Girman jikin beaver yakai kilogram 30, tsayin jikin mutum ya kai 1-1.5 m, mace yawanci kadan girma ne fiye da maza. A rodent yana da mara nauyi a wulakanci, kunnuwa ne karami, paws ne takaice, mai ƙarfi da iko claws. Uwar beaver ta ƙunshi yadudduka biyu: a saman akwai gashin kansa mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, kuma a ƙarƙashinsu akwai farin toka wanda ke kare beaver daga hypothermia. Wutsiyar ba dan komai ba ce, baƙar fata, ba ta da faɗi, an rufe ta da Sikeli. Kusa da gindin wutsiyar akwai gland guda biyu waɗanda ke samar da abu mai ƙanshi wanda aka sani da rafin beaver.
Siffofin Abinci na Beaver
'Yan beavers suna matsayin garkuwar dabbobi. Abincinsu ya haɗa da haushi da harbe daga bishiyoyi (Aspen, Willow, poplar, Birch), tsire-tsire iri iri (ruwan Lily, ƙaramin kwai, iris, cattail, Reed). Hakanan zasu iya cin hazel, linden, Elm, ceri tsuntsu. Acorns da yardar rai ci. Manyan hakora da kuma cizo mai ƙarfi beavers suna cin abinci mai tsabta iri iri, kuma microflora na hanjinsu shine ke narke abinci mai kyau.
Adadin abinci na yau da kullun da ake buƙata ya kai 20% na nauyin beaver.
A lokacin bazara, ciyawar ciyawa ta fi yawa a cikin abincin beavers; a damina, ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwayoyi suna girke ciyawar ciyawar don hunturu. Kowane iyali yana adana 60-70 m3 na itace. 'Yan bea suna barin hannun jari a cikin ruwa, inda suke kula da halayen abincinsu har zuwa ƙarshen hunturu.
Tsarin Beaver
Har zuwa karni na ashirin, beavers suna tartsatsi sosai, amma saboda yawan wargajewar su, mazaunin su ya ɗan ragu sosai kwanan nan. Ana samun nau'in beaver a Turai, Rasha, China da Mongolia. Abokinsa mafi kusanci, mai bibiyar Kanada, yana zaune a Arewacin Amurka.
Na kowa ko Beas Beaver (Castor fiber)
Tsawon jiki shine 1-1.3 m, tsayi kusan 35.5 cm, nauyi yana cikin kewayon 30-32 kg. Jikin ne squat, kafafu ya gajarta da yatsu biyar, kafafun hindu sun fi gaban gaba. Tsakanin yatsun suna membranes na ruwa. Claws suna da ƙarfi, lebur. Gashin yana da sihiri, mai lebur, ya kai cm 30 a tsayi, fadi 10-13 cm wutsiya yana fitowa kawai a gindin, ragowar farjinsa an rufe shi da garkuwa. Idanun suna kanana, kunnuwa suna da fadi, gajeru, dan kadan suna tsallake saman wando. A karkashin ruwa, an rufe kofofin kunne da hanci., Akwai membranes na musamman masu fitar da idanu. An bambanta masarautar ta kyakkyawa da kyawawan furcinsa, wadda aka yi da gashin amintaccen gashi da kuma farin siliki. Launin launi yana daga haske daga kirjin zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, wani lokacin baƙar fata. Wutsiya da ƙafafun baƙi ne. Shedding yana faruwa sau ɗaya a shekara.
A cikin yankin anal akwai wadatattun gland, wen da abin da ake kira "beaver flow", ƙanshi wanda ya zama jagora ga sauran beavers, yayin da yake bayar da rahoton iyakar iyali.
Abubuwan da aka fi sani da wake suna yaduwa a cikin Turai (ƙasashen Scandinavia, Faransa, Jamus, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine), a Rasha, Mongolia da China.
Kanada Kabilar Kanada (Castor canadensis)
Tsayin jiki 90-117 cm, nauyi kimanin 32 kg. Jiki yana zagaye, kirji yayi fadi, kai gajere ne tare da manyan kunnuwa duhu da idanu masu kauri. Launin gashi mai launin shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi. Tsawon wutsiya shine 20-25 cm, faɗin shine 13-15 cm, siffar kyakkyawa ce, an nuna ƙarshen, an rufe farfajiya da garkuwa horny baki.
Jinsin ya zama ruwan dare a Arewacin Amurka, Alaska, Kanada, Amurka, Mexico. An gabatar da shi ga kasashen Scandinavia da Russia.
