Daidaitaccen tsayin jiki na manya ya bambanta daga centan santimita zuwa couplean mitsi, kuma matsakaicin nauyi shine 68-70 kg. Tsarin jikin wakilai na umarnin Salmonidae yayi kama da bayyanar kifin mallakar babban tsari Seldeobraznye. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, har kwanan nan, an nuna dangin Salmon a matsayin herring-like, amma sai ga shi an ba da shi ga cikakken tsari mai zaman kansa - irin na Salmon.
Jikin kifin yana da tsawo, tare da m damfara daga bangarorin, an rufe shi da cycloid da zagaye ko tare da murkushe sashin sikeli, wanda a sauƙaƙe zai faɗi. Insarancin ventral nau'in nau'in ninka ne wanda ke tsakiyar sashin ciki, ƙananan kuma kifayen ƙananan kifaye suna da nau'in ƙarami, ba tare da haskoki ba. Abun ƙusoshin daga cikin kifin yana wakiltar yanzu da ƙashin kansa ya zana shi. Kasancewar ƙaramin ƙarafa fin alama ce ta halayyar mutum kuma ɗayan abubuwan rarrabewa ne ga wakilan umarnin Salmonidae.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Wani fasali mai kyau game da darajar salmon, shine kasancewar haskoki goma zuwa goma sha shida, yayin da wakilan launin toka ke da haska 17-24.
Bakin ciki na kifi, a matsayinka na mai mulki, an haɗa shi da esophagus ta hanyar canal na musamman, kuma bakin kifin yana da iyaka da babba tare da kasusuwa huɗu - premaxillary biyu da biyu na maxillary. Mace sun banbanta ta yanayin halittar tayi ko kuma basu da su kwata-kwata, saboda haka dukkan qwaiyen dake fitowa daga cikin gidan kwai zasu iya fadawa cikin jikin mutum. Kwayar kifin ana saninsa ta kasancewar abubuwan ɗimbin ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa. Wani muhimmin sashi na nau'in yana da kwayar idanu ta gaskiya. Yawancin nau'ikan kifi irin na salmon basu da cikakken sashi daga sashin kashin, kuma wani sashi na cranium yana wakilta ta guringuntsi da hanyoyin gefen da basu haɗe da vertebrae.
Tsabtacewa, Kalaman Salmon
Gidan Salmon yana wakiltar ƙananan wurare uku:
- uku na Sub na Sigova,
- guda bakwai na abubuwan da suke dacewa da abubuwan salmonids,
- daya halittar subfamily Greyling.
Dukkan wakilai na Salmonidae subfamily masu matsakaici ne ko babba, suna da ƙananan sikeli, har ma da babban baki mai hakora masu ƙarfi da hakora. Nau'in abinci mai gina jiki na wannan subfamily yana hade ko ƙaddara.
Babban nau'ikan kifin salmon:
- Amurka da Arctic char, kunja,
- Kyakyen salmon,
- Ishkhan
- Chum
- Kokaran salmon
- Kiristan Amurkawa na Arewa,
- Kayan ruwan kasa
- Lenok
- Karfe Salmon, Clark,
- Salmon ja,
- Salmon ko Noble Salmon,
- Sima ko Mazu,
- Danube, Sakhalin Taimen.
Babban bambanci tsakanin Sigi subfamily da salmonids kanta ana wakilta ta dalla-dalla a cikin tsarin kwanyar, wata karamar bakin da babban sikeli. Kamarusov subfamily yana da alaƙa da kasancewar fin dorsal mai tsayi da babba, wanda zai iya samun bayyanar jirgin da launuka masu haske. Duk launin toka ana rarrabe shi azaman ruwan kifi mai tsabta.
Halayya da salon rayuwa
Salmon kifi ne mai ƙaura na yau da kullun, yana rayuwa koyaushe a cikin ruwa ko kuma tafkin ruwa, yana tashi zuwa koguna kawai don dalilin haihuwa. Mahimmin aiki na nau'ikan daban-daban suna kama, amma yana da takamaiman fasalin halaye. A matsayinka na mai mulki, lokacin da ya kai shekara biyar, kifin ya shiga cikin saurin rafids da ƙananan koguna, wani lokacin ma yakan hau zuwa tsawan kilomita da dama. Bayanai na yau da kullun game da shigar kifin salmon a cikin kogin ba su daidaita ba kuma yana iya bambanta sosai.
