Kodayake spinosaurus sananne ne ga kowa saboda girman sa, jirgin ruwa da kwanyar, an fi saninsa ga ragowar da aka lalata, baya kirga hakoran da aka gano kwanan nan da abubuwan kwanyar. Bugu da kari, kawai kwanyar da kashin baya aka yi bayani dalla-dalla, kuma ba a samu ƙasusuwa na gabar da kwatancen ba. Abubuwan da aka yi da jaw, da kwanyar, wanda aka gabatar a cikin 2005, sun nuna cewa yana da ɗayan kwanyar mafi tsayi a tsakanin duk kayan dinosaur, wanda ya kai mita 1.75 a tsayi. Kwanyar tana da kunkuntar Ford tare da jaws cike da haƙora mai siffa madaidaiciya, wadda ba ta da bautar. A cikin kashin incmaxillary wanda yake sanannu a kowane gefen farkon muƙamuƙin sama akwai hakora 6 ko 7, sauran 12 kuma a garesu a baya. Hakora ta biyu da ta uku a kowane ɗayan sun kasance mafi tsayi fiye da ɗayan a cikin kashin ciki na intermaxillary, samar da sarari tsakanin su da dogon hakora a gaba a cikin babban muƙamuƙin, kuma dogayen hakoran ƙananan hakoran suna gaban wannan fili. Jirgin spinosaurus an kafa shi ne daga mafi girman hanyoyin juya baya na vertebrae da ke girma akan kashin baya. Wadannan matakai na vertebrae sune sau 7 zuwa 12 sama da kashin da sukayi girma.
Rayuwa
Akasin ƙayyadadden abincinsa, mai yiwuwa spinosaurus ba ya cin abincin kifi ne. Dogoran dogo, mai kama da muƙamuƙin gavial, sun cika da haƙoran haƙora kuma sun dace da riƙe mai fashewar, kamar manyan kifayen ko amintattun mutane. Spinosaurus bai mallaki kwari mai ƙarfi ba, amma wannan ya ɓata taɓar girma da nauyinta, da kuma ingantattun ƙwararrun makamai masu riƙe da manyan kaifi. Koyaya, spinosaur da wuya yayi amfani da goshin lokacin da yake farautar babban abin farauta: tsayin dangi da jikinsu yayi ƙanana. Kafan kafafun gaban, tare da sa kai na gaba, sun kasa kai bakin hanci. Sabili da haka, don amfani da paws, dole ne ya kwanta a kan wanda aka azabtar, wanda ya zama yanki don kansa. Zai yi wuya mutum yayi tunanin yadda wani abin da spinosaurus ya kama ya kama ganima da damtsen gaban sa, kamar damisa, ko zaki. Wataƙila, ɗan sarƙar ya kashe ganima tare da haƙoran sa, wataƙila yana iya sarrafa nauyin ganima da ƙafafunsa na gaba. A lokacin fari, spinosaurus na iya neman hanyoyin samo abinci, farauta da kuma farauta. Burbushin halittun spinosaurs daga wasu sassan duniya suna ba da cikakkiyar ma'anar abincinsu. Don haka, a cikin 2004, an samo kashin mahaifa na pterosaur tare da haƙoran spinosaurus da aka makale a cikin Brazil. Kuma a cikin abinda ke ciki na wani spinosauride, baryonyx, an samo kasusuwa da yawa na matashin iguanodont.
08.08.2017
Spinosaurus (lat. Spinosaurus) - asalin halittar dinosaurs daga dangin Spinosaurus (lat. Spinosauridae). An bambanta ta da sauran ƙarar lemunan dabbobi ta mafi tsayi kwanyar da kasancewar a baya ta "sail" tare da tsawon fiye da 1.69 m.
Wannan magabcin ya kasance na biyu ne kawai ga tyrannosaurus da gigantosaurus a cikin girman sa.
Rarrabawa
Spinosaurus ya ba da sunansa ga dangin dinosaur, da spinosaurids, wanda ban da shi ya haɗa da baryonyx daga kudancin Ingila, mai fushi da angaturama daga Brazil, zuhomim daga Nijar a Afirka ta Tsakiya, kuma mai yiwuwa siamosaurus, wanda aka san shi da gutsuttsuran ragowar a cikin Thailand. Spinosaurus shine mafi kusanci ga mai ban ruwa, wanda kuma yana da hakora masu buɗe kai, kuma dukkansu an haɗa su a cikin kabilar Spinosaurinae.
