Ba da daɗewa ba cike da aiki da damuwa, lafiya, har yanzu ba a lasafta ranakun zafi ba. Kyakkyawar koren fure mai haske na sannu sannu a hankali ya zama babban jigon wakokin nasara na May. Cherry da plum sun riga sun watsar da farin mayafi, wasu ƙananan ganye masu haske mai duhu waɗanda suka rufe kwarangwal bishiyar rashin tsoro. Ya jefa kansa da farin shanyewar shararrun abubuwa na hawthorn. Ya shimfiɗa zuwa lokacin bazara mai fadi da yalwar barberries, rataye a kan dogon spiny harbe da sau da yawa haske rawaya m yanki na inflorescences. Masu gadin santimita goma na viburnum sun bayyana a masarautar fure, amma har yanzu ba a bayyana daskararren dusar ƙanƙararsu ba. Madadin haka, an gwada spireas na bazarar allahntaka a kan lu'u-lu'u. Babban kudan kudan ya ce cikin wahayi ya ce: "Hosanna!"
Heredwararrun leman’uwa maza sun aminta da mace bisa ga ƙwayayensu, kuma, kamar yadda ya cancanci wakilai masu ƙarfi na jinsi, za su jin daɗin ji da waƙa. Ruwan sama da ambaliyar ruwa ya mamaye gidajen lambuna masu rauni. Yawan iyalai sun karu a fili, a fili, arborvitae suna da kyakkyawan sakamako ga yawan waɗannan ƙananan halittu. Na dauki kyamarar, na karɓi karin waƙoƙi, ina ƙoƙarin yin kwaikwayon babban soloist na babban lambun, bluethroat. Ya tashi daga cikin daji, ya zauna a kan wurin da ya fi so a kan kebul wanda ke tallafawa da kebul na lantarki, ya shimfiɗa zuwa gidan da ke cikin zurfin gonar, ya yi kallo cike da son rai da fushi:
- Wanene yake ƙoƙarin yin gasa tare da ni a nan?
Na ci gaba da ɗaga sama, kuma mawaƙin ya fara tashi, ya soke hasken rana mai zafi tare da sabon abin ƙarfafawa - har ma da murya, mai saurin magana. Duk da yake yana jayayya wanene mafi mahimmanci, wanda ya fi kwarewa a nan, ban yi jayayya ba kuma, tsaye a bayan inabi, na ɗauki hotuna da yawa kamar yadda nake so tare da fewan matakai.
An yi imani da cewa bluethroat yana da sauƙin ji, amma da wuya a gani, yawanci yakan ɓoye cikin ɓoye. My Nightingale kusan kowane lokaci yana jagorantar da dabaru masu sauƙi, tsalle zuwa zuwa matakin. Bluethroat - tsuntsu daga irin halittar Nightingale, shimfidawa da ba zata cikin ban mamaki. Mai raɗaɗi da dannawa, halayyar abubuwan ƙididdigar dare, an lulluɓe shi da guntun ƙararraki, ingantawa, kamar ingantacciyar gaskiya. Namiji kawai ya rera - so, ba mai muryar magana, kamar dai ku ɗanɗani tart, m, iska mai cike da ƙauna.
Yanayin yadda kirjin yake kwalliyar bluethroats ya bambanta sosai, ba zaku sami tagwaye a tsakanin su ba. Kuma mawaƙana ana zane-zane tare da launuka na bazara mai sanyi musamman. Kyakkyawan shine rigunan azure-gaban wani abu mai cike da launi, mai cike da launi, a tsakiyar wanda buhun jan tabarau ke haskakawa, kuma an katange ƙasa da iyaka biyu - mai kyan gani, kamar ƙugiya mai ƙyalƙyali, baƙar fata da ƙaramar alama mai launin shuɗi. Abubuwan gashin fuka-fuka suna ɓoye cikin wutsiya, waɗanda suke bayyane musamman bayyane yayin tashin jirgin. A speck a kan littafin, ana kiransa ja-mai-gashi, sallama da kuma a lokaci guda daukaka, kamar yadda shi ne sau da yawa haka al'amarin a Rasha. Yayin raira waƙoƙi, mutumin ya kiyaye kansa da madaidaiciya, kamar soloist na Bolshoi yayin wasan kwaikwayon mashahuri. Wannan kyakkyawan tsuntsu ne, da ke tartsatsi, kuma esan Sweden suna yin hakan cikin ɓacin rai, suna kiransa cikin Latin da asirin Sweden.
Ruwan bazara mai laushi na yanzu shine amfanin da ba a tsammani na siffa mai siffa ba. Tsibiri mai launin shuɗi, tare da ɗan ƙaramin launin ruwan tsibiri, ya watsuwa da ƙa'idodin bazara a kan kyakkyawan wurin kuma an daɗe cikin tsare-tsaren bikin Furewar Mayu. Akwai yawancin kusurwoyin rabin daji a cikin lambun, duk abin da ke girma a can yana daidaitawa, duk inda kake so, inda akwai sarari kyauta, mai aikin lambu bashi da isasshen lokacin kulawa, amma tare da abin da mamaki suke so! Sannan ba zato ba tsammani Lilac zai tashi daga zuriyar bazuwar da aka shuka ta iska (wannan kyakkyawan Lilac na launi mara kyau wanda ke tsiro a cikin lambu ba ya haifar da harbe).Sa'an nan a perennial albasa girma a kan hanya, babu wani lokaci zuwa dashi, Ina tafiya, da ladabi a hankali, ba tare da yin tarko a kan tuddai na launin toka, riga samun inflorescences. Lilac, a zahiri, baƙon abu bane - manyan kyandirori na Lilac suna wasa da rana tare da inuwar shuɗi mai duhu - hassada ga duk yankin. Ana fatan cewa tumatir da aka samo daga zuriya na lilac zasu maimaita kyawawan halaye na masu juna biyu. Kuma ga tsuntsaye, sakaci yin mulki a cikin lambu shine ainihin aljanna.
Spring bazata lada wahayi. Jin kai, motsin rai yana jefa murfin bara, kyawawan halaye suna bugun kowane zuciya.
Abin da tsuntsu yayi kama da shuɗi “blue”
Wannan tsuntsu ya girma zuwa tsawon 15 santimita. Maza da mata kusan iri ɗaya ne. Weight na maza: daga 15 zuwa 23 grams, mace: daga 13 zuwa 21 grams.
Garanna (lat.Luscinia svecica)
Launin tsuntsu ya fice saboda wani shuɗi mai haske mai launin shuɗi a cikin yankin kirji da jan jigon a cikin yankin suprapochis. Amma, ya kamata a lura da cewa wannan fasalin fasalin yana nuna halayen ne kawai ga mazajen. Matan suna yin zane-zane a hankali. A cikin maza, na baya yana da launin ruwan kasa ko launin shuɗi. Kwayoyin mace a cikin kirji da makogwaro suna canza launin launuka masu haske, gashin da suka rage launin ruwan kasa. Paarfin bluethroats suna da inuwa mai duhu, gemun baƙi ne, ƙarami ne babba.
Wanene ta, wannan robin
Wannan tsuntsu yana da sunaye da yawa. Ana kiranta robin, zaryanka, alfijir, alder. Idan muka juya ga tsarin tsare-tsaren kimiyya, to lallai Zaryanka tsuntsu ne daga dangin tsuntsayen tsintsayen. A duk yanayin halayen halitta, yana da kusanci da nightingales, kodayake, saukowar jiki ya ɗan bambanta - a cikin nightingales jikin yana kasancewa mafi daidaituwa, kuma a cikin robin - da ɗan kwance.
Robin ya bambanta da tsakar dare da launi. Wannan tsuntsu mai nono mai zaki a kusa da tsuntsu mafi warke a Rasha da alama yana da haske sosai kuma ana iya lura dashi. Kawai kwancen nesa na nesa na Gabas, wanda kirjinsa aka yiwa ado da babbar riga mai ruwan shuɗi mai haske-gaban, zai iya gasa cikin zazzafan haske tare da zaryanka.
A saman, tsuntsu yana da launin toka-mai launin ruwan zaitun, goshinta, kumatunku da goiter suna da haske ja, ciki mai haske, kusan fari, kuma kirji yana da halayyar haske mai launin shuɗi.
Duk da cewa duk zaryanoks suna da haske a cikin kirjin su, har yanzu suna da isasshen jima'i. Kamar yawancin tsuntsaye, namiji yana da rawar jiki kamar na mace. Daga sama wannan launin toka ne iri ɗaya, amma rigar ta gaba an fentin cikin sautunan da suke haske waɗanda suke ta haɗe da gaba ɗaya kan kai, har kusan zuwa wuya.
Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye sun bambanta, bayarsu launin ruwan kasa ne da launin shuɗi. Fuka fuka-fukan, makogwaro, kirji da bangarorin an fentin su cikin sautunan launin shuɗi. Ciki da baya na wutsiya suna da kyau.
Kamar yawancin tsuntsaye, namiji yana da rawar jiki kamar na mace. A saman yana da launin toka iri ɗaya, amma rigar gaban an fentin su launuka masu haske.
Don haka, canza launin launi mai launin ja yana halayyar manya ne kawai. Matasa da suka bar gida kwanan nan ba masu haske da haske sosai.
Wannan bayanin ba kawai jima'i ba ne, har ma da dimorphism mai dangantaka da shekaru yana haifar da sabon tunani. Wadancan mutane wadanda har yanzu basa buƙatar kyankyasar ƙwai da ciyar da kajin suna da launi mai kariya. A lokaci guda, tsoffin adultan fashi, waɗanda makomar kajin ke dogaro da su, sun sanya riguna sosai da sosai. Ta yaya za a iya bayanin wannan?
Fuka-fukai masu launi kamar bayani
Me yasa tsuntsaye masu haske? Wanene robin da aka yiwa fentin farinsa? Bayan haka, don haka sai ta buɗe zuriyar. Duk wani maƙiyin, har da marasa gani mara kyau, zai ga jan speck yana tsalle cikin dazuzzuka. Kuma a nan, ba wai kawai maza ba, har ma mata suna da tabo mai haske.
A cikin tsuntsaye, hangen nesa shine babban bangare na kwakwalwa daga abin da suke karban bayani. Daga dukkan alamu na gani, tsuntsayen, da farko, suna buƙatar sanin abokan gaba, abinci, kajin da kuma mutane daban-daban na jinsinsu, musamman idan wakilin mata ne.
Kowane mutum yana da alamun asali, wanda za'a iya danganta shi da nau'in "mallaka". Wannan yana da matukar mahimmanci ga kowane nau'in sadarwa. Wuri mai haske akan ruwan roba yana aiki da alamar shaida na mallakar:
- nau'in da aka ba
- takamaiman jinsi
- matakai na balaga.
Bambance-bambance a cikin haske da kwaskwarimar rasberi suna ba wa mutum bayani wanda a gabanta abokin hamayya ne ko abokin tarayya don haifuwa. Tunda wadannan tsuntsayen kwari ne, canza launinsu ba zai iya ɗaukar nauyin sanin wani abu mai yiwuwa bane. Amma tsuntsaye masu jan-kayar ga kajin alama ce da tsuntsun nasu ya hau kansu, wanda zai iya ciyar dasu. A wannan lokacin ne kuke buƙatar kuka da kuma buɗe baki mai faɗi. Idan wani abu ya tashi sama ba tare da tabo mai haske ba, to kuna buƙatar kwantar da shi a hankali, haɗa tare da gida.
Don haka, canza launin mai haske ga karamin tsuntsu yana ɗaukar hadarin rashin sani, amma yana ba ku damar hanzarta samun bayanan da kuke buƙata, kuna san abokin tarayya ta hanyar ƙoƙarin ku ciyar da magabatan su.
Gallery: robin tsuntsu (25 hotuna)
Halin fara'a
An gina gidan robin a ƙasa, cikin baƙin ciki, da kuma a cikin ƙananan ciyayi. Abubuwan kayan gini sune ganye, Fluff da ciyawar ciyawa. Hakanan qwai yana canza launin zuwa bushe ciyawa. Su ne dan kadan ruwan hoda, wani lokacin rawaya, kusan fari, tare da jan aibobi.
Yin launuka mai haske ga ƙaramin tsuntsu yana ɗaukar wasu haɗarin rashin sani, amma yana ba ku damar samun bayanan da kuke buƙata da sauri, sanin abokin tarayya
Zaryanka - Tsuntsaye masu ƙaura. Duk da karancin yanayinsu da riko da abincin kwaro, suna tashi da wuri kuma suka tashi da wuri. Bayan hunturu, suna fitowa a yankinmu a watan Maris, lokacin akwai dusar ƙanƙara kuma akwai matsanancin yanayin zafi.
Da farko maza sunzo. Daga ɗawainiyar - don kare yankin daga shigar azzakari cikin maza na wannan nau'in, don kare tsohon gida ko gina sabon. Matan sun zo daga baya, lokacin da maza sun riga sun ware gida da yankuna. A wannan lokaci, yana fara shekarun farkon kwari. Don haka nan da Mayu za ku iya kwanciya qwai.
Yawancin lokaci a cikin ɗayan juji ɗaya akwai ƙwai 5-8. Lokacin shiryawa yana kai kimanin makonni biyu. Chickks sun bayyana fari, rauni, bare, kusan baki. A cikin fewan kwanakin farko, ɗayan iyayen yana koya musu kullun da jikinsa.
A cikin mazaunin iyayen, kajin ba su wuce jinsi ba. Bayan wannan, sun bar gida. Irin wannan tashi da wuri saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin yanayi masu kyau, insan fashi sun sami lokacin sake kwan ƙwai.
Lokacin da kajin suka fita daga gida, har yanzu basu san yadda zasu tashi ba. Saboda wannan, ana fentin ɗanɗan daban da iyayensu. Suna buƙatar haɗaka tare da muhalli har sai sun koya tashi da kyau, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ana fentin su a launuka na bushe ganye da ciyawa mai duhu.
Duk zaryanka suna da kyawawan ilmin iyaye. Ba wai kawai sun sami damar haɓaka ƙarnuka biyu na lokacin bazara ba, galibi suna ɗaukar ciyar da thean marayu. Cuckoos na amfani da shi. Suna jefa babbar kwairsu a cikin gida na kananan tsuntsaye. Zaryanka a kokarinsu na ciyar da dukkan wahalhalun, kar a kula da canzawa.
Yawan halaye da abinci
Wannan tsuntsu ya gwammace ya zauna a cikin daji. Koyaya, ba ta son diga-diga, amma tana daɗaɗan gandun daji tare da ɗimbin yawa, share-share, gefunan daji da windows. Robin yana da matukar son lokacin farin ciki kusa da tafkunan - a cikin tafkuna na koguna, a bakin gabar tafkuna.
