Akwai tsuntsaye da yawa, wasunsu suna zaɓar wasu baƙin wurare daga matsayin mutum a matsayin mazaunin su. Misali, fadama. Zai yi kama da akwai fadama, danshi, hadari da hayaki mai guba. Koyaya, tsuntsayen suna jin dadi sosai. Mun bayar da don samun masaniya tare da tsuntsayen kwari, gano wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da bayyanar da salon rayuwarsu.

Janar bayanin

Kowane nau'in suna da wasu hanyoyin da zasu iya canzawa wanda suke taimakawa rayuwa ta cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Misali, mafi yawan tsuntsayen alamomin suna da dogayen kafafu, takamaiman bishiyoyi wadanda ke basu damar samun abinci (alal misali, kananzir da kuma gurnani - masu mallakar dogon bera). Wasu nau'in, kamar ducks, ruwa ne mai ruwa, wanda kuma yana taimaka musu su rayu. Abu na gaba, san wasu tsuntsaye da cikakken bayanai.

Yaɗa

Wani sashi na ƙaura, ɗan ɗayan ra'ayi ya zauna. An rarraba shi a Eurasia da Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin Turai, mafi yawan jama'a a tsakiyar latitude. Yana ciyar da hunturu a yammacin Turai da kuma a cikin yankin Rum. Edsungiyoyi a cikin kusan wuraren dozin Italiya, yawan jama'a yana da nau'i-nau'i 40-60.

A kowane lokaci na shekara, kananzir ya fi son wuraren da ke da laushi kusa da tsaftatattun ruwa, wani lokacin zai iya tsayawa kusa da ruwa tare da ƙarancin gishiri, amma a kowane yanayi da ke kewaye da katakan itacen girki, cattail da sauran abubuwa.

Ilimin halitta

A bayyane yake an tabbatar da himmar yankin ta. Tana gina babban gida daga shinge. A Afrilu-Mayu, yawanci 5-6 qwai ne dage farawa, wanda mace incubates na kwanaki 25-26. Yana dan shekara bakwai zuwa bakwai, yayan tsuntsaye suka fara tashi. Akwai brood ɗaya a cikin shekara guda. A kankanin lokaci ana yawan samun auren mata fiye da daya. Yana tashi ba da daɗewa ba, a hankali kuma yana ɗaukar nauyi, ƙasa sama da ƙasa. Yana ciyarwa a kan kifi, amphibians da kwari, kuma a Bugu da kari, masu shayarwa, crustaceans, ƙananan tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa.

Jirgin saman yana ba da bayyananniyar ɓoye gabansa tare da babban kururuwa, mai kama da raƙuman ruwa mara ji, an ji har ma da nesa kilomita biyu. Saboda halayen fitsari da kuma magariba, galibi ana misalta shi da mujiyoyi. Yayin rana, a hankali yana zaune a cikin ciyawar ciyawar, idan ya cancanta, yana ɗaukar matsayin halayyar mutum, tare da wuyansa da baki ya ɗaga sama.

Recaddamar da ƙasa da sauran canje-canje na muhalli sun haifar da raguwar adadin ƙananan ƙananan fiye da yawancin kewayon.

Bayanin

Snipe ƙaramin sandpiper ne mai girman girman kifin (jikin mutum har zuwa 28 cm), nauyin jiki ya kai 90-200 g. Yana ciyar da fitowar alfijir, kodayake yana tashi da rana. Beak yana da tsawo sosai, madaidaiciya, kafafu gajere. Idanun suna da girma, an canza su zuwa bayan kai. Ana neman tsuntsayen jama'a, kuma yayin jirgin, yakan shiga cikin garken, amma galibi yakan tashi da kansa, yana haɗuwa cikin ƙungiyoyi kawai a kan ciyar. Irin wannan haɗin a ciyar da mafarautan ana kiransa "rash."

Sannu-sannu mafi yawan maraba, kuma a wani ɓangaren maraice. Ana kiyaye shi a asirce a ƙasa. Yawancin lokaci yakan tashi daga ƙarƙashin ƙafafun tare da sauti mai rarrabe abubuwa. Jirgin yana da sauri sosai, bambance bambancen, wanda ake saninsa da saurin jirgin zigzag. Sau da yawa, daga babban tsayi, dutse yakan nutse a kan fado zuwa wurin da aka zaɓa.

A daidai lokacin da zancen ya dauki hancin ya yi “zhech”, yana birgewa daga wannan gefe zuwa gefe, yana yin jujjuyawar abubuwan da ba a zata ba, a kasa - sautin kalmomin "che-ke-che-ke-che-ke". Ba kamar rami ba, girman yana ƙarami, wutsiya tayi ja, ciki kuma fari fat. Daga snipe na Asiya daga nesa ba a iya gane shi.

Yanayin zaman

Hijira. A lokacin bazara, maɓallin ya isa da wuri da zarar dusar ƙanƙara ta ɓace a cikin fadama. A kudu da Kazakhstan, a Uzbekistan da Turkmenistan sun bayyana a farkon Maris, a cikin Ukraine da Belarus - a ƙarshen Maris, da kuma kusa da kewaye - a farkon Afrilu, a kan Kama - a ƙarshen Afrilu, a cikin tundra na Timan da kusa Yakutsk - a tsakiyar Mayu, a kan Indigirke - a ƙarshen Mayu. Tsuntsaye suna tashi shi kaɗai bayan duhu, yana kukan "tundra" a farkon jirgin. Tsuntsaye sukan tashi sama da dare, a ranar da suke hutawa da abinci. Suna tashi shi kaɗai, cikin rukuni na tsuntsaye da garkuna da yawa. Yana zaune a cikin yankunan marshy tare da ciyayi na shrubby kuma ba tare da shi ba. Mahalli na bude kofan ruwa ko gawarwakin ruwa mai cike da ciyayi, wanda ke cike da laka. A lokacin farauta, tana manne wa wurarenda ke cikin bogi a cikin magudanar ruwa da kan magudanan ruwa. Lessarancin da ake yawan samu, ciyayi mai ƙwanƙwasa a cikin ciyayi mai laushi tare da hummocks kuma tare da gefen silty tsoffin matan.

Kiwo

Snipe - monogamous, siffofin m nau'i don lokacin kiwo. Bayan an iso, maza suka fara kwarara. A yayin jirgin na yanzu, namiji yakan tashi cikin da'ira sama da ƙasa a sama, yana sauka ƙasa lokaci zuwa lokaci. Lokacin da "fadowa", sautin shimfiɗa da fikafikai, rarraba iska da rawar jiki, samar da sautin mai hargitsi mai fasali, mai tunawa da zubin ɗan rago. Namijin da yake zaune ya zauna a wuri guda. Bayan ɗan lokaci, mace ta haɗu da shi da siffofin ma'aurata, wanda ke ci gaba a duk lokacin kiwo.

Macizai suna aiki musamman da safe da maraice a cikin yanayin hadari ko gajimare tare da ruwan sama mai kyau. Wani lokacin namiji yakan gudana a ƙasa: yana zaune a kan abin yi kuma yana fitar da m "alamar, kaska, kaska".

