A cikin jerin wan wasan dabbobin ruwa akwai wani tsuntsu wanda ba a san shi ba, sunan shi shine siyayyen-beak. Me yasa aka kira wannan tsuntsu? Komai abu ne mai sauqi: kalli dai beak!

Wannan bangare na jikin tsuntsu yayi kama da na sikila. Mene ne bambanci tsakanin wannan tsuntsu da takwarorinta masu kyau?

Kwayar cutar sankarau tsuntsaye ne masu tsananin tashi. Suna da ƙarfi kuma masu saurin kai, waɗanda aka basu ikon iya zama cikin ruwa.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa a cikin daji, kawai za ku iya jin karar magana, ku gan ta da idanunku - raren. Wannan sa'ar ba kowa bace!

Wadannan tsuntsayen suna da hankali sosai. Kari akan haka, suna da kyamarar kamara mai ban sha'awa, wacce aka bayar ta yanayi: launin gashin fuka-fukai da beben mai siffa suna taimaka musu su haɗa kai tare da tsaunukan bakin teku da dutse, waɗanda keke-sane suke amfani da mafi yawan lokacinsu. Zaman saman jikin wadannan wakilan wakar an zana shi da launin toka-shuɗi.

Masanan ilimin kimiyyar halitta wadanda suka sami damar ganin marassa lafiya, lura cewa wadannan tsuntsayen sun fi yawa a cikin nau'i-nau'i. Su kaxai ko cikin manyan qungiyoyi, suna qoqarin kada su riqe.

Sickbeaks tsuntsaye ne masu matsakaici, kodayake ana ɗaukarsu manyan manya ne. Tsawon jikin su shine santimita 41, yawan manya ya kai gram 300. Umwaya yana da launin toka mai haske, a kirji akwai madaidaicin tsiri ta baki. A saman ɓangaren kai da “ƙuƙwalwa” kuma ana fentin su baki. Yankin na ciki fari ne. Gashin baki ya sunkuya, ya na bakin ciki da kunkuntar, fentin a cikin sautin ja mai santsi.

Sickbeaks suna zaune a tsaunukan Asiya ta Tsakiya. Ana iya samun su a cikin yankin daga shimfida daga Lake Issyk-Kul har zuwa iyakar kudu na Manchuria. Sickbeaks kuma suna zaune a Tajikistan. Suna jagorantar mafi yawan salon rayuwa, yana motsawa a cikin lokacin sanyi zuwa ƙananan yankuna masu tsayi (abin da ake kira ƙaura tsaye). Babban wuraren zama na marassa lafiya shine tsaunin tsauni daga tsauni 2,000 zuwa 3,000 mita sama da matakin teku. Wasu lokuta ana samunsu a sama.

Marasa lafiya tsuntsaye ne masu kwari, suna samun abincin su tsakanin duwatsu, haka ma yankin bakin teku, cikin ruwa mara zurfi. Samu nasarar farautar waɗannan tsuntsayen suna taimaka wa bakinsu mai baki. Koyaya, ban da kwari da lardin su, marassa lafiya a wasu lokutan suna cike da karamin kifi. Kamar yadda kake gani, ruwan da mazaunanta suna taka rawa sosai a rayuwar maƙarƙashiyar mara lafiya, saboda haka ba zai zauna inda babu matattarar ruwa kusa ba.

Amma game da haifuwa daga cikin wadannan tsuntsaye, lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin ta fara a tsakiyar Maris. Cututtukan ƙwayoyi a wannan lokacin suna zama ta hannu da babu makawa Koyaya, yawan zubar da makamashi baya dauke masu rashin karfin gwiwa. Sickbeaks suna shirya mazaunin su don bunƙasa kajin nan gaba a kan ƙaramar ko taƙarar dutse.

Abubuwan da gidan da aka gina shine duwatsun. Leaya daga cikin mata mara lafiya ta sa ƙwai huɗu a cikin hutu a cikin mazauni, suna da launin toka, wanda ke sa su yi kama da duwatsun kuma yana kare su daga abokan gaba.