Labarin Gano
Richard Markgraf ne ya gano kashin farko na spinosaurus a Masar a 1912. An samo asalin binciken ne a wani yanki na Baharia, wanda ke cikin garin Giza, mai nisan kilomita 370 kudu maso yamma da Alkahira. A cikin 1915, ta sami bayanin kimiyya kamar Spinosaurus aegyptiacus. Masanin ilimin burbushin halittu na kasar Jamus Karl Stromer von Reichenbach ne ya yi hakan.
Fushin ya dauke shi zuwa Munich, inda aka adana su a Gidan kayan Tarihi na Tarihin Tsohuwar Kwaleji. Abin takaici, an lalata su yayin harin sama na Allied a cikin 1944. Fewan hotuna, zane da bayanan kula da Shtromer yayi da kansu an kiyaye su.
Bayan barkewar yakin duniya na I, kasuwancin Markgraf ya samu asara mai yawa. Dole ne ya daina neman kusan shekaru 20 kuma ba da daɗewa ba ya mutu cikin talauci.
Har ila yau, ragowar spinosaurus sun yi sa'a da aka samo su a cikin 1996 daga Dale Russell, farfesa a Jami'ar North Carolina.
Daga baya, an gano wasu gabobin daban daban wadanda suka bashi damar kwatanta wani nau'in dangi mai alaƙa da juna, Spinosaurus maroccanus.
A cikin al'adun sanannu
Spinosaurus ya fito a cikin fim na 2001 Jurassic Park III, inda masu kirkirar fim suka bayyana a gaban jama'a a matsayin manyan masu adawa, kodayake azzalumi shine ya taka wannan rawar a finafinan biyu da suka gabata. A cikin fim, an gabatar da spinosaurus mafi ƙarfi da ƙarfi fiye da tyrannosaurus: a cikin fage, inda a cikin yaƙi tsakanin masu hasara guda biyu, mai nasara shine spinosaurus, wanda ya mirgine wuyan tyrannosaurus. A zahiri, irin wannan yakin ba zai iya kasancewa saboda gaskiyar cewa dinosaur biyu sun fito daga nahiyoyi daban-daban kuma suna rayuwa a lokuta daban-daban, amma masu gwaji a cikin fim din sun yanke shawarar tattara dinosaurs a tsibiri ɗaya kuma "duba ƙarfin su." Wadanda suka shirya fim din watakila sun yanke hukuncin cewa hoton dan mulkin zalunci a matsayin “babban villain” bai cika lokaci ba, kuma an zabi wani spinosaurus don maye gurbinsa saboda kyawun fasalinsa da kuma mummunan yanayinsa, da kuma girmansa.
Hakanan, spinosaurus ya bayyana a cikin fina-finai masu rai "Duniya Kafin Lokaci XII: Ranar Bird Mai Girma", "Ice Age-3. Zamanin Dinosaur ”(Rudy) da kuma karo na hudu na jerin al'amuran fantasy" Primeval ".
Ilimin halittar jiki
A lizard da halayyar elongated muzzle kamar kada, short forelimbs, wani dogon wutsiya, da kuma "ze tashi" an rufe shi da fata a kan kunya, Ya sanya daga elongated outgrowths a kan vertebrae. Wataƙila ya aiwatar da aikin thermoregulation ko kuma wani nau'in kayan aikin sadarwa tsakanin wakilan wannan nau'in a lokacin kiwo. Jirgin ruwan fata mai laushi wanda aka saita a wani kusurwa na 90 ° zuwa iska mai sanyi ta sami damar kwantar da jinin da yake tafe dashi.
Ernst Stromer ya ba da hujjar cewa ƙurar kashi a cikin maza sun fi ta mace kuma sun yi aiki don jawo hankalin mutane mata da maza.
'' Forelimbs sun fi na sauran mabarnata tsinkaye kuma suna dauke da makamai dauke da kawunan su. Da alama an yi amfani da su ne don farauta, kodayake yawancin masu bincike suna da tabbaci game da amfaninsu don motsi a ƙafafu huɗu.
Tsawon kwanyar da aka samo a 2005 ya kasance 1.75 m.
Spinosaurus yana da haƙoran hakora sau biyu kamar na ƙwararrakin azabtarwa na ƙungiyar Theropoda, amma sun kasance masu laushi kuma suna da haɓaka. Tsakanin idanun wani karamin crest kashi.