Halayyar Beaver
Beavers yawanci suna zaune tare da gabar koguna na kogi, koguna da tabkuna. Ba su rayuwa a koguna masu yawa da kuma sauri, kazalika da wuraren ajiye ruwa wanda ke daskarewa zuwa ƙasa a cikin hunturu. Don waɗannan sandunan, ciyawar itace-iri-iri tare da bankunan wuraren tafki, da kuma yalwar ciyayin tsibirai da bakin tekun suna da mahimmanci. A wuraren da suka dace, suna gina madatsun ruwa daga bishiyoyin da suka faɗi, suna gina filayen kwari, kuma suna narke dabbobin zuwa madatsar ruwa.
Beavers suna da gidaje iri biyu: ɓarke da bukka. Gidajen suna kama da tsibiri masu iyo na ruwa na cakuda itace da laka, tsayin su ya kai mita 1-3, diamita har zuwa 10 m, ƙofar tana ƙarƙashin ruwa. A cikin irin wannan bukkoki, 'yan beapers suna kwana, suna yin abinci don hunturu, a ɓoye daga mafarauta.
An tono burrows ta hanyar burrows a kan tsaunukan tudu da tsaurara, waɗannan sune wuraren wahalar gida tare da hanyoyin shiga 4-5. Ganuwar da matakin rufi da tamp. A ciki, an saita ɗakuna na mazauni zuwa 1 m kuma 40-50 cm tsayi a zurfin of m 1. Kasa ta 20 cm sama da matakin ruwa.
'Yan Beavers suna iyo da kyau, a karkashin ruwa na iya zama mintoci 10-15, kuma yin iyo yayin wannan lokacin har zuwa 750 m.
Beavers suna rayuwa biyun a lokaci guda kuma iyalan mutane 5-8. Wannan dangi sun kwashe shekaru da yawa suna mamaye yankin sa. 'Yan beavers ba sa fita daga ruwa 200. Rirgiyoyi suna nuna iyakokin yankin tare da rafin beaver.
Babban lokutan ayyukan beaver shine dare da maraice.
Beaver kiwo
'Yan Beavers suna kamar matan aure. Kiwo yana faruwa sau ɗaya a shekara. Lokacin mating yana farawa a tsakiyar Janairu kuma zai ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen Fabrairu. Cutar ciki tana kwana 105-107. A cikin tsintsiya ɗaya, ana haife 1-6an 1-6 a watan Afrilu-Mayu. Yara an haife su rabin gani, kuma suna da kyau, nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 0.45. Bayan 'yan kwanaki daga baya suna iya rigaya iyo. Matar za ta koya musu yadda ake iyo, kuma fitar da su daga bukka zuwa cikin layin karkashin ruwa. A makonni 3-4, beavers sun fara ciyar da ganye da ganyayyaki na ganye, har zuwa watanni 3, mahaifiyar tana ciyar da su da madara. Matashi girma yana rayuwa tare da iyaye har zuwa shekaru biyu, bayan haka ya kai ga balaga har ya fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta.
A cikin zaman talala, beavers suna da tsawon rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 35, a yanayi na 10-17.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da sandent:
- Babbar ruwan dare ita ce mafi girma a Turai kuma ta biyu mafi girma a cikin duniya bayan capybara.
- Kalmar "beaver" ta fito ne daga yaren Indo-Turai sannan kuma ba ta cika bayyana sunan launin ruwan kasa ba.
- Har zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20, dusar ƙanƙara ta shahara sosai a Amurka, Turai, da Rasha, wanda ya haifar da raguwar yawan waɗannan dabbobin: mutane keɓe 6,8 na mutane 1200 suka ragu. Don adana kallo, an hana farauta biyun. Yanzu beaver na yau da kullun yana da ƙarancin haɗari, kuma babbar barazanar ita ce matakan ɗaukar ƙasa, gurɓataccen ruwa da tsirrai masu amfani da wutar lantarki.
- Baya ga kyakkyawar furfura mai kyan gani, mai dorewa, beavers shine tushen rafin beaver, wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin turare da magani. Nama mai nama yakan zama mai sa'a, amma yana iya ƙunsar ƙwayoyin salmonellosis. Dangane da coons coci ana daukar lemu ne.
- A shekara ta 2006, an gano wani abu mai ɗauke da bera a cikin garin Bobruisk (Belarus). Hakanan, zane-zane na wannan sandent suna cikin Zakin Alpine (Innsbruck, Austria).