Mai zaryanka zai iya zama kusa da mutum idan bai tsoma baki ba kuma ya haifar da dunƙule tare da bishiyoyi daban-daban, tare da ciyayi da ciyawa. Gaskiya ne, kuliyoyi suna bin mutane, waɗanda suka zama manyan maƙiyan waɗannan tsuntsayen.
Duk da cewa robin ana kama tsuntsu ne mai kwari, a lokacin bazara da kaka, lokacin da abincin dabbobi yake karancin abinci, yakan ci tsaba da tumatir. A tsakiyar lokacin bazara, lokacin da kajin ke zama a cikin gida, mahaifin da ke jan jan-mahaifin da mahaifiyarsa ke farauta ba tare da bata lokaci ba ga maharan, gizo-gizo, tsutsotsi da sauran abincin furotin.
A cikin yanayin, manyan maƙiyan 'yan fashi, ban da mutane da kuliyoyi, wakilai ne na dangin marten (sable, weasel, mink, marten, ferret).Bad, foxes, Wolves da, ba shakka, karnuka na gida suna son lalatar da gidajen robin. Daga duniyar tsuntsu, yan fashi da kajinsu suna sha'awar duk kananan tsuntsayen ganima, gami da kunar bakin wake, wadanda suke sata daga mazaunan kajin, cin su ko adana su ta hanyar jingina su zuwa twigs ko thorns.
Dukkanin rayuwar Zaryanka, da ta kowace halitta, an sadaukar da ita ne ga cika ayyuka 2: zama sansanin ciyar da mutum da iyakance adadin wanda yake abincinsa. Koyaya, tana da ƙarin aiki guda ɗaya - don faranta wa mutum rai da muryarta da kayanta masu kyau.
Hankali, kawai yau!
Maris-Afrilu shine mafi kyawun lokacin don bincika tsuntsaye masu ƙaura.
Dusar ƙanƙara a cikin gandun daji ta riga ta narke, kuma bishiyoyin da ke cikin ganye ba su yi ado ba tukuna. A kewaye yana tsoratarwa
wari na pines da fure a bude, kuma a sama da duka yana mulki mai rurin ihu da tsuntsaye, wanda
za a iya ji kawai a wannan lokacin. A cikin bazara, kowace rana a cikin gandun daji na musamman: tsuntsaye
mawaƙa suna zuwa kan tsari, kuma muna da babbar damar da za mu iya fahimtar juna
tare da kowane ɗayansu bi da bi.
A cikin hunturu, akwai 'yan sauti a cikin dajin. Amma riga a cikin Fabrairu, tsuntsayen hunturu suna sa kansu ji
a yankinmu. Na farko sun fara gaisuwa cikin farin ciki kuma a hankali suna murza rawaya
da kuma launin toka titmouse da lokacin farin ciki-takardar kudi bulfinches.
Babban tit
Makamantan Titmouse
Tit - Blue Tit
Bullfinch
Kusan lokaci guda tare da su, suna fara murƙushe dutsen a kan dogayen bishiya
Bishiyar katako sune manyan biyun kuma yayi kama da su, amma maharba suna da farin-goyon baya.
Babban Babbar katako
Babban Babbar katako
Itace mai tallafi mai farin ruwa
Woodpecker mai goyon baya-da Titmouse
A watan Maris, ana haɗuwa da su ta hanyar nuthatch, sauƙi a sauƙaƙe ta al'ada ta gudana
a kan kututturen itacen juye. Ana jin babban twi-twi daga nesa.
Karkashin
Karkashin
Muguwar fahimta, amalanke gaɓaɓɓe, da ɓarke na ɓacin rai, waɗanda zaku iya ganewa
a kan dogon beki mai lankwasa.
Pischa
Pischa
Siskins da sarakuna suna hutawa a hankali - ƙananan tsuntsayenmu,
daukad da lokacin farin ciki.
Siskin
Siskin gudu
-An maraba sarki
Sarakuna
A ƙarshen Maris - farkon Afrilu, gandun daji da wuraren shakatawa a tsakiyar Rasha sun tashi
waxwings - haske tsuntsaye tare da ban dariya crest da haske, kamar dai da kakin zuma,
speck a reshe. Sararin cike yake da sautinsu: "Swire-swiri." Gida
waxwings a arewacin taiga wuraren Turai, Asiya da Amurka, kuma a yankin mu
kawai hunturu.
Waxwings
Waxing
A tsakiyar Maris, rooks suna cikin waɗanda suka fara zuwa. Girman rook tare da launin toka
ga taron mutane. Abu ne mai sauki mu gane shi: roka yana da rigar baƙin ƙarfe, da kuma manya
tsuntsaye kuma suna da zobe mai launin fari-fari fallasa fata a kusa da baki. Kuma da bambanci
daga hankakken hankaka "karr" rook a hankali yana furta "krra".
Tushen sun iso
Rook
Bayan bin roka, tauraruwar tauraruwa ta tashi, wanda aka yiwa adoran baƙar fata
da yawa jawabai, masu matukar birgewa a rana wanda yayi kama da akan karammiski
duwatsu masu daraja suna warwatse. Suna raira waƙa da bambancin nesa da na sauran ƙananan tsuntsaye:
chirp, danna, squint, kamar mai a cikin kwanon rufi, yayin da sosai
nausa da rai Starlings - kyawawan mockingbirds - sun mallaka
baiwa don kwaikwayon muryoyin makwabta mallakar wasu nau'in.
Bakar tauraro
Bakar tauraro
Matsalar jin nauyi
Amma manyan mawaƙa ba su ba. Duk dusar ƙanƙara ba ta sauko ba tukuna, amma sun rigaya suna zagaye da shi,
juya kyakkyawan ganye don bincika tsutsotsi da kwari na farko, thrushes, da
da yawa iri. Akwai filayen filin sauti masu yawa, kuma
Matakai biyar, wani mai jan-ja da ke da wata alama ta daban a saman ido da kuma sake-sake
tan alamun, a gefuna, da kuma blackbird mai launin shuɗi mai haɗe da idanu.
Waƙoƙi na kiba na furucin baƙar fata ta wakar baƙar magana ce mai daɗi ba tausayi.
Murkushewa - Fieldfare
Murƙushe - Belobrovik
Blackbird
Blackbird
Kuma a nan shi ne songbird - ƙarami, tare da yawancin launin ruwan kasa
a kan farin ciki. Ya cika da babbar murya mai bayyana (duk tsuntsaye)
bandungiya ta tsakiya cikin waƙoƙi, yana da ƙasa kaɗan, wataƙila, kawai zuwa jigon dare da Oriole)
maimaita manyan kira: "Filibus! Filibus! Zo!
Sha shayi, sha shayi! ”- aka ji a cikin kurmi na Afrilu.
Songbird
Songbird
Songbird gida
Tsuntsayen baƙi da fari da girman tsuntsaye ya zaɓi wuraren budewa,
ci gaba da girgiza wutsiya - waɗannan maza ne na farin wagtail
(mace ma baƙi ce da fari, amma ba sa bambantawa), wacce waƙarta takamaiman
tweets.
Farin wagtail
Danginsu na kusa da gida a cikin filin: wagtails mai rawaya da shuɗi.
Rawaya wagtail
Wagtail mai kaifin kai
Da gaske tsuntsaye masu haske suna tashi zuwa gare mu: finches (cap da nape -
launin toka-shuɗi, nono da ciki - ruwan hoda, a fuka-fuki - sabanin baƙi da
fararen fararen fata, kuma na baya shine launin ruwan zaitun) - ɗayan mafi yawan gaske
mazaunan gandun daji da wuraren shakatawa a tsakiyar layi wanda waƙar ta ke da sauƙin ganewa
ta hanyar "bugun jini" a ƙarshen. Finches wasu lokuta "masu motsa jiki". Ji wannan
ryu-ryu, kamar kurket a bayan murhu, ku sani: wannan ba kwari bane, amma tsuntsu ne.
Af, tsuntsu mai suna "wasan kurket" shima ya wanzu. Wani wuri sai su ce
cewa finches raira waƙa kamar wannan a cikin ruwan sama.
Finch
Finch
Bayan ɗan gajeren, gabatarwar karin waƙoƙi tare da babbar murya "Vzhzhzhiiiu!"
greenfinch crumble - tsuntsayen sun fi girma girma, tare da halayyar iri ɗaya
lokacin farin ciki kuma, kamar yadda zaku iya tsammani, kore.
Ganyen
Ganyen
Zaryanki (wanda akafi sani da 'yan fashi) ya tare su. Sune karami
sparrows da fentin unpretentiously: saman shine launin ruwan kasa, ƙirjin ya zama tubali-ja,
ciki ya fi kyau. Zaryanka - kyawawan mawaƙa - waƙoƙinsu ya isa
bambance bambancen da tsayi; ya ƙunshi kalmomin shrill ko kuma "kayan ƙarfe".
Ana yawan jin sa da yamma.
Zaryanka
Zaryanka
Kusa da ƙarshen Afrilu, ƙarami, m inuwa-wands, wanda
maƙarƙƙen mai taken "inuwa-inuwa-tien-inuwa-tin" yana da sauki a tuna -
daidai yake da sautin da ke faruwa lokacin da uwargidan ta tsaftace wuka a murhun.
Penochka - shadowovka
Penochka - shadowovka
Vesnichki ya bayyana, a waje mai kama da inuwa, amma waƙar su
gaba daya daban-daban - kamar finch, amma ba tare da bugun jini ba.
Kumfa
Akwai wasu 'yan tsintsiya-rattles - tsuntsaye masu launin kore, waɗanda waƙar ma tana da sauƙin gaske
tuna: kamar dai tsabar tsabar kuɗi ke birgima - "zip-zip-zip, zip, zip-zip-zirrr"
Wand na juyawa ne.
Kuma daukaka ma tana nan. Rarrabe tsakanin warblers na wani nau'in daga wani (sosai
kama da bayyanar) ya fi sauƙi waƙa. Yana da sauƙi a gane santsi, magana da lafiya
waƙar tsarkake gonar - kamar dai wani rafi yana gudana tare da koran dutse.
Gidan Warbler
Masu Grey Warblers
Wata mahaukaci ya yi ihu a kan dajin, kuma nan da nan duk kananan tsuntsayen da ke kusa
ya yi shuru na dan lokaci, ya ɓoye - kowa yana jin tsoron maƙiyin.
Hawk - Sparrowhawk
Idanun Hawk
Kuma wannan shi ne wanda ke tashi, girman kwarjini, gaba ɗaya baƙi ne kawai a kansa -
Little Red Ride Hood? Ya zauna, yana ihu: "Kyuyuyuyu." Ya zama mai jan hankali: da gaske ne
wani mai farauta? A'a, wannan baƙar fata mai aikin katako ne na gandunan mu,
ko rawaya, mafi girma daga cikin katukan mu.
Baki mai bakin fata (yellow)
Blackpe mai baƙar fata tare da kajin
Kuma ƙaramin dusar ƙannan itace yana son zama a alder, a saman kogin. Ya yi kama
a kan babban motley 'yan'uwanmu, amma da gaske karami - tare da sparrow.
Ana iya samun irin waɗannan tsuntsaye ko da a cikin Moscow, a cikin manyan wuraren shakatawa na daji.
Woodaramin Itace Mai Cike
A ƙarshen Afrilu, bluethroats sun zo. Namiji na iya gane shi
wani ja mai launin shudi mai launin shuɗi tare da launin ruwan kasa ko farar fata, alama ce,
kuma lokaci-lokaci ba tare da shi ba. Bluethroat shine kusancin dangi na dare. Shiru
waƙarta tana da banbanci - tana farawa, a matsayin mai mulki, tare da babban aiki,
kwalin "creeping". Kuma wannan tsuntsun yana son nunawa: namiji yana waka da waka
waƙa, sannan ba zato ba tsammani ya kashe, yada fuka-fukansa da wutsiyarsa, kuma a hankali, kamar dai
lokacin shirin, yana sauka zuwa reshe guda. Ya ban dariya, da alfahari ya dauke shi
wutsiya, yayin da yake kama da harafin Y. Zaryanka, af, shi ma ya aikata wannan.
Da kuma Nightingale ma.
Bluethroat
Bluethroat
Kuma dare zai kusa tashi a ciki, 'yan kwanaki kadan bayan bullar iska. Zamanin farko
dayan matan sunada kamar zasu zauna a wani sabon wuri, sun saba da lamarin
kuma sun yi shuru. Abu ne mai sauki mu gan su, yana da wahala mu fahimci cewa wannan tsuntsu mara izini
(launin ruwan kasa, ƙasa mai launin toka) girman ƙaton ƙasa shine sanannen mu
mawaƙi. Amma idan kun ga karin kumallo sau biyu kuma ku gane ta, ashe ba za ku zama ba
kusan basu taba yin kuskure ba. Dukan rabin na biyu na Mayu da farkon Yuni da dare
makwancin dare zai gamsar da kunnuwanmu, yana fitar da abubuwa da yawa da kuma zobba.
Nightingale
Nightingale
Kuma a karshe, a ƙarshen bazara, lokacin da bishiyun an riga an suturta su da ganye,
Oriole ya tashi a ciki. Rushaukar hoto, mai haske, rawaya mai haske, tare da fuka-fuki baƙi,
tana da kyau sosai sabili da haka tana da hankali. Yana da wuya a gan ta, Oriole
fi son sosai fi na itatuwa. "Fiu-liu" - sautin a saman ta
Murya kamar sarewa. Kuma kukan mai kama da sautin kukan cat cat.
Oriole
Oriole
Kusa da lokacin bazara, mawaƙan sun yi ƙasa: tsuntsayen ba su da lokacin yin waka, suna kan aikin gina gida da kuma kiwon kajin. Amma da sanyin safiya, da fitowar rana, dukkansu suna raira waƙa har sai Yuli. Ana iya jin sautin wasu nau'in tsuntsaye a cikin faduwar.
Lura da tsuntsayen da yawa abu ne mai sauƙi: kawai kuna iya haƙuri, ɗaukar binocular kuma fita zuwa kurmi mafi kusa ko filin shakatawa, kuna ƙoƙarin kada ku yi amo da yawa. Kusan nan da nan, zaku ji zane-zanen furanni, warblers, inuwa, greenfinches da fin fin, sannan kuma, tare da sa'a. Ka lura sosai, ka duba rassan, ka san yadda suke motsawa, za ka ga ko ka ji kusan dukkan tsuntsayen da muka yi magana kansu. Kuma yi mamakin yadda duniyar tsuntsaye ke bambanta mu.