Femaleaya mace tana tsunduma a cikin tsari da shiryawa, kuma namiji yana rabawa da kajin. Yawancin gida an fi sanya shi a kan karo kuma yana wakiltar hutawa da ciyawa mai bushe. A cikin cikakken kama 4 (wani lokacin 5) yellowish- ko zaitun-launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, launin ruwan kasa da shuɗi launin toka-dimbin yawa. Yin kyankyallen yana tsawon kwanaki 18-22.

Bayyanar

Gefen yana da tsawo. Tsayinsa ya kai cm 7.5-12. A cikin maza, beke ya ɗan guntu fiye da na mace. A cikin lokacin matsewar, kuli-kuli yana da launi mai duhu mai kama da rawaya mai launin shuɗi ko ruwan leƙi mai haske. A cikin hunturu, gindi mai ruwan hoda. Kafafu suna da tsayi, launin toka mai duhu, baƙi ko launin ruwan kasa. Shugaban karami ne, siriri mai gini. Matsakaicin matsakaicin tsayi yakai cm 42. Tsubin fikafin ya kai cm 70-80. Maza sunkai 280 g a matsakaita, nauyin mace shine 340 g. Matan sunkai 5% girma fiye da maza. Kuma begensu yakai 12-15% tsawon.

A lokacin matsewa, kai, wuya da kuma kirji na sama suna da ja mai ja. A baya, kabewa mai launin ruwan kasa mai duhu tare da launin ja da haske mottles ja. Fuka-fukan gashin tsuntsu sune launin ruwan kasa mai duhu tare da farin gindi. Wutsiyar baƙar fata ce. A cikin hunturu, kirji yana da launi launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. Gabaɗaya, tushen maza yana da ƙarin launuka masu laushi idan aka kwatanta da mace.

Halayya da Abinci

Wakilan nau'ikan kiwon dabbobi a ruwa da kan tudu. A cikin lokacin kiwo, gwoza, gizo-gizo, kwari, kwari, masassara, huji, mollus, ciyayi. Hakanan suna ciyar da kifi, caviar, frogs, tadpoles. A lokacin ƙaura, sukan ci berries, tsaba, da hatsi shinkafa. A cikin ruwa, ana aiwatar da ciyarwa a cikin ruwa mara zurfi. Manyan masu bautar gumaka sun shiga ruwa suna neman ganima akan ruwa ko cikin ƙasa mai laka. A wannan yanayin, za su iya nutsad da kawunansu cikin ruwa. A kan tudu, ana samun abinci daga farfajiya ko an cika baki a cikin ƙasa. Inganta sauti na iya zama mai kuzari sosai - har sau 36 a cikin minti daya. Wadannan tsuntsayen galibi suna ciyar da manyan rukuni.

Matsayin Kariya

Wannan nau'in ya ƙunshi rassa 3. Dukkanin su abubuwa ne na farauta. Zuwa yau, yashi mai dunƙule ko babban godwit yana da matsayin kusanci ga barazanar ta hanyar rage yanayin mazauninsu. Jimlar wadannan tsuntsayen a duniya kusan mutane 800,000 ne. A lokaci guda, kawai a Faransa, mafarautan kowace shekara suna kashe har kusan dubu 8 na waɗannan tsuntsayen na musamman.

Abinci da tsarin abinci

A duk yankin da kewayon yankin, tushen ciyar da mujiya na naman daji ya ƙunshi ƙananan ƙananan beraye. A cikin tundra, waɗannan sune lemmings, a tsakiyar layi - voles da mice, a cikin steppe - pies, jerboas da hamsters. Kada kuliyoyi kama da tsuntsaye da kwari, galibi a matsayin maye a cikin “dabarun” ƙwanƙwasa shekaru. Mujiyoyi marasa lafiya sukan yi farauta a cikin jirgin, da dare, da safe ko da yamma, i.e. galibi a lokutan hasken rana.

Yawancin lokaci yayin farauta, mujiya mai narkewa tana yin ƙasa a ƙasa, yana neman abin da zai ci, sai kuma ya kama shi ya ɗauka a cikin abin da ya ci. Wani lokacin yayin farauta, mujiyoyi masu narkewa a cikin hali suna kama da lokacin da suke cin gashin tsuntsaye. Mafi yawan lokuta kadan basa farauta. Maimaita duka abin da aka kama. Idan akwai abinci mai yawa, mujiyoyi masu narkewa a ciki suna iya tara abinci ta hanyar yin ɓoye da ɓoye “”arin” ganima a cikinsu.

Heron mazauna

Heron Masarawa ana samun sa galibi a kudu hemisphere. Kwanan nan aka gan shi a bakin Volga. Yana zaune a cikin Afirka sosai, inda aka rarraba shi daga yankunan kudanci na Afirka zuwa gabar gabas da Senegal. Hakanan ya mamaye yankuna na Kudancin Asiya. Farin herons sun fi yawa kuma ana samun su ko'ina, ban da Antarctica. Musamman yawancinsu a Afirka. A Rasha, galibi jinsuna uku suna rayuwa - launin toka, ƙarami da manya manya. An rarraba launin toka mafi girma a cikin Asiya, Turai (a cikin ƙasashe masu yanayin yanayi), suna zaune a yankuna daga tsibirin Japan da Sakhalin zuwa gaɓar Tekun Atlantika (a arewa - zuwa Yakutsk da St. Petersburg, a kudu - zuwa Ceylon da arewa maso yammacin Afirka ) Ana samun jan dutsen a cikin yankunan kudanci na Iberian Peninsula - wuraren kiwo nata ya tafi zuwa Pakistan da Iraki ta hanyar Hungary da yankin gaba daya na yankin Balkan.

Yankunan rarraba

Tsuntsayen daga jinsin sanannu suna zaune a cikin Turai, Afirka, Asiya, ban da wannan, akwai mayukan tono da Kudancin Amurka ke zaune.

Speciesungiyoyin Kudancin suna rayuwa mai tsaka-mai-wuya, dolo na arewa suna yin ƙaura na lokaci. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna zaune cikin nau'i-nau'i ko kuma ba manya-manyan kungiyoyi ba. Kafin tashi zuwa lokacin zafi don zafi, storks sun taru a cikin kananan gungun mutane 10-25.

Dukkan nau'ikan kututturen suna dogara da jikin ruwa, saboda haka suna ƙoƙarin su zauna kusa da ruwa. Amma har yanzu wasu suna harka a cikin lokacin farin ciki na gandun daji, suna gudu zuwa kandami kawai don abinci.

Useauki atsabi'a

Useaura zaune a dazuzzukan daji-yankuna da yankuna na yankin Eurasianfara daga yankunan gabas na Pyrenees kuma ya ƙare tare da gabashin Manchuria, sabili da haka, ana iya samun sau da yawa a cikin Scotland da kuma Mongolia.

Mazaunin wannan tsuntsu ya hada da:

• yankin le Ca le ((yankin yanki
• yanki neoarctic (partridge, hazel grouse, grouse daji, gama gari da kuma Caucasian black grouse, capercaillie).

Yankin Neo-Arctic ya haɗa da ƙasashe na Tsoho da Sabon Duniya waɗanda ke cikin yankin yanayin yanayin zafi - waɗannan sune Arewacin Amurka, Asiya da Turai. A cikin ofasashe na Federationasar Rasha, an samo nau'ikan 8 na baƙar fata: baƙar fata, uwar gandun daji, tsintsiya, dutse da babban sikari, ucan sandar fata, ,an wasa, fari da fatarar tundra.