Beaver: menene?
Manyan wakilai na ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin arewacin hemisphere sune beavers. Waɗannan dabbobin na musamman ne, tambaya me yasa? Yanzu zamu gaya muku ...
Wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna shayar da ginin sanannun madatsun ruwa. Me yasa suke gina su, kuma akwai wani amfani ga waɗannan tsarukan?
Anan ra'ayi biyu ne: fa'idodi - ya danganta ga wanene. Ga "masu zanen gini" da kansu, ba shakka, fa'idodin suna nan, amma ga mutane da wahala. Amma da farko, bari mu ƙara koyo game da nau'in beaver a yanayi da yadda suke.
Beaver (Castor).
Kuma akwai nau'i biyu kawai na waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa a duniya: bugu na Kanada da dangi na Turai. Dukkan wakilai na gidan beaver sun kai manyan girma: tsayin jikin mutum ya kai mita ɗaya, kuma wannan dabbar da take kwance tana da nauyin kilo 30. Dukkanin beavers na Turai da Kanada suna da cikakkiyar daidaituwa daga yanayin zuwa rayuwa a cikin yanayin yanayin ruwa: suna iyo sosai, suna da membranes na musamman akan cinyoyinsu na baya, suna da kayan aiki na musamman na bakin (wanda ke hana beaver daskarewa, koda kuwa yana buɗe bakinsa a ƙarƙashin ruwa), sannan kuma akwai wani farin ruwa a ciki wanda yake hana fata samun danshi gaba daya. Anan ga sirrin cin nasarar madatsun ruwa: mai gemu gaba daya baya tsoron ruwa!
Canadianan Kanada Beaver (Castor canadensis).
Gidajen biranen Kanada sune yankuna na Arewacin Amurka. Wani dangi dan asalin Amurka na Yammacin Turai ya zauna a yankin Eurasi (na Turai da na Asiya). Don jin daɗin rayuwa, bea zaɓi kawai gefen gawawwakin ruwa: rafuffuka, ƙananan tafkuna, wuraren shakatawa, ƙananan koguna masu jinkiri. Wasu lokuta ana samun su a cikin gandun daji na daji. Amma abin da ke tantance lokacin da za a zabi wurin zama na beaver har yanzu kasancewar bishiyoyi suna haɓaka kusanci da ruwa, har ma ya fi kyau idan koransu sun cika cikin ruwa.
Beaver yana neman gida.
Kasancewar ya sauka a bakin gaci, bea yana jagorantar zaman rayuwa. Bayan haka, wurin zama da aka zaba zai iya zama gida don tsararraki dayawa. Af, waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa sun fi son zama a cikin nau'i-nau'i ko a cikin iyalai, ba don haɗuwa da su daban-daban ba.
Mai gemu yakan tafi gidansa da hanyar da aka buge.
Yanzu game da buƙatar gina madatsun ruwa ... waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna yin irin waɗannan manyan-gine-ginen don magance matakan rage ruwa a lokacin bazara. Farawa daga bangarorin da aka yi da yumbu da laka (wanda suka yadu akan ruwan marasa ruwa), beavers suna ginin tushen “bango”. Daga nan sai suka fitar da wani abu kamar firam ɗin manyan labulensu, suna ƙarfafa shi da ƙananan rassa, laka da yumɓu na yumɓu. Ta haka ne “tafki bututu, ta toshe kogin. A wata hanyar ana kiranta dam beaver. Tsawon madatsar ruwa yakai mita 15 zuwa 30, amma akwai lokuta idan wannan darajar ta kai mita 700!
Yayin aikin madatsar ruwa.
Ayyukan Beaver suna bayyana kanta da dare. Da farkon duhu, wadannan dabbobin suna neman abinci, suna kuma gina madatsun ruwa - da dare. Haɗuwa da wannan dabba lokacin rana wata ƙazamar yanayi ce.
Saurari muryar beaver
Beavers suna magana da juna da ƙarfi. Amma akwai ƙarin dabara: idan akwai haɗari, ɗaya daga cikin membobin gidan beaver yana tsawa sa wutsiyarsa cikin ruwa, don haka ya gargadi wasu cewa abokan gaba suna kusa. A wannan lokacin, daukacin dangi ya shiga cikin ruwa ya jira na wani lokaci a cikin bukka.
Wasu 'yan beavers suna girbi abinci don hunturu.