A cikin labarin ba mu ambaci ducks da gulls da ke zaune a cikin tafkuna na birni da koguna, cuckoos, Swallows da swifts, carduelis, larks da sauran tsuntsayen. Da fari dai, ba shi yiwuwa a fahimci rashin girman, kuma abu na biyu, wasu daga cikin wadannan tsuntsayen sanannu ne, yayin da wasu ke fitowa a tsakiyar Rasha kawai a ƙarshen bazara kuma sun sami mafaka a cikin ciyawar da ke da yawa, inda akwai wahalar ganin su.
Vadim Boyarkin, Julia Nakhimova
Sources:
Mataki na ashirin da - jarida "Kimiyya da Rayuwa" N3 (2011)
Hotuna - Hotunan Yandex, Yandex Hotunan
Shin kun taɓa ganin tsuntsu yana sanye da almara mai launin shuɗi? Idan haka ne, to, kun haɗu da mazaunin filinmu na Rashanci - tsuntsu mai ɗorewa. A zahiri, saboda kyawun bayyanar ta an sanya mata suna daban: shuɗi-ido, alfijir, shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, ruwan shuɗi. Don haka - bluethroat - tsuntsu mai launin shuɗi “ƙyallen”.
A kimiyance, ana kiran wani bluethroat mai suna Luscinia svecica, wanda ke nufin Yaren mutanen Sweden. Masana kimiyya sun sanya wannan tsuntsu mai murya a cikin umarnin Passeriformes, dangi - karnukan fuka-fukai, da sifan - tsaran dare.
Me yasa tsuntsu mai launin shuɗi-fure wanda ya sami suna bluethroat a cikin Rashanci? An yi imani da cewa wannan "sunan" ya fito ne daga kalmar "varakat", wato, yin hira a banza. Don haka, ya juya - wannan tsuntsu yana son "magana"? Bari mu tsara shi ...
Rayuwa da halaye a dabi'a
Daga wuraren zama na yau da kullun, bluethroats sun fi son kwarin kwari, ƙorafin kogin, gangararen kwari, da kuma gabar ruwa. Babban yanayin zama mai gamsarwa shine rigar, cike da wuraren ciyayi mai yawa. Bugu da kari, ana iya samun bluethroats a cikin gandun daji-tundra da dazuzzuka masu ƙoshin gaske. Tsuntsu ya gina sheƙunsa a ƙasa.
Bluethroat ƙwararren ɗan son kai ne.
A kusan tsakiyar watan Agusta, waɗannan tsuntsayen sun fara tashi zuwa ƙarshen yanayi mai zafi don hunturu. Ya kamata a sani cewa bluethroats sune tsuntsaye guda. Har ila yau suna yin jiragen sama ba a fakitoci ba, amma ɗaya ne a lokaci guda. A lokacin ƙaura na lokaci, bluethroat ba ya tashi sosai daga ƙasa, amma zai iya rufe nesa mai nisa a cikin rana - kusan kilomita 100!
Bayyanar mutum da hali
Tsuntsu ya sami sunansa daga kalmar "bluff" - don sake rera waka, izuwa kan gaba, a cikin waɗannan tsuntsayen manyan masters ne.
Halin bluethroat yana da ban dariya sosai cewa abubuwan da ke cikin sa suna da yawan jin daɗi.Koyaya, dole ne mu tuna cewa bluethroat yana nufin tsuntsaye masu kwari kuma abun da ke ciki yana da halaye na kansa.
Bluethroat tsuntsu girman girman gizo ne, amma kuma mafi ƙoshi, siriri, mai manyan kafafu. Lokacin da take tafiya tare da ciyawa tare da waƙa, tana kama da yarinya mai tsayi da tsayi a cikin sheqa. Ta irin hovers a kansu. Duk motsin ta yana cike da alheri, alheri da kyautata wa mace. Abin baƙin ciki, ba kowa ba ne zai iya ganin iska mai narkewa a cikin yanayi.
Bluethroat wani tsuntsu ne mai matukar sirri. Tana zaune kusan ko'ina inda akwai wurare masu laka, rami, ƙananan wurare da aka yi wa willow da nettle.
Sau da yawa yakan sauka a mazaunin ɗan adam. Ba ku ji tsoron gina filayen kusa da hanya ba ko kuma tsakanin bankunan da ke cikin tsohuwar shinge. Mutumin mai hankali da kulawa ne kawai zai iya ganin wannan tsuntsu mai ban mamaki. Don haka ta tashi zuwa saman reshen willow na dan lokaci don rera wakar ta, kuma ta sake bacewa cikin ciyawa. Ganinsa gaba daya cikin daji kusan ba zai yuwu ba. Kullum tana goyan bayan mutane kuma a shirye take ta ɓoye a kowane lokaci. Hankalinta a haɗe yake da wasan ɓoyewa da neman: yana fitowa ta biyu, ta ɓace kuma, ɓoye, koyaushe yana riƙe mutum a fagen hangen nesa. Ko da ba tare da ganin ta ba, za ku iya tabbata cewa tana kallon ku a hankali.
Bluethroat ita ce kawai tsuntsu a cikin ɗaukakar ɗa namiji wanda ke da launuka masu launin shuɗi da ke da wuya. A cikin ɓarnayen bazara, abin da za a iya tunawa shi ne babban tabarau mai launin shuɗi mai haske a makogwaro, wanda aka jera a ƙasa ta babban nono mai launuka uku, a tsakiyar shuɗi - launin ja ko farar fata. Dangane da wannan tabo, ana kiran bluethroat ko dai jan-star ko fari-star. Wasu lokuta a tsakanin bluethroats akwai waɗanda waɗanda tauraron yake launuka biyu a lokaci ɗaya: rabi ja, rabi ne fari. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa sashin gashin fuka-fukan tsuntsaye a cikin kowane yanayi fari. Saboda haka, lokacin da tsuntsu ya rera waka kuma ya cika wuya, kuma gashinsa, a cikin makogwaronsu suna mannewa, wannan farin ya fara bayyana. Farar launi tana da haske sosai har ana iya ganinta koda a faɗakarwa, lokacin da bluethroat ta rera wakar ta, zaune wani wuri a kan tudu.
Kama wani iska, kamar daddare, kamar shara ce. A madadin tsutsar gari, a shirye ta shiga kowace tarko ta atomatik.
Da farko, keji yana da matukar daji, yana doke har ma zai iya karyewa. Don kauce wa wannan, yawanci don makonni biyu na farko ana kiyaye tsuntsu a cikin ɗakin kurkuku - wani keji na musamman, an rufe shi akan kowane bangarorin tare da zane mai haske maimakon twigs, ko a cikin sigar nightingale tare da fikafikan da aka ɗaure. Ban taɓa ɗaukar dabbobin gida ba, gaban tsuntsaye mai ɗaure da ɗaure kuma koyaushe yana sa ni baƙin ciki. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau idan ƙwannin bluethroat na nau'in nightginle - tare da manyan bangarorin 8-10 cm, tare da sanduna na katako da saman laushi, wato, a maimakon sandunan, an shimfiɗa hasken wuta a saman.
An sanya tantanin halitta a sama, a matakin girma na ɗan adam, kuma yawancinsa an rufe shi da haske, kayan abu mai haske a karon farko. Dalilin wannan shine don baiwa tsuntsu damar sabawa, samun masaniyar yanayin keji, da ɓoyewa daga idanunku. Aƙalla sanduna biyu ana sanya su a cikin keji. An sanya su don kada abinci da ruwa su gurbata. A farko, a gaban mutane, bluethroat ko dai ya tsalle daga farfajiyar zuwa kasan kwayar, ko kuma ya ɓoye bayan wata tsokar. A hankali, tsuntsu ya natsu, ya daina jin tsoro kuma ya ɓoye ƙasa kaɗan. Ba da daɗewa ba son sani ya fara, kuma bluethroat zai fara kallon ku, yana zubewa daga bayan cape. A wannan lokacin, yana da mahimmanci kada ku tsoratar da tsuntsu - bai kamata kuyi magana da babbar murya kusa da keji ba, yin motsin kwatsam kuma ba shi da kyau a bar yara da dabbobi a cikin keji. Dole ne mu tuna cewa bluethroat ba canary ba ne, kodayake ƙarshen ba mai dadi bane kuma ba abun wasa bane ga yara. Lokaci zuwa lokaci, tare da kayan abincin dare, ya zama dole a bayar da tsutsotsi na gari ga bluethroat. Yawancin lokaci, bayan makonni biyu ko uku, nama yana fara juyawa a hankali - da farko yana rufe kowane yanki, sannan kuma an cire shi gaba daya.
Ruwa wani yanayi ne wanda ya zama dole ga rayuwar mai zaman iska. Ruwa ne sha'awarta. A cikin littattafan rera wakoki, Bluethroat ita ce ta fi so mai yawan wanka.A cikin bauta, wannan sha'awar ta juya zuwa wasu nau'in gurbataccen yanayi. Dole ne mutum ya sanya wanka da ruwa mai ɗora, kamar yadda take nan da nan ta shiga ciki ta yi ta yayyafa har sai ta sami rigar zuwa gashinta na ƙarshe ya fesa komai a kusa da tsintsin mita ɗaya da rabi! Sabili da haka, bututun wanka mai rufewa zai cece ku daga fuskar bangon bango da datti a kusa da keji. Jigilar bakin ciki, amma farin ciki mai tsawo zaiyi dogon tsalle a kusa da keji kuma ya girgiza dutsen. Amma da zarar ya bushe kadan, sai kuma tsuntsun ya fara yin haske da dukkan launuka masu launuka.
Lokacin kiyaye juzu'i, dole ne a la'akari da peculiarity ɗaya cikin la'akari. Bluethroat na iya zama aboki kawai tare da halayen kirki game da ita. Duk lokacin da zaku tattauna tare da ita, zance, bayar da magani, da zaran za ta yi abota da ku. Wannan baya nufin zai ba ka damar jan kanka tare ko jawo wutsiya, kamar yadda budgerigars suka bada dama. Bluethroat baya yarda da irin wannan masaniyar. Aboki aboki ne, amma ka kiyaye nesa! A tsawon lokaci, tare da haƙuri da hali mai kyau, bluethroat tana koyon fita da shiga cikin keji, ta zama kusan daraja - tana da sauƙi tsutsa gari daga yatsunsu, kuma idan kun ba ta damar tashi a kusa da ɗakin - zai gudana a bayanku har ma da kwace tsutsotsi.
Don horar da ita ta barin da shiga cikin tantanin kanta, haƙuri kawai ake buƙata. Bude kofa kuma bari tsuntsun ya saba dashi. Sannan sanya wani abu mai daɗi a ƙofar. Ba shi yiwuwa a tilasta aiwatar da rawar jiki, dole ne tsuntsu ya yi komai da son rai, ba tare da tilastawa ba. Kuma hakika ba shi yiwuwa a fitar da ita a kusa da dakin don fitar da ita cikin keji: bar shi kawai na wani lokaci. Bari kadan ji yunwa. Kuma a sa'an nan ba da gangan sanya kamar wata gari tsutsotsi a cikin keji kusa da ƙofar. Kasa da 'yan mintoci kaɗan, tsuntsun zai zauna a kan turɓayar tsutsa tare da tsutsa a cikin kugu.
Ciyar da abinci
Abinci don kayan abincin dare, bluethroats, redstart da sauran tsuntsayen kwari shine cakuda garin cuku mai narkewa, grated da karas, karafa da ƙwai, bushe gammarus, busasshen nama. Wannan saiti shine tushe. Bugu da kari, kowane mai ƙauna yana haɓaka wannan cakuda tare da ƙari - a cikin hunturu suna ƙara grated bushe nettles, breadcrumbs, madara foda, juniper berries da ja elderberry, guzberi da rasberi, currant, da dai sauransu Dole ne mu tuna cewa mafi bambancin abincin, da Ka dabbobi za su ji dadi sosai. Kuma tabbas, kowace rana a cikin nau'ikan kyawawan abubuwan da kuke buƙata ku ba 6-7 tsutsotsi na gari.
Yanzu, ana shigo da abinci na musamman don tsuntsayen kwari a cikin shagunan dabbobi. Wannan abincin yana da kyau saboda ba ya lalacewa na dogon lokaci kuma zaka iya barin tsuntsun tare da shi tsawon kwana ɗaya ko biyu. Abin takaici, wannan abincin ba a ko'ina yake ba, kuma farashinsa ya yi tsada sosai.
Tabbas, dole ne mu manta game da abin sha. Ruwan shan ruwa ana iya dashi kuma yakamata a ba shi a cikin wani kwano daban daban fiye da kwanon sha sha da kula sosai da tsabtarsa.
Waƙa
Bluethroat babban mawaƙi ne. Waƙar ta tarin kabilun da aka aro daga wasu tsuntsayen. Amma wannan ba mai sauƙin kwaikwayo bane. Bluethroat ya kware dukkan ayyukan daga cikinsu. Kuma idan rediyo ta fara sauti a kusa ko wata tsuntsu tana waka a cikin keji, gasar ta fara: wa zai waƙa wa? Masana ilimin kimiyya waɗanda suka yi nazarin waƙar bluethroat sun gano cewa tare da waƙoƙinsu, tsuntsaye na iya "faɗi" duk wanda ke kusa da su sabbin labarai daga al'umman da aka zana. Haka kuma, yin wakokin ma} wabtansu, suna gyaran su, suna iya tsoratar da kai har ma da kawo su ga matsalolin rashin tsoro.
Wani bluethroat da aka kama yayin isowa yakan fara raira waka a cikin satin farko. Da farko yana da natsuwa, amma kullun yana karuwa da karfi. Abin ji shi ne cewa, duk da zaman talala, sabon yanayin rayuwa, halin da ake ciki, wani abu da ke cikin tsuntsu ya fi duk waɗannan ƙarfi.
Abin baƙin ciki, a cikin bluethroats akwai kuma mutane masu shiru. Sabili da haka, Birds, kafin kama mawaƙa na gaba don kansu, suna tafiya kilomita da yawa a cikin bazara har sai kunnuwansu suna tsayawa a waƙar wasu fitattun mawaka.
Dangantaka da sauran tsuntsayen
Yawancin tsuntsaye suna ninka biyu don lokacin kiwo. A wasu lokuta, sun fi nuna kulawa ga juna, a mafi munin - suna shirya faɗa.
