Kallon hoton dingo, yana da wuya a yanke hukunci nan da nan cewa wannan kare yana da kyan gani (kuma akai-akai) cewa wakilan sa basu iya haushi ba, kawai suna yin kururuwa ne kuma suna kara sauti.
Karen kare yana nufin ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin nau'ikan, sabili da haka, ba a san asalin halittar wasu ba, duk da haka, akwai wasu maganganu da sigogi akan wannan batun.
A cewar daya daga cikinsu, abincin daji ya samo asali ne daga asalin nau'in kare da aka kera daga kasar Sin, a daya bangaren - matafiya, 'yan kasuwa da baƙi ne suka kawo wakilan nau'in halittar.
Akwai kuma wata tatsuniya wacce ta bayyana cewa dingo ta fito daga zuriya ne daga karnukan pario da karnukan wolf daga Indiya.
Siffofi da mazaunin karen kare
Zuwa yau, wakilai irin dingo ana iya samunsa a ko'ina cikin Australia, haka kuma a Thailand, Philippines, Laos, Indonesia, Myanmar, Malaysia, da kuma tsibiran Borneo da New Guinea.
Kare Dingo shine ɗayan manyan masu hasashen tsibiran Australiya
Tsawon jikin dabbar yawanci bai wuce santimita ɗari da ashirin ba, tsinkayar dingo ta tashi daga centimita 50 zuwa 55. Wutsiya matsakaiciya ce girmanta, tsawonsa yawanci daga 24 zuwa 40 santimita ne.
Dogswararrun karnukan dingo sun bambanta daga 8 zuwa 20 kilogiram, tare da maza sun fi girma da nauyi fiye da mace. Masana kimiyya sun lura sau da yawa cewa wakilan karnukan dingo da ke zaune a yankin Australiya ta zamani sun fi takwarorinsu na ƙasashen Asiya girma.
Dogon dingo yana da kauri da gajere. Jawo yakan zama ja a launuka daban-daban. Zzlearfi da ciki suna da sauƙi fiye da sauran launi, a baya, akasin haka - wurare masu duhu.
Akwai iri kare kare launin baƙar fata, wanda bisa ga wasu masana kimiyya shine sakamakon hayewa tare da makiyayi Bajamushe.
Halin hali da salon kare karen dingo
Karnukan karnukan farare ne, saboda haka galibinsu ba su da labari. Mafi sau da yawa zaku iya haɗuwa dasu a tsakanin lokacin farin ciki na bishiyar eucalyptus ko gefen gefunan daji. A wasu halayen, karnukan dabbar za su iya zama a cikin kogo da dutse. Dole ne a zama sanadin samun tushen wurin samun ruwa a kusa.
Dingoes suna kafa ƙungiyoyi, waɗanda sune garken da suka haɗa mutane goma sha biyu ko sama da haka. Tsarin sarauta mai ƙarfi yana mulki a cikin irin waɗannan al'ummomin: tsakiyar wurin da mafi girman tasirin yana kasancewa ne ta dabbobi biyu, waɗanda ke mamaye sauran alumma.
Karnukan Dingo dabbobi ne masu wayo. Dalilin rarraba su a ko'ina cikin Australiya da kuma wata gaskiyar ita ce cewa sun ɗan shiga sabon yanayi don kansu ba wai kawai sun dace da shi ba, har ma suna lalata masu gasa.
Har zuwa yau, kusan sun kawar da bayyanar da aljanu da mugayen karnukan karnuka. Farauta da karnukan da ke cikin gidan na da matukar wahala, saboda dabbobi a sauƙaƙe gano tarko kuma a cikin hikima sun keɓance tarko. Babban abokan gabansu a wannan lokacin sune jakuna da manyan karnukan wasu dabbobi.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, yayin aiwatar da gudu daji, karnukan dingo sun rasa ikon haushi. Kamar karnukan kyarketai, suna yin sautin tsoratarwa mai ban tsoro, kuma ba shakka hayaniya.
Kowace al'umma na karnukan dingo suna da yankin da suke farauta kangaroos da sauran dabbobi. Da yake sun haɗu a cikin babban garken, karnukan birgima sau da yawa suna kai hari kan gonaki da makiyaya na tumaki, suna haifar da mummunar lalacewa.
Abubuwan nuna halayen karnukan dingo suna bayyana su a cikin sinima da adabi. Musamman, cikin labarai"Karen kare» Marubucin Soviet R.I. Fraerman ta bayyana yarinyar Tanya, wacce ta yi mafarki da karen kare a Australia, yayin da halayenta sun yi daidai da halayyar wannan dabba.
An bayyana wannan cikin warewa, son kai da tsarkin rayuwa.
Ga wadanda suke so saya dingo, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa wannan karen bashi da dabba ko kaɗan kuma yana da matukar wuya a horar da shi azaman kyarkeci. Kari akan haka, wadannan dabbobin an rarraba su ne musamman a Australia da wasu kasashen Asiya, saboda haka farashin dingo mai girma sosai.
Abincin Dog
Karnuka na cin abinci ba karnuka bane na farare kuma suna iya farautar su kadai ko a fakiti Abincin abincin D Australian na Australiya ya hada da yawancin ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar zomaye, mallaki, tsuntsaye, wallabies, lizards, beraye.
Idan babu samar da al'ada, zasu iya ciyar da abinci. Yana ta ɓarna a cikin garken, yana cin abincin dabbobi akan kangaroos da wasu manyan dabbobi. Yawancin lokaci suna kai hari kan gidaje ta hanyar sace tumaki, awaki, kaji, kaji da geese.
Dingos na Asiya suna ciyar da abinci daban-daban. Yawancin abincin da suke ci sune sharar gida iri-iri da mutane ke watsar dasu, sune: ragowar kifaye da nama, kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa, shinkafa da sauran kayan hatsi.
Tun da Dingo na Ostireliya ta haifar da asara mai yawa ga noma da kiwo, ana kashe kuɗi masu yawa a cikin shekara don yaƙar waɗannan karnukan. Zuwa yanzu, wuraren kiwo na Australiya suna kewaye da shinge mai nisan sama da kilomita dubu takwas, wanda sintiri ke gudana a kai a kai, yana kawar da ramuka da fashewar abubuwa.
