Man Mantella mai Zinare ko Madagascar ampaƙa ce mai ban mamaki mai ban mamaki da ke rayuwa a cikin gandunan daji na Madagascar. Mantella na zinare na iya yin ado don ado don kowane tarin amurka. Ba abin mamaki ba ne Turanci da masana ilimin tarihin dabbobi na Amurka suna kiranta da hotal din na zinari ko kuma gwal na zinariya.
Shekaru da yawa, an danganta aikin gidan ga dangin Dendopatidae, duk da haka, binciken da aka yi akan dabbar ta tabbatar da cewa ba dole bane ya kasance dangin Ranidae. A cikin dangi, an rarrabe shi a cikin monotypic na musamman (wato, jinsi ɗaya ne ya wakilta) asalin Mantella.
Hoton Mantella na Zinare
An bayar da hoton wannan kwaya a cikin sanannun litattafai game da herpetology, amma ilmin halitta babu shi ko karancinsa.
Dangane da kwarewar wasu ma'aikatan terrarium na Moscow (O.I.Shubravy da sauransu), zamu iya gaya mai zuwa game da wannan tsintsiyar. Ta hanyar rayuwa da al'adu, mantella ya kusanci kwaɗi da itacen. Ana nuna shi ta ayyukan maraice ba dare ba rana.Ka mafi yawan lokacin da tsutsotsi suke ciyar da tsirrai, a wasu lokutan suna gangara ƙasa.
Mantella neman zafi, sabili da haka, a cikin terrarium ya kamata ya kasance tafki da tsire-tsire na tradescantia, wakilan dangin aroid, arrowroot. Zazzabi: 20-28C. Amma ya kamata a ɗauka cikin tunanin cewa gidajen manelles suna matukar shan wahala daga matsanancin zafi, saboda haka, idan an fallasar da terrarium ga rana, dole ne a sami mafaka a ciki. Ilasa - zuriyar danshi mai danshi. Frogs a fili sun fi son kwari masu tashiwa: kwari na gida, kwari na fruitan itace, sauro, amma kuma sun ƙi ƙananan baranda da crickets.
Mantella mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban kuma yana da wahala ka tsare su cikin bauta. Yayinda wannan matsala dabba ce don terrariums kuma har ma a cikin manyan gidajen dabbobi ke da wuya.
Ilimin halitta
Kwaro 16 daga kwayoyin Mantella (Iyalan Mantellidae) sun iyakance ga Madagascar, kodayake wasu suna zaune a Reunion da tsibiran da ke kusa. Mantellas sun yi tsawo zuwa 3.5cm.
Abubuwan launuka masu haske suna gargadin masu hasashen cewa Mantella na iya sakin gubobi masu ƙarfi lokacin da aka kawo mata hari. Masana ilimin halitta daga Kwalejin Kimiyya ta California sun gano cewa Mantelles yana samar da waɗannan gubobi ko alkaloids daga abincin da suke ci. Tushen gubobi, aƙalla don wasu nau'ikan, sune ƙuraje marasa amfani Anochetus grandidieri. Kuma wannan misali ne na juyin halitta mai ban mamaki, saboda 13 daga cikin gubobi masu guba da aka samu a fatar Mantell an kuma sami alaƙa da kwaroron da ba ta da alaƙa waɗanda ke ciyar da tururuwa Anochetus da ba su da alaƙa a Panama!
(bayanin kula: Tabbas, a cikin terrarium, duka mantella da bishiyoyi masu guba sun daina fitar da abubuwa masu guba.)
Terrarium
Mantellas sun fi ƙaunar terrariums dasa tare da ferns live, bromeliads, philodendron da sauran tsirrai. Plantedarancin da aka dasa da ɗimbin ɗumbin mafaka za su ba ka lura mai ban sha'awa da yawa, tunda frogs ɗin za su sami aminci kuma za su yi aiki da ƙarfi.
Ana iya kiyaye biyu ko uku a cikin babban tukunyar lita 45, kuma ana iya ajiye manyan katun tare da mantellas a cikin rukuni.
Mantelles, kamar kwarororo mai guba, suna kashe yawancin rayuwarsu a duniya kuma sun nutsar da sauƙi. Don haka, yawan ruwan da yakamata yakamata ya zama 1-1.5 cm, kwano mara nauyi ko zaɓi mai kwari yana yiwuwa.