A matsayin abinci, waɗannan dabbobin sun fi son ƙananan rassa, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su tare da haɓakar ɗan itacen fure a kansu. Wani lokacin, don kaiwa ga kambin itacen bishiyar, beavers kawai sai suyi zugum a jikin akwati su juji shi.
A dabi'a, ana farauta beavers, ban da mutane, ta dabbobi kamar su: wolf, coyote, lynx da bear.
Guda biyu na tutocin Turai (Castor fiber).
Game da kiwo na 'yan beavers ... waɗannan dabbobi masu haɗari suna samar da wata mace sau ɗaya kuma don rayuwa. A cikin takin zamani (mafi yawa a tsakiyar da ƙarshen hunturu), mace tana ɗauke da maraƙi kimanin watanni 3.5. Haihuwar haihuwa tana faruwa ne a ƙarshen bazara. 'Ya'yan beavers suna iya nutsuwa da kansu cikin ruwa kuma sun rigaya iyo a rana ta biyu bayan haihuwa.
A dabi'a, beavers suna rayuwa sama da shekaru 10, amma a cikin halin bauta wannan lokacin ya karu zuwa shekaru 35!
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Habitat
'Yan Beavers sun kasance a cikin dangin Castaridae, gami da halittar halittar Castor kadai da kuma jinsuna 2:
- ruwan wake (Castor fiber) (aka kogi ko gabas),
- Canadianabilar Kanada (aka Arewacin Amurka) (Castor canadensis).
A yau, ana samun bea na Arewacin Amurka a duk faɗin nahiyar, tun daga bakin Kogin Mackenzie a Kanada kudu da arewacin Mexico. Amma hakan ba koyaushe yake ba. Mutane sun yi ta farautar waɗannan dabbobin tun ƙarni saboda nama, ja, da rafin beaver. Sakamakon haka, a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, adadin mutanen Kanada sun zama masu mahimmanci, kuma a yawancin wuraren zama an kusan lalata su, musamman a gabashin Amurka. Hukumomin kula da muhalli na jihohi da na gida sun yi kararrawa, kuma dabbobi sun fara kwashewa daga wasu wuraren. Hakanan an gabatar da su a cikin Finland, Russia, da kuma a wasu ƙasashe na Tsakiyar Turai (Jamus, Austria, Poland). Ofaya daga cikin mafi yawan yawan ƙwayoyin Kanada a yau yana cikin kudu maso gabashin Finland.
Koyaushe beaver ya taɓa zama cikin Turai da Arewacin Asiya, amma ba duk alƙalumman da suka sami damar tsira daga ƙofar gaba ga mutane ba. Ya zuwa farkon karni na 20, mutane kalilan ne suka rasa rayukansu yayin da adadin mutane 1200 suka rayu a Faransa, Norway, Jamus, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, China da Mongolia.
Sakamakon farfadowa da shirye-shiryen sake tsugunar da waɗannan dabbobin, waɗanda suka fara aiki a farkon rabin ƙarni na ƙarshe, adadin mashaya gama ya fara girma. A farkon karni na XXI, akwai kimanin mutane dubu 500-600, kuma mazauninsu ya bazu a Turai da Asiya.
Ana samun nau'ikan biyu a cikin ƙasar Rasha a yau, kodayake beaver shine asalin mazaunin. Girmanta ya ƙunshi kusan dukkanin yankin daji na Tarayyar Rasha - daga kan iyakokin yamma zuwa yankin Baikal da Mongolia, kuma daga yankin Murmansk a arewa zuwa Astrakhan a kudu. Kari akan haka, wannan nau'in ya sami karbuwa sosai a Primorye da Kamchatka.
Babbar Kanada a cikin ƙasarmu ta bayyana a karni na 50 na ƙarni na ƙarshe, suna cin gashin Karelia da Leningrad na Yankin daga yankuna na maƙwabta na Finland, kuma a cikin 70s an gabatar da wannan dabbar a cikin kogin Amur da Kamchatka.
Bayanin Beaver
Bayyanar beaver ya sha bamban sosai da bayyanar sauran wakilan ƙungiyar masu ruwa da tsaki, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar rayuwar milkin gwarzo. Daga ra'ayi na masanin ilmin halitta, alamuran dabbar suna da manyan abubuwan fashewa, lebur mai ratsa jiki da kafaffun kafafu na musamman da yatsar “daskarewa” ta yatsu na biyu, da kuma wasu abubuwan fasahar sifar halittar mai aiki da narkewa.