A lokacin farauta, baƙar fata ta hana yin gandun daji mai tsayi tare da tsayi, da zaɓar bishiyar lemun tsami da gandun daji kusa kusa da wuraren ƙone da wuraren share abubuwa, gandun daji na birch, waɗanda ke canzawa tare da filayen hatsi, haɓakaccen gandun daji mai haske da gefuna, inda babu lallai akwai wuraren bushewa da berries.

Tsuntsayen da ke zaune a cikin fadama, bayanin su da fasalin su

Hesasashewa daga lokutan da suka gabata sun sa mutane su ji kararrawa mara kunya, har ma da rawar jiki, mai kaman tsoro da tsoro. Kuma wannan abu ne mai sauki a bayyana, domin irin wannan shimfidar wurare, ba tare da dalili ba, a koyaushe ana daukar wuraren da za su mutu da kuma barazanar rayuwa.

Akwai isassun yankuna a sararin samaniya wadanda basu isa ga dan adam ba, inda akwai irin wannan kumburi da fadama mai wuya wadanda ke ɓoyewa daga idon ƙwarƙwarar da ciyawa da mosses, wanda idan mai ɓataccen matafiyi ba zato ba tsammani ya ƙare a wani wuri mai ƙima, raunin da ke cike da damuwa zai hanzarta kai shi ƙasan.

Yawancin ruwa a Belarus da Ukraine. A cikin yankin Turai na Rasha, mafi yawan yankuna suna cikin yankuna tsakiya da arewacin. Sun shahara ga karkara. Irin waɗannan yankuna suna yaduwa a yammacin babban Siberiya, da kuma a Kamchatka.

Daga fuskar kimiya, shimfidar wuraren bogi sune yankuna na musamman inda, gujewa abubuwan da ke cikin kasa, gudana ko ruwa mai tsayawa yana haifar da danshi mai yawa, yana shafar tsarin ƙasa.

A cikin hoto tsuntsu moorhen

Saboda halayen halitta da yanayin yankin, swamps suna tara hazo kuma suna sha ruwan ƙasa. Duk wannan yana haifar da yanayin zama don irin waɗannan wakilan duniyar, kuma tsuntsayen tsuntsaye an daidaita shi sosai don zama a cikin wani yanayi, wanda bai dace da ɗan Adam ba.

Bawai kawai tsoro ya kama ba, amma yana jan hankalin mutane tare da asirinsu wanda ba a warware su ba. Misali, tsoffin sunyi imani da cewa fadama birni shine mazaunin ruhohi da mugayen ruhohi.

Legends da labari mai faɗi sun inganta da yawa ta hanyar muryoyin da aka buga tsuntsaye, mazaunan bakin ruwa. Ofaya daga cikin waɗannan halittun da aka fallasa sifofi wani ɗan abu ne. Yawancin lokaci waƙar da ta yi a hankali ba a bayyane take ba a maraice ko da dare.

Sau da yawa, musamman a lokacin matsewar, waɗannan waƙoƙin suna kama da ɗan gajeren gajeran jita, wani lokacin tsuntsu yakan yi sautin kararrawa, wanda akan kira shi sa da ruwa ko sa.

Akwai irin waɗannan halittu masu ban al'ajabi waɗanda ke wakiltar dangin heron, kusa fadama da tabkuna, tsuntsaye zai iya zahiri narke a cikin ɓoyayyen itace, yana shimfiɗa kai da wuya zuwa zaren yayin da mutum yake kusatowa, yayin da yake zama kama da rawan ciyawar ciyawar. A irin wannan lokacin, ba za a iya gano su ba, ko da kallon su ba komai bane.

A waje, waɗannan halittun da ke da ƙanana kaɗan marasa nauyi ne, marasa ƙarfi da rubutu, suna cikin mutane da yawa alama ce ta mummuna. Fitowar su ta zama da tsoro yayin da tsuntsayen, suka tsoratar, suka girgiza fikafikan su, suna fadada wuyansu a gaba, har ma da magabatansu zasuyi daji da irin wannan rawar tsoro.

Kuma ba gaba ɗaya ba ne dalili, saboda a dabi'ance ɗan abin ƙazamaccen abu ne, kuma abokan gaba ba za su iya lafiya ba idan ta, kare kanta, ta yanke shawarar buge shi da kaifin baki.

Icksan kumburin-kumbiya-kumbiya-kumbiya ƙananan kwari suna yin croaking, gurgling da saututtukan gargaɗinsa sun fi ban tsoro, bony da mummuna. Yankunan irin waɗannan tsuntsaye suna da faɗi sosai, suna yaduwa zuwa Turai da gaba, har zuwa tsibirin Sakhalin.

Tsuntar tsuntsaye

Dankano

Sautunan da ba su dace ba, kamar zubar da ɗan rago, wani tsuntsu ne wanda aka samo a ƙasan yankuna na ruwa. Haka kuma, asalinsu shine gashin tsuntsayen da suke firgita lokacin da suke tashiwa karkashin matsanancin iska.

A cikin lokacin mating, maza, ke tashi, suna narkewa ƙasa, wanda ke zama dalilin wannan fasalin. Jirgin wannan hura tsuntsu daga fadama yana farawa da gundarin muffled.

Bayan wannan, tsuntsayen zigzag a cikin iska na wani ɗan lokaci, wanda ke haifar da matsalolin rashin tabbas ga mafarautan da ke ƙoƙarin buga irin wannan manufa. Bayyanuwar wannan karamin tsuntsu ya fi wanda ba a saba gani ba, kuma an rarrabe shi ta dogon tsinkayensa, dolo ɗari biyar, kodayake irin waɗannan halittun suna girman girman kaji, mai nauyinsa 150.

Ana bambanta launi na waɗannan halittattun-kafaffen tawali'u mai haske kuma yana cike da launin shuɗi, fari da baƙi. Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna zaune a cikin Rasha, kusan a duk yankinsa, ban da, watakila, Kamchatka da yankuna na arewacin, amma suna zuwa ƙasashe masu zafi don hunturu.

Birgwanni Snipe

Mai Waya

Wadannan shimfidar wurare ba su da shahararren arzikin duniyar shuka. Irin waɗannan yankuna, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna da yawa a cikin mosses, wanda tare da lasisi ke tsiro fadama. Tsuntsu, nesting akan gansakuka gansakukasau da yawa dai itace don samun abin plover. Yawancin lokaci yakan shirya gida don kajin na nan gaba a ƙasa a cikin ƙananan ramuka, don coziness, rufaffiyar gida tare da ƙasa.

Wanda zai iya jujjuyawar maƙarƙashiyar daga idanuwanta kawai ta hanyar ƙyalli, don kusan gaba ɗaya ta hade da yanayin da ke kewaye da ita.Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen, waɗanda suka fi girma fiye da tauraron yin tauraron, suna da ɗanɗano mai haske, mai launin shuɗi.