Bluethroats tare da kulawa mai kyau suna rayuwa shekaru biyar zuwa shida - sun isa ga tsuntsaye na wannan nau'in. A dabi'a, tsawon rayuwa yawanci shekaru biyu zuwa uku ne. Don haka a cikin yanayin salon salula tare da kulawa mai kyau tsuntsunku na iya zama hanta mai dogon hanta. Abin baƙin ciki kawai shine lalatawar launuka a shekara ta biyu na tabbatarwa. Kodayake na san wasu masoya waɗanda, a cikin shekara ta biyu, tsuntsu ya kasance mai kyau kamar na daji.
Evgeny Malakhanov, yankin Bryansk
Kuma mallakar dangin blackbird ne.
Tsawon jikin mutum bai wuce 15 cm ba, kuma nauyin yana daga kimanin 13 zuwa 23 grams. Bluethroat (kamar yadda aka gani akan Hoto ) yana da launi mai launin ruwan kasa, wani lokacin tare da gashin gashin gashinsa mai launin toka mai haske.
Maza yawanci sun fi girma, tare da bakin makogwaro, a ƙarƙashinsa akwai farar kirji mai haske, tsakiya da auwal suna da ja, amma akwai kuma fararen fata.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce launin launuka, taurari, ba wai kawai suna yin ado ga tsuntsu ba ne, har ma yana sa ya yiwu a tantance wurin haihuwar sa.
Inuwa mai launin ja tana nuna cewa ta fito ne daga Arewacin Rasha, daga Scandinavia, Kamchatka ko Alaska.
Kuma farin taurari suna nuni da hakan bluethroat asalin ƙasashen yamma da tsakiyar Turai. A cikin matan da suka yi kadan fiye da takwarorinsu, launuka ba su da haske sosai.
Tare da ƙari da abun wuya mai launin shuɗi a kusa da makogwaro da sauran inuwa na fure a cikin gaba. A cikin matasa mutane, aibobi aibi ne masu launin shuɗi.
Kafafun tsuntsun nan baki-kasa-kasa, dogaye da bakin ciki, suna jaddada jituwar tsuntsuwar. Gashin ya yi duhu.
Tsuntsu daga odar Passeriformes kuma yana da rassa masu yawa. Ta sami mafaka a kusan dukkanin nahiyoyi, ta zauna har a cikin tundra daji mai sanyi.
Musamman na gama gari a Turai, a Tsakiya da Arewacin Asiya. A cikin hunturu, tsuntsaye suna ƙaura zuwa kudu: zuwa Indiya, Kudancin China da c.
Ta hanyar fasaha na rera wakar bluethroat da za a iya kwatanta ta da kayan kwalliyar daddare
Abubuwan da ke faruwa a jiki sukan sha gaban idanun mutum. Mafi yawanci wannan yakan faru ne a cikin dazuzzuka mai yawa na bishiyoyi, a kanɓukan kogin ko kuwa a cikin kwari da tabkuna, a cikin kusancin koguna.
Koyaya, tsuntsaye masu kulawa sun fi so, gwargwadon iko, su bayyana a fagen kallon mutum. Abin da ya sa mutane da yawa ke wuya su bayyana yadda suke.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Wadannan tsuntsayen baƙi ne, kuma sun dawo daga yankuna masu ɗumi a farkon bazara, a farkon Afrilu, da zaran dusar ƙanƙara ta narke kuma rana mai laushi ta fara yin gasa.
Kuma sun tashi daga ƙarshen lokacin bazara ko kuma kaɗan, a cikin bazara, lokacin da ya zama mai sanyaya. Amma ba su tara cikin fakitoci ba, sun fi son jirgi guda.
Bluethroats manyan mawaka ne. Haka kuma, kowane nau'in tsuntsayen yana da nasa daban, daban kuma, ba wanda yake so, irinsa.
Nau'in sautin iri na sauti, salonsu da kayan aikin musika. Bugu da kari, suna da ikon yin kwafin daidai, a cikin mafi fasaha hanya, muryoyin tsuntsaye da yawa, fiye da wadanda suka zauna a cikin yankin su.
Saurari waƙar bluethroat
Saboda haka sauraro tsarkake bluethroats , abu ne mai sauki ka fahimta da wanne ne tsuntsayen suke haɗuwa dashi. Irin waɗannan tsuntsaye masu rai da cute ana kiyaye su a cikin keji.
Don saukaka kyautar tsuntsaye, suna sanye da kayan, suna shirya gidaje, wuraren wanka da mayuka daban-daban, wanda hakan ya baiwa tsuntsaye damar zama a kansu cikin nutsuwa, tare da sha'awar lura da wasu kuma suna mamakin kowa da muryoyinsu masu banmamaki.
Canza ruwan sha a kowace rana, kuma ku ciyar tare da hatsi daban-daban, cuku mai gida da aka lalata, ƙwayayen cherries da currants. Kuna iya, don canji, ba tsutsotsi na gari daga lokaci zuwa lokaci.
Abincin Bluethroat
Rayuwa mai 'yanci,' yan bluethroats suna son cin abinci akan ƙananan kwari: ko mangwaro. Sukan farauto sauro da kwari, suna kama su daidai lokacin jirgin.
Amma tare da wannan nasarar suma suna iya cin berriesanyen fari na tsuntsu ceri ko elderberry.
Tsuntsayen suna kauna ne kawai, suna bushewa a cikin ganyayyaki da suka fadi, rassan bushewa da humus, suna neman abinci wa kansu, suna ɗaukar wani abin ci kai tsaye daga ƙasa.
Motsawa daga wuri zuwa wuri cikin manyan tsalle-tsalle, sukan kori ciyayi da gizo-gizo, sun sami mayuka, suna neman mayflies kuma.
A wasu halayen, ba sa raina cin abinci a kan kananan kwaɗi. Bayan ya kama wani katon, sai tsuntsun ya girgiza shi a cikin iska na dogon lokaci don tsabtace abincinsa da yake lalatattun abubuwa, sannan kawai ya hadiye shi.
Bluethroats suna kawo fa'idodi da yawa ta cin yawancin nau'ikan kwari masu cutarwa. Abin da ya sa mutane galibi ke ciyar da waɗannan tsuntsayen a cikin lambuna.
Bluethroats suna cikin tsananin bukatar taimakon mutum. Saboda haka, jawo hankali ga kare tsuntsaye da jama'a, a 2012 an ayyana shi a matsayin tsuntsu na shekara a Rasha.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rayuwa na bluethroat
Oƙarin ƙoƙari don mamakin budurcin mata tare da karin waƙoƙi masu ban mamaki, maza suna ambaton lokacin matsu tare da halinsu na musamman.
A irin wannan lokacin, ana rarrabe su da ƙaƙƙarfan haske, wanda suke ƙoƙarin jan hankalin su mace bluethroats nuna musu asterisks da sauran alamun kyau na namiji.
Suna riƙe kide kide da wake wake, yawanci suna zaune a saman wani daji. Daga nan sai suka hau sama, suna yin jirage a halin yanzu.
Waƙa, wanda yake dannawa da firgita, yana faruwa ne kawai da hasken rana kuma yana aiki musamman da sassafe.
Don ƙaunar zaɓaɓɓen tsakanin masu neman don kulawarta, yaƙe-yaƙe masu zafi ba tare da ƙa'idodi suma zasu yiwu ba.
A cikin nau'i-nau'i, bluethroats zasu haɗu don rayuwa. Amma akwai wasu lokuta da namiji yana da sahabbai biyu ko uku a lokaci guda, yana taimaka musu su haifi zuriya.
Hoto shine iska mai bluethroat
Don gini Gidajen Bluethroat Manyan ciyawa na ciyawar an fi son su, ana kuma amfani da gansakuka don ado a waje, suna daidaitawa a cikin shinge na birches da bushes.
Nests suna kama da kwano mai zurfi, ƙasa an rufe shi da ulu da tsire-tsire masu taushi. Da gudu daga hunturu, huhun bazara ya sake komawa tsohuwar gidansu.
Kuma namiji ya ba da sanarwar cewa an karɓi wurin tare da duka waƙoƙin mawaƙa, wanda ya kunshi madadin muryoyi masu kaifi da bayyananniya. Yakan yi wannan, nesa ba kusa da gida a guje ba kuma yana zaune a mafakarsa.
Qwai na Bluethroat lays 4-7 guda. Su masu launi-zaitun ko launin toka mai launi.
Yayin da mahaifiyar ke biye kajin, mahaifin na tattara abinci don wanda ya zaɓa da yaran, waɗanda ke bayyana a cikin makonni biyu.
Iyaye suna ciyar da su da caterpillars, larvae da kwari. Uwa tana ciyar da wasu ranakun da yawa tare da kajin bayan an haife su.
Mako guda baya, sun ga sarai kuma ba da daɗewa ba zasu bar iyayen iyayensu. Wannan na faruwa a hankali. DA Kayan Bluethroat har yanzu suna kokarin rike iyayensu alhali sun san yadda ake tashi da talauci.
A yankuna na kudanci, inda kiwo ke faruwa sosai a cikin tsuntsaye, uba yakan ci gaba da ciyar da tsofaffi yara yayin da mahaifiyar ta fara farauto sababbi.
Yana faruwa cewa bluethroats, ya bar ba tare da ma'aurata ba, yana ciyar da baƙi waɗanda baƙi, waɗanda iyayen suka ɓace kuma aka watsar da su.
Yawanci, bluethroats bazai wuce shekaru hudu ba, amma a cikin yanayin kula da gida tsawon rayuwarsu zai iya ƙaruwa sosai.
Daga cikin dukkan tsuntsayen, tsuntsaye ne masu bango wadanda suke da sauƙin sawa ga makircin su. Wannan rukunin tsuntsayen nunannun cikin rami, wadanda ke da bishiyoyi daga bangon gidaje ko kuma suka samo asali sakamakon itace, da kuma gina makanninsu a bayan katako na bishiyoyin bishiyoyin, a cikin bishiyoyin da aka murda, da katako.
Babban wasa
Abun sananniyar sananniyar tana da baƙar baƙi tare da daskararren ƙarfe mai haske, wutsiyar launin ruwan kasa da fikafikan. A cikin damina, ragwancin tauraron dan adam mai canzawa, farin fiska ya bayyana a kansa, a cikin kananan tsuntsayen tsintsayen da ke wuyan wuyan wuta sun fi sauki. Matsanancin wannan rukuni suna zaune kusa da ƙauyuka da ƙauyuka. Matsananciyar ɗan wasa tana neman abinci don kansa sau da yawa a ƙasa, wani lokacin akan bishiyoyi.
Ana shirya mazaunin gida a cikin rami na bishiyoyi, shinge na fure ko kuma rami. Qwai ne aka dage farawa a tsakiyar lokacin bazara (Mayu-Afrilu). Clutch - 5-7 qwai na launin shuɗi.Tsuntsayen suna ciyar da kwari iri-iri, yawancinsu kwari ne daga lambunanmu (scoops kayan lambu, raspberries, nutcrackers, kabeji centipedes). An kiyasta cewa tauraruwar tauraron dan adam, ciyar da kajin sa, yana lalata gwoza har dubu 8 da lardin su.
Fasto
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Shugaban, wuya, wutsiya da fikafikan ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda mai ƙaramin ƙarfe, ragowar kamannin ruwan hoda ne. A cikin matasa yara, plumage ya fi sauƙi. Tsararren tsuntsun yana da crest a kai. Wannan tsuntsu ne mai ƙaura wanda ke zaune a kudancin Rasha. An shirya filayen a cikin hanyoyin duwatsun dutse, murhun dutse, ramin katako. Kwancen ƙwai yana faruwa a watan Mayu-Yuni, ya ƙunshi ƙwai 4-6 na launin shuɗi.
Starwararrun launin ruwan hoda yana lalata ƙazamar da sauran kwari. Don karin kumallo kaɗai, ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda yana buƙatar farawa zuwa 50-60; a cikin rana ta ci manyan kwari 200.
Tauraruwar launin toka
Zumbin wannan nau'in tauraron dan adam ne launin toka, jiki na sama, gefan kai da na ciki fari ne, wuya da bayan kai baƙi ne, gemu na baki mai haske ne mai haske. Plwararrun maza suna haske sosai, a cikin matasa yara tubalin yana da launin shuɗi.
Starring Grey Starling - tsuntsu mai ƙaura, yana zaune a cikin gandun daji hade da gandun daji, yana cikin fakitoci. Kwanciya ƙwai a cikin Mayu-Yuni, ya ƙunshi ƙwai 4-8 na launin shuɗi. Hoto da aka saba da shi tun daga ƙuruciya: tarakta da ke aiki a filin kuma 'yan ci-rani suna biye da ita da dabinbin ciyawa. Babban menu mai launin toka ya ƙunshi yawancin larvae larvae da earthworms.
Gidan Sparrow
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Sparrows na mata da maza suna da bambanci daban-daban. Namiji yana da launin toka, amai da kirji na sama - baki, ciki da ratsi a kafaɗunsu sun yi fari, daga bakin gemu mai launin shuɗi ya wuce ta ido. A cikin mata da tsuntsayen yara, filayen suna launin ruwan kasa-da launin toka-toka, a ƙasan ƙananan gangar jikinta ya fi sauƙi. A baya, haske da duhu mara motsled blotches.
Gidan sparrow yana zaune kusan dukkanin yankin daji na Rasha. Tana zaune a birane da ƙauyuka. Gidaje a cikin kabilu na gine-gine, a ƙarƙashin rufin gidaje, gidan tsuntsu, a cikin minks a kan gangara na kwari.
Masonry faruwa a watan Afrilu - Yuli, kunshi 5-6 qwai fari ko launin toka-mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.
Gwarzayen gida suna ciyar da kawunansu da kwari, ciyawa, arthropods, abincin tsuntsaye ya girma yana haɓaka daga zuriya iri iri.
Sparrow
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Sparrow yana ƙanƙan nesa nesa da gidan. Zumun baya, fuka-fukai da wutsiya mai launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa a cikin launi, mottles mai launin ruwan kasa a baya, da kuma hula "launin ruwan kasa" a kai. Yankunan suna da fari, kirji da ciki suna da fari, makogwaron ya yi baƙi, tabo ya yi baƙi a kan kunci. Mace da kananan tsuntsaye iri ɗaya suna da launi, amma suna da sauƙi sosai.
Field Sparrow yana zaune a duk faɗin Rasha. A cikin lokacin farauta, yana manne da tsirowar bishiyoyi, ragowar lokacin da ya fi son ginin gona da wuraren kiwo.
Gidaje mafi kyau a cikin manyan wuraren shakatawa, a ƙarƙashin rufin gidaje, a cikin gidajen dabbobi. Kwancen ƙwaiƙan ƙwai yana faruwa a watan Afrilu - Yuli;
Yana ciyar da kajin da ƙananan kwari, gizo-gizo, hymenoptera da sauran kwari. Abincin da kajin na brood na farko ya kunshi larvae na sawfly saƙa, pine sawfly, elm tail caterpillars. An ƙara nau'ikan ƙwayar ƙwaro zuwa abincin abinci na kajin brood na biyu, wanda ya kai kusan 80% a cikin jimlar abinci.