Beavers sune mafi girman hadarin fauna na Tsohuwar Duniya da ta biyu mafi girma bayan tafin Amurkawa na Kudancin Amurka. Jikin dabba squat ne, mai yawa, yana da kamannin fuskoki, sashen shi na gaba yana da fadi, kawai a gindin wutsiya sai ya narke sosai. Tsawon Jikin 80 - 120 cm. Manya suna ɗaukar nauyin kilo 20-30, da wuya nauyin ya kai kilo 45. Girman nau'ikan Kanada yana da ɗan girma fiye da yadda aka saba.
Relativelyan ƙaramin kai mai zagaye tare da mai tawali'u da kauri lokacin kusan bai juya ba. Idanun suna kanana, tare da ɗalibin ɗalibai na tsaye da ƙwaƙwalwar walƙiya bayyananne (don kare idanun a ƙarƙashin ruwa). Kunnuwa suna ƙarami, da ɗan guntu daga Jawo. Abubuwan bude idanu na waje da hanci suna da tsokoki na musamman waɗanda suke kwangila lokacin da aka nitse cikin ruwa. Yankunan lebe na iya rufewa a bayan allurar da ke dauke da kai, suna keɓe bakin kogon, wanda ke bawa beavers damar cinye ciyayi a cikin ruwa ba tare da buɗe bakinsu ba.
Idanun dabbobi suna amsa kusan kusan motsawa ne kawai, mara gani mai kyau fiye da ramawa don kyakkyawar ji da ƙanshin, waɗanda sune ainihin ji akan ƙasa.
Wutsiya tana da faɗi, tazarar cm 30, tsayi 13 cm, kuma tana gajarta da fadi a cikin yar beran Kanada. An rufe ɓangaren oar mai siffar wutsiya tare da manyan sikeli na jaraba, waɗanda a cikinsu akwai barfin wuya da wuya.
Hannun yatsun kafa biyar, gajeru, da cikakke dabarun yin iyo a kafafun kafa (a saman kafafunsu suna kanana). Kafafun gaba suna da rauni fiye da na baya kuma dabbobi suna amfani da su kamar hannaye - tare da taimakonsu, mai bea yana jan abubuwa, ya tona tashoshi da ramuka, yana sarrafa abinci. Babban sashin motsi na dabbobi shine kafafu na baya. A yatsun kafa na biyu na hindatu akwai wani kambori mai rauni, wanda ya kunshi sassa biyu: babba - babba da ƙananan - fararen fararen baƙi, waɗanda suke daɗaɗan motsin juna. Dabbar tana amfani da wannan kambori don dalilai na tsabta - tana tsaftacewa kuma tana shafa gashi da ita lokacin da ta narke, kuma tana cire cututtukan fata.
Jawo beaver shine launin ruwan kasa mai haske zuwa baki, mafi yawan launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi.Wasu lokuta ana samun daidaiton mutane daban-daban tare da aibobi daban-daban na tabarau. Jirgin ruwan sama ya yi kauri, launin toka mai duhu. Partashin jikin mutum shine farji.
An lura cewa nau'in launin ruwan kasa mai haske yana da tsufa a launi, ya tsira daga lokacin kankara, saboda haka irin waɗannan beavers sun fi dacewa da yanayin sanyi, yayin da galibi ana samun yawancin launuka masu duhu a yawancin mazaunan kudu.
Rayuwa
Beavers koyaushe suna zaune kusa da ruwa. Mahalli da suka fi so suna daɗewa, kwararar ruwa ko kwararar kwari Babban abin yanke hukunci game da wani tafki shine samar da abinci - tsirrai-bishiyoyi. Willows da Aspen sun fi ƙaunar dabbobi. Rodungiyar mai guje wa manyan koguna da ambaliyar ruwa mai girma, tunda za a iya ambaliyar da mazauninta.
Beavers suna jagorancin salon rayuwa. Yawancin shekara, suna aiki a lokutan faɗakarwar dare da maraice, suna barin mafaka a faɗuwar rana da dawowa da asuba. A cikin hunturu, a arewacin latitude, lokacin da aka rufe madatsun kankara da kankara, koyaushe dabbobin suna zama a cikin bukka ko a cikin kankara, tunda zazzabi a can ya kasance kusan 0 ° C, yayin da waje yayi sanyi sosai.
A doron ƙasa, beaver zai ba da alama wata dabba mai laushi kuma mai sanyin hankali, lokacin da suka zagaya, suna dogaro da manyan kafafun ƙafafun da gajerun goshi. Koyaya, idan akwai haɗari, sai ya faɗa zuwa ruwan.