Sake bugun ciki da rayuwar ƙwararrakin Dog
Balagagge a cikin karnuka na irin dingo yana faruwa ne da kimanin shekara biyu. Ba kamar karnukan dabbobi ba. ingoan kwikwiyo na Dingo daga mace daya ana haihuwar su sau daya a shekara.
Lokacin haila yana cikin bazara, kuma haihuwar mace yawanci tana daga kwanaki sittin zuwa saba'in. Ppan yayyun an haife su makaho, kuma a cikin garken, keɓaɓɓen halayen mata ne, waɗanda ke kashe duk sauran ppan kawi.
Hoto ɗan kwikwiyo na karen kare
Duk al'umma suna kulawa da yara kwiban da aka haifa a cikin kunshin ta wacce babbar mace ce. Lokacin da ya kai wata biyu, kwiyakwiyo dole su bar kogon kuma su zauna tare tare da sauran membobin fakitin.
Har zuwa tsawon watanni uku, duk membobin wannan yanki suna ciyar da 'yan kwikwiyo, bayan wannan' yar tsana ta fara farauta tare, tare da tsofaffin mutane. Tsawon rayuwar kare a cikin daji yana tsakanin shekaru biyar zuwa goma. A cikin bauta, suna ɗaukar tushe mara kyau kuma galibi suna guduwa, kodayake wasu 'yan Australiya sun sami nasarar lalata su.
Labari
Yin hukunci game da burbushin ragowar, dingos aka kawo shi Australia ba ta farkon baƙi ba (kusan 40,000-50,000 shekaru da suka gabata), kamar yadda muke tsammani, amma baƙi daga kudu maso gabashin Asiya (mai yiwuwa daga tarin tsibirin Malay). Oldestan wasan kwano mafi tsoka da aka samo a cikin Vietnam shine kusan shekaru 5,500, kuma ragowar wannan karen ya kasance tsakanin shekaru 2,500 zuwa 5,000 kuma an same shi a wasu sassa na kudu maso gabas na Asiya, kuma mafi tsohuwar dingo wacce take da zama a Ostiraliya tana da shekaru 3,450. Nazarin 2004 na mitochondrial dingo DNA wanda aka buga a Ostiraliya ya koma 4000 BC. e., mai yiwuwa, duk dingos na Australiya ya fito ne daga ƙaramin rukuni ɗaya. Haɗakar da bayanan ilimin halittar jini da ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi, masana kimiyya sun yanke shawara cewa karnukan dingo sun zo Australia daga shekaru 5,000 zuwa 12,000 da suka gabata godiya ga mafarauta da masu tattara kayan kabilar Toalea (Toalean) daga kudu na tsibirin Sulawesi, waɗanda tabbas su kansu ma sun karbe su daga maƙwabta daga Kalimantan. Dingo din ba shi da yawa kwafin abubuwan da zai ba ka damar narke sitaci, wanda a cikin karnukan cikin gida ya taso sakamakon rayuwa tare da mutanen da ke noma. Dingoes na ɗauke da keɓaɓɓen Y-chromosome haplogroup H60, wanda akazo daga Y-chromosome haplogroup H5, gama gari ne a Taiwan. H5 da H60 sun zama gungu guda ɗaya tare da nuna asalin magabacin maza da suka rayu shekaru dubu 4-5 da suka gabata BC. e, wanda ya zo daidai da fadada harsunan Thai-Kadai daga Kudancin China. Dangane da ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi, dingo ta je Australiya kimanin shekaru 3,500 da suka gabata. Kasusuwa Dingo daga Madura Cave a cikin Nullarbor Plain kwanan wata daga 3348-3081 da suka gabata.
A Ostiraliya, waɗanda suka tsere ko barin su sun sami kyawawan yanayin rayuwa: wasa da yawa, rashi abokan gaba da ƙwararrun masu fafatawa, da yawaita da zama a duk faɗin nahiyar da tsibirin da ke kusa, ba kawai Tasmania ba. Towarewar yin farauta a fakitoci ya basu muhimmiyar fa'ida akan mahalli ɗaya ba ɗaya. Da alama, dingo ta haifar da ofarrar marsupials da yawa.
Yawancin lokaci, ana la'akari da dingoes a matsayin matsayin ƙungiyar ƙyamar wolf, amma wasu masana suna ɗaukarta wani jinsi ne mai cin gashin kansa. An yi imanin cewa dingo dabbar zuriya ce ta ƙungiyar Indiya da ta fi kyan gani, wacce har yanzu a cikin daji har yanzu ana samunsu a cikin Tsibirin Hindustan da kuma a Balochistan. A shekarar 1958, an gano karen kare na kasar Guinea, mai kama da dingo, amma karami ne kawai, a cikin gandun daji na New Guinea. Wani karen kare na Caroline da aka gano kwanan nan a kudu maso gabashin Amurka shima yana kama da dingo.
Bayyanar
Dingin yana kama da kare mai tsini na matsakaici matsakaici: tsayi a ƙarancin ya bushe 47-70 cm, tsawon jikinsa da kai mai nauyin 86-122, tsawon wutsiya 26-38. Tsinkaya mai nauyin kilogram 9.60-19, da wuya yakai kilogi 24 da sama. Maza sun fi girma girma fiye da mace, kuma dingos na Asiya sun fi dangi na Australiya, a fili saboda abincin da yake da ƙarancin furotin. Siffar dingo tana kama da hound. Zzlearfin murabba'i ne, kunnuwa ƙanana ne, kafaɗa. Wutsiya tana da faɗi, saber.
Jawo daga dingo gajere ne kuma mai kauri, launi na hali shine mai launin shuɗi-ja ko launin shuɗi, mai haske akan kuncin da ciki. Lokaci-lokaci, mutane kusan baki ne, fararen fata da keɓaɓɓe. A kudu maso gabas na Ostiraliya, nau'in dingo shine launin toka mai launin fari. Dingo baki da tan (kamar launi na rottweiler) ana ɗaukarsu dabobin dingo tare da karnukan gida, wataƙila makiyaya ne na Germanasar ta Jamus.