Abubuwan da aka lura da su sun nuna cewa sparrows suna ciyar da kawunansu kusan sau 26 a cikin awa daya, wato, matsakaita sau 300 a rana. Tsawon kwanaki 15, iyaye sun tashi zuwa gida sau 4,500.
Jackdaw
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A jackdaw, saman kai da wuya yana da launin toka, ragowar rigar yana launin baki tare da kayan ƙaramin ƙarfe a baya da kafadu. Jackdaw galibi yana zaune ne a yankin Turai na Rasha da kuma yankunan kudanci na Siberiya. Ana kiyaye Jackdaws a cikin fakitoci. Wannan tsuntsu ne wanda ya saba da ƙauyuka da ƙauyuka. Jackdaws suna ƙaunar yin gida a ƙarƙashin rufin gine-ginen gidaje, a cikin rami, kanan haya, a cikin ramuka.
Clutch of 4-6 ruwan-ɗigon launin shuɗi yana sa ƙwayoyin launin ruwan kasa a watan Afrilu-Yuni. Wannan tsuntsu ne mai omnivorous, yana ciyar da kajinsa tare da wasu invertebrates, larvae na manyan ƙwaro. Koda ƙananan ƙwayoyi na iya zama abincin ta. Jackdaws suna ƙaunar ƙwayoyin ganye, gwoza ƙasa, giwaye, baƙar fata, baƙar fata, da gour. Ragowar abincin shine abincin shuka: gyada, oat, lentils.
Blue Tit
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Bluehead goshinsa da kumatunsa farare ne, makogwaro, tsiri a kirji kuma a kusa da cheeks na baki ne, kirji da ciki na rawaya ne. A kan kai akwai shudi “shuɗi”, shuɗi mai launin shuɗi shima a fuka-fuki da jela, murfin baya kore.
Tana zaune a yankuna na tsakiya da kuma kudancin Rasha. Blue tit mazauna cikin lambuna masu rarrafe Wannan tsuntsu ne mai sauka kuma yawo. Ana shirya ciyayi a cikin zurfin bishiyoyi. Qwai mai launin shuɗi fari da launin shuɗi-launin shuɗi, shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ya sanya su a cikin watan Afrilu-Mayu. Clutch ya ƙunshi ƙwai 5-10.
Abinci mai launin shuɗi ya ƙunshi galihu kwari, ƙasa da sauƙin - ciyayi. Blue tit yana ciyar da kajinsa tare da huhun lemo da ƙwari, kwari, katako, na katako, ƙanana da ƙaho, gizo-gizo. A cikin adadi mai yawa, titin shuɗi yana lalata babban kwari na lambun da gandun daji: silkworms da ba a kula da su.
Lokacin rera waka shine tsakiyar Maris-tsakiyar-Yuli, da wuya ake rera waka.
Gait-launin kai
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A baya, fuka-fukai da wutsiya kwayayen su ne launin toka-toka, saman kai da tabo a gemun launin ruwan kasa a launi. Tana zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu rai da gauraye. Yanki a cikin manyan baho.
Yana sanya manyan kwayoyi masu launin ja-launin ruwan kasa a watan Afrilu-Yuni. Clutch ya ƙunshi qwai 7-8. Tare da farko na yanayin sanyi, a cikin neman abinci suna tashi zuwa makircin sirri.
Wannan tsuntsu ne wanda ke lalata tarin kwari. Na'urorin zamani suna ciyar da kwari ne, caterpillars, pupae na kwari, scoops, ganye. Ciyar da kajin, na'urar ta yi tawo har zuwa gida har sau 20 cikin awa daya.
Waƙar yana farawa a ƙarshen Janairu da farkon Fabrairu kuma ya ƙare a ƙarshen bazara.
Sakamako (Grenadier)
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Wannan tit din ya samu sunanta ne saboda manyan fikit mai launin fata mai launin fata tare da ratsar baki mai ratsa jiki ta kai. Silin baya, fuka-fukai da wutsiya mai launin shuɗi-baki, amai da raunin sama sama ido ne baki. Jiki ya yi fari tare da wani launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi.
Wani yanki mai cike da tarihi ya mamaye gandun daji na Pine na yankin Turai na Rasha. A cikin hunturu yakan ziyarci gidajen lambuna na sirri, suna neman abinci a ƙananan ƙananan bishiyoyi. Tabarbare mai narkewa yana ciyar da kwari da gizo-gizo. Ya fi son murhun itace, gwozayen ganye, goro, wasu lokutan yakan yi amfani da irin shuka domin abinci.
An shirya lambunan tit ɗin da aka fi so a cikin manyan ramuka masu ramuka masu santsi (ba fiye da mm 30 a diamita) Irin waɗannan ramuka yawanci ƙasa ne, kusan kusa da ƙasa.
Waƙar yana farawa a watan Fabrairu-Maris, mafi yawan lokuta a ƙarshen hunturu da bazara.
Babban tit
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Wannan shine mafi girma daga dukkan jinsunan tsuntsaye. Plarfin kai, makogwaro, ratsi a kan kirjin rawaya, baƙar fata a baki. Fuka-fukai da wutsiyarsu suna da kyau, baya baya kore ko launin shuɗi, launin toka da tabo a bangon kai farare ne.
Yana zaune a yawancin Rasha. Ana so a zauna a cikin maɓuɓɓuka tare da bankunan kogi. Gida na shirya cikin rami. Farar fata tare da launin ja-kasa-kasa-ƙasa sa a cikin Maris - Yuni. Clutch ƙunshi 9-13 qwai.
Ya sami abinci, kamar kowane tsuntsayen, akan bishiyoyi da gandun daji. Tana fifita abincin dabbobi; a cikin hunturu, ita ma tana cin abincin shuka. Babban titin yana cin abinci sosai a rana kamar yadda yake auna kansa.
Waƙoƙi na yau da kullun yana farawa a ƙarshen Fabrairu.
Redstart na gama gari (Coot)
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Planyen cak na coa malean mace da na mace suna da ɗan bambanci. A cikin namiji, saman kai, wuyansa da baya kuma launin toka ne, goshi fari ne, bangarorin kai, makogwaron baki ne, ƙananan jikinta da wutsiya suna ja mai haske. Mace kuma tana da wutsiya ja, farin-ciki fari, sauran kuma sune masu launin launin toka-launin toka-toka. A cikin tsuntsayen samari, maɗaukakin launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa tare da kwararar haske da wutsiya ja.
Redstart ta kowa yana zaune a yankin Turai na Rasha da kuma kudu maso yammacin Siberiya. Za a iya ganin filayen renon a cikin wuraren dutsen, kuma redstart na son zama a ƙarƙashin rufin ginin gidaje da tituna. Redstart qwai fari ne ko launin shuɗi shuɗi. Clutch ya ƙunshi ƙwai 4-6.
Tsuntsu ya ciyar da kajin shi kuma yana ciyar da kansa da kwari. Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban na farauta wa ɗan akuya, a cikin neman abinci zai iya gudana a ƙasa kamar wagtail, kama kwari a cikin iska, kamar kankara mai tashi, tattara abinci akan rassan itace da a cikin daji, kamar warbler ko tit.
Karin faransa
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A cikin flycatcher namiji, saman kai da wuya, baya, fuka-fukai, wutsiya baƙaƙen fata ne, guntun tsintsiya a goshi, rariyoyi a fuka-fuki, goshi da ƙananan jikinsu fari ne. Zumuntar kananan tsuntsayen mata da mace mai launin shuɗi ne.
Jirgin sama wanda aka tuhu yana zaune a yankin Turai na Rasha da kuma kudu maso yammacin Siberiya. Yana gina gida a cikin rami. Ana dage fararen qwai a watan Mayu-Yuni, qwai masu launin shuɗi ne mai launi, kamawa ya ƙunshi ƙwai 5-7.
Tsarin dusar ƙanƙan da ke tashi a kan kwari da ƙusoshin jeji, ɓoye, ɓoye, gora, ɓarnataccen abinci, hatsi, ƙwayoyin ganye, kwari da sauran kwari.
Dangidan
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Cwararrakin launin toka yana da torso saman, wutsiya, fuka-fuki mai launin shuɗi, madaidaiciya launin ruwan fata yana gudana akan kai da baya. Jikin jikin farin yayi fari mai launin fari mai launin shuɗi kuma yana gudana akan goiter da kirji.
Fim mai launin toka ya mamaye dukkan yankin Turai na Rasha da kuma kudu maso gabashin Siberiya. Ana shirya mazaunin a gindin manyan rassan da ke bayan lalatattun haushi ko cikin rami, kuma suna zaunar a ƙarƙashin rufin gidaje. Ana kwanciya 4-6 na ƙwayaye masu ƙwayashi tare da m shuɗi a watan Mayu-Yuni.
Dan tsalle-tsalle mai tsage yana kama kwari da gudu. Tana iya cin ƙwallafa sama da 450 a rana. Wannan wani tsuntsu ne wanda yake jujjuyawar magana, wasu lokuta nau'i biyu zasu iya rayuwa lokaci daya a kusurwoyi daban-daban na wurin da suke zaune. Yawo mai sauki yana da sauƙin jan hankalin shafin.
Moscow
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A kai da kirji na Muscovite baƙi ne, kumatunku, tabo a bangon kai da kirji fararen fata ne. A baya launin toka yana da launin toka-mai launin shuɗi, fuka-fukai da wutsiya su ne launin toka-toka, ciki da gefan su farare ne da farin ƙanshi. Wannan karamin tsuntsu ne.
Muscovite yana zaune a cikin gandun daji na coniferous da gauraye a duk faɗin Rasha. Ana kiyaye tsuntsaye a cikin garken koda yaushe tare da titmouse. Lokacin da ba shi da gida, yakan tashi zuwa ƙauyuka da ƙauyuka, yana lalata kwari a cikin lambuna da kayan lambu. Moscow tana shirya gidaje a cikin manyan baƙaƙe.
Muscovite yakan ciyar da kwari sosai, amma a cikin hunturu, abincinsa ya cika tare da tsaba bishiyoyi, galibi conifers. Yana son kwari, caterpillars, Lepidoptera pupae, gizo-gizo, ƙananan tsutsotsi, huji, pans shawo.
Ya fara raira waka a watan Fabrairu.
Farin wagtail
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A cikin wagtail, saman kai, nape, goiter, saman nono da wutsiya suna da damƙar baƙar fata, goshin baya launin toka ne ko baƙi, goshi, tsinkaye daga gemu ta ido zuwa kunne, rariyoyi a gefan wutsiya da fuka-fuki da kuma dukkan ƙananan ƙananan jikinsu fari. A cikin matasa wagtails, maharban mai launin toka ne kuma ba tare da baƙar fata.
Wagtails sun zauna a cikin magudanan ruwa da sauran jikin ruwa. Wannan tsuntsu ne wanda ya saba da gidajen lambuna. Yana cikin duniya koyaushe, yana gudana shi kaɗai, ƙasa da sau da yawa - a cikin nau'i-nau'i. An gina ciyayi a cikin rami, a ƙarƙashin rufin gidaje, a cikin maɓuɓɓun tuddai da rami na dutse.
Qwai na wagtail suna da fari tare da launin toka, wagtail ya lila a watan Afrilu - Yuli. Clutch ya ƙunshi ƙwai 5-6.
Yankin wurin da wagtail ke neman abinci ya yi yawa, a cikin binciken abinci tsuntsun ya tashi mita 200-300 daga gida.
Farin wagtail yana cin abincin dabbobi ne kawai: kwari masu yawo, gizo-gizo, huɗar ruwa, ƙwaro. Babban fa'ida daga wagtail a gonar, inda wannan tsuntsu yayi saurin zagaya gadaje yana neman ganima. Wagtails ba sa son ciyawa mai tsayi, sun fi jan hankali ga hanyoyi, hanyoyi, mamaye ciyawa.
Da wuya su rera waka - kawai a farkon lokacin farauta.
Karkashin
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Kashi na biyu na jikin wannan tsuntsu mai launin shuɗi-shuɗi, fuka-fuki da jela suna da launin shuɗi-baki. Daga baki daga ido zuwa kunne akwai bakin leda, a kan wutsiya akwai fararen fata, makogwaron ya yi fari, kirji da ciki suna da fari tare da jan launi.
Nuthatch yana zaune a cikin gandun daji kusan a Rasha. Nuthatch yakan hau kan gangar jikin bishiya, wani lokacin yakan shiga garken tsuntsaye. Yawancin lokaci yana jagorantar rayuwar nomadic. An gina ciyayi a cikin ramuka, ƙofar shiga ɗakin an lullube ta da yumbu don rage girmanta.
Nuthatch yana sanya ƙwai a watan Afrilu - Yuni. Masonry ya ƙunshi fari shida na fararen fata tare da fatar launin ruwan hoda.
Abincin Nuthatch ya ƙunshi kwari (gwoza ganye, gero, katako, kwari, kwari, da sauransu) da kuma ƙwayar bishiyoyi (hazelnuts, acorns, maple seed, seed alder, conifers).
A kan lambuna na gida, nuthatch zai iya tsayawa a cikin gidajen dabbobi, titmouse, an rataye shi a tsawan mita 4-8, ya fi son gidajen tsuntsaye. Gashin lafiya bai yarda da 'yan uwan juna akan wurin kiwo ba, alhali bai kula da sauran dabbobin nunannun ba, alal misali, zai iya zama a cikin wata matattarar masarauta.
A nuthatch a kai a kai fara waka kusa da ƙarshen hunturu, a farkon lokacin shiryawa, tsarkakewa tsarkakewa.
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Tsuntsu tare da kyawawan manyan sifa masu fasali. Abubuwan da ke mamaye hopoe suna da launin toka-ja, ciki mai haske ne, fuka-fukai suna baki ne da fararen fararen fata, wutsiya kuma tsararren kwalliyar baƙar fata ce, tushen wutsiyar fari fari.
Hoopoe yana son wuraren bude ido, yana zaune a yankuna na Kudancin Rasha, Hakanan za'a iya samun shi a cikin yankin Moscow. Gidaje a cikin rami, da tarin duwatsun, wuraren toka duwatsu, a cikin tsawan dutse. Clutch of 39 sa a watan Mayu-Yuni, qwai ne launin toka da launi. Ya sami abinci a cikin ƙasa, yana ciyar da kwari iri-iri.