Ba kamar sauran masanin da ake sani ba, spinosaurus yana da ƙananan kasusuwa na ƙananan ƙananan ƙyallen bel (cingulum membri inferioris) da ƙananan gwiwoyin baya. An gina kasusuwan tubular tare da kasusuwa na kasusuwa mai kama da na kasusuwa na kasusuwa na sarki rayayye a halin yanzu. Wannan na nuna yiwuwar rayuwar rayuwar yar budurwa na giwa.
Cinya gajere kuma babba, yana da babbar 'yanci. Hannun yatsun kafaɗun kafaɗun kafaɗun sun kasance marasa laushi. Irin wannan tsari ya ƙunshi yin amfani da su da wutsiya a matsayin babban abubuwan motsawa lokacin yin iyo.
Spinosaurus
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Ino Spinosaurus aegyptiacus kalmomi:
Spinosaurus (Latin: Spinosaurus, a zahiri - spiked lizard) - wakilin dangin Spinosaurids (Spinosauridae), wanda ya rayu a kan yankin Arewacin Afirka na zamani a cikin Cretaceous zamani (shekaru 112 - 95.5 shekaru da suka gabata). A karon farko, wannan nau'in dinosaurs da burbushin halittar ya samo a Misira daga masanin ilimin burbushin halitta Ernst Shtromer a 1915, wanda ya kawo kwarangwal din zuwa Munich. Koyaya, a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na biyu, a daren ranar 24 ga Afrilu zuwa 25, 1944, an kai hari kan garin, wani ɓangaren gidan kayan tarihi ya lalace sosai, ƙasusuwan spinosaurus sun lalace, duk da cewa a baya Shtromer ya ba da shawarar ficewa daga nunin, amma daraktan ya ƙi. Kawai zane da hotuna masu wuya na Shtromer sun rayu har zuwa kwanakinmu, wanda ke nuna holotype na nau'in BSP 1912 VIII 19. Zuwa yau, masana binciken burbushin halittu suna da samfurori 20 na spinosaurs. An gano rabinsu a Maroko, hudu a Misira, uku a Tunisia, samfurin guda daga Nijar, Kamaru da Kenya. GirmaDangane da bayanan da ke akwai, tsawon jikin spinosaurus yakai kimanin 16-18 m, kuma yana da nauyin 7-9. An yanke wannan shawarar ne bisa ga cewa yana da kusan irin guda ɗaya da kakanninsa sanannun Zuhomim (Suchomimus) ko kuma ƙwararrun mashahuri mai suna Tyrannosaurus rex wanda aka fi bincike dashi. A cikin 2007, masu bincike Francois Terrier da Donald Henderson sun yanke shawara cewa nauyin wakilan wannan nau'in zai iya kasancewa cikin tan 12-23. Ana iya samun ƙarin ingantattun bayanai, a ra'ayinsu, lokacin da aka sami cikakkun gabobin goshin. A cikin binciken su, sun kwatanta nau'ikan biyu - Spinosaurus maroccanus da Carcharodontosaurus iguidensis. BayaninSpinosaurus sananne ne ga burbushin halittunsa da ya lalace, baya kirga abubuwan da aka gano kwanan nan da hakoran kwanyar da kwanyar. Kwanan nan aka gano shi a Maroko, burbushin ƙananan ƙasƙancin spinosaurus mai yiwuwa ya kasance ga saurayi ne, tunda sun kai ƙarami. Abubuwan da aka yi da jaw, da kwanyar, wanda aka gabatar a cikin 2005, sun nuna cewa yana da ɗayan kwanyar mafi tsayi a tsakanin dukkanin kayan cin abinci na dinosaur, wanda ya kai sama da mita 1.5 a tsayi. Kwanyar tana da ƙananan kunkuntar tare da jaws cike da haƙoran conical madaidaiciya. Babban samfurin sanannen spinosaurus yana da girman girma na kusan mita 16 a tsayi kuma yana da nauyi fiye da tan 7 (watakila kimanin tan tan 11.7-16.7, tunda ƙasusuwan sa suna da ƙananan ƙananan kofofin). Koyaya, sauran sanannun burbushin manya da kusan spinosaurs na manya suna sanya wahalar gano shi a matsayin mafi girma a tarihi, tunda waɗannan mutane suna da ƙanana da girman su har ga ƙanannen baryonyx da zuhomima. Ofaya daga cikin alamun alamun kashin baya shine kashin jikinta. Hanyoyin juye-juye da jijiyoyin bugun kafa, a cikin girman su da sifar su, sun zama wata “sail”. An samo nau'ikan tsari iri ɗaya a cikin sauran dinosaurs (spinosaurids, wasu ornithopods), da kuma a cikin tsoffin maganganun (Poposauroidea) da synapsids (sphenacodonts). Dalilin "jirgin ruwa" shine batun tattaunawa sosai. Daya daga cikin sabbin maganganu shine rawar da yake dashi a matsayin hydrogenabilizer. KimiyyaSpinosaurs suna rayuwa a cikin yanzu Misira zai iya zama a cikin tsirrai kuma suna rayuwa mai lalata. Ba wai kawai farautar su ba ne a cikin yanayin ruwa, amma kuma suna kai hare-hare akai-akai akan ƙasa.