Don kasancewa a cikin ruwan kogin a cikin lokacin pre-spawning, kifin salmon yawanci zaɓi ba ma zurfi kuma ba wurare masu sauri, halin kasancewar yashi-ƙanƙara ko ƙasa m. Mafi sau da yawa, irin waɗannan wuraren suna kusa da filayen ɓarna, amma sama da tsafe ko rapids.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! A cikin ruwan teku, kifin salmon yana da damar haɓaka madaidaiciya mai sauri yayin motsawa - har zuwa kilomita ɗari a cikin kwana ɗaya, amma a cikin kogin ana ganin saurin motsin irin wannan kifin yana raguwa sosai.
A kan aiwatar da zama a irin wadannan yankuna, kifin masarakin '' yanka '', don haka launinsu ya yi duhu sosai kuma ƙugiya takan sa a muƙamuƙi, wanda aka ambata musamman a cikin maza na wannan dangin. Launin naman kifi a wannan lokacin ya zama na paler, kuma an rage adadin mai mai halayya, saboda rashin wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki.
Tsawon rayuwa
Jimlar rayuwar salmon ba ta wuce shekara goma ba, amma wasu nau'ikan suna da ikon rayuwa kusan ƙarni ɗaya na kwata. Masu riƙe rikodin na yanzu don girman jiki da matsakaicin rayuwa a halin yanzu sun haɗa da planten. Zuwa yau, wani mutum bisa hukuma ya yi rijista da wannan nau'in, wanda nauyinsa ya kasance rikodin kilogiram 105 tare da tsawon jikinsa na 2.5 m.
Asali
Kifi mai kama da kifi (Salmon-like) an san shi daga lokacin Cretaceous (shekaru miliyan 140-65 da suka gabata) na zamanin Mesozoic, kuma suna ɗaya daga cikin magabatan farko na kamun kifi na zamani. Siffofin kifi-kama da kifi har yanzu suna kusa da herring-kamar kifi har zuwa lokacin da a wasu rarrabuwa ake haɗasu cikin raka'a ɗaya. Haka kuma, sun sha bambam daga herring a lokacin samuwar halitta.
Ringan fari na farkon, wanda, kai tsaye ko a kaikaice, yana aiki a matsayin rukuni na farko na duk nau'in kifin bony, wanda ya bayyana shekaru miliyan 137 da suka gabata a cikin Babban Cretaceous. A zamanin Cretaceous, juyin halitta da rarrabuwa na kifi mai karaya ya shiga nau'ikan daban-daban. Yawancin nau'in kifin da muka saba da su sun ci gaba a Paleogene (shekaru miliyan 67-25 da suka gabata).
Habitat, mazauni
Salmon yana da kusan dukkanin yankin arewacin duniya, wanda ke haifar da sha'awar kasuwanci a irin wannan kifin.
Kifi mai kyan gani mai suna Ishkhan yana zaune a cikin ruwayen Lake Sevan. Mashin kifin ɗan sarki mai zurfin wurare na Pacific - ana amfani da kifin kifi ba kawai a cikin ƙasarmu ba, har ma a Amurka.
Babban wuraren zama a cikin kifayen sun hada da kogunan Turai da yawa, da kuma ruwan White, Baltic, Black and Aral Sea. Mazu ko Sima mazaunin yankin Asiya ne na tekun Pacific, kuma babban kifin Taimen yana zaune a cikin koguna a Siberiya.
Abincin salmon
Abincin da aka saba don Salmonids ya bambanta sosai. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana samun kifin pelagic na masu girma dabam da ƙananan yara, kazalika da crustaceans daban-daban, kifayen ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kifayen 'yan kwaya, tsuliyar squid da tsutsotsi ana samun su a ciki na manya. Da ɗan lokaci kaɗan, ƙananan kifin ƙanƙara da jellyfish suna faɗa cikin abincin kifi na manya.