Daga cikin dukkanin rodents, gwarzonmu ya fi dacewa da motsawa cikin ruwa. Jikinta mai kamannin ruwa ya kwarara, kuma ulu baya wuce ruwa. A hankali yana iyo kusa da saman tabkuna, a hankali yana motsa motsinsa, yayin da wutsiyar take a matsayin wani irin sikirin mai tuwo a kwarya. Lokacin yin ruwa ko ruwa a saurin sama, ƙwanƙolin zai iya huda wutsiyarsa sama da ƙasa kuma lokaci guda tare da gwiwoyin baya.
Kamar gatarin gwal, abin da ya sa ya ci gaba da hakora ana karfafa su sosai. Soasan da ke ƙasa yana daɗaɗa sauri, yana haifar da kaifi kamar-bakin, yana sauƙaƙa yanke bishiyoyi. Dabba tare da kaifin karshinta zasu iya daskarar da wata itaciya da za suyi kauri har tsawon mita daya. Kamar kowane rodents, beavers suna da manyan incisors, suna girma a daidai wannan gudun da suke niƙa.
A cikin hoto, beaver yana nuna fitattun kayan aikinsa.
Wannan abin da mai ƙarfi zai iya yi tare da bishiyoyi
Dambe da bukkoki
Wataƙila kowa da kowa ya ji labarin hikimar gini na waɗannan dabbobi. Saboda gajiyawar su, masu gyaran bea sunsan yadda zasu dace da wurin don biyan bukatun su. Madatsar ruwa da suke haifar da karuwar banbancin muhalli, fadada wuraren ruwa, kara girma da ingancin ruwa, da gyara yanayin kasar. A matsayin tushen madatsar ruwa, itacen da ya fadi a ƙarshen rafin ana yawanci amfani dashi. An cika shi da rassa, sassan sassan jikin bishiyoyi, duwatsun, ƙasa, ciyayi, har sai dam ɗin ta kai tsawan mita 100 (gefan dam ɗin yana ta haɓaka nesa da tashoshin), kuma tsayinsa ya kai mita uku. A wannan yanayin, bambancin matakin ruwa ya kai mita biyu. Yana faruwa da dangi ya gina magudanan ruwa da yawa lokaci guda, sakamakon hakan an samar da gidan dumbin tafkuna. Rodents suna da himma sosai wajen aikin gina madatsun ruwa a damuna da damina, kodayake aikin na iya ci gaba duk shekara.
Dam Dam
Beavers ƙwararrun bokaye ne. Yawancin lokaci, suna haƙa ramuka masu yawa a cikin gidan mallakar, wanda zai iya zama kofofin haɓaka ko kuma ɗakunan labyrinth waɗanda ke kan gaba daga rafi ko dam zuwa ɗakuna ɗaya ko sama. A yawancin halittu, wadannan dabbobin suna amfani da burrows a matsayin mafaka na farko.
Ya yi kama da bukin beaver
Wani zabin don gidan gabar teku shine bukka. Mabiyan bea suna yin ginin a waɗancan wurare inda tsarin ramuka ba zai yuwu ba. Dabbobin suna amfani da tsohuwar kututture, ƙasan rami ko kuma rafting a matsayin tushen bukka. A waje, irin wannan mazaunin babban katako ne na katako, yanki na kututturen katako, wanda duniya take ɗauka, rami, tarkace. A ciki, an shirya ɗakin ɗakin gida, daga inda akwai nassi a ƙarƙashin ruwa. A matsakaita, diamita daga bukka ya kai mita 3-4. Morearin rikitattun wurare suna da ɗakuna da yawa a matakan daban-daban. Gidajen na iya zama na ɗan lokaci da dindindin, ana amfani da su shekaru da yawa. Latterarshen ana kammala su koyaushe kuma yana iya kaiwa mita 14 a diamita kuma sama da mita biyu ba tsayi.
Daga cikin sauran ayyukan ginin beaver, tono rake shine mafi ƙarancin wahala. Tare da goshinsu, sun kankama zube da datti daga kasan kananan koguna da hanyoyin boge, suna zubar da su daga hanyar su. Hanyoyin da suka biyo baya suna barin dabbobi su kasance cikin ruwa, suna motsawa tsakanin madatsun ruwa ko wuraren ciyarwa. Don mafi yawan ɓangaren, rodents suna yin wannan a lokacin rani, lokacin da ruwan yake ƙasa.