Hakanan an tabbatar da wannan ta wurin wurin haƙoran haƙora da ƙoshin hancin da ke ɓangaren ɓangaren kwanyar. A cewar masanin ilimin burbushin halittu dan Amurka Gregory Paul, makaryacin, ban da kifi, ya ciyar da safarar mutane tare da neman kananan da matsakaitan mutane, amma kuma sun kai hari kan manyan ganima, gami da fasikanci lokacin bazara. Spinosaurus ya rayu shekaru miliyan 100-94 da suka gabata. BayyanarTsarin sake gina Spinosaurus A cikin ƙarni tun lokacin da aka gano spinosaurus, ra'ayoyin game da bayyanar sa suna canzawa koyaushe. Dalilin hakan shine karancin kayan. A farkon sake ginawa, an nuna spinosaurus a matsayin wata alama ta al'ada wacce take da wata madaidaicin madaidaiciya da kwanyar da tayi daidai da kwanyar ta allosaurus (sai dai kasan karami, da aka sani a wancan lokacin). A rabin na biyu na karni na 20, an wakilci spinosaurus a matsayin wani babban baryonix tare da zagaye kan duhunsa. An rinjayi wannan ta hanyar kin amincewa da madaidaiciyar matsayin kashin baya a cikin jerin abubuwan da ke cikin kashin, har da gano kashin sama. Bi da bi, ɗan Portugal-mai zane-zane mai zane-zane Rodrigo Vega ya ba da shawarar sake ginin spinosaurus, gwargwadon abin da ya faɗa cikin rukunin kumburi, mai kitse da ƙaramin kwalba. Ya yi imanin cewa ga dabba wanda ke ciyar da kifi musamman (kuma a lokacin fari a cikin tafukan Cretaceous lokacin kusan gaba ɗaya ba ya nan), ya wajaba a tabbatar da ajiyar makamashi a matsayin mai kitse, ko danshi, a bango. An rarrabe spinosaurus ta gaban manyan isasshen manyan riga, wanda kuma ana iya amfani dashi don rage ƙwanƙolin raga. Rodrigo Vega ya yi imanin cewa dagewa a kan kafafunsa kafaffun matsayi ne wanda ba a daidaita shi ba ga spinosaurus, tunda tsakiyar nauyi ya fi kusa da kwanyar fiye da zuwa ta hancin sacral vertebrae, kamar sauran theropods. Bugu da kari, tsayawa mai kafafu hudu na iya zama da amfani sosai lokacin kamun kifi a bakin. A cikin 2014, masana binciken burbushin David Martill, Nizar Ibrahim, Paul Sereno da Cristiano Dal Sasso sun gano sassan jikin kashin baya a Maroko - guntun kwanyar, da yatsun hannayen hannu, da wutsiya da jijiyoyin hanji da jijiyoyi da kafafun kafa. Shekarun FSAC-KK 11888 neotype ana kiyasta ya kasance 97 Ma. Wannan binciken ya juya dukkan tunanin masana ilimin burbushin halittu game da kashin baya. Da fari dai, tunanin shi ne ya motsa a kan wata gabar jiki. Abu na biyu, an canza nau'in semicircular na jirgin ruwa zuwa trapezoidal. Abu na uku, an samo tabbaci na ruwa maimakon tsarin rayuwa na ƙasa. An harbe ɗan fim game da wannan. Koyaya, daga baya an sake sukar yanayin rashin ma'adinin spinosaurus. HarajiSpinosaurus ya ba da sunansa ga dangin dinosaur, spinosaurus, wanda ya haɗa da ƙananan ƙananan yankuna biyu - Baryonychinae da Spinosaurinae. Har ila yau sanannu burbushin dinosaur ne da ba a ba da izini ba daga Ostiraliya - wata vertebra mai kama da dabbobin baryonyx vertebra. Spinosaurus shine mafi kusancin halittar Sigilmassasaurussakamakon abin da aka haɗo su cikin taskokin Spinosaurini. Da ke ƙasa akwai wani ɗan ƙaramin bayani wanda ke nuna matsayin halin haraji: BayyanarWannan dinosaur yana da “jirgi mai ban mamaki” wanda yake a saman tarin ofarfin baya. Ya ƙunshi ƙasusuwa masu launin fata da aka haɗa su da fata mai launi. Wasu masana ilimin burbushin halitta sunyi imani da cewa a cikin tsarin hular akwai wani mai kitse, tunda a cikin yanayin da wannan nau'in ya rayu ba shi yiwuwa ya rayu ba tare da ajiyar makamashi ta hanyar mai ba. Amma har yanzu masana kimiyyar basu tabbatar 100% dalilin da yasa irin wannan rigar ta zama tilas ba. Wataƙila an yi amfani dashi don sarrafa zafin jiki.. Juya jirgin zuwa rana, zai iya dumama jininsa da sauri fiye da sauran masu rarrafe masu sanyin sanyi. Koyaya, wannan babban jirgi mai saukar ungulu ya kasance watakila shine sanannen abu mai ma'anar wannan maɓallin Cretaceous kuma ya sanya shi sabon abu ga dangin dinosaur. Bai yi kama da jirgin ruwa na dimetrodon ba, yana zaune a duniya kusan shekaru miliyan 280-265 da suka gabata. Ba kamar halittun kamar stegosaurus ba, waɗanda aka ɗaga faranti daga fatar, saitin spinosaurus ya sami kariya ta hanyar haɓakar vertebrae a bayan jikinsa, yana ɗaure su duka zuwa kashin. A cewar kafofin da yawa, wadannan abubuwan da aka sanya daga baya zuwa baya sun girma zuwa mita daya da rabi. Tsarin da ke ɗaure su tare sunyi kama da fatar fata. A cikin bayyanar, mai yiwuwa, irin waɗannan mahadi suna kama da membranes tsakanin yatsunsu na wasu mutanen amphibians. Babu tabbas cewa kashin baya ya kasance a haɗe kai tsaye zuwa gawar, amma ra'ayoyin masana kimiyya sun banbanta akan sifofin membranes kansu, da haɗa su cikin yanki ɗaya. Duk da yake wasu masana ilimin burbushin halitta sunyi imanin cewa jirgin ruwan spinosaurus ya kasance kamar jirgin ruwa na dimetrodon, akwai waɗanda kamar Jack Bohman Bailey, waɗanda suka yi imani da cewa saboda kazamin tsintsinyar, mai yiwuwa ya fi kauri girma fiye da na yau da kullun kuma yayi kama da membrane na musamman. . Bailey ya ba da shawarar cewa garkuwar spinosaurus kuma tana kunshe da mai mai, kodayake, ainihin abin da ya ƙunsa shine har yanzu ba a san shi ba saboda cikakkiyar samfuran. Amma game da manufar irin wannan fasalin ilimin halayyar jirgi kamar yadda jirgin ruwa ya tashi a baya na spinosaurus, ra'ayoyi ma sun bambanta. An gabatar da ra'ayoyi da yawa game da wannan batun, wanda aka fi sani shi ne aikin thermoregulation. Tunanin karin kayan aikin sanyaya jiki da sanyaya jiki abu ne sananne. Ana amfani dashi don bayyana tsarin halittar kasusuwa dayawa akan dinosaur daban-daban, gami da spinosaurus, stegosaurus da parasaurolophus. Masana ilimin burbushin halitta sun ba da shawarar cewa jikunan jini a wannan tudun suna da kusanci da fata don haka suna ɗaukar zafi da sauri don kar su daskarewa lokacin sanyi dare. Sauran malamai suna da ra'ayin cewa an yi amfani da kashin baya don kewaya jini ta hanyar jijiyoyin jini kusa da fata don ba da damar sanyaya cikin saurin yanayin zafi. A kowane hali, dukkan wadannan “dabarun” zasu zama da amfani a Afirka. Thermoregulation kamar bayani ne mai shimfidawa game da jirgin ruwan spinosaurus, duk da haka, akwai wasu ra'ayoyin waɗanda ke haifar da ƙarancin sha'awar jama'a.