Suna da ɗan gajeren baki, suna fitar da waƙoƙin huɗa, tashi da kyau kuma suna gudu da sauri a kan ƙananan ƙananan, nesa daga ƙafafun siririn. Suna kashe lokacin bazara a arewacin Turai da Asiya, kuma a cikin hunturu suna zuwa kudu don neman zafi.

Masu ɗaukar hoto suna wakiltar rukuni ne na manyan bindigogi, kowannensu da yake cikin mambobi waɗanda ke da halaye na rayuwa, waɗanda suka bambanta cikin bayyanar da salon rayuwa. Wasu daga cikinsu, gami da tsuntsaye, zaune a fadama.

Lowararriyar Tsutsawa

Sandar Sanya

Tsuntsu yakai girman tattabara, amma da alama ya fi girma saboda girman wuya, baki da kafafu. An rarrabe waɗannan halittu ta launin sihirin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.

Sun isa cikin daji na arewa daga lokacin sanyi a tsakiyar bazara, suna dawowa kowace shekara zuwa wuri guda, wanda zasu iya canzawa kawai saboda bushewar shafin da sauran mummunan yanayi.

Babban kulawa ga kajin, wanda yanayi ya jefa shi a cikin manyan bindigogi, galibi yakan haifar da mutuwar brood, yana haifar da matsala ga iyaye. Namiji mai juyayi, yana ƙoƙarin tsoratar da baƙi da ba a so daga gida, ya ba da matsayinsa.

Tsuntsayen suna da matukar muhimmanci ga mafarauta saboda nama mai daɗin rai, mai laushi, wanda ya haifar da rushewar gaba ɗaya na irin waɗannan tsuntsayen.

A cikin hoton sandpiper na hoto

Duckw duck

Marshes, a cewar masana kimiyya, sun dace sosai don mazaunin yawancin wakilan masarauta, wadanda suke jin daɗin rayuwa a cikin yanayin da aka bayyana, da dadewa suna son irin waɗannan shimfidar wurare (kan hoto na fadama tsuntsaye watakila tabbatar da wannan).

Kodayake yanayin da ke kewaye da su, musamman ma flora, yana da matukar kyau. Dazuzzuka sun mamaye gandun daji, a matsayin mai mulkin, mutu, kuma yawancin jinsunan bishiyoyi an maye gurbinsu da waɗanda suke da laima.

Gaskiya ne, a irin waɗannan wuraren dwarf pines suna ɗaukar tushe sosai kuma suna yada, wasu nau'in Birch, spruce da Willow suna girma. Ya danganta da matsayin ƙarancin ƙasan yankin, akwai wasu nau'ikan ciyayi da suke ci gaba.

A cikin ƙananan kwari boge sedge da Reed girma. Marshes kuma sanannen ne saboda kasancewar mahimmanci, mai arziki a cikin bitamin, berries: blueberries, cranberries, Cloudberries da sauransu. Su, kamar mai tushe mai tsirrai na tsire-tsire, suna ciyar da tsuntsaye da yawa. A cikinsu akwai ducks daji - fadama ruwa.

Ire-iren wadannan tsuntsayen, wadanda suka zama ruwan dare gama gari a Arewacin Hemisphere, suna da jiki mai kauri, baki mara nauyi kuma sun shahara saboda kasancewar membranes a kan kafafunsu, wanda ya taimaka musu sosai don samun nasarar motsawa cikin yanayin ruwa. Sau da yawa, yayin da suke kan ruwa, ducks suna fuka fukafukan su a hankali. Masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa ta wannan hanyar, waɗannan halittu suna tsaftar gashin fuka-fukai.

Duckw duck

Swamp mujiya

Irin wannan tsuntsu shima bai damu da cin sabbin berries ba, amma ya fi son farautar kananan dabbobi da daddare: mice, voles, hamsters da jerboas.

Neman abincinsa, mujiya ta yi ƙasa ƙasa, kuma da zaɓar wanda aka yi wa rauni, sai ta yi ƙasa da sauri tana ɗaukar abincinta. Wannan wani tsuntsu ne wanda yake shiru, amma kuma yana iya iya yin shuru ta hanyar sauti iri-iri.

Abin da tsuntsu a cikin fadama popping, barkono da yapping? Mujiya ta aikata wannan, tana kiyaye farjinta. A lokacin matse, daidaikun mutane maza da mata suna yin kiran juna. Sojojin dawakai suna fafutukar da muguwar kaɗaɗɗiya, kuma mata suna yi musu maraba da kukan da ba su da yawa.

Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen ana samun su ba kawai a cikin wuraren bude wuraren Turai ba, har ma a Amurka. Tsayin jikinsu yayi ƙasa da rabin mitoci, ƙwaƙwalwa yana launin ruwan kasa-launin shuɗi, baki baki. Tsuntsayen da aka fi so sun yaɗa kan sararin ƙasa, suna da yawa kuma basa buƙatar kariyar.

Tsuntsu na mujiya

Abinci

Wannan halittar da ke cikin tsuntsaye, tana daidaitawa ne a yankuna na arewacin, tsakanin birai, willows da berries na tundra, tabbas kawai suna son marsh berries. Abincin shine tsuntsu mai kamshi, tare da ƙaramin kai da idanu, baki mai rufe gashinsa, da gajerun kafafu.

A lokacin bazara, launin shuɗi da shuɗi mai haske launin shuɗi suna bayyana a akashin ɗakunan dusar ƙanƙan-dusar ƙanƙararta, kuma gashin idanun tsuntsayen suna ɗaukar launin haske mai haske mai haske. Tare da nauyin rai har zuwa 700 g, ango yana jan hankalin mafarauta tare da nama mai gina jiki.

A cikin hoto wani farin abin sha

Heron

Masana kimiyya sun yi imanin, ba gaira ba dalili, cewa yanayin ƙasa yana da amfani sosai, suna kiran su “huhu” na duniyar. Suna rage sinadarin carbon dioxide a cikin sararin samaniya kuma suna hana tasirin kore, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ayyukan agroecos, shiga cikin samar da koguna.

Duk wannan yana taimakawa ga samar da wani microclimate a cikin ciyaman. Misali, lamuran da aka yi la'akari da su fadama da tafkuna, tsuntsaye herons, daidai ɗauka a cikin irin waɗannan shimfidar wurare, ba daidaituwa bane.

Tabbas, bishiyoyin bishiyoyi, dogayen bishiyoyi da shukoki suna a matsayin kyakkyawan tsari kuma ya kare su daga magabatan. Bugu da kari, fadama cike take da kwaro, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa ana ciyar da tsuntsayen da suka fi son wannan abincin, har da kifi.

Za a iya kiran heron a matsayin kyakkyawan tsuntsu, idan ba don motsi na angular ba kuma yana kasancewa cikin dusar ƙanƙara wanda ya saba da daskarewa. Amma a cikin fadama alheri ba abu mafi mahimmanci ba ne, amma a cikin wannan yanayin na waɗannan halittu yana da matukar yiwuwa a rikice tare da knotty snag, wanda yake da amfani sosai daga yanayin tsaro.

Herons tare da tashin hankali tafiya a kan ruwa a kan dogon kafafu, kuma ji mai girma a cikin gadaje Reed. Gaskiya ne, sautunan da suke yi, suna kama da kururuwa na wani ko kuwwa, ba su da kyan gani.