Darfewa masu tsabta basa haushi, amma sun sami damar hayaniya da kuka kamar kyarkeci.
Siffofi da mazaunin dingo
Akwai nau'ikan asalin asalin wannan tsohuwar nau'in kare. Wasu masana suna da'awar cewa baƙi 'yan asalin Asiya ne suka gabatar da shi misalin shekaru dubu huɗu da suka gabata. Kakanninsu suna cin amanar karnuka, karnukan karnukan Indiya, da karnukan gida daga China. Koyaya, yawancin masana kimiyya sun yanke shawara cewa karnukan sun shiga Ostiraliya daga tsibirin Sulawesi, inda mafarauta da masu fataucin abubuwa suka kawo su. Dabbobin da aka watsar ko sun gudu daga hannun masu su da sauri sun dace da yanayin rayuwa mai kyau, ba tare da haɗarin gaske ba. Abin lura ne cewa mafi girman kwanyar kwano da aka samo a Vietnam, tayi kusan shekaru dubu 5 da 5.5.
A lokacin da aka gano yankin na Ostiraliya, dingo ita ce mafi girman dabbobi masu shayarwa wacce ba ta cikin kundin girgizar kasa. Sauran mazaunan fauna na Australiya sun kasance masu yankan ƙasa, masu tsari da ci gaba kamar yadda aka keɓe su daga waje na duniya.
Yanayin rarraba ƙasa
Habitat Dingo:
- New Guinea
- Asiya ta kudu maso gabas
- Ostiraliya
Karnuka na kaunar yanayin zafin sama kuma suna samun mafaka a bayan gari, a cikin gandun daji har ma da hamada. Ba za a iya gano waɗannan karnukan a gefen iyakar ba. A kusancinsu, dabbobi ba kowa bane. Yawancinsu suna zaune ne a wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa ko wasu wuraren kariya.
Kiran dingo da ke cike da jama'a ba kowa bane. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yawan tsalle-tsalle iri iri tare da karnukan talakawa. Akwai wadatar halittu. Rabin-Rabin dabbobi suna da tsokanar zalunci idan aka kwatanta su da dabbobi tsarkakakken dabbobi kuma suna shayarwa sau da yawa a shekara.
Rayuwa da abinci
Dingoes sune galibi ba dabbobi ba. Babban wuraren zama a Ostiraliya sune ƙarshen gandun daji mai daɗin rai, busassun busassun bishiyar eucalyptus, busasshiyar ƙasa mai hamada. Sukan kafa gadaje a cikin kogo, ɓarin ɓaure, a cikin tushen itatuwa, yawanci ba a nesa da jikin ruwa. A Asiya, dingoes suna zama kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam kuma suna ciyar da sharar gida.
Aƙalla kusan kashi 60% na abincin dingoes na Australiya ya ƙunshi ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, musamman zomaye (Ryctolagus) Hakanan suna cin naman kangaroos da wallabies, a takaice dai suna ciyar da tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu rarrafe, kwari da safiyar dabbobi. Dingoes suna iya kama da kuma fitar da kifayen ruwa daga cikin ruwa, suna wuce su da girma. A farkon farawar kiwo, dingo ta fara kai masa hari, wanda ya kai ga lalata makiyayan daji ta hanyar manoma. Kamar yadda ya juya, a wasu yankuna, dabbobi suna yin kusan 4% na abincin dingo, amma waɗannan karnukan daji suma suna yanka tumaki ba tare da cin su. A cikin Asiya, dingoes suna ciyarwa, a matsayin mai mulkin, a kan sharar abinci: shinkafa, 'ya'yan itatuwa, da ƙananan kifayen, suma suna kama macizai, masu shayarwa, da beraye, suna aiwatar da cin naman mutane ko da lokacin da ake samun wadatar abinci, wanda shine ainihin keɓaɓɓe.
Dan wasan matasa a waje da lokutan kiwo suna rayuwa, a matsayin mai mulkin, kadai, duk da cewa zasu iya kafa ƙungiyoyi yayin farauta don babban wasa. Wani lokaci, daruruwan karnuka suna lura da gungu suna fadowa. Yankunan dangi mai ƙarfi a cikin dingos sun ƙunshi mutane 3-12, kamar yadda a cikin kyarkeci, ya kasance a kewayen babban rabo. A cikin kungiyoyin dangi, ana girmama madaidaicin matsayi. Kowane garken yana da nasa wurin farauta, wanda yake kiyayewa daga maƙwabta.
Kafin zuwan Turawa, dingoes sune manyan magabatan Australia. A cewar wata ka'ida, sau daya a kan kasa, a hankali suka cika makil da kashe yawancin magabata 'yan asalin, gami da karnukan wolf da kuma shedan marsupial. Koyaya, a halin yanzu, a matsayin mai mulkin, an yi imanin cewa babban dalilin ɓarkewar magabatan magabata shine tasirin anthropogenic, maimakon gasa. Dingoes suna da sauri kuma suna da hankali. Siffar halayyar su shine tsantsan taka tsantsan, wanda ke taimaka musu nasarar guje wa tarkuna da gubar da guba. An yi imani da cewa dingos tsarkakakken abubuwa ba sa kai wa mutane hari (duk da haka, akwai wasu keɓance ga wannan dokar - alal misali, mutuwar Azaria Chamberlain). Manyan masu fa'idar wasan dabbar sune bakin ruwa da karnuka da Turawa suka kawo. Cwukoki na iya cin tsofaffi, da kuma manyan tsuntsayen ganima, dabbobi da kuma sa ido a kan yara masu haɗari.
Daraja ga yanayin ƙasa
Dingoes sune manyan dabbobi masu cin naman dabbobi a Australia kuma suka mamaye wuri mai mahimmanci a cikin ilimin muhalli na nahiyar. Lokacin da aka mamaye su, watakila sun cika ɗimbin masu farautar gida (alal misali, ƙyamar maƙiyi), suna mamaye ɗakin nazarin halittar halittar da ke kayyade yawan ƙwayoyin cuta. Sun kuma hana halakar da wasu nau'ikan namun fauna na gari, suna lalata magabatansu - kuliyoyin fuka-fukai da dawakai, duk da cewa su da kansu ne suka haifar da ofabi'ar wasu nau'in marsupials. Dingoes kuma suna taimakawa wajen tsara lambobin zomaye na yau da kullun da aka kawo a Ostiraliya kuma an bred a nan cikin adadi mai yawa.