Wasu masana cikin ilimin burbushin halitta sunyi imani da cewa jirgin ruwan kwantar da tarzoma na kashin baya ya yi irin aikin daya daga cikin manyan tsuntsayen yau. Wato, ana buƙata don don jawo abokin tarayya don haihuwa da kuma sanin farkon balaga na mutane. Kodayake har yanzu ba a san canza launin wannan fan ba, akwai shawarwari da ke nuna haske, sautunan launuka, suna jan hankalin akasin jima'i daga nesa. Hakanan ana la’akari da sigar kare kai. Wataƙila ya yi amfani da shi don bayyana mafi girma a fuskar maƙiyan abokan gaba. Tare da yaduwar jijiyar jirgin, spinosaurus ya yi kama da girma kuma mai yuwuwar tashi a gaban wadanda suka gan shi a matsayin “abun ciye-ciye mai sauri”. Don haka, yana yiwuwa abokan gaba, ba da son shiga cikin wani mawuyacin fada ba, suka ja da baya, suna neman abin da zai sami sauki. Tsawonsa yakai kusan 152 da rabi santimita. Babban jaws, wanda ya mamaye galibin wannan yanki, ya ƙunshi hakora, galibi conical a siffar, wanda ya dace sosai don kamawa da cin kifi. An yi imani da cewa spinosaurus yana da kusan hakora huɗu, duka a cikin manya da ƙananan jaws, da kuma manyann manyan ribobi biyu a kowane ɓangaren. Muƙamuƙi na spinosaurus ba shine kawai tabbacin ƙaddararta masassara ba. Har ila yau, yana da idanu waɗanda suka ɗaga zuwa ƙarshen kwanyar, wanda ya sa ya zama kamar macen zamani. Wannan fasalin ya yi daidai da ka’idar wasu masana ilimin binciken burbushin halittu dangane da gaskiyar cewa ya kasance ya kasance wani bangare na yawan kayan aikin ruwa. Tunda ra'ayoyi game da ko dabba ce dabba ko dabba mai ruwa da dabba sun bambanta sosai. Nemi TarihiSpinosaurus shine mafi girman dinosaur da aka gano.
Nau'in SpinosaurusAkwai daya kawai na hali da kuma sanannun nau'in spinosaurus - S. aegyptiacus. Daidaita shi ne Spinosaurus marocanus. An ba da sunan jinsunan da sunan ƙasar inda aka fara gano ragowar. Holotype na spinosaurus ya kunshi kashin mutum biyu da kasushin kashin, kashin jeji, hakora ashirin, mahaifa biyu, yatsu bakwai, aljihunan guda uku da hanji daya, da kashin hanji guda hudu, hanjin ciki (gabobin ciki) da kuma matakai tara na tara daga kashin baya (mafi girma) - 165 cm). Tsarin kwarangwal
Sakamakon raunin kasusuwa a cikin samfuran farkon spinosaurus, an sake gina shi ta motsawa akan kafafu biyu. Wannan ya kasance kafin aikin Nizar Ibrahim da marubuta tare a cikin 2014, inda aka bayyana ƙasusuwa ta ƙafa kuma an ba da tsarin sake gina dinosaur mai kafa huɗu. Wurin da aka makala a wutsiya na cinya cinya zuwa cinyar dinosaur yayi girma da tsawo (¹ / ₃ tsawon cinya). Cancantar wutsiya daga cikin kashin baya da kuma yanayin hanyoyin juya jikin kashin kansa na nunawa Spinosaurus ya motsa a kan kafafun kafa biyu masu ƙarfi. Kowannensu yana da yatsu 4 tare da dogon yatsu masu kaifi. Ba kamar sauran masussuka ba, yatsun farko yana da kauri da tsawo. Farko na farko na wannan yatsa shi ne mafi dadewa, idan aka kwatanta shi da wasu baƙaƙen ƙusoshin ƙusa, aka koma baya. A ƙasa, spinosaurus ya motsa kawai a kan kafafu huɗu, saboda goyon bayan jiki tare da makasudin ya zama dole saboda cibiyar tsagewar nauyi. Tsarin kwanyar