Kestrel
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Kestrel karamin falcon ne. Tana da fikafikan fadi da dogaye. Ofarshen jikin kitson yana da launin shuɗi-mai launin ruwan hoda tare da gudana, ƙasan sandar tana da faffada, yana da launin toka, a ƙarshen wutsiya akwai madaidaiciyar shuɗi. A cikin kananan tsuntsaye, filayen wuta ya fi haske tare da kwararan fitila.
Yana daidaita ko'ina cikin Rasha banda tundra. Tsuntar tsuntsu a ƙauyuka da ƙauyuka. Yanki a cikin ramuka, a fakaice, tsoffin hankaka da rooks. Ana yin Masonry a watan Afrilu-Mayu; ya ƙunshi ƙananan ocher masu launin ocher-4 masu launin shuɗi masu launin shuɗi.
Abincin Kestrel - ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da manyan kwari (fari, fure, da sauransu).
A cikin yankuna na tsakiya na Rasha, kestrel, wanda ke shirya mazauninta a cikin ɗakin ɗaki, aukuwa ne na kowa.
Salon ruwan kasa
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Umarfin gidan mujiya a bayyane yake tare da saƙo daga haske zuwa launin ruwan kasa zuwa launi-yashi. Mujiya ta zauna a yankuna na kudanci na Russia, tana shirya gida a cikin ramuka wacce yawanci tana tono kanta, hakan yana sa su zurfafa sosai. Har ila yau, yana son yin zama a cikin gine-ginen da aka bari a cikin ɗakunan attics.
Yana saka ƙwai a watan Afrilu-Mayu. Clutch ya ƙunshi fari fararen 4-8. Abincin gidan mujiya na gida ƙanana ne, zai iya kama ƙananan tsuntsaye akan lokaci, yana son masu haɗari, manyan kwari.
Mujiya mai gidan yana jujjuya ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwayoyin linzamin kwamfuta, don haka dole ne a jawo hankalin shi game da dabarun gidan.
A kashi na gaba - kashi na uku, zaku iya fahimtar abin da ake fada game da kayan tsuntsayen a bayyane.
Shin kun taɓa ganin tsuntsu yana sanye da almara mai launin shuɗi? Idan haka ne, to, kun haɗu da mazaunin filinmu na Rashanci - tsuntsu mai ɗorewa. A zahiri, saboda kyawun bayyanar ta an sanya mata suna daban: shuɗi-ido, alfijir, shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, ruwan shuɗi. Don haka - bluethroat - tsuntsu mai launin shuɗi “ƙyallen”.
A kimiyance, ana kiran wani bluethroat mai suna Luscinia svecica, wanda ke nufin Yaren mutanen Sweden. Masana kimiyya sun sanya wannan tsuntsu mai murya a cikin umarnin Passeriformes, dangi - karnukan fuka-fukai, da sifan - tsaran dare.
Me yasa tsuntsu mai launin shuɗi-fure wanda ya sami suna bluethroat a cikin Rashanci? An yi imani da cewa wannan "sunan" ya fito ne daga kalmar "varakat", wato, yin hira a banza. Don haka, ya juya - wannan tsuntsu yana son "magana"? Bari mu tsara shi ...
Me tsuntsaye masu launin shuɗi ke sha
Babban abincin abincin kwari shine kwari: tururuwa, da kuma lardin su. Duk tsintsayen tsuntsayen kisa mai fikafikan kifi shida kafafu tabbas zasu sami kansu a “teburin cin abinci” na tsuntsayen Bluethroat
Kwaro sune babban abincin abinci na bluethroats.
Kari akan haka, tsuntsu yana cin karami, tsutsotsi, haka kuma yana cin berries iri-iri.
Ta yaya ake haifar da bluethroats
Farkon lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin yanayi yana alamar da babbar kukan maza bluethroats. Maza, kamar kayan wasan dare, suna rera wakoki masu ban sha'awa, suna jan hankalin mata don ƙirƙirar gida. Kuma maza suna yin ado da kwalliyar su a kirji, wanda shima yana daga cikin abubuwanda ake yin hailarsu.
Bayan da aka gina gida, macen bluethroat zata sanya kwai 4 zuwa 7. Lokacin shiryawa yana kimanin makonni biyu. Bayan wannan lokacin, ƙananan masu magana suna bayyana. Kimanin kwanaki 13, matashin ya zauna a cikin mazauni, duk wannan lokacin iyayen suna matuƙar ciyar da jariran saboda su girma da sauri kuma su sami ƙarfi. Makonni biyu bayan haihuwar, kajin bluethroat sun riga sun yi tsalle daga cikin gida, kodayake har yanzu basa iya tashiwa. Suna tafiya kusa da iyayensu kuma koya daga wurinsu mahimmancin rayuwa mai zaman kanta.
Robin ɗan ƙaramin tsuntsu ne, mai aiki, mai aiki tuƙuru da kwaɗayi. A cikin duk mutanen da suke zaune, wannan tsuntsun alama ce ta faɗuwar rana, yana nuna kyakkyawar rana.
Robin ɗan ƙaramin tsuntsu ne, mai aiki, mai aiki tuƙuru da kwaɗayi
Wannan tsuntsu yana da sunaye da yawa. Ana kiranta robin, zaryanka, alfijir, alder. Idan muka juya ga tsarin tsare-tsaren kimiyya, to lallai Zaryanka tsuntsu ne daga dangin tsuntsayen tsintsayen. A duk yanayin halayen halitta, yana da kusanci da nightingales, kodayake, saukowar jiki ya ɗan bambanta - a cikin nightingales jikin yana kasancewa mafi daidaituwa, kuma a cikin robin - da ɗan kwance.
Robin ya bambanta da tsakar dare da launi. Wannan tsuntsu mai nono mai zaki a kusa da tsuntsu mafi warke a Rasha da alama yana da haske sosai kuma ana iya lura dashi. Kawai kwancen nesa na nesa na Gabas, wanda kirjinsa aka yiwa ado da babbar riga mai ruwan shuɗi mai haske-gaban, zai iya gasa cikin zazzafan haske tare da zaryanka.
A saman, tsuntsu yana da launin toka-mai launin ruwan zaitun, goshinta, kumatunku da goiter suna da haske ja, ciki mai haske, kusan fari, kuma kirji yana da halayyar haske mai launin shuɗi.
Duk da cewa duk zaryanoks suna da haske a cikin kirjin su, har yanzu suna da isasshen jima'i. Kamar yawancin tsuntsaye, namiji yana da rawar jiki kamar na mace. Daga sama wannan launin toka ne iri ɗaya, amma rigar ta gaba an fentin cikin sautunan da suke haske waɗanda suke ta haɗe da gaba ɗaya kan kai, har kusan zuwa wuya.
Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye sun bambanta, bayarsu launin ruwan kasa ne da launin shuɗi. Fuka fuka-fukan, makogwaro, kirji da bangarorin an fentin su cikin sautunan launin shuɗi. Ciki da baya na wutsiya suna da kyau.
Kamar yawancin tsuntsaye, namiji yana da rawar jiki kamar na mace. A saman yana da launin toka iri ɗaya, amma rigar gaban an fentin su launuka masu haske.
Don haka, canza launin launi mai launin ja yana halayyar manya ne kawai. Matasa da suka bar gida kwanan nan ba masu haske da haske sosai.
Wannan bayanin ba kawai jima'i ba ne, har ma da dimorphism mai dangantaka da shekaru yana haifar da sabon tunani. Wadancan mutane wadanda har yanzu basa buƙatar kyankyasar ƙwai da ciyar da kajin suna da launi mai kariya. A lokaci guda, tsoffin adultan fashi, waɗanda makomar kajin ke dogaro da su, sun sanya riguna sosai da sosai. Ta yaya za a iya bayanin wannan?
Farar fata
Jerin sunayenmu na "Tsuntsayen Yankin Yankin Moscow" yana buɗe kyakkyawan farin dabbar
Babban tsuntsu mai fararen fari da babban beki mai ƙarfi. A baki mai haske edging a gefen fuka-fuki haifar da mafarki na baki da baya ta wurin murɗaɗa zaune. A cikin lokacin sanyi, ƙaura zuwa Afirka da Indiya. Tsuntsu ya fi son zama kusa da inda mutum yake zaune a kan rufin gidaje ko dogayen sanda.
Gait-launin fata: bayanin bayyanar
Tsuntsu yana da ƙaramin jiki mai yawa, har zuwa 14 cm a tsayi kuma yana nauyin 9-14 g, gajeriyar wuƙa da daskararren launi mai launin shuɗi. Saman wani babban kai da napepe inuwa ce mai baki mara nauyi. Yawancin baya, matsakaici da ƙananan fuka-fukai, kafadu, nadhvoste da ƙananan baya suna da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi. Cheeks fararen fata-launin toka ne. Ana lura da inuwa ocher a bangarorin wuyan. A gaban makogwaron shine abin da ake kira shirt-gaban - babban tabo na baƙi. Gefen yana da fararen tsuntsu da ke da datti fari tare da dan karar ocher a gefenta, kafafu da kafafuna masu launin toka ne.
A fagen, na'urar da ke da launin ruwan kasa mai sauƙi ana iya rikitar da ita tare da wacce take da launin baƙi. Bambanci tsakanin su biyu shine cewa ɗan puffer yana da matte maimakon madaidaicin hula mai haske mai laushi da kuma madaidaicin tsinkaye mai raɗaɗi a fikafikan firam ɗin sakandare. Mafi kyawun halayan waɗannan tsuntsayen ana iya kiransu waƙar.
Bayanin nau'ikan nau'ikan fata: baƙi-kai da launin ruwan-fata
Gaiters mai launin ruwan kasa-da baki-baki suna da kama da juna: suna da launin toka-launin toka-launin toka, ya kai tsawon santimita 14, matsakaicin fikafikai ya kai 22 santimita, nauyi ba ya wuce gram 14, ƙarancin gajeren wuyansa da babban kai, cheeks da wuya a gaɓoɓin suna da haske, kusan fari. Isarshen ƙasa datti fari ne, baki mai launin ruwan kasa-baki, kafafu kuma suna launin toka.
Farkon mai baƙin fata wanda aka fara bayyana shi a cikin 1758, launin fata-mai launin fata - a cikin 1827, daga wannan shekarar ne cikakken karatun su ya fara, gami da bincika manyan bambance-bambance da sifofi iri-iri a cikin kowane jinsi.
Gaiters masu launin ruwan kasa sune ɗayan jinsin da aka fi sani, sun sami suna na biyu - puff, saboda gashin fuka-fukan suna da faɗi sosai a cikin mummunan yanayi. Su na da madafin madaurin kai a saman kai da nape; wani tabo mai launi iri ɗaya yana da tabo a gaban makogwaron. Gaers na launin ruwan kasa sun fi sauran wakilan wannan nau'in magana.
A cikin kyaututtukan da suka sa baƙar fata, hula ba dullumi, amma mai haske, kuma tabo a wuyan ya fi kaɗan. Abubuwan ban mamaki na abubuwan da aka samu na baƙi sun haɗa da dogon wutsiya da ƙaramin kai, har da mafi girma motsi, har ma suna tashi da rairawa da sauri.
Abun iyawa na na'urori
A nesa, ana iya bambanta waɗannan nau'ikan tsuntsayen ta hanyar sana'arsu; masu ba da haske ga launin ruwan kasa suna da nau'ikan waƙoƙi uku ne a cikin maimaita su: ƙasa, nuni, da kuma ladabi ga mace. Na farko da na qarshe galibi maza suna amfani da ita, kuma ana iya jin zanga-zangar daga namiji da mace yayin neman abokin tarayya.
Maimaitawar sauti na kyautuka mai baƙar fata daban-daban ne. Suna yin saututtukan na yau da kullun don kururuwa, kuma an yi niyya don takamaiman maƙasudi: zama na ƙawance, kare gida tare da mace, kare ƙasa tare da namiji, flirting, da sauransu. Kowane nau'in waƙa yawanci yana da bambancin kusan 20.
Mazaunin Bird
Wadannan tsuntsayen suna zaune ne a yankuna na Arewacin Amurka, Turai da Asiya kuma suna rayuwa mai rauni - waɗannan suna ɗaya daga cikin fewan wakilan tsuntsayen da ke adana abinci don hunturu kuma suna yawo ne kawai a zaman makoma ta ƙarshe - don nemo abinci a farkon lokacin bazara ko lokacin sanyi.
Duk tsawon rayuwarsu, abubuwan da suka dace sun rayu a yankin kusan kilomita 5 - an zaɓi wannan karamin yanki yayin farkon tsuntsu kuma an saita shi zuwa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya har tsawon rayuwarta. Ana yin nazarin wannan ƙaramin yanki don gina gida, neman abinci da mafaka.
Al'adu na samun launin ruwan kasa da kuma gatancin baƙi daban-daban. Itace launin ruwan kasa tana son coniferous, dazuzzuka mai tarin yawa, ana iya samun saukin sawu a cikin taiga ko kuma a bankunan koguna sun mamaye da ciyayi, inda kusan babu wuya a hadu da mutum.
Yawancin lokaci ana samun blackheads kusa da ƙauyuka, birane, garuruwa, amma deciduous ko, a cikin matsanancin yanayi, cakuda gandun daji sun fi dacewa da su. An zaɓi fifiko ga ƙananan wuraren kwance da kanana tare da tsaunukan kankara, inda akwai bishiyoyi da yawa da suka mutu.
A cikin kewayon mazaunin su na yau da kullun, masu baƙi masu baƙi kullun suna mamaye launin ruwan kasa kuma basu yarda da 'yan uwan da ke kan launin ruwan kasa a ƙasarsu, kodayake wasu lokuta suna keɓance musamman ga wakilan kadaitakarsu a cikin hunturu.
Menene waɗannan nau'in tsuntsayen ke ci?
Duk nau'ikan da suka samu na ci game da iri ɗaya: babban abincin ya haɗa da tsaba na tsirrai daban-daban (alal misali, juniper da sunflower), 'ya'yan itãcen bishiyoyi, ƙananan kwayoyi, kwari (kwari, larvae, da sauransu). Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa abincinsu ya haɗa da kwari masu haɗari, kyauta ana ɗaukar masu warkarwa na halitta waɗanda ke taimakawa gandun daji.
A lokacin rani suna cin tsire-tsire da abincin dabbobi, kuma a cikin hunturu da bazara, galibi suna shukawa. A farkon bazara, baƙi masu baƙar fata suna shan ruwan 'ya'yan itace na Birch, Aspen da maple, kuma a cikin hunturu suna ziyartar masu siyarwar da ke kusa da gonar gona (ko da yake sun kawo musu ziyara da wuya) kuma, mafi ban sha'awa, suna ɓoye hatsi da aka samu a cikin masu siyar da ciyawar a cikin gandun daji.