Misali, babban abincin kifi na gargajiya shine mafi yawanci ana wakilta shi daga larvae na kwari iri-iri na ruwa. Koyaya, motley yana da wadatar ciyarwa tare da sauran kifayen da suka kama, char, sculpin, da kuma wasu nau'in kananan kifaye. Abincin salmon yana iya bambanta sosai dangane da lokacin shekara da kuma halayen mazaunin.
Kiwo da zuriya
A cikin ruwan kogin arewa, lokacin tsallakewar ya faru a rabin rabin Satumba ko Oktoba, tare da matsakaicin yanayin ruwa wanda ya tashi daga 0-8 ° C. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, Salmon ya tashi daga Oktoba zuwa Janairu, tare da yawan zafin jiki na 3-13 ° C. An saka Caviar a cikin recesses da aka haƙa a cikin ƙasa, bayan haka ba a yayyafa shi tare da cakuda pebbles da yashi.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Halin salmonids lokacin ƙaura da yanayin canje-canje, sabili da haka, a matakan haɓaka, kifin yana aiki sosai, yana wasa sosai kuma yana iya tsalle tsallake daga ruwa, amma kusanci da yanayin tsintar kansa, irin waɗannan tsalle-tsalle na zama da wuya.
Bayan ya tsallake, kifin ya yi fari kuma ya raunana da sauri, sakamakon abin da wani sashi mai yawa ya mutu, kuma dukkan mutanen da suka tsira suna shiga cikin ruwa ko kuma tafkin, amma suna iya kasancewa a cikin koguna har zuwa lokacin bazara.
A cikin koguna, wakilan kifin salmon ba su da nisa daga wurin shakatawa, amma sun sami damar matsawa zuwa wurare masu zurfi da natsuwa. A cikin bazara, matasa suka fara fitowa daga qwai, wanda ya yi kama da fitowar fata. A cikin ruwan kogi, ƙananan yara suna cin abinci daga shekara guda zuwa shekara biyar.
A cikin irin wannan lokacin, kowane mutum zai iya girma zuwa 15-18 cm a tsayi. Kafin suyi birgima a cikin ruwa ko kuma ruwan tafkin, yara kanana sun rasa sifofin halayyar da aka suturta su da sikeli mai launi. A cikin tekuna da tabkuna ne salmon ya fara cin abinci da sauri kuma yana da nauyi sosai.
Abokan halitta
Qwai da aka horar da su kuma yara kan zama mai sauƙin ɗanɗano ga masu launin toka, kogin kifi, pike da burbot. Da yawa daga ƙaura daga ƙauyuka suna cinye sosai ta hanyar gulls ko sauran tsuntsayen da ke cin kifi. A cikin ruwa, maƙiyin kifin salmon sun hada da ɗumbin kwaɗi, salmon sockeye da berayen teku, da kuma wasu masu farauta.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
A halin yanzu akwai mahimman abubuwa masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke mummunar tasiri ga yawan jama'a da matsayin nau'in halitta. Sakamakon kamun kifi a cikin filaye shine rashin nasarar spaining, da kuma lalata duk al'umma. An lura cewa bautar ba kawai yana lalata tsarin halittar gado da haifuwar kifin salmon ba, har ma yana iya hana manyan koguna na yawan wannan kifin na shekaru da yawa.
Halin mawuyacin hali ya haɗa da rafin teku da igiyoyin ruwa, ƙarancin abinci, shayarwa da gurbata bakin kogin. Yara kannun salmon sau da yawa ana lalata su ta hanyar noma, birane, da gurɓataccen masana'antu. A halin yanzu, Sakhalin da Ordinary planten, Lake Salmon, Mikizha da Malorotaya Paliya, Eisenam Trout da Kumzha, haka kuma Svetovidov da Davechcan da aka yi garkuwa da su sun bayyana a cikin littafin.
Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa (ci gaba)
A cikin koguna na Turai da Asiya ta Tsakiya, akwai wani rudani .. Sakhalin rudd-ogai, ko ézo-kai (lat. Tribolodon ezoe) nau'in kifi ne na anadromous daga dangin cyprinidae. Suna ciyar da ruwa a yankunan gabar ruwa tare da ruwan teku na kayan abinci daban-daban, har zuwa teku. Suna zuwa spawn zuwa koguna. Suna iya samar da fom na zama a cikin tabkuna. A cikin koguna da tabkuna na kasar Japan ana wakilta galibi ta hanyar tsarin ruwa.