Yawan marassa lafiya, duk da yawan fa'ida, yayi kadan.

Saurari muryar mara lafiya

Sickbeaks tsuntsaye ne masu matsakaici, kodayake ana ɗaukarsu manyan manya ne. Tsawon jikin su shine santimita 41, yawan manya ya kai gram 300. Umwaya yana da launin toka mai haske, a kirji akwai madaidaicin tsiri ta baki. A saman ɓangaren kai da “ƙuƙwalwa” kuma ana fentin su baki. Yankin na ciki fari ne. Gashin baki ya sunkuya, ya na bakin ciki da kunkuntar, fentin a cikin sautin ja mai santsi.

Sigar bugun mara lafiya na taimaka masa ya zama marar ganuwa daga tushen duwatsu.

Sickbeaks suna zaune a tsaunukan Asiya ta Tsakiya. Ana iya samun su a cikin yankin daga shimfida daga Lake Issyk-Kul har zuwa iyakar kudu na Manchuria. Sickbeaks kuma suna zaune a Tajikistan. Suna jagorantar mafi yawan salon rayuwa, yana motsawa a cikin lokacin sanyi zuwa ƙananan yankuna masu tsayi (abin da ake kira ƙaura tsaye). Babban wuraren zama na marassa lafiya shine tsaunin tsauni daga tsauni 2,000 zuwa 3,000 mita sama da matakin teku. Wasu lokuta ana samunsu a sama.

Gefen waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da launin ja mai haske.

Marasa lafiya tsuntsaye ne masu kwari, suna samun abincin su tsakanin duwatsu, haka ma yankin bakin teku, cikin ruwa mara zurfi. Samu nasarar farautar waɗannan tsuntsayen suna taimaka wa bakinsu mai baki. Koyaya, ban da kwari da lardin su, marassa lafiya a wasu lokutan suna cike da karamin kifi. Kamar yadda kake gani, ruwan da mazaunanta suna taka rawa sosai a rayuwar maƙarƙashiyar mara lafiya, don haka ba zai zauna inda babu matattarar ruwa kusa ba.

Marasa lafiya a cikin neman abinci.

Amma game da haifuwa daga cikin wadannan tsuntsaye, lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin ta fara a tsakiyar Maris. Cututtukan ƙwayoyi a wannan lokacin suna zama ta hannu da babu makawa. Koyaya, yawan zubar da makamashi baya dauke masu rashin karfin gwiwa. Sickbeaks suna shirya mazaunin su don bunƙasa kajin nan gaba a kan ƙaramar ko taƙarar dutse.

Jirgin Sama mai Sickbeak.

Abubuwan da gidan da aka gina shine duwatsun. Leaya daga cikin mata mara lafiya ta sa kusan ƙwai huɗu a cikin hutu na mazaunin, suna da launin toka, wanda ke sa su yi kama da duwatsu kuma yana kare su daga abokan gaba.

Yawan marassa lafiya, duk da yawan fa'ida, yayi kadan.

Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.

Rayuwa.

Mazaunan tsaunuka. Tsuntsu mai sauka ko yawo. Da wuya. Gidaje a kan tudu masu cike da tsibiran tsibiri na rafuffuka na dutse daban-daban. A gida ne m rami yi liyi tare da lebur lebur.

Clutch a farkon - tsakiyar watan Mayu, ya ƙunshi 3-4 kore-launin toka mai launin shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa-ƙwai. Idan akwai haɗari, mace ta ɓoye a ɓoye kuma ta tafi, ba sau da yawa ta ɓoye, tare da kajin, iyayen sun tashi tare da kuka kan wani mutum.

A lokacin farauta, kyakkyawan hankali. Muryar ita ce sautin muryar mawaƙa na "tee, tee." Yana ciyarwa ta shiga cikin ruwa kusan ciki da saukar kansa da wuya a ciki. Yana ciyar da kwari da lardin su, ƙananan kifi.