A cikin hoto, tsuntsu mai heron

Yawancin tsuntsayen daji waɗanda ke da halaye da yawa na kamanninsu: madaidaiciyar wuya da kafafu, har da babban baki. Irin waɗannan fasalulluran suna taimakawa kada a sami rigar a wurare masu narkewa a jikinsu, koyaushe suna sama da ƙasa. Dogon baki ya sami damar samar da abinci mai inganci.

Daidai wannan nau'in tsuntsayen ya hada da storks - manyan tsuntsayen da suke da fikafikai daban daban, suna fadada wuyansu a guje. Suna yaɗu cikin duniya, suna faruwa a ƙasashe masu yanayin zafi da sanyi.

A cikin hoto akwai abin toya

Grey crane

Wadannan tsuntsaye ma sun gamsu da rayuwa a cikin fadama, kuma katako mai nasara sun sami nasarar zama a cikin manyan kanunun ruwa. Zuwa yanzu a cikin wadannan yankuna, tsuntsayen suna kokarin kare kansu daga ci gaban wayewar kai ta kowane bangare.

Kuma manyan abubuwan ɓoyayyiyar ɓuya suna ɓoye tsuntsaye daga idanun mutane. Ranwararru, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, suna da launin toka-toka, wasu gashin fuka-fukai ne kawai baƙaƙen. Girman tsuntsayen suna da ban sha'awa sosai, kuma wasu mutane sun kai girman mil biyu.

Cranes suna da ban sha'awa saboda rawar su. Ana raye-raye na rawa a cikin biyu, a cikin biyu ko a cikin kungiyoyi, ko daban-daban, ana faruwa a cikin lokutan yin canjin. Irin waɗannan motsi ana bayyana su a tsalle-tsalle da fuka-fuki, zigzagging da kuma cikin da'irar, kazalika da gwargwadon tafiya tare da kallo mai mahimmanci.

Grey crane

Baƙar fata

Lokaci-lokaci, swamps ana ziyartar wakilan dangin baƙi: baƙon fararen fata da capercaillie, sha'awar sha'awar yin liyafa a yankin, berries mai daɗi a cikin yankin.

Ga mafarautan tsakiyar Rasha, waɗannan tsuntsayen sun kasance mafi mashahuri ganima. Dukkan jinsunan tsuntsaye iri daya suna da kama, amma ga wanda ya kware wajen bambance shi bashi da wahala.

Weightaukar nauyin takalmin baƙar fata ya fi kilo kilo. Irin wannan nau'in tsuntsayen yana yawan duhu duhu tare da tintin launin shuɗi mai ban sha'awa kuma tare da fararen fuka-fukan akan fikafikan. Abubuwan da aka fasalta suna da wutsiya mai kamanni.

Yawancin lokaci ana samun su a cikin garuruwa na birch da gandun daji-steppe massifs cike da bishiyoyi a cikin kwari. koguna da fadama, tsuntsaye idan sun zauna cikin gandun daji, ba su da yawa sosai. Tsuntsayen ba sa son jirgin sama mai nisa, amma idan ya cancanta ko rashin abinci mai gina jiki na iya tafiyar kilomita 10 ta iska.

Black tsuntsu grouse (mace)

Capercaillie

Babban tsuntsu mai tsawon mitoci mai nauyin kilo 5, yana da gashin fuka-fuki mai launin shuɗi da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da kirjin, har da wutsiya mai zagaye. Ta fi son ta zauna a cikin gandun daji kusa da fadama, inda ta ci abinci ba kawai berries ba, har ma da allura.

Capercaillie, mai wahalar hawa, yawancin rayuwarsu a duniya, kawai suna kwana a kan bishiyoyi. Kusan basu san yadda zasu tashi ba, suna ta ragargajewa sama da mita ba dozin.

A cikin hoto tsuntsu capercaillie

Blue da rawaya macaw aku

Yawancin wurare masu laushi suna cikin Arewacin Hemisphere, amma a ƙarshen ƙarshen duniya suma sun wanzu. Misali, a duniya mafi girman waɗannan shimfidar wurare shine hannun Amazon.

Yawancin tsuntsaye suna zaune a wurin, ɗayan mafi kyawun wakilai na irin wannan shine shuɗi mai launin shuɗi-rawaya, mai alaƙa tsuntsayen tsuntsayen bakin ciki wannan babban kogi. Irin wadannan tsintsayen tsuntsayen da suke tashi dayawa, kuma suna daukar hoto suna sanya su zama marasa ganuwa akan tushen ciyayi mai haske na yankin.

Frogiroro suna zuwa daji suna zaune a cikin manyan garken dabbobi, waɗanda sukan taru lokacin da magariba ta yi kusa da dare. Kuma da sassafe don zuwa neman abinci, suna shela anguwan tare da tsawa.

Wuta da Rawaya Macaw Parrot

Flamingo

Irin wannan tsuntsun yakan gina ciyayi a cikin masussuka masu yawa a gabar ruwa. Yawan nauyin wadannan kyawawan halittu masu falala wadanda suke zaune a kasashen Turai, Afirka da Asiya galibi ya kai kilogiram 4. Red flamingos suna da dogon wuya da kafafu, tare da daskararren ruwan hoda mai haske. Duk da falalar su, waɗannan halittun suna da nauyi ainun.

Suna kwance ba da daɗewa ba kuma kawai a lokuta idan suna cikin haɗari mai haɗari. Sun gudu da dadewa, amma a cikin jirgin sun kasance abin kallo mai ban sha'awa, suna da kyau musamman da bango na sararin samaniya azure.

A cikin hoto ne harshen wuta

Marsh Harbor

Looney ya fi son ciyawa, har ma da wadatattun wakilai na fauna na ruwa. A gaban idanun wani mutumin da ke ƙoƙarin tunanin kewayon wata, a cikin wani wuri mai dunƙulen wuri da dunƙule masu dunƙule.

A cikin hoto wani kogi mai narkewa

Cowgirl

Makiyayi, ko kuma kamar yadda ake kiransa makiyayi ruwa, karamin tsuntsu ne na ruwa na gidan makiyayi, galibi yana zaune ne a cikin fadama kusa da jikin ruwa. An jera shi cikin Red Books na wasu ƙasashe saboda ƙarancin ƙima a cikin waɗannan yankuna.

Tsuntsu mai kiwon ruwa

Sandpiper

Sunayen bogs suna da banbanci sosai, kuma wasu daga cikinsu suna ba ka damar hango inda nan take tsuntsu ya fi son zama. Misali, dusar kankara mai narkewa. Wannan ƙaramin tsuntsu girman kurciya ne, wanda aka san shi da ƙafafu mai tsayi, launin shuɗi-launin shuɗi, da kuma maza sun fi wuta.

Sun fi son zama a cikin fadama cikin nau'i-nau'i ko kananan mazauna, suna da alaƙa da waɗanda ke ƙaura, yin ƙaura zuwa ƙasashe masu ɗumi tare da farkon sanyi, don komawa zuwa ƙarshen swamps na asalinsu a watan Afrilu. Canza wurin zama na iya kawai saboda babban dalili:

• Bushewa da fadama.
• "Ptureauki" na ƙasa ta mutane ko shanu.