Bayanin
Suna da fasalulluka waɗanda suka zama ruwan dare gama dangin salmon. Sun banbanta da launin toka tare da gajerun gajarta da ta ƙarancin fila, wanda ya ƙunshi daga 10 zuwa 16 haskoki. Suna da launi mai haske fiye da kifin kifi.
Abubuwan da aka saba amfani dasu a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun suna "kifi" da "kifin", akasin saiti, ba su dace da kowane nau'in kifin ba. Waɗannan sunayen gama gari ne na duka iyalin ko kuma maɓallan sharar gida (misali ga sunan "kifin"), ko kuma babban rukuni na jinsin da dukiyoyi guda ɗaya suka haɗu.
Ana ɗauki salmon da kanta a matsayin kifin salmon a gaba ɗaya, ko kuma kifin lokacin shakatawa. A gefe guda, kalmar nan "kifin kifi" tana cikin sunan wasu nau'ikan kifaye masu dozin da yawa daban daban daga ƙarƙashin ƙasa daban daban, kuma da sunan janareto guda biyu - Noble salmon da kifin kifin Kifi.
An lura da irin wannan yanayin tare da sunayen Latin - salmo (kifin) da kuma trutta (trout).
Lissafin kimiyya ma yana da wahala. Sakamakon bambanci da rarrabuwa iri daban daban na dangin salmon, tsakanin masana kimiyya sun kirkiro duka nau'o'i daban-daban (duba Kalmomin Salmon) da sunaye daban-daban (ban da na kasa, gami da asalin kalmar kimiyya ta Latin) don nau'in wannan dangin. Haka kuma, sunan Latin guda (na kimiyya) a cikin tsabtatawa daban-daban na iya dacewa da nau'ikan daban-daban.
Rarraba da wuraren zama
Ana samun kifin salmon a cikin saman sararin teku. Anan kifin ya bayyana a lokacin ƙaura. Sun zo nan ko dai daga zurfafan teku ko daga zurfin teku. Anan salmon ya zo don motsa jiki. Bayan haka kuma ya sake komawa kogin zuwa kogin, ko zuwa kogunan ruwa ko na tafkuna inda aka haife shi.
Girman kifin na Pacific yana zaune a cikin fakitoci, yana samar da manyan halittun halittu, wani lokacin ma har sun wuce adadin dindindin mazaunan teku. Manyan wakilan salmon na Pacific sun hada da chum, ruwan kifi mai ruwan hoda, coho salmon, kifin Chinook da sim. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan kifin yana zuwa arewacin ɓangaren tekun Bahar Rum, inda yakan tara dumbin garkuna kuma ya ci abinci sosai. Tsarin kifin na Pacific a cikin kogunan Yankin Gabashin Rasha, haka kuma gawarwakin ruwa a Koriya, Japan, Arewacin Amurka, har ma da Taiwan. A lokuta daban-daban na shekara, kifin salmon yana zaune a wurare daban-daban, duk da haka, har ma da fara lokacin sanyi, bazai wuce ruwa ba.
Galin masara ta Atlantika, tare da sauran nau'in wannan kifin, mazauna ne da ƙaura. Yawanci wuce kifin salmon ana samunsa ne a arewacin tekun Atlantika. Daga nan suke zuwa spain a cikin koguna da yawa, daga Spain har zuwa Barents Sea. Irin salmon da ake zaune dashi yana da wadatattun tafkuna na Norway, Sweden, Finland da Rasha.
Salmon kifi ne na kasuwanci mai mahimmanci. Saboda haka, an ragargaza shi sosai a gonakin kifi. Wasu gonaki suna yin shi tare da manufar shirya kamun kifi, yayin da wasu saboda dandano. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda naman wannan kifin yana da daɗin daɗi da taushi, ana ɗaukar shi mai daɗin ci ne. Wannan kifin yana da kyau don yawancin nau'ikan jita-jita.