Ya kamata a sani cewa 'yan Kanada suna da kwazo da himma fiye da na yau da kullun. Gininsu ya fi rikitarwa kuma mai dorewa, tunda suna amfani da duwatsu sosai cikin gini.
Abincin
Beavers dabbobi ne na dabbobi masu kyau. Abun abincinsu na iya canzawa lokaci-lokaci. A cikin bazara da bazara, tushen abincinsu ya zama ganye, Tushen, ganye, algae. Ta hanyar kaka, suna canzawa zuwa rassan bishiyoyi na bakin ciki da bishiyoyi, suna fifita Aspen, Willow ko alder.
An fara a tsakiyar Oktoba, rodents fara girbi abincin itace don hunturu. Zai iya zama rassan lokacin farin ciki har ma da sassan sassan jikin Aspen, Willow, ceri tsuntsu, alder, Birch, da kuma karamin adadin conifers. An sare bishiyoyi da aka jefa cikin kananan dabbobi kuma an adana su a karkashin ruwa a wurare masu zurfi kusa da burrows da masauki. 'Yan beavers na iya iyo ruwa zuwa jigilar kayayyaki a ruwa ba tare da barin kwanciyar ruwa ba.
Idan babu isasshen ciyarwar itace, dabbobin suna gamsu da ciyawar ciyayi. Lokaci-lokaci akan kai hare-hare kan gidajen lambun da lambun kayan lambu suna yiwuwa.
Yawancin bea na Turai ba sa tara lokacin hunturu. Madadin haka, suna zuwa bakin teku a cikin hunturu don neman abinci.
Kogin Beaver
Halin halayyar dabbobi shine kasancewar “rafin beaver” wanda glandon keɓaɓɓu ya samar. Abu ne mai hadaddun abubuwa wanda ya kunshi daruruwan kayan aikin, wadanda suka hada da giyar mashayi, sinadarai, salicylaldehyde da kastoramine. Sunan kimiyya na wannan kayan itace castoreum.
Tuni tun zamanin da, allahntaka kaddarorin kaddarorin da aka dangana ga beaver rafi. A cikin karni na Y-IY BC Hippocrates da Herodotus sun lura da fa'idar aikinta na lura da wasu cututtuka. Kuma a yau wannan kayan ya sami aikace-aikace a cikin maganin mutane, amma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin turare.
Beaver din yana amfani da sirrinta mai kyau don dalilai na alamar. Alamun kamshi sune daya daga cikin hanyoyin da jarumawanmu ke musanya bayanai. Dukansu jinsunan Kanada da kogin suna barin alamomin wari a kan motsi da aka gina kusa da ruwa daga ɓoye da tsire-tsire da aka ɗaga daga ƙashin tafki.
Dangantaka ta iyali
Mafi yawan lokuta, beavers suna zaune a cikin gungun dangi (yankuna), amma akwai mutane waɗanda suka fi son salon rayuwa mai kaɗaici. A kan filayen abinci mara kyau, yawan dabbobi guda ɗaya na iya kaiwa zuwa 40%.
Iyalin sun hada da ma'aurata da suka manyanta, 'ya' yan shekara na yanzu, 'Ya'yan bara, wani lokacin kuma onean shekaru ɗaya ko fiye da matasa daga cikin magunan da suka gabata. Girman iyali na iya kaiwa ga mutane 10-12.
Matsayi a cikin mulkin an gina shi bisa ga ka'idar shekaru, tare da mafi girman matsayin ma'aurata manya. Bayyanar bayyanar tsokanar ta jiki ba ta da yawa, kodayake ana iya lura da ɓoɓo a cikin wutsiyoyi a cikin yawan ɗaruruwan mashaya. Wannan shine sakamakon yaƙin da baƙi kusa da kan iyakokin ƙasa.
Nau'i-nau'i a cikin waɗannan masussumai masu ɗorewa ne kuma sun dawwama cikin tsawon rayuwar abokan. Rukunin dangin sun tabbata, wani bangare saboda karancin kiwo. Suna kawo brood guda ɗaya a shekara, a ciki daga 1 zuwa 5 cubs a cikin wata karamar al'ada, a cikin canjin Kanada yana da girma - har zuwa 8 cubs. Koyaya, mafi yawan lokuta a cikin brood akwai ƙwatanda yakai biyu.
Gasar yana farawa a cikin Janairu (a kudu na kewayon) kuma yana gudana har zuwa Maris. Cutar ciki tana kwana 103-110.
