan hanyoyin arthropods marasa inganci sune polymorphic. Bayan ƙari ga irin ƙwayoyin rhinoceros na yau da kullun, irin ƙwaro irin ta Hercules, Wilderhorn da irin ƙwayar rhinoceros na Jafananci, da irin ƙwaro da ba a taɓa gani ba a yanayi. Yadda yake aiki, zaku iya duba cikakkun bayanai a hoto.

Yawan mazaje: a ina zan sami kwari?

Al'adun wannan kwari wannan gandun daji sune daji mai tsayi. Godiya ga 'yan Adam, za'a iya samun rhino-hollows a cikin tsaunukan wucin gadi na yanki na gaba. Har ila yau, yana zaune a cikin yankuna marasa kwari da yankuna na hamada. Bayan ya juya ya zama babban zaɓi na synanthropus, yana zaune a wani wuri kusa da mutum: a cikin gidajen ƙasa, katako, ciyayi da tarin takin, adibas ɗin sharar katako.

Yankin arewa na kewayon irin ƙwaro ya kama daga Tekun Baltic har zuwa St. Petersburg, yana ɗaukar yankunan Novgorod da Kirov, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Jamhuriyar Bashkortostan, kudu - daga bakin Urals har zuwa ƙarshen kwarin gundumar Embra, gami da arewacin tekun na Aral Sea, da kuma gaba ta hanyar lardin arewacin Kazakstan .

Yana da wuya a gabashin yankin. A kudu maso gabas, yankin rarraba shi ya isa kudu maso yamma na Sin da Indiya. A cikin gandun dajin-steppe da Crimea da Ciscaucasia, kwaro ya yadu, a zahiri ba ya faruwa a arewacin yankin Turai da kuma Siberiya.

Rayuwar irin ƙwayar Rhinoceros: yadda yake kiwo, menene yake ci, har tsawon rayuwarsa?

Kwari iri ne a cikin lokacin dumi. Qwai yana dage farawa a wuraren da lalacewar ke gudana: turɓaɓɓiyar kututture, gangar jikin matattarar bishiyoyi da ganyaye, ciyawar tarko da takin tsiro, da dai sauransu A cikin mazaunin daji, gandun ƙwayar gwaiwa larvae na haɓaka galibi a cikin ɓangaren tushen ko guntun bishiyun tsoffin bishiyoyi. Mace ba ta taɓa yin cukuma a cikin Citrus da tsire-tsire na huhun ciki. Matsakaicin tsawon wannan lokacin shine kusan kwanaki 30.

Ana haihuwar Larvae a watannin bazara. A ƙarshen ƙarshen lardin, kwari na gaba sun kai tsawon 80 zuwa 110 mm. A wannan mataki na rayuwar sakewa, larvae na beetles suna da launin fari-fari, C-siffar da kadan gashi girma. Suna ciyarwa a ciki bishiyoyi da detritus. Hakanan, larvae sun sami damar cinye tushen bishiyoyi masu rai.

Wannan zagayowar ci gaba, wanda ke samar da lokacin hunturu, ya dogara da yanayi da latti na yankin. Yana ɗaukar kimanin shekaru 2 zuwa 4. Pupation faruwa a cikin bazara. Ana haifar da chrysalis a cikin jakar - ɗakuna tare da ganuwar da ƙurar itace, ƙasa da samfuran mahimmancin larvae. Matsakaicin tsawon wannan lokacin shine kwana 30. Don ɗan lokaci, manya ba su barin shimfiɗar jariri ba.

An yi imani da cewa wadannan kwari ba sa bukatar abinci, amma suna rayuwa ne daga abubuwan gina jiki da ake tarawa lokacin aiki na zamani.