Shekaru da girma
Matsakaicin nauyin 7-8 kg, wani lokacin ya kai nauyin kilo 30. Ya tashi ne a cikin Neva, Kola, Dvina ta Arewa, Pechora, da sauransu Wasu nau'i na musamman na kifin, suna kusa da kifin teku, suna zaune a cikin Bahar Maliya. Wannan kifin ya tashi a cikin koguna Bzyb, Kodori, Rioni. Matsakaicin nauyinta shine 6-7 kg; lokaci-lokaci yakan kai kilogiram 24.
Ana amfani da kifin masara na Caspian a yammacin kogin da ke kudu da Tekun Caspian. Matsakaicin nauyin 12-13 kg. Caviar spawns a cikin koguna Kura, Terek, Samur.
A cikin manyan tafkuna - Onega da Ladoga - akwai tafkin kifi. Matsakaicin matsakaici shine kilogiram 3-4, matsakaicin shine 10-12 kg. Spawns a cikin koguna Shuya, Vodla, Vuoksa, Svir.
Rayuwa
Yawancin lokaci, lokacin da ya kai shekaru 4-6, salmon yana shiga cikin rapids mai sauri da ƙananan koguna, wani lokacin yakan hau zuwa daruruwan kilomita. Lokacin shigo da kifin salmon a cikin koguna ba iri ɗaya bane: kifin nau'in "bazara" ya tashi a lokacin bazara da farkon kaka nan da nan kafin ya fashe. Kalmomin masara na “hunturu” sun shiga koguna a cikin ƙarshen kaka ko farkon lokacin bazara kuma ku yi kusan shekara guda a cikinsu kafin ya bushe.
Don tsayawa a cikin kogin yayin lokacin pre-spawning, kifin salmon zabi mafi yawa m sauri tare da yashi-pebble ko m ƙasa. Mafi sau da yawa waɗannan yankuna suna kusa da filayen shakatawa, sama da rapids da rifts.
Yayin tsayawa a cikin kogin, kifin salmon “ya sami damuna”: launinta ya yi duhu, kuma ƙugiya ya bayyana a kan muƙamuƙin, wanda aka ambata musamman a cikin namiji. Launin nama ya zama paler, kuma yawan kitse ya ragu.
Ciyarwa a cikin koguna na arewacin yana farawa a cikin rabin na biyu na Satumba ko Oktoba a yanayin zafin jiki na 0 zuwa 8 °. A kudu, kifin salmon ya tashi a watan Oktoba - Janairu a zazzabi na ruwa na 3 zuwa 13 °. Caviar ya makale a cikin wani rami da aka haƙa a cikin ƙasa kuma, bayan ƙarshen ɓarna, tsibi tare da yashi da ƙwaƙwalwa.
Bayan tsallakewa, kifin salmon yayi girma har ƙasa da rauni, kuma wani sashin garken kifin salmon ya mutu. Yawan mutuwar kifaye ba iri ɗaya ba ne a ko'ina. Yawancin lokaci ana ƙaddara shi da yawan juyawa don juyayi, wanda ya tashi daga kashi 9 zuwa 28 ga waɗansu koguna. Tsananta wasu mutanen sun shiga cikin ruwa ko kuma tafkin, kuma a wani bangare suna cikin rafi har zuwa lokacin bazara. A cikin kogi, salmon mai tsalle-tsalle ba ya da nisa da wurare masu zafi, amma yana motsawa zuwa wurare masu zurfi da natsuwa.
A cikin bazara, matasa kifi kifi kyankyashe daga share qwai a cikin bayyanar kama mai kama da dutsen kifi. A cikin kogi, kifi na kifi yana ciyarwa daga shekara 1 zuwa shekaru 5 (yawanci shekaru 2-3), yana girma a wannan lokacin zuwa 15-18 cm.Suna ajiye wurare da sauri kuma suna ciyar da ƙananan crustaceans, larvae da kwari kansu. Salmonids wani lokacin ansu rubuce-rubucen ƙasa. Don haka, masanin da ke kama kifi a kogunan “kifin”, lallai zai iya bambance samarin kifin, idan kuma aka kama shi, nan da nan ya sake shi zuwa kogin. Kafin mirgine a cikin teku ko tafkin, kifin salmon yana rasa kwarkwatansu kuma ya sami launi mai launi. Bayan yayi birgima a cikin teku ko tafkin, kifin salmon ya fara ciyar da abinci da sauri kuma yana ƙaruwa cikin sauri, yana ɗaukar nauyin kilo da yawa a cikin shekara ɗaya ko biyu. Babban abincin salmon a cikin teku da lake shine crustaceans da kifi mai sikelin.