Hakora daga cikin spinosaurus suna a gaban (6-7 a kowane bangare) da kuma bayan muƙamuƙi (12 a kowane gefe). Hakora na farko na spinosaurus ƙananan ne, na biyu da na uku sune mafi girma, biyu na gaba suna tazara sosai kuma suna rabuwa da sauran ta gungun. Tsakanin haƙora ta shida da kashin muƙamuƙi akwai banbanci daban a kowane ɓangaren. Hakora tare da diamita ƙasa da 35 mm suna zagaye da conical, kuma manyan hakora suna na biyu zuwa hagu da na biyu da na uku zuwa dama, m ƙetaren, i.e. dan kadan matsa tare da hakora. Uku koma bayan uku ana yiwa alama a bangarorin wuraren da ba a kula da su ba. Bangaren kashin kasan dinosaur yana da fadi fiye da na wannan sashin na sama, wanda ke nuna cewa manyan hakora na ƙasa (2-4) sun kasance bayyane lokacin da muƙamuƙin ya rufe, yana faɗuwa cikin komaɗɗar. Haɗin maxillary da kasusuwa na kashin baya akwai hadaddun. A kowane gefen jawbone akwai zagaye 12, hakora masu conical. Girman su yana ƙaruwa sosai daga na farko zuwa na huɗu (da keɓewa yana ƙaruwa daga 42 zuwa 146 mm), amma daga na biyar zuwa na sha biyu sannu a hankali yana raguwa. Babban hakora (daga na uku zuwa na biyar akan dama kuma daga na uku zuwa na huɗu akan hagu) su ne m. Dinosaur nostrils suna ƙanana da yawa idan aka kwatanta da girman gaban gaban spinosaurus da sauran theropods. An ja da baya sosai kuma suna a matakin 9-10 alveoli na muƙamuƙi. San hanci yana da ƙarfi, amma suna haifar da kusurwa kaɗan a gabanta. Tsarin 3D na kasusuwa na spinosaurus (ana iya kallon samfurin ta hanyar jujjuya shi da linzamin kwamfuta).
Dangane da wata ka'idar madadin da aka kafa a kan nau'ikan zane-zanen dijital na uku na spinosaurus (aikin Donald Henderson a cikin 2018), sauran nau'in halittar theropods da dabbobin ruwa na ruwa na yau da kullun, shi ba ƙwararren mashin ruwa ne na ruwa ba. Lokacin yin iyo ba tare da taimakon wata gabar jiki ba, zai mirgine akan sa. Ya kasa nutsuwa kai tsaye a karkashin ruwa. An karkatar da tsakiyar nauyi na maharbin kusancin zuwa kwatangwalo. Abinci mai gina jikiSpinosaurus ya ciyar da kogin bisa ga ra'ayoyin da ke zuwa, ya ɓata lokacin rayuwarsa a cikin ƙasa, kuma a cikin ruwan da ya farautar cikin ruwa mara zurfi. Don adana ƙarfin babban jikinsa, an tilasta dinosaur ya kwashe lokaci mai yawa yana kwance a bakin gaci. Ya fatattaki waɗanda ke garkuwa da shi ta hanyar kwanton da jama'ar. Yawanci yakan farauta shi kaɗai. Tarihin GanowaYawancin abin da aka sani game da spinosaurus, Abin takaici, shi ne asalin hasashe, tunda rashin cikakkiyar samfuran baya barin wata dama don bincike. An gano ragowar farkon spinosaurus a kwarin Bahariya a Misira a 1912, duk da cewa ba a sanya su ga wannan nau'in ba. Bayan shekaru 3 kawai, masanin ilimin burbushin halitta Ernst Stromer ya danganta su da spinosaurus. Sauran kasusuwa na wannan dinosaur suna cikin Baharia kuma an gano su a matsayin jinsin na biyu a shekara ta 1934. Abin takaici, saboda lokacin ganowa, wasu daga cikinsu sun lalace lokacin da aka tura su Munich, sauran kuma sun lalace a lokacin harin sojoji a cikin 1944. Zuwa yau, samfuran spinosaurus na kashi shida an gano su, kuma ba a sami cikakke ko aƙalla cikakkun samfurori ba. Wani samfurin samfurin spinosaurus wanda aka gano a cikin Maroko a cikin 1996 ya ƙunshi tsinkayen mahaifa na tsakiya, cincin ƙashi na ciki, da haƙori da na tsakiya. Bugu da kari, karin samfurori biyu wadanda aka gina a cikin 1998 a Algeria da kuma a 2002 a Tunisiya