Tsuntsu mai haɗari, yana buƙatar kariya. Fuska mai lankwasa da halayyar canza launi na ba ka damar sanin sanancin bakin a kallo.

Bayanin

Mafi girman sandpiper: tsawon jikin 38-41 cm, nauyi 270-300 g. Mace yawanci suna da girma fiye da maza. Babban launi daga cikin bugun tsohuwar marassa lafiya a cikin fitowar ta mace ita ce launin shudi mai haske, saman kai, goshi, tsintsinan gaba da bayan kai, frenum, makogwaro da tsiri a kirjin su baki-kasa-kasa. Gefen baya da fuka-fuki suna da launin toka-launin toka. Gefan kai, wuya, goiter da ƙananan baya suna da launin toka-toka. Kafafu sunyi ja ja. Siffar halayyar bishiyoyin doguwar fata ce (7-8 cm) da bakin ciki, bakin ciki mai launin shuɗi mai haske. Da shi, lebarfin mara lafiya yakan nemi ganima tsakanin duwatsun a ƙasan koguna da tafkuna, yana nutsar da kansa cikin ruwa.

Habitat da mazauninsu

Marasa lafiya suna da yawa a cikin Asiya ta Tsakiya da Himalayas, daga tafkin Issyk-Kul zuwa iyakar kudu da Manchuria, ana samun su a cikin ƙananan rukunin mutane tare da ƙananan kogunan dutse da koguna, duk da haka, squirrels suna guje wa koguna tare da saurin gudu. Sickbeaks suna zaune a yankuna masu tsaunuka a tsaunin 1700 zuwa 4500 m sama da matakin teku. A cikin hunturu, suna yin ƙaura zuwa ƙananan wurare, kuma ana samun su a cikin ƙafa, amma da wuya. A Rasha, ana ganin bugun jini a cikin Altai, inda 'yan ƙalilan ne kawai suka tashi.

Hakanan, suna zaune a tsaunukan Tsakiyar Tsakiya da Arewacin Tien, a cikin Kazakhstan a gefen kwarin koguna Manya da Kananan Almaty, Chilik, Issyk, Karkara, Bayankol, Dzhungarsky Alatau, da Choldysu.

Kiwo

Ickasassun ƙwayar cuta ba sa son irin nasu, saboda haka, tun da suka tsara ma'aurata, sai suka gina gida ba ƙasa da kilomita ɗaya daga dangin ba. Gida shine karamin rami a cikin duwatsun, tare da qwai 3-4 masu kama da katako mai katako. Babban bambanci shine sautunan launin toka da yawa a cikin launi na kwasfa (karbuwa don masory na kambi a tsakanin duwatsun). Dukkanin iyayen sun yiwa kama zama kuma suna jagorantar kajin. A wannan lokacin, sun zama masu da hankali sosai kuma suna shuru, saboda haka yana da matukar wahala a ga tarin ciyawa. Ba a san takamammen kwanakin da za a yi amfani da kajin ba.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, maras lafiya na zaɓar wurare don ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai tare da duwatsu masu matsakaici-girman girman jikinsa. A kan kananan duwatsu ma ko, a takaice, a tsakanin manyan kujerun, nan da nan ya zama sananne, wanda ke kara hadarin zama ganima.

Tsaro

Sickbeaks sune tsuntsayen marasa galihu waɗanda rayuwarsu ke cikin haɗari. Kodayake nau'in jinsin suna da yawa babba, amma halittun da ake samu marasa iyaka ne, kuma rarrabuwar sa shine yawan yanayin adonniyar. Barazanar ita ce cin zarafin halittu na halitta saboda barayin shanu da ke tare da su, ginin masana'antar ruwa, guguwar ambaliyar. An jera cutar Sickbill azaman nau'in haɗari a cikin Red Book.

Sickbeak an ayyana shi tsuntsu ne na 2015 a Kazakhstan don wayar da kan jama'a game da nau'ikan da ke cikin haɗari.