Daraja ga mutum
Da farko, halayyar mazaunin zuwa dingo ya kasance mai haƙuri, amma yanayin ya canza da sauri a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da kiwon tumaki ya zama yanki mai mahimmanci na tattalin arzikin Ostiraliya. Dingos farauta na tumaki ya kama su cikin tarko, harbe da guba. A karshen karni na 19, a New South Wales kadai, manoma kan kashe tanada yawa na strychnine a shekara a kan karnukan daji.
Lokacin da waɗannan matakan basu isa ba, a cikin 1880s. An fara babban shinge raga (shinge kare), yana rufe sassan garken tumaki a Kudancin Queensland don kare shanu daga dabbobin daji da wuraren kiwo daga zomaye. A cikin shekarun 1960 An ware sassan shinge tare don samar da shingen da ya katse kawai a cikin hanyoyin manyan hanyoyi.A halin yanzu, shinge ya wuce tsawon kilomita 5614 - daga garin Toowoomb a Queensland har zuwa Gabar Ostireliya, yana raba yankin arewa maso yamma na Australiya daga mafi karancin rai, shi ne tsari mafi dadewa da mutane suka gina. Kula da shinge lokacin da yakamata yakai jihohin Queensland, New South Wales da South Australia kusan dala miliyan 15 a Australia a shekara. 'Yan sintiri na musamman suna gudana a shingen, suna neman lahani a cikin raga da kwari karkashin kasa da zomo da mahaifa suka yi, da kuma lalata ababen hawa wadanda suka ratsa bayan shinge.
Akwai lokuta da yawa da ke faruwa a harin ta'addanci a kan mutane.
A wasu ƙasashe, an haramta cin abinci a matsayin abin hana dabbobi. A Asiya, mazauna yankin suna cin naman su kamar sauran karnuka.
Kiwon Kayan Dogo
Kamar karnukan kyarketai, karnukan da ba su da kyau suna zabar abokin rayuwa har tsawon rayuwarsu. Bayan 'yan watanni, an haifi jarirai 6-8. Su makafi ne, an rufe su da gashi kuma galibi basu da wutsiya. Ciyar da ilimi ana yinsu ne tare da uba da uwa.
'Yan kuyaya suna cin madarar uwa don watanni biyu kawai. Sannan mace ta jagorance su zuwa fakitin, inda duk wakilan suka fara ciyar da su. Bayan wata uku, karnuka matasa sun fara shiga cikin farauta ta hadin gwiwa. Tsawon rayuwar kare karen kare ya kai shekaru 10. Yanayin gida yana haɓaka lokacin zuwa 13-15.
Dingo ba ta da mahimmanci a cikin yanayin Kayan Ostiraliya - suna kulawa da yawan ganyayyaki, da zomaye waɗanda ke haifar da sauri. Suna rage adadin dawakai da kuliyoyi, fiye da goyan bayan wanzuwar wasu wakilan duniyar dabbobi a nahiyar Australiya.
Menene dink din yayi kama?
Dingo yayi kama da karen talakawa tare da ingantaccen jiki. Amma babban fadi, kafaffun kunnuwa, dogon wutsiya mai girman kai da manyan kyankyasai sun bambanta dabbar dabba daga kare na talakawa. A zahiri, wannan karen daji na Australiya yayi kama da hound, saboda haka dingo tayi wasa sosai.
Dingo tana kama da kare mai kauri na matsakaici. Tsawonsa a ƙ theƙasasshen dingo na Australiya ya bambanta tsakanin 50-70 cm, tare da nauyin 10 zuwa 25 kg. Tsawon jikin, la'akari da kai, ya kasance daga 90 zuwa 120 cm, kuma tsawon wutsiya shine cm 25-40. Mace sunkai ƙananan maza. Dingo na Ostireliya yayi kama da na Asiya.
Dingo yayi kyau sosai, saboda gajerun furcin sa mai kauri. Yawancin lokaci karen kare yana da launi mai launin ja ko mai launin shuɗi, amma wuyansa da ciki koyaushe suna da sauƙi.
Lokaci-lokaci, zaku iya samun kusan baƙi, farar fata, ko kayan dako. Kari akan haka, dabbar dabbar dabbar ta saba wucewa tare da karnukan gida, amma ana daukar irin wadannan mutanen a matsayin 'yan tsintsiya. Haka kuma, tsarkakakken mutane ba su san yadda za su yi kuka ba, amma suna iya yin ihu da hayaniya kamar kyarkeci.
Ina ne gidan kare?
Karen dingo yana zaune a Australia, yana tartsatsi a kusan duk nahiya. Yawancin waɗannan dabbobi suna faruwa ne a arewaci, yamma da tsakiyar Australiya. Hakanan a cikin adadi kaɗan, kare mai kare yana zaune a kudu maso gabashin Asiya (Thailand, Myanmar, Philippines, Laos, Borneo, Indonesia, kudu maso gabashin China, Malaysia da New Guinea).
Dingo dabba ce ta Australiya, wacce akasari ke jagorantar rayuwar rayuwa. A Ostiraliya, dingo na zaune ne musamman a cikin lamuran eucalyptus, hamadar jeji da gandun daji. Karen dingo yana zaune a cikin kogo, wanda yawanci yakan zauna a cikin kogo, Tushen bishiyoyi, ramuka fanko kuma galibi yana kusa da tafki. A cikin Asiya, dingo yana zaune kusa da ɗan adam, saboda yana cin abinci da sharar gida.
Menene abincin dingo kuma yaya kare kare yake zaune?
Dingo galibi suna ciyar da kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, hade da zomaye, amma kuma suna farauta kangaroos da wallabies. Kari akan haka, dingo tana ciyar da tsuntsayen, dabbobi masu rarrafe, kwari da kwari. Lokacin da garkunan shanu suka fara a yankin karkara, karen daji na Australia ya farauto shi.