Gaba ɗaya, tsuntsaye ba su da ma'ana ga mazaunin, namiji yana taimaka wa budurwarsa ta yi sheƙa daga ɓarnar da ke cikin bakin ciki, kuma galibi ana sanya ta ne a kan ciyawar ko kuma busasshen yanki na fadama. A cikin abin da ya haɗu har 4 ƙwai, namiji yakan ɗauki kashi kai tsaye a cikin shiryawa. Tsuntsaye masu ban sha'awa, manya da yara, suna ciyar da kwari iri-iri.

Wannan zakara ce wacce ke birgewa tsakanin tsuntsayen da ke faduwa, an gabatar da hotonta a kasa. Wakilin dangin Tsaplevy ne, yanayi ne da kansa ya kula da amincin wannan tsuntsu, ya saka shi da wani salo na musamman, wanda ya kasance daga cikin kuran da kadan ya zama ba a gani. Mafi sau da yawa ana iya samo shi a cikin tafkuna masu narkewa a tsakanin bishiyoyin Willow ko alder. Ana samun irin waɗannan tsuntsayen kusan ko'ina cikin yankin Turai da kudu maso gabashin Asiya, suna ƙaura: a farkon lokacin kaka sun tashi zuwa kudu don komawa zuwa mazaunin a watan Maris.

Yana jagorantar rayuwar rayuwar yau da kullun, lokacin day a tsaya babu motsi a ƙafa ɗaya, yana kama da maraƙi, dangi. Abin sha'awa shine, don mafi kyawun kamannin tsuntsu, tsuntsun yana tafiya zuwa tsirrai.

Siffofin

Capercaillie suna zaune a cikin gandun daji na Eurasia. Ana samun su a cikin yankin daga sashin Scandinavia zuwa Siberiya. A Tsakiyar Turai, wannan nau'in yana raguwa a kowace shekara. Fi so wuraren da tsararren mazauna su ne tsoffin gandun daji na coniferous tare da babban farin ciki na blueberries, da berries da ganyen da yake ci duk shekara. Wannan tsuntsu yana da fa'ida daga kusancinta da tururuwa, wanda ke ba kajin abinci mai wadataccen kajin. Capercaillie tsuntsu ne mai kunya. A lokacin rani, ya kwari kadan, ya ɓoye a cikin inuwar blueberries da undergrowth. Groungiyar itace kuma tana gina ginannun ɓoyayyinta a ƙasa.

A cikin hunturu, tsuntsu yakan kwashe lokaci mai tsawo akan bishiyoyi. A waɗancan yankuna inda ake yin dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa, ƙwararrun filaye suna rayuwa saboda matsanancin ƙarancin kitse mai ƙoshin mai, wanda ke zama abu mai ruɓewa da adana ƙarfi. A cikin hunturu, tsintsiya itace ke tara garken adadi daga 5 zuwa 25 na tsuntsaye. Maza yawanci ba sa rabuwa da mace.

Masu nasara na fadama

Ba kowa ba ne wanda zai iya dacewa da mazaunin al'ada. Tsuntsayen mutane ne na musamman da suka iya sauƙaƙe ci gaban yankunan ƙasa.

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Wadannan tsuntsayen ana ɗauka sune mashahurin mazaunan:

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Bakano

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Bittern - tsuntsaye na cikin heron. An kamo su sosai a cikin shinge na reeds, a sauƙaƙe shimfiɗa kawunansu da wuyoyinsu, suna dubanta. Wani lokacin mutane ba sa lura da tsuntsayen, ko da kallon su nuna blank. A bayyanar, su mutane ne marasa hankali da jijiyoyi, suna kallon abin tsoro cikin fushi. Haƙiƙa ana haife shi tare da kaifi mai kaifi, bugun ido-da-sa kuma suna yin sauti mai daɗi.

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Dankano

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Dankarau - tsuntsayen suna da launi mai haske kuma suna da kwaɗayi na almara. Mafarauta da wuya su iya harba wani mutum mai tashi mai hawa a cikin motsawar zigzag. Tsuntsu yana da dogon baki, amma ba ya yin nauyi kamar kaza.

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Mai Waya

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Plover - tsuntsaye masu girma suna girma kadan fiye da 'yan taurari, suna da ɗan gajeren baki, ƙanana da ƙafafun kafa, amma suna da tsufa da sauri.

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Sandar Sanya

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Abun ciye - ciwone - wuyansa mai hade, baki da kafafu sune sifofi daban daban na wannan nau'in tsuntsaye. Tsuntsayen da suke da furanni suna da launi mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi.

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Duckw duck

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Dwamin daskararre - yana da faffadan jiki mai fadi, yadin baki, yatsun kafaffen kafafu da kuma kyawawan kayan girki.

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Mujiya mai tsayi - tsuntsaye suna da launin shuɗi-mai-launin shuɗi, baki baki. Tsawon jikinsu da wuya ya kai mita 0.5.

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Abinci

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Abincin shine mutum mai rarrabewa tare da ƙananan idanu da ƙaramin kai, gajerun kafafu da gashinsa mai laushi.

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Heron

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Heron kyakkyawan kyakkyawan tsuntsu ne da ke da ma'amala, alheri da kuma kyakkyawan karko.

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Stork

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Stork - fasalin halayen tsuntsaye na wannan nau'in - dogon kafafu na bakin ciki, babban baki. Godiya ga manyan fuka-fukan, da aka watsa, storks zasu iya isa wurin da sauri.

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A cikin fadama zaka iya haɗuwa da cranes mai launin toka. Girma da capercaillie suna zaune a wasu yankuna.

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Grey crane

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Baƙar fata

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Capercaillie

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Sabon abu mazaunan swamps

Mafi kyawun tsuntsayen masu ban sha'awa sune bango masu launin shuɗi-da-rawaya mai launin shuɗi, Flamingo da marsh harbor.

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Blue da rawaya macaw

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Flamingo

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Marsh Harbor

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Suna cikin tsuntsayen dabbobi, amma galibi ana samun su a Eurasia. Ana ɗaukar mayaƙan yaƙi da mai kula da su ba karamin misali ba ne - ƙananan tsuntsayen ruwa ruwa da aka jera a cikin littafin Red.

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Kamyshevka

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Cowgirl

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Sauran nau'in tsuntsayen ciyayi

Baya ga mazaunan da aka ambata a sama, a cikin makircin kuma zaka iya nemo tsuntsayen kamar suma, matsakaici da ƙanƙan babban ƙauye, masarafiya, skate da bi.

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Babban maharbi

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Mai shigowa

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Mai shigowa

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Godwit

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Doki

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Mint

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Mafi yawancin lokuta, alumma suna cin nasarar juna saboda gasa, yayin da sauran nau'in suka ɓace saboda yanayin rayuwa mai wahala.

Burodi

Kamar kowane tsuntsayen da ke fadama, tana da kafaffun kafa, wuyansa da baki. Haɓaka haɓakarsu na taimakawa wajen yawon ruwa, tsoma kanka cikin kai, kama abincin a rafin.

Gefen Burodin yana jujjuyawa a cikin siffar baka. Wannan fasali ne na tsuntsu. Tsawon bek dinsa ya kai santimita 12.

Tsarin burodi da hankali - tsuntsayen tsuntsayemai alaƙa da ƙungiyar ibis. An haɗa shi a cikin gidan Ciconiiformes.