Bayanai

Tsuntsu mara lafiya - tsuntsu daga manyan ƙananan bindiga, species kawai nau'in halittar dan adam Serpoklyuvy. Babban sandpiper doguwar kafa mai santsi tare da doguwar jan kafa mai sheki mai kauri zuwa ƙasa. Mace ta bambanta da namiji a cikin dogon baki. Sickbeak wani tsuntsu ne mai motsi, mai amo. Wannan sandpiper yana iyo sosai, sau da yawa yakan shiga cikin ruwa kuma yana tsayawa cikin ruwa mara zurfi. Muryar mara-mara lafiya tana da ƙarfi, karin waƙa, yana kama da murfin ƙaho, "Ti-ti-ti-ti-ti!".

A cikin cizon karafa na manya, a lokacin bazara, goshi, kambi, da kuma gefen kai daga baki zuwa ido, guna da makogwaro suna da launin ruwan kasa-baki; a gefun kai da makogwaronsu ana daure da fararen fata. Gefar kawuna a bayan ido da wuya suna da launin toka-toshi. Goiter mai launin shuɗi-mai launin toka, rabuwa da kirji ta wani fari mai farar fata mai faffadar launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi. Doasasshen gefen jiki da fuka-fuki suna da launin toka, mai kauri mai launin shuɗi. Ashen launin toka. Chest, ciki, rashin farin ciki da gashin gashin axillary fari ne. Gashin gashin tsuntsaye masu launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi, tare da ƙananan ratsi mai ratsa duhu da kololu baƙi, ƙarshen webs na gashin gashin wutsiya na fari fari. Partangare na gashin fuka-fukan tare da farin aibobi Beak da kafafu suna ja. Bakan gizo ja. A cikin hunturu, akwai babban farin gashin tsuntsu a kai da makogwaro. Matasa suna da goshi da makogwaro tare da ock speckles, Chin da makogwaro suna da fari. Gashin jikinsa na saman jikinsa tare da kunkuntar kololuwan haske. Tufafin da ke kewayen goiter suna da launin toka-ka, ba tare da farin iyaka ba. Kafa da baki suna da launin ruwan kasa. Babban launi daga cikin bugun tsohuwar marassa lafiya a cikin fitowar ta mace ita ce launin shudi mai haske, saman kai, goshi, tsintsinan gaba da bayan kai, frenum, makogwaro da tsiri a kirjin su baki-kasa-kasa. Gefen baya da fuka-fuki suna da launin toka-launin toka. Gefan kai, wuya, goiter da ƙananan baya suna da launin toka-toka. Kafafu sunyi ja ja. Matsakaici: reshe 220 - 245 mm, beak 70 - 82 mm. Tsawon jikin nonon na kusa da cm 41, nauyinsa ya kai 300 g.

Siffar halayyar bishiyoyin doguwar fata ce mai kauri da bakin ciki mai haske ƙasa ja mai haske. Da shi, lebarfin mara lafiya yakan nemi ganima tsakanin duwatsun a ƙasan koguna da tafkuna, yana nutsar da kansa cikin ruwa. Tsuntsayen Sickbeak suna ciyar da ƙaramin kifi, harma da kwari da sauran hanyoyin motsa jiki.

Sicklebirds sun zama ruwan dare a Tsakiyar Asiya da Himalayas daga Issyk-Kul da Alai zuwa iyakar kudu da Manchuria, inda ake samun su a cikin kananan rukunin mutane kusa da kananan kogunan dutsen da koguna. Sickbeaks suna zaune a yankuna masu tsaunuka a tsaunin 1700 zuwa 4500 m sama da matakin teku. A cikin hunturu, sun yi ƙaura zuwa ƙananan ƙasa. Serpoklyuv yana zaune a cikin tsaunukan tuddai na Tsakiya da arewacin Tien Shan, a cikin Kazakhstan a gefen kwarin kogin Bolshaya da Malaya Almatinki, Chilik (da Zhenishke mai wakilta), Issyk, Karkara, Bayankol, Choldysu, da Dzhungarsky Alatau, wanda ya kasance kwanannan (a cikin 1964, marassa lafiya har ma an kafa su a farfajiya na kogin Tentek, kuma a cikin 2001 a Kogin Orta-Tentek). Anyi rubuce-rubucen tsuntsayen avian guda biyar a cikin matakan ƙafafun arewa maso yammacin Altai kusa da tashar Pospelikha a ranar 23 ga Agusta, 1973. A cikin Rasha, ana samun bugun jini kawai a kudu na Altai, sannan, a maimakon haka, ba da izini ba.