Hare-hare na Dingo kan dabbobi ya sa manoma su lalata dingoes. A Asiya, dingo tana cin abinci da yawa. Hakanan, abincin Asianan Asiya yana cin abinci a kan macizai, masu shayarwa da beraye. Af a Asiya, mutane suna cin naman dong don abinci.
Karen dingo galibi yakan zauna shi kadai, ban da lokacin matse. Koyaya, dingoes na iya tattarawa cikin rukuni don farautar babban ganima. Yawanci, kayan wasan bingo suna ƙunshe da mutane 3-12 waɗanda a cikinsu manyan dokokin biyu suke. Dokokin fakitin fakitin daidai suke da na karnukan kyar - an lura da madaidaicin matsayi a cikin fakitin. Kowace garken tana da yankin farauta, wanda yake kiyayeta a hankali.
Dingo yana da kyakkyawan gani da ji, ƙari, dingo dabbar tana da wayo, mai wayo. Babban mahimmancin halayen dingo shine tsantsan taka tsantsan, wanda ke taimaka musu samun nasara lalacewar tarkuna da abubuwan da suka dace. Jaket ne kawai ke yin gasa da wannan karen a Ostiraliya. Abokan gaba ga donges na manya ne kamar kishiyoyi, ga 'yan samari su ne pythons, masu lura da masu maye da manyan tsuntsaye masu farauta.
Ingoan kwikwiyo na Dingo
A cikin garken da waina ke zaune, babban maza ne kawai zai iya haihuwar zuriya. Lokacin da wata mace ta fitar da kuyayen, babbar mace tana kashe su. Dukkan membobin fakitin suna kulawa da 'ya'yan babban mutanen. Wannan karen na Ostiraliya yana nuna kwikwiyo sau ɗaya a shekara. Dabbobin dabbobi suna auren mace ɗaya. A cikin abincin dansin na Australiya, lokacin mating yana farawa a cikin Maris-Afrilu, a cikin Dingos na Asiya ana faruwa a watan Agusta-Satumba.
Dabbobin dabbar suna iya haifan zuriya tun yana da shekaru 1-3. Shekarun lokacin haihuwa na wannan karen a Australia shine watanni 3. Yawancin lokaci karnukan cin dirin Ostiraliya suna ba da 'yan kwalliya na 6-8. Puan kuyayen da aka haife karen kare suna makanta da rufe gashi. Duk iyayen sun kula da yaran.
Lokacin da ya kai wata 1, 'yan kwikwiyon dingo sun riga sun bar kogon kuma ba da jimawa ba macen ta daina ciyar da madara. A lokacin da ya kai watanni 2, karen kawunin kare na kare ya bar kogon kuma ya zauna tare da manya. Har zuwa watanni 3, mahaifiyar da ragowar katun suna taimakawa ciyar da 'yan kwikwiyo tare da kawo musu kayan farauta. Zuwa wata hudu, dan wasan doli sun zama masu zaman kansu kuma suna farauta tare da manya. A cikin daji, kare mai kirin din yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10, a zaman fursuna har zuwa shekaru 13.
A cikin yanayin halitta, dingos dabba da karnukan gida sau da yawa suna haɗuwa, don haka ne aka samar da dangin zuriya a cikin daji. Iyakar abin da kawai aka banbanta su sune wadatar din din din da ke zaune a yankuna masu kariya a cikin wuraren shakatawa na kasar Australia. Abubuwan gado da aka kirkiro ta hanyar hada kannun Australiya da karnukan gida suna haifar da babbar barazana, saboda sun fi karfin fada. Kari akan haka, dingoes marasa tsabta basa haihuwa sau 2 a shekara, sabanin dingoes mai tsabta, wanda zuriya ke faruwa sau daya a shekara.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Dabbobin dabbobi daga tsari irin na magabatan suna cikin gidan canine, amma ga dabi'ar halittar karnukan karnuka ne, suna tsaye a wani yanki daban-daban. An gano tsohuwar nau'ikan irin waɗannan dabbobi a cikin Vietnam kuma har zuwa shekaru 4,000 BC, a Timor-Leste a tsibirin kudu maso gabashin Asiya - shekaru 3,000 BC. An samo ragowar Dingo a cikin Jikin Toress, suna shekaru dubu 2.1 BC. Lokaci ya yi kadan lokacin sabon Ginean na karnukan shekaru 2.5-2.3 shekaru dubu BC. kuma ba su ne magabatan Sabon Gini na rera karen ba.
Mafi tsohuwar kwarangwal kwarangwal na dingo:
- daga Dandalin Mandura na Ostiraliya a kudu maso yammacin Western Australia (shekaru dubu 3.4 kafin haihuwar),
- a mazaunin Wumba a cikin New South Wales (shekaru dubu 3.3 kafin haihuwar),
- a Mannum a bakin Kogin Murray a Kudancin Australia (shekaru dubu 3.1 kafin haihuwar),
- a kan Dutsen Burr a Kudancin Australia (shekaru dubu 8.5 kafin haihuwar).
Nazarin kwayar halittar jini ya nuna cewa dingo tana ɗayan rassa masu fita na wolf wolf, amma ba zuriyar wani nau'in halittar ba ne. Suna da magabata gama gari, amma magabatan dingo sun ƙare a ƙarshen marigayi Pleistocene. Dogs da dingoes mambobi ne na reshe ɗaya - taska. Sabbin karnukan kida na Guinean da na kudu maso gabashin Australiya suna da alaƙa da asali.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wadannan karnukan ba sa cikawa, amma suna iya yin kuka da hayaniya.
Bayan karnukan gida sun mamaye yankin Australia, suka sake zuwa daji. Baƙi na farko na Turai sun sadu da waɗannan dabbobin tuni sun kasance a cikin hanyar da ake samun waɗannan masu farauta har zuwa yau.
Bidiyo: Dingo
Almond-mai siffa idanu saita dan kadan izuwa, girman matsakaici, launi mai duhu. Kunnuwa suna da faɗi, suna tsaye a tsaye tare da ƙarshen zagaye, suna bayyanarwa kuma suna cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren kwanyar. Neckwararren ƙuƙwalwar ƙwayar tsoka yana da tsayin tsayi, an saita kai a kai. Koma bayan dabba tana madaidaiciya kuma mai ƙarfi, kirji yana da nauyi. Kari yana da fadi, anguma, daga hip zuwa hock, akwai isasshen tsayin da zai iya zama kamar maɓalli ne na tsalle-tsalle, a matsayin babban maɗaukaki na bunƙasa saurin gudu. A paws ne m, akwai ulu tsakanin palon.