Sighted jariri, densely pubescent, tare da rikicewar ƙananan incisors. Uwa tana ciyar da jariran da madara (wanda yafi sau 4 sau biyu fiye da madara saniya) na kimanin sati 6, kodayake yana da makonni biyu, masu bi da suka fara dandana kumatun iyayensu. Lokacin da yake wata 1, saurayi ya fara barin hankali a hankali ya bar maza ya ci nasu.
Yayin da yara ƙanana, mahaifin yakan ciyar da mafi yawan lokaci don kare tsarin dangi: tsare kan iyakoki da barin alamu ƙanshin. Mace a wannan lokacin tana kan aikin ciyar da jarirai da kulawa da su. Yaran sun girma da sauri, amma suna buƙatar watanni masu yawa don yin ƙwarewa don sanin gwanin ginin dam ko bukkoki. Iyaye suna koyar da su shiga cikin duk abubuwan da suka shafi iyali, gami da gini.
Yawancin lokaci, matasa suna barin dangin su kuma suna neman ƙasar su ta gaba riga a cikin shekararsu ta biyu kuma suna jagorantar rayuwa ta kai kaɗai har sai sun sami ma'aurata.
Budurwa ta balaga tana faruwa a shekara ta biyu na rayuwa, amma mace yawanci suna fara haifuwa ne a cikin shekaru 3-5 na rayuwa.
Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar beaver a cikin yanayi shine shekaru 17-18, Kanada - shekaru 20. Koyaya, a cikin vivo da wuya su rayu fiye da shekaru 10. Matsakaicin shekarun waɗannan ƙwaƙwalwar da aka rubuta a cikin gandun daji ya kai shekaru 30.
Sadarwa
Baya ga yiwa yankin alama, beavers suna tattaunawa da juna tare da taimakon murkushe wutsiyarsu a cikin ruwa. Wannan shine yawanci yadda tsofaffi ke gaya wa baƙi cewa an gan su. Arfin da ya mamaye yankin da aka mamaye shi yana mai da martani, yana ba shi damar tantance girman manufar sa da kuma matsayin barazanar da ya ke fuskanta.
Wata hanyar sadarwa ita ce ta hanyoyi daban-daban, har da muryoyi: dabbobi suna iya yin gurnani da gulma.
Amfanin da illolin beavers
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, an san masalarin bea saboda sha'awar ginin su: suna shirya ƙauyuka, suna ƙirƙirar madatsun ruwa wanda zai daidaita matsayin ruwa a jikin ruwa. A sakamakon haka, ruwa na iya mamaye manyan wurare na gandun da kuma lalata shi. Ciyawar ciyawa da hanyoyi na iya wahala.
Batu na biyu mara kyau shine cewa madatsun ruwa sun kara dagula yanayin kifayen, kasancewar wani shingen inji don kifayen kifayen, farin kifi, kifin kifi da kifayen kifayen da ake amfani dasu a kananan koguna.
Yanzu bari mu kalli ayyukan wadannan dabbobin daga wannan bangaren. Tsawon lokaci, madatsar ruwan beaver da ke kan kogin ya jinkirta narkewa da ruwan hadari, kuma wannan yana rage yiwuwar ambaliyar ruwa yayin ambaliyar, rage kasa da guguwar bakin teku, gajarta lokacin bazara mara ruwa, kuma yana taimakawa wajen dawo da tsarin magudanan ruwa da rafukan da aka lalata sakamakon ayyukan dan adam. Duk wannan yana sanya gandun dajin ba shi da m, sabili da haka ba shi da haɗari ga gobarar daji.
Saurin rage hauhawar ruwan kogin, madatsun yana kara tara tarin kayan aiki, samarda tsarin gurbataccen yanayi wanda zai cire kazamar cutar daga ruwa. Bugu da kari, gawarwakin halittar ruwa na haifar da wasu fa'idodi, kamar, alal misali, haɓaka bambancin muhalli.
Har ila yau, 'yan beaers suna inganta tushen kiwo, barewa, ciyar da “sharar gida” na kayan da ake amfani da su wajen gina madatsun ruwa, kuma wannan, a sa'iban, yana jan dabbobi da ke cin naman mutane.
Don haka, wadannan dabbobin suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a tsarin tsarin ruwa, kuma mutum zai iya fadada iliminsa game da bukatun ilimin halittu da kuma kirkiro dabarun da zasu ba mutane da masu bi damar amfani da shimfidar wuri tare.