Kajin na halittun biyu a farkon zamanin rayuwa suna cin abincin dabbobi ne kawai kuma tare da lokaci ne kawai ake fara shigar da abincin da aka shuka a cikin abincin. Halin da ake son tara hannun jari ya bayyana sosai da wuri - tuni yana dan shekara daya. A duk lokacin bazara, bazara da damina, tsuntsaye suna yin ci gaba da wadatar kayan hunturu.
A cikin bazara, an dasa furannin itacen kwastan da na spruce, a cikin kaka, riba sun ɓoye kwari iri iri da kuma shuka iri. A lokacin daga lokacin bazara zuwa hunturu, tsuntsu daya yana yin kilogiram 5 na ajiyar asara a yankin da yake zaune (a cikin kwararan bishiyoyi, wuraren shakatawa da sauran wuraren shakatawa), kodayake kashi ɗaya cikin uku ne kawai ake cinye su a cikin hunturu ɗaya (kusan yawancin adadin ajiyar an rage su kawai).
Socket na'urar
Ganda mai launin shuɗi-fari daga watan Afrilu zuwa Mayu, da kuma wata madaidaiciyar fata mai cin gashin kai daga ƙarshen Maris, a cikin waɗannan lokutan, masu ba da fata suna murna sosai, raira waƙa da yawa, tashi, yaƙi don mata, neman wuri don mazauni. Ma'aurata suna riƙe har sai ɗaya daga cikin abokan ya mutu.
A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, yara tsuntsaye suna neman ma'aurata a yankin da suke kusa daga gidansu. Idan ba a sami abokin tarayya ba, sun bar waɗannan wurare kuma suna neman sa'a a wurare masu nisa na gandun daji.
A farkon shekarar rayuwa, a cikin mutum 1000, mutum 300 ne kawai ke tsira, kusan tsuntsaye 50 sun tsira zuwa shekaru 5, kuma har zuwa shekaru 6-7 - 3, kodayake a gida waɗannan tsuntsayen galibi suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 9.
Nesting na mazan tsuntsaye na faruwa a kusan wuri guda, a cikin wani yanki, wanda namiji ke kiyaye shi tsawon shekara ɗaya. Sau da yawa, na'urori masu launin ruwan kasa-kankara suna yin sabon gida; waɗanda suke kan baƙin-fata sun gwammace yin amfani da tsoffin ko manyan baki.
Don yin sabon rami, tsuntsaye sukan tsinkaye itace su kwashe su domin kada su bayyana wurin da gidan yake. Ana yin shinge a cikin bishiyoyi da suka mutu ko ba a shayar da su ba, tunda itace mai rai ya yi tsauri da ƙanƙara ko ƙaramin kage.
Kafin ka cika ramin, an tsabtace shi da zurfafa don sabuntawa kuma ya sa ya fi karbuwa a gida. Yawancin lokaci ana zaɓi wasu nau'ikan bishiyoyi, waɗannan sun haɗa da alder, larch, Birch, Aspen. Yana ɗaukar zuwa kwanaki 12 don yin sabon rami ko sabunta tsohon. Zurfin ciki ya zama kusan 20 cm.
Don gina gida, nau'ikan na'urori daban-daban suna amfani da wasu kayan. Don haka, blackheads suna amfani da gansakuka, ulu, cobwebs, fuka-fukai, da masu launin ruwan kasa waɗanda suke amfani da twigs, haushi, fuka-fuka, ulu, da haushi.
Kula Chick
Gaiters masu launin ruwan kasa sun fara kwantawa daga ƙarshen watan Mayu, kuma masu fararen fata daga ƙarshen Maris, a cikin ɗayan huɗun akwai fararen ƙwai 9 a cikin launin launin ruwan kasa-ja. Girman kwai ɗaya kamar 15x12 mm.
Daysan kwanaki 15 na farko, mace tana ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai ba tare da barin gida ba, kuma namiji yakan ciyar da ita. Mace na iya barin gida kawai a lokuta masu wuya, idan na dogon lokaci babu wani namiji da zai nemi abinci da kanta. Tuni a cikin watan Afrilu - Mayu, kajin na gaɓar fata mai cin gashin kansa ya bayyana, kuma a watan Yuli - waɗanda ke da launin ruwan kasa.
Mace da namiji suna ciyar da su gaba ɗaya, suna ta kawo musu abinci kullum. A cikin lokacin sanyi, mace tana cikin gida tare da kajin, suna dumama su, kuma cikin dumin zai iya barin abinci.
Bayan kwanaki 18, kajin sun sami damar tashi, amma har yanzu sun kasa samun abincin nasu. A cikin kwanaki 12 masu zuwa, namiji da mace suna koya musu yadda zasu sami abinci, kewaya ƙasa, su sami gida.
Duk tsawon rayuwarsu, sun fara haifuwa kuma suna kula da 'ya' ya fiye da guda, suna matukar kulawa dasu har sai kajin sun sami damar rayuwa da kansu a cikin dajin daji. Rayuwar samun kuɗi tana da rikitarwa kuma ba a iya faɗi ba, kawai mafi ƙarfi, mafi dacewa da na daji, kuma, ala, kaɗan, tsira daga manyan tsintsaye na kaka.
Shin kuna son labarin? Danna Kamar: Karin labarai masu kayatarwa a sashin :,
Gaiter mai launin ruwan kasa, ko puff, ƙarami ne, launin toka, mai rubutun mara. An saka sunan Chubby ne saboda yanayin yadda ya dace da yanayin sanyi. Birdan ƙaramin tsuntsu launin toka mai launin fata mai laushi tare da ƙyalle a kirjinsa. Ta baya, kafadu, ƙananan baya suna launin toka, wutsiyarta datti fari fari tare da gashin fuka-fuki, fikafikananta sunyi launin ruwan kasa.
Kasuwancin launin ruwan kasa sun mamaye cikin fili da kuma tsaunukan tuddai na arewacin hemisphere: a Arewacin Amurka, Turai (banda yankuna na kudanci), a arewacin sassan Asiya, Caucasus, Sakhalin da tsibirin Japan.
Ana kiyaye ƙananan abubuwa a nau'i-nau'i waɗanda aka kafa a cikin fall. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna da mazauna a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu rarrafe ko kuma lalacewa, kuma suna gina gidaje ta hanya ta musamman: sabanin sauran tsuntsayen, 'yar gaiter din ta zazzage ta zama kango, daga baya kuma ta sanya gida a ciki. Sai kawai gazawa sun mamaye shinge da aka yi da shirye-shiryen, mafi yawanci sukanyi amfani da murhun tsuntsayen da aka gani, kananan katako ko kuma tsoffin ɓoyo na kansu. A cikin mazaunin kurar wucin gadi, chubs suna da wuya sosai.An san wuraren da yawa a cikin wuraren da ba a saba gani ba - a ƙarƙashin tushen bishiyoyi, a cikin tsoffin naru na maɓuɓɓugar, a cikin tsintsiyar-kamar rabin-m, a cikin gurnetin mai a toshe a wuraren aiki rawaya ne.
Bast fibs, ƙananan rami, busassun tushe, matattara, gansakken busar, da gashin dabba suna zama abu don tsarin. Ginin gida yana da matukar fa'ida: a cikin awa ɗaya akwai masu zuwa 12-14 masu zuwa ga m tare da kayan gini. Koyaya, kowane sa'o'i 1-2, tsuntsaye sukan daina ginin awanni da yawa. A lokacinsu na kyauta daga aikin gina gida da kuma yayin kwanciya da ƙwai, ma'auratan suna ba yawancin lokaci suna shirya abinci. A matsakaici, yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 3 don gina gida.
A cikin irin wannan gida matasa kajin za su ciyar da farkon makonni na rayuwa. Iyayen biyu suna ciyar da su bi da bi.
Har ya zuwa watan Yuli, an sanya samarin matasa masu jerin gwano tare da sheke, daga baya za su hada kai cikin rudani mai rudani da yin abota da sarakuna da sauran kananan tsuntsayen. Har lokacin tsananin sanyi zasu yi yawo daga wuri zuwa wuri. A cikin hunturu, lokacin da babu isasshen abincin abincin tsuntsaye, ana iya ganin su a cikin wuraren shakatawa na birni, lambuna, kusa da jikin ruwa. Abincin launin fata mai launin ruwan-fata yana da bambanci sosai - galibi ne matafila, kuzur da gizo-gizo.
Kamar wasu nau'ikan tsuntsaye, kankara a lokacin bazara da farkon kaka na ajiye abinci - kwari, gizo-gizo, da sauransu. Babban halayen adana abinci a cikin chubbies an yi magana sosai. A duk shekara, sukan ɓoye wani ɓangare na abincin da aka samo. Ana iya lura da ciyar da abinci koda a cikin hunturu, da alama, a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayin abinci mafi muni. Pan matasa puffers fara ɓoye abinci a watan Yuli.
Puffers suna ɓoye ajiyar su a wurare da yawa: akan bishiyoyin coniferous da deciduous, ƙasa da kan bushes, kututture, har ma a ƙasa a gindin kwanduna. A kan conifers, puffers suna da hannun jari a kusan dukkanin sassan itacen. Wani lokacin abinci da yake ɓoye wani lokaci ana rufe shi da ɗan itace ko lashen. A cikin rana guda, pichuga guda ɗaya na iya ba da damar cika har zuwa dubu biyu daga cikin waɗannan guraben!
Koyaya, kayan aikin, a fili, ba sa tuna wurin da hannun jari kuma suka samo abincin da ke ɓoye kwatsam, tare da wanda aka gano na farko. Yin amfani da hannun jari wani lokacin yana farawa nan da nan bayan an sanya jari. Wasu daga cikin hannun jari da tsuntsayen suke ci, wasu kuma suna ɓoye. Godiya ga wannan ɓoye na yau da kullun, ana rarraba abinci ko evenasa ko'ina cikin yankin na maƙarƙashiyar. Ana amfani da kayan ajiyar wuri tare, kuma ba kawai daga kwayoyi kawai ba, har ma da yawancin jinsunan tsuntsaye, da kuma sauran tsuntsayen hunturu.
Tumaki mai launin shuɗi hunturu ƙungiya ce mai haɗa kai, duka membobinsu suna da masaniyar halayen juna, wanda ke ba su damar gujewa sabani. Ka'idojin dokoki wadanda ke tafiyar da rayuwar zamantakewa sunada sauki - kowane tsuntsu ya san wanda zai bayar da kuma wanda zai nuna karfin sa.
Gadgets na iya zama misali na amincin aure, wanda ya danganta da tausayin abokan juna da al'adar zama a yanki ɗaya.
Ugo na zinare
Sauran tsuntsayen ganima kusa da Moscow, hotuna da kwatancen waɗanda aka gabatar a nan, ba za a iya kwatanta su da Golden Eagle ba. Wannan wakilin sharar shaho yana da girma sosai. Fukafukanta suna da tsawan tsawan mita 2.5. Abubuwan da ya farauta sune beraye, ƙera, tumaki, ko ma ƙuruciya.
Syn. Poecile montanus
Dukan yankin Belarus
Titmouse na Iyali - Paridae.
A cikin Belarus - P. m. boralis.
Sansanin Nesting na yau da kullun kuma ɗan rabi ɗan yawo.
A waje, duka a cikin girman da launi na plumage yana da alaƙa da naƙasa mai launin baƙi. An bambanta ta da inuwa mai launin ruwan kasa da baki a cikin maɓallin saman kai, ƙaramin begen da ya fi tsayi da kasancewar bayyananniyar haske kan iyakoki a cikin murfin rufi na sama. Gashin yana da launin ruwan kasa, kumatun fararen fata, akwai tabo na baki a makogwaro, ciki na da datti, baya yana da launin toka mai launin shuɗi. Girman namiji shine 10-11.5 g, mace shine 10-12 g .. Tsawon jikin (dukkan jinsi) shine 12-14 cm, fikafiti 16.5-22 cm ne, tsawon reshe shine 6-6.5 cm, wutsiya 6 cm ne, tarsus 1 cm.
Ya zauna a ciki musamman coniferous da kuma cakuda coniferous-deciduous gandun daji na irin taiga. Yawancin wuraren zama sune gandun daji na itacen rafi, bishiyoyi na Pine hade da katako iri-iri, galibi ana samunsu kusa da gundarin sphagnum, gurnataccen gandun daji da tsalle-tsalle tare da tsoffin bishiyoyi da ɓatattun abubuwa. A cikin gandun daji gauraye, sai ya zabi filaye da aka mamaye da Pine ko spruce. Ana samun duka a kusa da gefen gandun daji, da zurfi a cikin gandun daji. Lokaci-lokaci yakan zauna a cikin unguwa tare da wani mutum, wani lokacin maɗauran a cikin manyan wuraren shakatawa na daji a gaban bishiyoyi masu ɓoye ko kuma damar daɗaɗɗen wuta a cikin ɓarna na katako na alder ko Birch.
A waje na lokacin kiwo, a lokacin ƙaura na kaka-lokacin hunturu, ana samun su sau da yawa a cikin yawancin gandun daji a cikin lambuna da wuraren shakatawa da kuma a cikin gidajen rani a garken da wasu titmouse suna neman abinci.
Abubuwan da ake dasu a cikin wannan nau'in sune rawanin bishiya (Pine, itacen oak, Aspen, Birch, alder), bishiyoyi da murfin ciyawa.
A watan Maris - Afrilu, ana lura da samuwar nau'i-nau'i, a wannan lokacin mafi yawan lokuta zaka iya jin mawaƙa namiji - yana ta maimaita murmishi. Tsuntsu mai waka yana motsawa koyaushe a cikin rawanin bishiyoyi. Kiran dai ba ya zamewa ba, kamar na'urar da ke dafe kan baki, amma ta fi kyau, da isharar “ji-ji-ji. ". A watan Mayu - Yuni, tsananin mawaƙa yana raguwa sosai, sannan yana ƙaruwa lokacin da kajin ke tashi daga gida, yayin da maza da mata suke rairawa.
Ungiyoyi a cikin nau'i-nau'i daban-daban a cikin ramuka, waɗanda yawanci ake biɗar su kuma sukan tsage kansu cikin ƙazamtattun tururuwa, waɗanda suka kakkarye bushe ko kuma ɓatattun bishiyoyi a tsawan 0.5-1.5 na maza da mata duka suna shiga cikin aikin rami. Kadan yawanci ana amfani da shirye-shiryen ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen tsari, amma koyaushe yana sharewa da zurfafa su. A gina m yana kwanaki 5-20, nests - kwanaki 4-6.