Wutsiyar tana da kyau kuma yana gudana har zuwa tsakiyar tsawon, sannan kuma ya taɓa zuwa ƙarewa. Fur tare da gwanayen gashi da mara nauyi na kariya sun kasance a cikin mutane a cikin yankuna na arewacin na nahiyar, kuma a cikin karnuka daga yankuna na kudancin babu girgizar. Launi mai launin ja, cream tare da launin zinari, launin ruwan kasa, ana samun daidaikun mutane baƙi. A wulakancin ana iya samun abin rufe fuska mai launi mai laushi, haka ma inuwa mai haske tana nan akan makogwaro, ciki da ƙarƙashin wutsiya. Dingoes mai launin ruwan kasa da launin ruwan kasa na iya samun filayen haske a kafafu, kirji, cheeks, gira. Wannan dabba ce mai hankali, mai son sani amma mai hankali. Yana da Hardy, nan take amsawa ga mai sa haushi. Ta hanyar dabi'a, karnuka masu zaman kansu ne, amma suna iya nuna hali a cikin fakiti.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Sau biyu a shekara, dingoes suna tafiya zuwa gabar teku. Mutane daban-daban da ke zaune a New South Wales suma a shekara sau biyu, a watan Afrilu da Nuwamba sun hau kan dutse zuwa New Ingled da sauran layin Alps na Australiya.
Ina dingin din yake?
Hoto: Dingo a Ostiraliya
Ana iya samun wannan nau'in kare na daji a ko'ina cikin Australia. Mafi yawan yanki arewa. A tsakiyar wannan yanki, mazaunin ya gangara cikin babban harshe zuwa kudu a tsakiyar ɓangaren tsakiyar ƙasa, sannan kuma ya mamaye ɓangaren yamma a ƙarshen yanki. Anan ana iya samun dingo mafi yawan lokuta, kodayake a wasu yankuna wannan dabba ba ta saba ba. Kananan kungiyoyi suna zaune a New Guinea da wasu kasashe a kudu maso gabashin Asiya:
Don sake zama, karnuka sun fi son gandun daji na daji da jeji. A cikin wuraren dazuzzuka suna shirya masaukai da ɗakuna a ƙarƙashin tushen bishiyoyi, a ƙarƙashin itacen katako, a cikin maɓuɓɓugan ciyawa ko ciyawa, a cikin kabura da dutse. Har ila yau, karnuka sukan mamaye ramuka na dabbobi wadanda suka zama abincin dabbobi. Suna bada fifiko ga wuraren da suke kusa da koguna da sauran hanyoyin samun ruwa mai kyau. Dingoes sau da yawa suna zaune kusa da gidan mutum, inda zasu iya samun abinci cikin sauƙin rami ko kuma farautar dabbobi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ostiraliya tana da shinge mafi tsawo a duniya, wanda ake kira: "Dingo Fence". Ya raba kudu maso gabashin babban birni daga sauran kuma an tsara shi ne domin kare wuraren kiwo na gona daga mamayar karnuka. Tsawon shinge daga grid shine 1.8 m. A kowane ɓangaren, an bar yanki mai mita 5 daga ciyayi. Gumakan sune sandunan katako. A wasu wuraren akwai hasken wuta, wutar ta fito ne daga bangarorin hasken rana.
Da farko, an gina shinge a cikin 1880 don dakatar da yaduwar zomaye, amma wannan aiki mara amfani ne kuma a farkon karni na ashirin, ginin ya rushe a wurare da yawa. Amma daga baya a wasu jihohi an yanke shawarar mayar da shinge don hana harin karnukan daji a kan raguna. Don haka a cikin 1932, Gwamnatin Queensland ta sayi kimanin tan kilomita dubu 32 don gyara shingen. A shekaru arba'in, an hade sassan mutum cikin jerin sarkar, kuma tsawonsu ya kai kilomita dubu 8.6. Yanzu aikin gini ya wuce kilomita 5,6. Ana kashe kusan dala miliyan 10 akan aikinta.
Yanzu kun san inda ake zaune. Bari mu ga abin da kare ya ci.
Me cin abinci yake?
Hoto: Dingo na Australiya
Karen, sau ɗaya a Ostiraliya, bai sadu da sauran masu ƙaddara masu kisa ba, ban da karnukan ɓarke da shaidan Tasmaniyya, don haka a sauƙaƙe zazzage ko'ina cikin yankin da kuma farautar dabbobin da suka dace. Sun kore abokan hamayyarsu gaba daya daga nahiyar.
Kadan fiye da rabin abincin babban kare shine kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar bera, zomaye, mallakinsu da wallabies; ya fi girma akan kangaroos da mahaifar mama. Kimanin 40% na menu ɗin sun ƙunshi tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu rarrafe, amphibians, kifi, crustaceans, kaya, kwari.
Kangaroo yana da sauri da girma fiye da dingo, amma tarin karnuka na iya bin dabbobi masu shayarwa na tsawon awanni, suna maye junan su nesa da nesa. Kangaroo ya gaji da dogon tashin hankali bai tsaya dashi ba. Dingoes a cikin shirya kullun suna bi umarni yayin cin abinci. Membersungiyar mafi girma kuma mafi rinjaye suna samun mafi kyawun guda.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wani garken donges na mutane 12-14, wanda ke kai hari ga tumaki, na iya lalata kusan raga 20 a lokaci daya, ba tare da cin su ba. Kusan kashi huɗu cikin kashi an kasaftawa rabon dabbobi a cikin abincin, kuma babban sashi shine kaji: kaji, ducks, geese, turkeys.