Halin salmon a lokacin ƙaura da canje-canje: a farkon hawan, yana taka rawa sosai, yana tsalle daga saman ruwa, yayin da tsalle-tsalle yake fuskanta, tsalle kan ruwa ya zama ƙasa da ƙasa. Kifayen da tsallewar kifin salmon kusan baya tsallake daga ruwa kwata-kwata, amma kawai “narke”, wato, yana nuna ƙarar ƙyallen ko ƙarshen wutsiya a saman ruwa. Wasan kifin salmon yana da matuƙar zafi a yanayin sanyi, kuma a farkon kaka da kuma bazara wasan ya fi ƙarfin wayewar gari, kuma a ƙarshen kaka - a tsakiyar rana.
Kifi Salmon
Kama kifin salmon ba abu bane mai sauki. Da fari dai, salmon ba koyaushe bane kuma ba koyaushe ake samun su ba, wasu lokuta basa cikin wuraren da suke da kyan gani. A kowace kogi akwai wuraren da tsararrakin tsararraki ke farawa, yawanci kafin irin wannan tsaunin akwai kyakkyawan shimfiɗa. A cikin wadannan shimfidar lokutan, kifin salmon kusan yana hutawa koyaushe kafin amafani.
Salmon ya tashi da daddare ko a ƙarƙashin murfin laka. A kan rafids masu ƙarfi, zaku iya tsalle tsalle-tsalle mai tsalle tare da babban ƙarfi da sauri a kan tsawar. A tsakanin mazauna yankin Sochi, mutane da yawa suna kamun kifi don kifin kifayen kifi, kwanan nan wannan hanyar kamun kifi a kudu ta yadu sosai. Kama salmon mai nauyin kilogram 8 ba a dauke shi a matsayin wani lamari na musamman a nan ba, kodayake angiya tana cire kifayen ruwa da ƙari. Sau da yawa a lokaci guda akwai cliffs of gear.
Grips yakan faru ko dai a daidai lokacin da matsala ta faɗi, ko kuma lokacin da ake ɗaukar abubuwan baits tare da baka kuma jefa kusan ƙasa. A wannan lokacin, ya zama dole, ƙoƙarin hana maginin ya isa saman, don rage saurin juyawa.
Idan bayan dozin sau biyu babu cizo, to kuna buƙatar matsawa zuwa rami na gaba. Dole ne a ɗauka a zuciya cewa ana iya ɗaukar kifin salmon sau da yawa, saboda haka ya kamata a ɓoye nauyin ko a kama shi a kan ɗakunan da ake ɗauka (“Devons”, “Maciji”, “Salmon”, da sauransu), kuma a sauƙaƙe nauyin tare da rigar.
Lokacin da za a yi nazarin abubuwan da wannan kogin da hanyoyin tuki da kera mai ƙarfi a halin yanzu, zai fi kyau a ci gaba da ɗaukar manyan duwatsun da saɓo. Kodayake irin wannan kamun kifi yana tare da haɗarin dasa shuki, amma ya cancanci ɗaukar wannan haɗarin. Kari akan haka, kuna buƙatar jagoranci da fasaha sosai don kama kifin da aka kama don hana shi yin tarko.
Halin salmon yana da ƙarfi musamman. Lokaci guda tare da busawa, yana sauri yayi sauri sama da ƙasa rafin tare da cokalin bakinsa a bakinsa, amma da wuya ya bar ramin. Ba shi yiwuwa a hana wannan takaddama a kan sanda, komai ƙarfin ta. Maimakon haka, sanya reel a cikin birki kuma ɗaga ƙarshen sanda sama. Koyaya, mutum ba zai iya iyakance kansa ba da zafin, kuma dole ne ya yi birgima da yatsun hannun hagu. Wani lokaci dole ne ka sassauta bobbin cikin girth tare da hannun damanka, kuma ka riƙe sanda kawai da hannun hagu.