Diamita na ramin famfo bai wuce 25-35 mm ba. A kasan ramin, an gina karamin gida daga guntun itace, guntun hatsi da hatsi na hatsi. Tare da wannan kayan, gidan shekin ma yana da banbanci sosai daga mazaunin kwaya mai kama da kai daga ciki. Don rufi yana amfani da gashin dabba da gashi, yana ƙara kayan lambu, cobwebs a gare su. A wasu lokuta na musamman, ana amfani da karancin abu kan gina gida, ko ma tsuntsu zai iya yi ba tare da shi ba, sannan babu abin da zai faru a cikin rami sai dai turɓayar ƙura. Girman diamita na tire kusan 5 cm.
Clutch ya ƙunshi 6-9 (yawanci 7-8), lokaci-lokaci 5 ko 10 qwai. Harsashi mai sheki ne mai sheki, fari mai farin fari, an rufe shi da wani abu mai santsi ko mai kauri mai santsi a launi mai launin shuɗi, sau da yawa yana samar da farin danshi a ƙarshen farin. Zurfin zurfin suna da launin toka-mai launin shuɗi. Tsarin kwai na 1.3 g, tsawon 14-17 mm, diamita 11-13 mm.
Kwanciya ƙwai yana faruwa a cikin shekaru goma na uku na Afrilu - ƙarnin farko na Mayu. Akwai brood ɗaya a cikin shekara guda, amma wani lokacin akwai guda biyu. Ana lura da yanayin tashin hankali na zagaye na biyu a kudu maso yammacin Belarus har zuwa farkon rabin Yuli.
Mace tana sanya kwanaki 14-15, a lokacin ne namiji yakan kawo mata abinci a kai a kai.
Duk iyayen sun ciyar da kajin. Lokacin yana da kimanin kwanaki 18, kajin suna barin gida. Iyaye sun tashi daga natsin na ragowar farawa suna ciyar da kwanaki 7-1 kusa da rami. Kimanin mako guda da tashi, kajin suna ƙoƙarin samo abincin nasu. Kimanin wata guda bayan tashi, broods ya tsaya tare, sannan sai a watse, kuma tsuntsayen matasa suka yi ƙaura, kawai sai tsakiyar tsakiyar lokacin hunturu yake wucewa zuwa rayuwa ta zauna.
A cikin kudu maso yammacin Belarus, yawan kajin a cikin gida shine 4-8, matsakaici na 6.2.
Dangane da lura da bukatu biyu, wanda akwai kajin 6 da 7 na kwanaki 8-10 a cikin gandun daji na Tomashovsky (gundumar Brest), yawan ciyarwar abinci zuwa gida shine iyaye 220-280 sau a rana. Ana tattara abinci kusa da gida. Yankin farauta ya fara daga 4.5 zuwa 11,000 m², matsakaici na 8.7 dubu m².
Abincin kayan masarufi masu ɗauke da launin ruwan kasa sun ƙunshi kwari da sauran ƙananan dabbobi, ciki har da aphids, gizo-gizo, kwari-kwancen kwai, ƙananan mollus da tsutsotsi.Hakanan ana cin abincin 'ya'yan itacen conifers da wasu tsire-tsire (tsaba na spruce, Pine, juniper,' ya'yan itãcen marmari da kuma itacen ash, dutsen shudi, alder, Birch) kuma ana cinye su har kajin. A cikin bazara, tsuntsaye sun haɗa da matan aspen da alder a cikin abincin, suna sha ruwan Birch.
Kayan kaji suna ciyar da caterpillars na butterflies, gizo-gizo da koko, da kuma lardin kananan kwari. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin tashi daga gida, iyaye sun fara ciyar da kajin da tsaba.
A cikin kaka, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna shirya ɗimbin ɗakunan abinci (ɗaya ko yawancin tsaba kowannensu), suna ɓoye su a cikin ɓoyayyen ɓarin, a ƙarƙashin lashen da sauran wuraren ɓoye. Abin mamaki, kowane tsuntsu yana tuna da ɗakunan sa da yawa, yana bincika akai-akai kuma yakan ɓoye abubuwan da ke ciki. Ana amfani da ajiyar wurare mafi yawa yayin rashin abinci na ɗan lokaci, wanda masu mallaka da sauran tsuntsaye ke amfani dashi.
Yawan a cikin Belarus ya tabbata, an kiyasta kimanin 400-600 dubu nau'i-nau'i.
Matsakaicin shekarun da aka yiwa rajista a Turai shine shekaru 11 watanni 4.
Capercaillie
Capercaillie - wani wakili mai haske na jerin "Tsuntsayen Yankin Yankin Moscow"
Squadungiya mai kamun kaji tayi girman turki. Mata da maza suna da bambanci sosai, duka cikin launi da girma. Sukan tashi da ƙarfi da hayaniya, ba tare da sun tashi sama ba daga bisa dazuzzuka. Tsuntsu ya samo sunan sa zuwa tsarin fasalin majinin. A yayin wasannin tsaka-tsaki yana sanya kararrawa, a lokacin da yake jin karaya.
Wani dangi na kusa da hankaka, amma mafi siririn. Launin baƙin ƙarfe da baƙar fata a gaban baki ya bambanta dutsen da shi. Yana ciyar da kusan duk abin da yake cikin ikonta. Rodanan ƙananan ƙwayoyi da sharar ɗan adam, tsutsotsi da hatsi - duk don dandanorsa.
Murkushewa
Theanƙar daɗaɗɗar kanta yana da lalacewa, amma tana da haruffa masu haske a cikin nau'i na nono mai zaki da baki
Lokacin kallon kundin adireshin, inda aka jera tsuntsayen yankin Moscow, hoton su da kwatancinsu basu jawo hankali sosai. Rashin launi mai launin ruwan kasa-da launin ruwan kasa mai launin baya, da fari ciki da launin shuɗi ba su hana shi yin kyawawan sauti ba, waɗanda a dama ake kira da waƙa.
Kingfisher
Wannan karamin tsuntsu yanada matukar kyau. Babban kai mai dauke da katako mai kaifin yawa a jikin gajere. Rashin rauni na kafafu da gajerun fuka-fukai suna haɗu da wannan hoton. Tare da wannan duka, sarki mai sheki yana da rudi mai haske: baya da fikafikansa shuɗi ne, kuma kasan jikinsa rawaya. Tsuntsu ya zauna a gefen gawawwakin ruwa, kamar yadda yake farauta kusa da ruwa.
Mallard
Wannan ruwan ruwa na yau da kullun shine asalin magabacin gida. Tana da jiki har tsawon santimita 60 kuma nauyinta ya kai kilo 1.5. A cikin ɓoye, ana lura da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ya ƙunshi kasancewa a cikin faffadar kore kogin fari da kai da farin abin wuya. Mallard tsuntsu ne na kasuwanci, abin da aka fi so don farauta.
Kobchik
Ya kasance tare da oda Falconiformes. Falaramin falcon shine karamin falcon. Launin baƙar fata ne, maza suna da jan bulo-“wando”, kuma mace suna da jan kai da ƙananan jikinsu. Kamar kowane wakilai na Falconiformes - babban mafarauci. Mafarauta ne wanda ke farauta da ƙananan jijiyoyi, da sauri yana kama su da ƙyalli daga sama.
Bullfinch
Kyakkyawan wakilin dangin. Brightaƙƙarfan farin ciki na bullar katako suna bayyana sosai a cikin hunturu a kan dusar ƙanƙara. Suna ciyar da 'ya'yan itatuwa da berries akan ragowar bishiyoyi. Batun ɓoye babu girma fiye da mai zane.
Gull lake ya fi girma fiye da gull
An rarraba shi sosai a yankin ƙasarmu. Yana da farin rudewa tare da baki. Yana ciyar da kifi. Gidaje kusa da gawarwakin ruwa. Girman wannan gull ya fi na dangi girma.
Nightingale
Sarkin wakar. Tare da ƙananan girmanta, yana da muryar kyau na musamman. Ba abin mamaki ba idan aka kwatanta da "waƙa kamar ta dare."
Sannu masoya masu karatu shafin game da dabbobi. Alexander yana tare da kai. Kun sani, kwatsam sai kawai na tuna yadda kwanan nan nayi farin ciki da tarin kyawawan tsuntsayen ga mai ba mu tsuntsaye akan bishiya a cikin lambun kusa da gidan.Koyaushe muna rataye yawancin su akan kowane itace a cikin hunturu.
Kuma wannan lokacin, kyawawan tsuntsaye sun tashi zuwa wurin masu kiwo, waɗanda ba mu taɓa gani ba a lokacin bazara. Waɗannan tsuntsaye - tsuntsaye. Kyakkyawan kyau, kar ku tsaga idanunku. A cikin wannan labarin zan gaya muku menene nau'ikan tsuntsaye kuma ku kalli hotunansu.
Iri tsuntsayen hotuna da sunaye
Zai yi wuya ba a lura da tsuntsaye masu launin shuɗi ba, saboda suna tashi zuwa cikin daji a lokacin rani kuma suna zaune a can kafin lokacin sanyi.
Amma yanzu, kamar yadda sanyi na farko suka buge, dusar ƙanƙara mai sanyi za ta bayyana a sararin sama - tsuntsaye za su miƙe zuwa mazaunin ɗan adam. Kusa da mutum koyaushe zaka iya samun matattarar abinci. Ee, kuma mutumin ya tuna da fuka-fukan: shirya masu ciyarwa, ya rataye wani kitse wanda ba a san shi ba. Kowane abu a gare su, don tsuntsaye da 'yan'uwansu.
Birds ananan tsuntsaye suna taruwa a cikin gungun mutane a lokacin isowar yanayin sanyi, saboda yafi jin daɗi lokacin hunturu, kuma yafi yuwuwar tsira.
A kallon farko, da alama duk tsuntsaye iri daya ne, banda cewa ana iya bambance shi da tsayi. Wannan hakika ba haka bane. Ga yadda aka saba Titmouse - Bolshak . Tana da girma. Plarfinta na da haske: ciki na ciki rawaya ce da baƙar fata a tsakiyar. Baki tit da hat. Tana ƙirƙirar bambanci mai kaifi tare da farin cheeks. A bayan tsuntsu launin launi ne na launuka daban-daban na kore.
Manyan tsuntsayen tsuntsaye ne masu rai sosai dangane da motsi. Sukan yi ta binciken kututturen itacen, suna neman ɓoyayyun kwari a ƙarƙashin haushi. A lokaci guda, tsuntsayen suna magana da karfi a tsakanin su. A lokacin rani, kurmi mafi kusa shine gidansu.
Kusa da babban titmouse, ƙananan tsuntsaye suna tsalle. Sun bambanta da babba a cikin launin shuɗewa. shi blue tit . Ba su da huluna masu launin shuɗi ba kuma ratsin baƙar fata a kirji da ciki. Saboda ƙarancin nauyi na shudi mai shuɗi, suna iya zuwa farfajiya akan babban reshe na bakin ciki. Wannan bawai yana nuna cewa halayensu suna da mutunci ba Blue tit ba sa ba da laifi ga kansu, suna yin amo a kan masu ciyarwa, korar sauran tsuntsaye.
Wani dangi na Blue Tit bugawa . Yarima da gaske yake ba sabon abu bane. Yana “sanye” cikin taguwar shuɗi da fari. Wannan tsuntsu ba kasada ba ce, kuma ana yin bayani game da shi a cikin Littafin Layi.
A cikin duhu duhu coniferous gandun daji zaune wani plumage kama da babban itace - tsuntsu lakabi Muscovite . A bayyane yake, saboda girgizar ƙasa da mazauninta, ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙwalwarsa yana raguwa. Da alama tsuntsun ya yayyafa da hatsi na kwal. Ana iya gane shi da farin tabo a wuyan.
Muscovites maƙwabta ne puffer da ruwan-kai . Waɗannan su ma tsuntsaye ne. Gyaransu na launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, ƙusoshinsu masu haske ne, akwai tabo baki a kai, ɗaya a gemun. Ana rarrabe 'yan'uwa mata ta hanyar muryoyinsu da zaɓinsu: ana iya samun puffer a tsakanin bishiyoyi, wata na'urar da baƙar fata ta kai-daɗe a cikin gandun daji mai ɗorewa kusa da rafin rami.
Da wuya, amma har yanzu zaka iya ganin tsuntsu mai kyan gani tare da crest. Don kasancewar tsuntsaye mai kira da ake kira gurnati . Da zarar cikin karni na 18, kawunan gurnetin suna tare da irin crest ɗin. Gurnetin shima yana da suna na yau da kullun - sunan da aka sutura.
Duk waɗannan tsuntsayen sun haɗa kai da gaskiyar cewa sun sauka a cikin rami. Ramin da katako ya watsar dashi ko kuma hanjin da aka kirkira ta yanayi yana rayuwa a itace. Abinci a gare su kwari ne da tsaba. Wadanda suke rayuwa a cikin dajin spruce, a zahiri, suna cin tsaba daga '' spruce cones '. Idan amfanin gona ya zama mara kyau, titites suna zama nomads.
Sauran nau'ikan kayan abinci masu kwari na kwari da iri. Sau da yawa, tsuntsaye sukan manta da kayan kwalliyar su, amma hannun jari baya zuwa vata. Wadanda sune farkon gano irin wannan kayan kwandis ɗin suna bugun su.
Zamu iya cewa tsuntsayen suna da 'yan uwan juna, suna haifar da iyali daban. shi dogon-tailed tsuntsaye . Ana kiransu mayaƙa saboda suna kama da ƙaramin bulo tare da ɗamara mai tsawo. Wadannan "masu dafa" masu ginawa ne masu kyau.
Abubuwan gini a gare su sune gansakuka. Ana samun gidaje masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi daga gare ta, wanda ana iya samun dama ta hanyar ƙofar gefen. Yawanci, waɗannan gidajen suna da kyau katako.
A cikin hunturu, tsuntsaye masu dogon zango suna samar da gungun masu zaman kansu daga sauran. Zasu iya bin rake na itace idan aka raunana.Sannan takenmouse suna da ikon bincike a gindin kwari na kwari.
Babban bege a cikin tsuntsayen hunturu suna sauka akan mutum. Idan ya goyi bayan tsuntsayen a cikin hunturu, za su biya shi ladar bazara. Ya ku masu karatu, ina son in tambaye ku, amma shin kuna ciyar da tsuntsayen a cikin hunturu kuma ku yi masu kiwo? Yi rahoton wannan a cikin sharhi kan wannan labarin. Kuma a sa'an nan za mu ko yaya gaya da kuma nuna a cikin wadannan labarai - yadda za a yi fulogen tsuntsaye. Kuna sha'awar?