Yawan burodin ya ɗan fi girma. Ganyen tsuntsu shine kirjin kansa daga kai zuwa tsakiyar jiki da launin ruwan kasa zuwa wutsiya. A cikin haske akwai kayan farin ƙarfe, cike da koren kore, baƙi, launuka masu haske.

Yaduwar gurasa yayi yawa. Wakilan nau'ikan jinsin ba kawai a dogayen sanda ba ne. Tsuntsayen suna zaune a cikin yankuna mai tsauri, ƙaura. Wasu burodin suna jagorantar tsarin rayuwa.

Jajan

In ba haka ba ana kiranta. Tsuntsu mai nauyin bai wuce kilo 1.4 ba. Wannan yana tare da girma mita da tsawon santimita 90 santimita.

Wani sheki mai santsi mai santsi ya dace da sunan da launin fuka-fukan gashin tsuntsu a kirji da ciki. A saman tsuntsu mai launin shuɗi-shuɗi.

Red herons sun zauna a Asiya, Turai da kuma Afirka. Tsakaninsu, tsuntsayen ke tashi, suna jujjuya wuyansu kamar sifofin Turanci S.

A hali mai kyau, an bambanta jinsin ta wurin rashin kunya. An cire heron daga wurin sa lokacin da ya ga baƙon, har ma a nesa amintacce don kansa.

Girki mai sanyi

Jikinta tsawon mita ne, tsayin dinta yakan wuce santimita dari. Goma sha huɗu daga cikinsu sun faɗi a kan bera. Ko da a cikin wakilan nau'in, ɗan yatsan a tsakiyar yatsun yana da tsawo. A kowane ƙafa na sheqa launin toka akwai yatsun kafa huɗu, ɗayansu ya juya baya.

Babban taro na daskararre ya kai kilo 2. Girman matsanancin haske ga tsuntsaye ba sa yin ƙarfin halin feathery. Grey herons suna da kunya kamar na jan. Tsoron ko da yasa tsuntsayen ke jefa ciyayi, wani lokacin ma har dajin da aka zana.

Canza launin toka ash heron. Akwai kusan wuraren fararen fata. Gashin tsuntsun yana da ja mai launin shuɗi.

Heron

Don heron, girgizar tana da ɗan gajeren wuya. Babu buƙatar nutsewa a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Heron ya saba da ganima. Tsuntsu yana jefa ruwan mura ko kwari akan ruwan. Heronfish ya isa a lokacin idan ya kama koto.

Kafafunta kuma suna gajarta. Amma yatsun tsuntsu, ya yi akasin haka, dogaye ne da tsayayye. Yawancin lokaci suna kama rassan bishiyoyi masu fadama da dazuzzuka.

Gefen heron yana da yawa kuma gajere ne kuma.

Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa na heron shine hanyar kama ganima akan koto.

Blue heron

Yana da ƙarami da girma, yayi kama da launin toka, amma shuɗi yana da launi. A kan kai, ana jefa fuka-fuki tare da burgundy. Kafafu da gashin tsuntsu suna da launin shuɗi-shuɗi.

Tsarin tsuntsu ya zama kamar farin heron. Kajin fuka-fukai suna kama da ita, kamar yadda aka haife su fararen fata tare da baƙar fata a fikafikan.

Siffar shuɗi shudi ne na Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. A can, tsuntsaye suke a kan tuddai na bishiyoyi. Yawancin mutane suna zaɓar ciyayi kusa da bakin tekun, amma akwai kuma masu ciyawar.

Blue da rawaya macaw

Ofaya daga cikin roan tsarukan parlots waɗanda ke ƙaunar ƙasashe. A cikinsu, macaw mai launin shuɗi-rawaya yana fitowa ba wai kawai launi ba, har ma da girma. Tsawon tsuntsu ya kai santimita 90. Hasalima daga cikinsu sun faɗi akan wutsiya.

Mai macaw mai launin shuɗi-da-rawaya mai nauyin kilogram ɗaya. Tare da taro mai ban sha'awa, tsuntsayen jinsunan suna tashi da kyau da sauri. Fikafikan suna tafiya a hankali. Fiye da ikon Mach.

Kamyshovka

Reeds wasu ƙananan tsuntsaye ne daga dangin tsararren tsari na Passeriformes. Wamwarin kankara na kan yi kama da lambun da ciyawa. Iyakar abin da kawai bambanci ita ce mafi faɗin murƙushewar goshin. Gashin fuka-fukafukan sun fi karfi sosai fiye da sauran girke-girke.

Reed yana kunshe a ciki tsuntsaye na fadama na Rasha. Ana samun tsuntsayen har zuwa Novosibirsk. Mafi yawan jama'a suna zaune a Turai.

Babban maharbi

Yana nufin yin gurnani. An rarraba su a duniya. Koyaya, rami yana samuwa ne kawai a cikin Eurasia. Anan tsuntsu ya zabi fadama da makiyaya da ambaliyar ruwa.

Tsawon jikin mitar bai wuce santimita 30 ba. Tsuntsu ya kai kimanin gram 200. Game da wannan adadin shine adadin snipe. Koyaya, m shine denser hadaddun, yana da ƙari mai ƙarfi kuma baya bambanta cikin tsayin wuya.

Mai shigowa

Ya kasance daga cikin mayaƙan manyan bindigogi, yana tsaye daga cikinsu saboda girman sa, game da girman maɓallin launin toka. Misalin kronshekpa, a hanya, shima launin toka ne, ba tare da tufkayoyi ba. Wani tsuntsu an rarrabe shi da gajerun kafafu kuma kawai bek mai lankwasa baki.

Curlew nests akan fadama daga tundra da iyakar arewa na yankin steppe. Mazaunin ya gutsure.

Akwai yawancin biyan kuɗi na Curlew. Wasu daga cikinsu, alal misali, yanada karan-tsaye, da kuma Littafin Layi.

Manya da ƙananan ƙananan ƙaura shima ya zauna a cikin fadama. Dukkan gemu biyu sun fi tsawon lokacin zama, kuma jikin mutum ya zama siriri.

Muryarta tayi kama da mai taƙasa, ƙarami da kuma amsawa. Wani kukan shaye-shaye ya ba ta. Ragowar tsuntsu yana da hankali kuma yayi kamari a cikin ciyawar ciyawar. Musamman, an yi zane da anta a cikin sautin reeds.

Bittern nasa ne a gidan heron. Daga cikinsu, tsuntsu yayi kama da tsarin launin toka. Bitaƙƙarfa kuma yana da tailan zagaye, gajeriyar wutsiya, fikafikan fuka-fuki. Gefen kuma yalwatacce ne, kuma ba bu kwari.

A tsayin daka, ɗan ƙaramin abu yana ƙasa da launin toka, game da santimita 80. Fashin feathery yana ɗaukar kimanin kilo 1.5.

Godwit

Zai iya zama babba, ƙarami, Kanada, tabo. Dukkansu suna cikin dangin siye ne. Godwits sune manyan wakilai. A waje, tsuntsaye suna kama da abubuwa masu kama da juna. Bambanci shine baki ya lanƙwasa. A cikin ɓarna, tip ɗin yana kallon ƙasa.