Dingos kuma suna farautar ostriches, waɗanda lokuta da yawa sun fi su girma. Karen yayi kokarin kama wuyan tsuntsun yayin tsalle, kamar yadda yake kusa da kai kamar yadda zai yiwu. Emu, lura da hadarin, yana yin tsalle-tsalle kuma yayi ƙoƙari ya kori maharmar tare da ƙafarta. Ba koyaushe dingo akan hakora irin wannan ganima ce mai girman kai da yawa ba, amma saboda wannan tsuntsu karnukan ba ya jefa babban barazana. A cikin ƙasashen Indochina, menu na dingo ya ƙunshi ƙarin asarar abinci daga ayyukan ɗan adam: shinkafa, 'ya'yan itace, kifi, kaza. Wani lokaci sukan farautar berayen, beraye, macizai.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Dingo Dog
Matatar aiki a rayuwar dan dingin ta fadi a kan sa'o'i biyu na dare. Da rana, a lokacin zafi, waɗannan karnukan suna hutawa cikin saren ciyawa ko ciyawa. Da maraice, suna farauta, sukan riƙe a cikin fakiti. Animalsananan dabbobi sun zama ganima ga masu rance.
Dingo koyaushe ba cin nasara daya-daya tare da kangaroo. Musamman idan bai gudu ba, kuma ya hau kan matsayin kariya, yana ƙoƙari ya tsoratar da abokan gaba, don tseguntawa fuskokinsa gabansa da tafin hannu. Haka ne, kuma karnuka da kansu ba sa zuwa irin wannan yaƙi na kai-tsaye, suna kimanta ƙarfinsu. Garken suna farauta ta hanyar bi, suna kaiwa abokan gaba hari, wanda yafi girma fiye da karnuka, daga bangarori daban-daban.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Dabbobi da manyan dabbobi suna farauta daga kogon. Yankin da ke kusa da mazaunin ya kasance saurayi, amma bai ƙware ba.
A cikin tsananin farin ciki, karnuka na iya gudu har zuwa kilomita 20 a kowace rana, yayin da suke haɓaka saurin kilomita 55 a kowace awa. Dabbobi masu yawan tsufa ne, dabbobi masu sauyawa, suna da hankali da wayo. Abin da ya sa ke da wuya manoma su yi mu'amala da waɗannan mafarautan. Sun guji tarkuna, suna da matukar tsoron koran abubuwa iri daban-daban.
Tumaki a Ostiraliya, a matsayin mai mulki, makiyaya ba tare da sa hannun ɗan adam ba kuma makiyayi ne kawai ke kiyaye su. Karnukan gida, ko da sun fi girma iri iri, ba sa iya tsayayya da garken da za su iya rarrabe masu tsaron shaggy da kuma yankan raguna.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Dingo, wanda karnuka gida suka yanke daga dangin sa, yana iya gwagwarmaya sosai, duk da asarar da take da karfi, amma a lokaci guda galibi yana nuna yaudara. Kare mai daji yana iya yin kamar ya mutu kuma, ya ɗauki wannan lokacin, ya nisanta daga masu bin sa.
Kuna iya rarrabe tsakanin haɓakar dong daga ainihin, tsarkakakke, ta ikon haushi. Hakanan, komai tsananin magabatan karnukan gida, basa kaiwa mutane hari, wanda baza'a iya fada game da waɗancan dabbobi da aka ƙeta da wasu nau'in dabbobi ba.
Puan wasan kwalliya na Dong suna da sauƙin hora, amma tare da shekaru ana nuna halin su mai zaman kansa. Wannan ya bayyana a fili musamman a lokacin tarawar. A kowane hali, wannan karen ya san mai shi guda ɗaya, kuma idan ya rasa shi, ya mutu ko ya shiga cikin daji.
Saboda haɗarin da ke tattare da waɗannan karnukan tare da wasu nau'in gida da kuma bayyanar da tsokanar zalunci a cikin zuriya a cikin irin waɗannan magin ɗin da aka haɗe, an haramta fara wasan bingo a Ostiraliya. A wasu ƙasashe na Kudu maso Gabas Asiya, karnukan gida ba su da 'yanci, suna zaune kusa da mazaunin mutum kuma kusan ba sa farauta, suna cin abin da za su samu ko kuma abin da mai shi ya ba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Aborigine na Australiya sukan dauki ingoan wasan kwalliya na Dingo don horo. Sun sa su farauta da kuma neman asalin tushen abinci. Bayan mutuwar dabba, an binne shi tare da daraja.
A lokacin bazara, garken dingo sun watse. Hakanan, waɗannan dabbobin sun saba da fari, suna gamsuwa da ruwan da ke cikin abincin kawai. Ga 'yan kwikwiyo waɗanda ba sa shan madara, karnuka suna binne ruwa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Puan kwalliya na Dingo
Ana haɗa abubuwa biyu a cikin garken mutane 10-14. Tsarinsu da halayen mutane a cikin al'umma za a iya kwatanta su da fakitin kyarkeci, inda akwai tsakaitaccen matsayi, kuma an ba manyan maza da manyan mukaman jagora. Raguna yana da yankin da yake nema don farauta kuma zai iya kare iyakokinta, yana kamawa tare da wani rukunin yankuna. Yawancin lokaci matasa suna farauta su kadai, kodayake don manyan ganima suna iya tarawa a rukuni.
Wadannan dabbobin suna da auren mace daya. Propagate sau ɗaya a shekara. Dominan pairan ppan tsaran puppy kawai ne aka ɗaga a cikin fakitin, sauran ppan ppan doli suna lalata da mace daga manyan biyun. Sauran membobin gari suna taimakawa a cikin kulawa da tarbiyyar matasa. Manyan pairan wasan sune manyan dabbobi masu girma a farkon shekara ta uku. Lokacin canjin yanayi a Ostiraliya yana gudana a cikin Maris da Afrilu, kuma a cikin yankuna na Asiya a watan Agusta da Satumba.
An shirya shinge na ɓoye don ciyawar yara da ta reno a cikin kabura, kogo, rami da kuma ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi. Cutar ciki tana ɗaukar kwanaki 61-68. A matsakaita, an haifi 'yan kwikwiyo 5-6, amma akwai magudanan ruwa da kuma kusan mutum goma. An rufe su da ulu, amma ba a gani a farkon kwanakin rayuwarsu. Idan karar ta ji wani hatsari, to sai ta mika dabbar dajin zuwa wani kogon.