Lokacin tashi daga cikin wadannan kwari ya dogara da yankin da suke zaune. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, suna tashi daga bazara zuwa tsakiyar lokacin rani, ba sau da yawa - har zuwa farkon kaka. Yaya tsawon wadannan kwari suke rayuwa? A cikin matakan manya, matsakaicin rayuwar su shine 1-2, amma ba fiye da watanni 3. Lokaci ya yi da yanayi ya basu damar barin zuriya.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da kwari

Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da ke da alaƙa da ghinoceros hollow:

• Kwaro yana iya motsi abubuwa waɗanda suke awo 800-1000 sau nauyinsu.
• Sabanin dokokin kimiyyar lissafi da kumburin kumburi, wadannan halittu suna da jikin da ba a tsara su don tashi ta tsari ba kawai zai iya tashi, amma kuma ya yi tafiya mai nisa ta hanyar iska.
• Rinoceros hollows suna da ikon samar da ƙaramar cajin lantarki. Sakamakon wannan iyawa, lokacin da suke haɗuwa da su, sauran kwari zasu iya jin ɗumbin haske a halin yanzu.
• Yawan waɗannan kwari suna raguwa cikin sauri, sabili da haka an jera su a cikin littafin Red a cikin ƙasashe da yawa.
• Jin tsoron hatsarin, wadannan kwari sukeyi kamar sun mutu.
• Launin kwalliyar ya dogara da girman su. Dayan ya fi girma, jikinta zai canza launin.
• A Japan, wannan shine ɗayan nau'in kwari masu daraja. Jafananci har ma suna fara da waɗannan ƙwaro kamar dabbobi.
• Tun 1943, mahimman nazarin da masana kimiyyar binciken halittun waɗannan kwari suka tsara kuma ba a buga su a cikin hanyoyin buɗe.
• Masana kimiyya ba su yarda ba a kan dalilin da yasa mirinyoyin ke buƙatar kaho.

Shin lesa ran igwa suna cizo, yana da lahani ko amfani?

Waɗannan halittun zaman lafiya ne masu ban mamaki. Basu taba kai hari ba, saboda haka basa iya cutar da mutum, kuma harma suna zaune a kan hannu, wannan kwaro baya cizo. Babu wani abu daga mai farauta a cikin irin ƙwaro - yana ganin haɗari, ya fi son yin kamar ya mutu, kuma ba yaƙi da abokin gaba ba.

Idan rhinoceros hollow ba shi da haɗari ga ɗan adam, to, yana kawo babbar barazana ga dukiyarsa, musamman tsirrai. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa larvae ciyar ba kawai a ciki daga matattu itatuwa. Zasu cutar da tsire-tsire masu lafiya ta hanyar lalata asalinsu. A sakamakon lalacewa, sannu a hankali shuka ya mutu. Don kare amfanin gonarsu daga waɗannan kwari masu ban tsoro, yawancin lambu suna ƙoƙarin kama su kuma lalata su. Yawan wadannan kwari suna raguwa da sauri a kowace shekara, don haka masana kimiyyar halittar dabbobi ke kira da hanyoyin hanyoyin ɗan adam da za su yi amfani da su don magance su.

Yadda za a kiyaye kwaro a gida, yadda ake ciyar da shi da yadda ake kulawa da shi?

Don girma rami mai rhinoceros a gida, ba lallai ba ne a ciyar da shi. Koyaya, duk da ra'ayin cewa waɗannan halittu basu buƙatar abinci, zaku iya ba da sabon abincin da ya rage na kayan shuka, alal misali cikakke fruitan itace. Basu jin bukatar ruwa; danshi daga dansandan 'ya'yan itace ya ishe su.

Manya da manya suna buƙatar yanayi daban-daban. Don naman dabbobi masu ban sha'awa su ji dadi kuma su haɓaka daidai, dole ne a sanya shi a cikin gilashin gilashi ko akwatin kifin. Hakanan za'a iya shirya masa gidaje a cikin kwali. An bada shawarar kasan kasan gidan da man kwakwa ko gansakuka. Canza zuriyar dabbobi aƙalla lokaci 1 a kowane wata. Lokacin adana ƙwayoyin bishiyoyi da yawa, dole ne ku kasance a shirye don gaskiyar cewa watakila za ku sake sake su saboda yawan gwagwarmaya koyaushe.

Rabin irin ƙwaro

Larvae zai buƙaci yanayi na musamman don ci gaba. Za'a iya gina katafaren gado a cikin kwandon filastik. A kasan ta, sa a yadudduka:

• Peat.
• Sawdust. Madadin kashi na biyu, zaka iya amfani da filler don hamsters.
• Rigar shayi (ganyen shayi ya ragu bayan shayi).
• Sawdust.
• Gyada Layer na ƙarshe kada ta kasance mai yawa. A gare shi, kuna buƙatar 1-2 tsp. gari.