A cikin tsohuwar zamanin godwit, akwai jinsuna 7. Akwai burbushin 3 yanzu. Wanda ya mutu kusan shekaru miliyan 5 da suka gabata. Wani kuma ya ɓace daga fuskar Duniya shekaru miliyan 2 da suka gabata. Akwai kuma wani mahaifin wanda ya mutu a shekara miliyan 35 da suka gabata.

Ana samun ragowar tsohuwar tsuntsu a Faransa. Masana kimiyya suna ɗaukar tsohuwar godwit a matsayin tsaka-tsakin tsaran halitta, daga wacce kuma canjin yake gudana.

Mint

Slavs sun kira shi da gatari ko pickaxe. Suna motsawa a wurin aiki. Har ila yau, bi da tsuntsu minted wutsiya Ya kasance daga cikin blackbird, yana da rassa da yawa. Wakilan baƙi masu launin baki a cikin fadama. Haka kuma akwai makiyaya da kuma babban adadin. Na farko ya zabi wuraren tsaunuka, na biyu kuma zai zabi filayen.

Mint mai launin fata-bai fi 12 santimita ba. Tsuntsu ya kai kimanin gram 1. Kyauron baki na kai ya bambanta da fararen abun wuya a wuya. Bugu da ari, launin launi mai launin launin ruwan kasa tare da bayansa da fari-ja kan nono da ciki.

Doki

Sunansa wata amsa ce ga tambayar, wanda tsuntsaye suke rayuwa a cikin fadama. A skate nasa ne na wagtail, yayi kama da lark, amma siriri.

Sunan dutsen yana da alaƙar da sautinsa ke yi: - “Tsok, Tsok, Tsok”. Kuna iya jin waka a cikin rairayin mossy daga kan iyakar yamma da Rasha zuwa tafkin Baikal. A cikin Turai, skates ma gida, amma a Asiya akwai 'yan tsuntsaye.

Tsawon dutsen ya kai santimita 17. Abubuwan da aka fasalta suna yin gram 21-23. Fentin marmashi a cikin fentin launin shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa-launin toka-shuɗi.

Lapwing

Yana nufin wawaka. Daga cikin su, ana rarraftar da cinya ta hanyar katako akan kai da guntun hagu. Hatta cinya yana da haske. A cikin girkin tsuntsun akwai alamun launin shuɗi, koren shuɗi, mai haske mai haske.

Ba a da tsoro. Tsuntsayen suna ta birgima suna kururuwa a kan mutane, kamar kurma.

Caroline Toadstool

Tana sa sauti-kamar jaki. Kuna iya jin su a cikin fadama a cikin duhu - toadstool yana haifar da rayuwar da ba ta dace ba.

An zane Caroline man shafawa a sautunan launin toka-launin toka-toka-fari. Akwai farin streaks. A kan baki mai launin toka a lokacin bazara, tsiri mai yalwar baƙar fata ya bayyana.

Tsawon lokacin shafawar Caroline bai wuce santimita 40 ba. Girman tsuntsu kusan kilogram 0.5.

Osprey

Yana nufin shaho. Masu Slav sun yi amfani da sunan tsuntsu don tsara matan gida. Ba don komai ba ne cewa dangin Skopins-Shuyskys sun kasance. Sarkin masarauta ya ba shi lambar yabo.

Tsawon itacen osprey ya kai santimita 58, yana da kimanin kilo 1.5. Girman fikaf shine santimita 170.

Osprey yana da farin kai, wuya, kirji, ciki. Jiki na sama da fikafikan tsuntsun suna launin ruwan kasa. Akwai ƙuƙwalwar ƙwallon ƙafa a wuyansa.

Azumfalar gwal

Ciwan baki yana da jan alama. Shugaban tsuntsu yana da fari. Ragowar launin feathery launin shuɗi ne.

Girman azurfa yana da kusan santimita 60. Tsuntsun ya kai kilo kilo 1.5. A cikin fadama, wakilan nau'ikan sun zauna idan akwai buɗaɗɗun wurare, wuraren da suka mamaye.

Kozodoy

Wannan tsuntsu a cikin kwari fadamazabar wuraren da suke zagaye. Sunan saboda imani. A cikin tsohuwar zamanin, an yi imanin cewa gashin da aka fitar da daddare yana shan madarar akuya kuma yana sa su makanta. Tarihi ne. Yana cin kwari kawai kuma ba a haɗa shi da raunin gani a cikin garken.

Kwari ke yadu ba kawai a cikin fadama ba, har ma a kusa da gonaki. Abin da ya sa mutane suka ga awaki kusa da alkalami, garken.

Kozodoev game da ƙananan hukumomi 60. Dukkanin tsuntsaye masu matsakaici ne, tare da karami amma suke fadada baki a gindi da kuma sashen da aka ambata a bakinsa.

Derbnik

Karancin fallo ne. Kamar akuya, yakan zauna a gefen kwari, yana mamaye tsohuwar maɗauran hankaka. Karshen na iya zama a cikin peatlands.

Daga cikin falcons, dabrebnik shine mafi yawan launuka, masu haske. Cakuda launin toka, launin toka mai duhu, launin ruwan kasa, gashin fuka-fukan.

Jikin derbnik ya kai santimita 35, nauyin kuma shine gram 270. Kamar yadda ake tsammani falcon, mata sunkai kusan kashi uku cikin uku fiye da maza.

Arama

Wannan sirinjin makiyayi ne, yana zaune ne a cikin fadowar Kudancin Amurka. Tsawon kamannin shine santimita 66. Aram yana da kimanin kilogram 1.

Iyalin Aram sun haɗa da tsaka-tsakin nau'ikan tsakanin makiyayi da kwanduna. A karshen, tsuntsayen Kudancin Amurka sunyi kama da tsarin jiki da rushewa. Na'urar narkewa tana aiki tare da garken shanu.

Krachka –inca

Akin zuwa teku. Bi da tsuntsu a fadama tare da ciyayi mai yawa. Babban mazaunin nau'in halittu shine Amurka.

Ana kuma kiran da Krachka-Inca mustachioed, kamar yadda gashin fuka-fukan bakin ciki, masu bakin ciki suka rataye a gareshi biyu na bakin sa Sun zama dalilin wani sunan barkwanci - hussar.

Murfin gashin baki na Inca ya nuna fushin kafaffen karfe Gashin baki da na tsuntsu suna da ja. A tsayi, tsuntsu zai iya kaiwa santimita 40, amma bai cika nauyinsa ba sama da gram 250.

Nau'in Inch Krachk tare da tsawon gashin baki. Zasu iya kaiwa 5 santimita. Tsuntsayen da manyan gashin-baki suke tare da juna, suna ba da kajin masu tsayi. 'Ya'yan terns tare da gajerun gashin-baki, da wuya su girma sama da santimita 30 a tsayi.

Ba wai Kudancin Amurka kaɗai ba ne yake da wadataccen fadama ba. Akwai su da yawa a cikinsu Russia. A cikin ƙasar an mayar da hankali 37% na duk fadama a duniya. Musamman yawancin su a Siberiya. Ba abin mamaki bane, yawancin tsuntsayen daji waɗanda suka fito daga Kudancin Amurka da asalin Rasha.