Makonni uku bayan haka, 'yan kawi suka fita daga kogon. A wata biyu suka daina shan madarar uwa. Ba wai kawai iyaye ne ke ciyar da zuriya ba, har ma da membobin garken suna da ƙarancin matsayi, suna da ƙanƙan da ya ci bayan farauta. Bayan makonni takwas, yaran sun shiga cikin kunshin, sun fara farauta ne daga shekara huɗu.
A cikin shekaru biyu na rayuwa, matasa karnuka suna kwana tare da mahaifiyarsu, suna samun kwarewar farauta da kuma kwarewar rayuwa. Balagagge yana faruwa a cikin kusan shekaru 2-3. Matsakaicin shekarun rayuwar dabbobin daji kusan shekaru goma ne.
Abokan Dingo na Zamani
A cikin dabbobin daji na Australiya, dingo ba su da abokan gaba, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa wannan nau'in kare mai saurin feɗe ya mamaye duk nahiyar baki ɗaya. Ba su yi karo da karnukan wolf da aljanu ba, waɗanda ke zama a Ostiraliya, sannan suka ci gaba a Tasmania kawai. Daga baya Turawa sun kawo jakuna da karnukan gida, waɗanda suke abokan cin dabbar. Kayan karnukan daji, waɗanda galibi suke jira ganima wurin wuraren shayarwa, suma suna iya zama haɗari a gare su.
Matasa masu karamin karfi na iya fadawa cikin tarin tsuntsayen ganima. Babban mai saurin lura shima yana kai hari a kan dingo, amma mafi ƙarancin magana da yawan zafin nama ba koyaushe yakan zama ganima bane. Ambush Pythons ganima a kan karnuka, musamman matasa ko raunana mutane. Magabatan dingo wakilan dabbobi ne da na saro.
Babban makiyin dingo shine mutum. Tun da wannan dabbar tana da ikon yankan raguna da yawa a lokaci guda, ko kuma hakan, wannan ya ci gaba har sai karnukan makiyaya ko mutanen da ke da bindigogi sun bayyana, babban maƙiyin makiyaya ne. Wannan reshen aikin gona ya zama mai mahimmanci a cikin karni na 19. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an fara harba dingoes, guba, tarko, wanda ya haifar da rage yawan dabbobi. Kimanin shekara ɗari da ashirin da suka wuce, an ba da kuɗi dala biyu ga kowane kare da ya lalace. A yau, irin waɗannan kuɗin sun kasance $ 100 idan an lalata kare a kusa da shinge.
Tare da shinge mai amfani na dingo, masu sintiri suna yin aiki koyaushe, waɗanda ke kula da amincin grid kuma idan sun sami dingos to sai ku lalata su. Aborigines na Ostiraliya a baya suna cinye waɗannan mafarautan kamar yadda suke yi a yanzu a cikin ƙasashen Asiya. A Tailandia, kusan dabbobi ɗari biyu suna shiga kasuwannin abinci a mako.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Dogon Dingo Dog
Ba a san girman yawan dingo ba, tunda akwai mutane da yawa da ba za su iya bambance su daga zuriya ba. A kudu maso gabashin Ostiraliya, dabbobi da yawa suna rayuwa, amma yawan karnukan da aka goge ya kasance yana raguwa koyaushe a cikin rabin karni da suka gabata: by 50% a cikin 60s, by 17% a cikin 80s. Zai yi wuya a yi magana game da dingoes mai tsabta a cikin waɗannan yankuna na Asiya. A arewaci, arewa maso yamma da yankuna na tsakiyar Ostiraliya, yawan karnuka, duka tsarkakakken su da haɓaka, basu wuce kilo 0.3 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. Ba a kara samun dabbobi a Papua New Guinea ba, sun yi karanci sosai a Philippines. Akwai a Vietnam, Cambodia, Burma, Laos, Malaysia, India da China, amma ba a iya tantance adadin ba.
Gidajen ya ƙunshi bangarorin wurare masu zafi kasance tare da nisan mil 3 - 3,8,8, gandun daji a kan tsaunuka a gabashin Australia, gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, hamada mai zafi da hamada. Yana da wuya a sami karnuka a cikin ciyawar makiyaya da wuraren kiwo saboda yawan ɗan adam. Dingo, wanda mutum ya gabatar, suna yanka raguna, kuma akwai lamuran kai harin na waɗannan dabbobin akan yara, wanda ke tabbatar da matakan da aka lalace a cikin lalata waɗannan rigunan.
Yin amfani da shinge na dingo yana haifar da haushi a tsakanin mazaunan yankin, tunda yana ɗaukar ƙoƙari da yawa don kiyaye shi, kuma har yanzu karnuka sun wuce shinge, wanda lalacewa ta hanyar dawakai, zomaye, mahaifa. Masu ba da shawara kan dabbobi ma suna hamayya da harbi da lalata dingoes. Masana ilimin kimiyya kuma sun bayyana shakku game da yuwuwar ragewa adadi mai yawa, tunda karnuka da yawa karnuka sun wanzu a cikin yanayin daji na Australia kuma sun mamaye yanayin rayuwarsu. Rage yawan dingoes na iya haifar da ƙirƙirar kangaroos, za su lalata garken tumaki, yayin da suke amfani da wuraren kiwo iri ɗaya.
Wannan dabba tana da matsayi mai wahala, yawan karnukan daji sunada yawa, amma tsarkakakken al'ummu suna raguwa saboda bayyanar halittar. Matsayi cin abinci a cikin yanayin kasa na Yankin Australiya yana da mahimmanci. Maƙaddara tana ƙididdige yawan adadin zomaye cikin sauri, waɗanda su ma annoba ce ga masu kiwon tumaki, suna cin ciyawa, suna lalata murfin ciyawa gaba ɗaya. Dingoes kuma suna yin ganima a kan kuliyoyi da dawakai waɗanda ke haifar da barazana ga nau'ikan dabbobi da tsuntsayen Australia. Kodayake dingoes din kansu ma sun ba da gudummawa ga ragewa da kuma ƙonewa daga ɗimbin wasu wakilan duniyar dabbobi na wannan nahiya ta kudanci.