Sickbeak tsuntsu ne mai rayuwa a zahiri. Tana zaune a kusa da keɓaɓɓun ƙyallen dutse da tsibiran koguna na tsaunuka, a tsaunuka mafi yawan mita 2000-3200 sama da matakin teku (a cikin Himalayas har zuwa 4400 mita), kuma da wuya kawai 500 m, yawanci a cikin ladabi, kusan sassan kwance. Abunda ake buƙata shine kasancewar wasu tashoshi da yawa na ruwa-hannayen riga suna yin tsibiran tsibirai waɗanda kannan tsuntsaye suke. Yanke nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, nesa da juna. Nau'i nau'i biyu a watan Afrilu. Gida yana gina daga ƙananan pebbles, wanda aka ƙara yayin lokacin shiryawa. A cikin ɗayan kujerun, akwai duwatsun 4860, masu nauyin gram 636. Clutch a 4, ƙasa da sau 2-3, qwai yakan faru a ƙarshen Afrilu - Mayu. Duk da yake akwai kwai ɗaya kacal a cikin sheƙan, ana sanya pebble mai kusan iri ɗaya a gefen sa, amma idan akwai ƙwai da yawa, babu ƙanƙara a cikin sheƙan. Wataƙila ƙwaƙwalwar tana jujjuya shi kuma tsuntsun yana cire kansa don ya rufe kwai na farko. Duk iyayen sun kwashe da kuma kula da kajin da ke bayyana a watan Yuni kuma suka fara tashi a Yuli - Agusta. Movementsungiyoyi bayan an rage kajin an fahimci rashin fahimta. An rikodin garken tsuntsaye 12 (rago biyu) a Yankin Kogin Almaty a watan Agusta. A cikin mummunan yanayin bazara, suna matsawa zuwa ƙananan ƙasa, inda yanayin abinci ya fi kyau. Ickasassun ƙwayar cuta ba sa son irin nasu, saboda haka, tunda sun tsara ma'aurata, sun gina gida ba ƙasa da kilomita ɗaya daga dangi ba.

Sickbeaks sune tsuntsayen marasa galihu waɗanda rayuwarsu ke cikin haɗari. An jera cutar Sickbill azaman nau'in haɗari a cikin Red Book. Idan aka lura da wuraren zamansu, mafarkin mutane da yawa ne kuma masu son dabbobi ne. Lationuntar halittar halittar dabbobi saboda amfanin su kamar hanyoyin tuki na shanu yayin ƙwanƙwasawa a kan duwatsu, sanya hanyoyi da gina ginin hydraulic yana haifar da raguwar lambobi. Babban ambaliyar ruwa a lokacin kiwo shima yana haifar da mutuwar zuriya.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Sandpiper - tsuntsu Wuraren ruwa Abincin tsuntsayen ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin ruwa, ƙwayoyin invertebrate - waɗannan sune tsutsotsi, ƙwaƙwalwa, mollus, kwari iri-iri. Tsuntsaye masu tsinkaye suna cin mice da frogs, lizards, a lokacin rani, ayarin ya zama idi ne na tsuntsayen fuka-fukai, waɗanda suke sha da yawa.

Adersungiyoyin Waterfowl har ma sun nutse don abin da suka ci. Wasu adersa'yan 'ciyawa ne masu cin ganyayyaki, gwargwadon hatsi, tsaba, da berries. Kulawa ta musamman itace shudi.