sun kunshi sassan hakori na jaws. Wani samfurin, wanda aka samo a Maroko a 2005, ya ƙunshi mahimman kayan cranial.. Dangane da binciken da aka zayyana akan wannan binciken, kwanyar dabbar da aka samo, gwargwadon kimar kayan tarihi na Tarihi na Tarihi na Tarihi na Rukunin Milanabi'a da ke Milan, ya kai santimita 183, wanda ya sa wannan misalin na spinosaurus ya kasance mafi girma har zuwa yau. Abin takaici, ga spinosaurus da masana binciken burbushin halittu, babu cikakkiyar samfurori na kwarangwal wannan dabbar, ko ma fiye da haka ko kusa nesa kusa da cikar sassan jikin. Wannan rashin hujja yana haifar da rikicewar tunani game da asalin kimiyyar wannan dinosaur. Ba sau ɗaya ba an gano ƙasusuwa na ƙwallin spinosaurus, wanda zai iya ba masana ilimin burbushin tunani game da ainihin tsarin jikinsa da matsayinsa a sararin samaniya. A ilmance, gano kasusuwa na gabar gabar spinosaurus ba kawai zai bashi cikakkiyar tsarin halittar mutum ba, har ma zai taimaka wa masana kimiyyar binciken dan adam su hada tunanin yadda wannan halitta ta motsa. Wataƙila saboda ƙasan ƙasusuwa ne akwai wata muhawara mai ban tsoro game da cewa spinosaurus ma tsayayyen kafa biyu ne ko mai kafa biyu.
Har zuwa yanzu, duk alamu na spinosaurus da aka samo sun kunshi kayan daga kashin baya da kwanyar. Kamar yadda a mafi yawan lokuta, tare da karancin samfuran samammen cikakke, ana tilasta masu binciken burbushin halitta kwatanta dinosaur da dabbobin da suke kama. Koyaya, game da spinosaurus, wannan aiki ne mai wahala. Saboda koda wadancan dinosaur, wadanda, kamar yadda masana burbushin halitta suka yi imani, suna da halaye iri daya ga spinosaurus, babu wani daga cikinsu da ya yi kama da wannan sanannen kuma lokaci guda mai cin nasara. Saboda haka, masana kimiyya galibi suna cewa spinosaurus ya kasance mai warwatsewa, kamar sauran manyan masu farauta, kamar Rex tyrannosaurus. Bayan haka, wannan ba za a san tabbas ba, aƙalla har sai an gano cikakke, ko aƙalla ɓatacce, ya rage daga wannan nau'in. Sauran wuraren zama na wannan babban maharbi ana kuma ɗaukar su a halin yanzu ba su isa ga rami ba. Harshen sukari ya kasance yanki mafi girma dangane da tsarin yanayin spinosaurus. Amma ƙasa kanta takan zama dole don amfani da ƙoƙarin titanic saboda yanayin yanayi, da kuma isasshen dacewar daidaiton ƙasa don kiyaye burbushin halittu. Wataƙila kowane samfurori da aka gano ba zato ba tsammani a lokacin sandstorms sun lalata ta hanyar iska da motsi da yashi wanda kawai zasu zama sakaci don ganowa da kuma gano su. Saboda haka, masana ilimin burbushin halitta sun gamsu da ƙaramin da aka samo asali cikin begen wata rana ta faɗi akan ƙarin samfurori waɗanda zasu iya amsa duk tambayoyin sha'awar kuma bayyana asirin spinosaurus. Gidajen kayan tarihi waɗanda ke nuna ragowar spinosaurus
Ambaci cikin fina-finai
Babban spinosaurus yana wakiltar babban abokin gaba na manyan halayen, yana bayyana sau da yawa yayin fim ɗin kuma yana ba su tsoro, yana tilasta su gudu. A cikin wannan rawar, ya maye gurbin babban dinosaur na fina-finai biyu na baya na ikon Faransanci - azzalumi. Don tabbatar da girmansa, a farkon fim ɗin, spinosaurus ya kashe T-Rex.
Ambaci a cikin zane-zane
Littafin Magana
Labarin Wasanni
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