Bayan sun gudu zuwa wani wuri mai rauni, kifin salmon ya juyo da sauri zuwa kan kogin daidai da gudu. Yanzu ya fi sauƙi a jinkirta shi, amma bai kamata ku aikata shi ba, saboda a wannan hanyar yana gajiya da sauri. Bayan ya isa wani rami ko babban dutse, kifin salmon ya tsaya, kuma masuniyar tana da ra'ayin cewa kifin ya ta'allaka ne a cikin wani rami. Yana da matukar wahala a sami kifin salmon daga rami.
Bayan irin wannan gwagwarmayar, masanin, bayan ya huta, dole ne yayi nazarin takaddamarsa kuma ya bincika ƙarfin carbines, ƙyallen, daskararru da kuma ƙarfin ƙarfin sifar kusa da leash ɗin.
Mafi kyawun lokacin don kama salmon shine sanyin safiya. Wannan kifin yana ɗaukar kusan tsakar rana, sannan na tsawon awanni, har zuwa maraice, kama hannun ne kawai banda, kuma da yamma, kifin salmon ya sake farawa da kyau.
Mafi kyawun yanayi don kamun kifi shine kafin tsawa ko ruwan sama mai nauyi.
A cikin yanayi mai kyau, masunta na gida suna ba da shawarar kamun kifi don magance shi, suna da tabbacin cewa an fi samun kifin masara don kifayen da suka mutu, amma dole ne mutum ya yi shakkar hakan, saboda galibi ana kama salmon da kyau a kan masu sikari fiye da yadda ake magance kifayen da suka mutu.
Dankalin salmon
Ana ɗauki salmon ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano tare da dandano mai daɗi da ƙanshi mai daɗi. Akwai nau'ikan dafa abinci iri-iri. Salmon yana da kyau a cikin nau'ikan abun ciye-ciye (ceviche, carpaccio, goge kifi), kuma a cikin manyan jita-jita.
Salmon yana da kyawawan miya, mousses, soufflés, pastes, cutlet, ana amfani dashi azaman cikawa don dafaffun wake da casseroles, an ƙara shi da salads ... Kuma soyayyen kifin masara da kebabs daga wannan kifin sun daɗe suna zama sanannen abinci. Kifin kifi na Salmon shine cikakken abin da aka fi so a cikin abincin Jafananci, tunda shi kifi ne wanda yake ɗayan shahararrun sushi, sashimi da kuma Rolls.
Darajar abinci mai gina jiki
100 g na kifi ya ƙunshi 68.5 g na ruwa, 19.84 g na furotin, 6.34 g na mai kuma babu carbohydrates kwata-kwata. Abubuwan da ke cikin kalori shine 142 kcal ga 100 g na nauyi. Ba za a iya amfanuwa da wannan kifin ba. Ya ƙunshi selenium, bitamin B, bitamin A, E, D, biotin, folic acid. Har ila yau salmon yana da wadataccen abubuwa masu gano abubuwa da abubuwa masu amfani kamar aidin, phosphorus (200 mg), potassium (490 mg), jan ƙarfe (250 μg), soda (44 mg), magnesium (29 mg), alli (12 mg), Tana dauke da baƙin ƙarfe, manganese da zinc.
Babban salmon ya ƙunshi mayukan omega-3 mai cike da ƙiba, waɗanda ke da hannu cikin tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, hawan jini, da rage alamun asma, rheumatoid arthritis, da ɓacin rai.
Salmon a magani da kwaskwarima
Wani lokaci ana kiran Salmon "kifi don tunani." Omega-3 mai kitse wanda yake a cikin naman salmon, ban da rage cholesterol, rage hadarin cututtukan zuciya, shima yana kara yawan IQ (IQ).
Yin amfani da kifin salmon yana rage haɗarin cutar neoplasms, bugun jini, amosanin gabbai, ciwon sukari da cutar Alzheimer, yana daidaita ayyukan kwakwalwa, zuciya da kodan, kuma yana hana ƙirƙirar filayen atherosclerotic a cikin tasoshin. Potassium da alli dake cikin salmon suna taimakawa karfafa tsarin musculoskeletal.
Ana amfani da salmon caviar da man salmon (man kifi) a cikin masana'antar kayan kwalliya don samar da tsufa da abinci mai kyau, gashi da kayan kulawa na jiki.
Contraindications
Duk da duk fa'idojinta masu amfani, ba a bada shawarar salmon ga mata masu juna biyu da uwayen masu shayarwa ba. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa naman wasu nau'in kifaye na wannan dangin na iya ƙunsar Mercury. A jikin tsoho, ƙarancin sa ba shi da mummunar tasiri, amma yana iya cutar da jarirai da tayi.
Saboda gaskiyar cewa ana daukar salmon kifi mai mai, wannan samfurin bai kamata ya cutar da mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na ciki, hanta ko hanji ba, har ma da kiba.
Tsarin rayuwa da rayuwa
Duk salmon tayi tsalle a cikin ruwa mai gudu - cikin koguna da koguna. Wannan abu ne na dabi'a, tunda magabatan salmonids ruwa ne mai kyau kuma kawai wasu nau'ikan da suka samo asali sun kama kifin ƙaura - ainihin kifin: kifin salmon (Atlanta) Haɗuwa da nau'ikan kifin salmon suna rayuwa mafi yawan rayuwarsu a cikin ruwayen teku, suna ciyar da nauyi, kuma idan lokacin ya zo (yawanci bayan shekaru 2-5), suna komawa don juyawa zuwa koguna, zuwa wuraren da aka haife su.
Kusan duk salmon mai wuce gona da iri ya barke sau ɗaya a rayuwa kuma ya mutu bayan ya bar su. Gaskiya ne gaskiya ga kifin tsibirin Pacific (chum, kifin ruwan hoda, kifi, da dai sauransu). Ya bambanta da su, ba kowane ɗayan mutane ne ke mutuwa tsakanin salmon na sallan Atlantik (salmon) ba, wasu sun shayar da su har sau 4 (kawai rikodin shine sau 5), kodayake wannan ya fi ban da dokar.
Kafin yaduwa, sashin ƙwayar salmon mai wuce gona da iri yana ɗaukar mahimman metamorphoses - bayyanar yana canzawa ta hanyar asali, canje-canje na ciki yana faruwa - jiki yana rasa launi na azurfa, yana samun launuka masu haske, launin ja da baƙar fata yana bayyana, ya zama mafi girma, hump sau da yawa yana bayyana a cikin maza (saboda haka sunan ɗayan nau'in - salmon mai ruwan hoda). Jaasusuyen kifin salmon suna kama da ƙugiya (babban muƙamuƙi a durƙushe, ƙananan - sama), hakora sun fi girma. A lokaci guda, lalacewar ciki, hanjin hanta da hanta na faruwa, nama zai zama maras kizari kuma mai ƙima kuma, gwargwadon haka, mara ƙima.
SubwarAbbas
Greyling yana da kusanci da kifin da ke ƙasa. Greyling ya bambanta da irin kifin da ya dace ta wani ƙyalli mai girman gaske, mai ɗauke da haskoki daga 17 zuwa 24. A wasu nau'in, yana ɗaukar nau'in kayan ado kuma yana da launin launi sosai. A cikin ƙasa mai launin toka akwai nau'in halittar Greyling guda ɗaya (lat. Thymallus). Duk launin toka - kifin ruwa mai tsabta wanda ke rayuwa a cikin ƙananan koguna mai sauri da tabkuna masu sanyi a Turai, Asiya da Arewacin Amurka.
A wasu rarrabuwa, mutum zai iya samun rabuwa da dangi a cikin yankin Salmonid (wanda, ba zato ba tsammani, mafi kyawun fassara fassarar sunayen Latin waɗanda ba iri ɗaya ba ne ga dangi da ƙananan abubuwa - Salmonidae da Salmoninae). Yankunan ƙananan wurare a wannan yanayin, bi da bi, sami matsayin iyalai. Amma ba a yarda da irin wannan rarrabuwa ba gaba ɗaya.