Hakanan ku tuna cewa mantels na iya tafiya akan gilashi kuma suna fita ko da ƙananan ramuka, don haka dole ne a rufe matattarar murfin kuma an kulle murfin tare da shirye-shiryen bidiyo (idan ana iya cirewa).
Sauya
Cakuda kwakwalwan kwakwa da musayar kasuwanci na gandun daji na wurare da ya dace. Ganyayyen Leaafan murhu ko gansakakken ƙwayar sphagnum ya kamata ya rufe duka dutsen da keɓaɓɓen don taimakawa riƙe danshi.
Haske
Wasu matakin ultraviolet radiation na bakan zai iya zama da amfani. Kuma UVA na iya taimakawa wajen haɓaka halayyar halitta, gami da haifuwa.
Zafi
Mantelles yawanci suna zaune a cikin tsaunuka ko zurfi a cikin gandun daji kuma suna buƙatar ƙananan yanayin zafi fiye da yadda ake tsammani. Mafi kyawun abin da suke rayuwa a 20-25 C, mafi yawansu suna mutu lokacin da zafin jiki ya wuce 27 ° C.
Fitilar hasken rana na iya zafi da terrarium.
Idan zafin jiki har yanzu yana ƙasa, gwada ɗan ƙaramin kwan fitila, amma ka tabbata cewa zafi ya yi zafi. Za'a iya amfani da injin daskararru ko matso mai ɗumi a cikin duhu. (bayanin kula. Zaɓuɓɓuka don sanyaya wuraren shakatawa a cikin wani labarin daban)
Haushi
Mantellas yana buƙatar zafi a matakin 80-100%, Ya wajaba don kula da daskararren ƙwaƙwalwar daskararru kuma ya fesa terrarium sosai. Tsarin watsa ruwa ta atomatik da na'urori masu auna zafin rana suna da amfani musamman a cikin gidaje bushewa da bushewar ƙasa.
Ciyar da abinci
Bambancin abinci mai mahimmanci yana da matukar muhimmanci..
Crickets kadai, koda kuwa an inganta shi da ƙari, ba abinci ne ingantacce. Tun da mafi girma Mantellas kawai ya kai 3.5cm a tsawon, tabbatar da abincin da ya dace yana buƙatar shirin da aka tsara. Kalli frogs dinka a hankali - frogs masu ƙoshin lafiya suna da ciki, ƙashin ƙugu zai fito suma.
Fiye da kyau, ciyarwa ya kamata ya ƙunshi mafi girman adadin adadin ciyarwar masu zuwa:
- Za'a iya tattara ƙananan kwari, kwari da kwari da kwari Zoo Med Bug Napper .
- Nailtail ko kayan tattarawa: amfanin gona na banzana yana da kasuwa, ana iya sayar dasu daban-daban ko ana iya girbe su a ƙarƙashin ganyayyaki da suka faɗi.
- Gidaje: girbe a cikin matattun abubuwan mutuwa ko amfani da tarkuna masu sauƙi (a cikin Tarayyar Rasha ba shi da mahimmanci)
- larvae na warkewa: akwai don siyarwa, mai sauƙin haifarwa da kansa.
- Ants: ana buƙatar gwaje-gwaje, kamar yadda aka ƙi wasu nau'in.
- Aphids: insectsaramin kwari da ke mamaye tsirrai na tsire-tsire, a cikin lokacin dumi za a iya tattara su cikin yanayi, kuma ana iya gasa wasu nau'ikan daban-daban.
- “Field plankton”: kwari da ke tarawa lokacin da suke cin ciyawa mai tsayi tare da ƙwayar malam buɗe ido.
— bayanin kula: zakara da barayin Turkmen da wasu nau'ikan matsakaitan ma sun dace da ciyar da alkama. Suna da sauƙin haifarwa da kansu.
Mantellas suna da babban ci kuma ya kamata a ci abinci kowace rana ko biyu. Akwai lura da cewa launin ruwan kasa guda ɗaya ya ci tururuwa 53 a cikin minti 30!
Yana da mahimmanci a yayyafa yawancin ciyarwar tare da ƙimin alli mai inganci ko samfur mai kama da ƙari na bitamin tare da Vitamin D3 aƙalla sau 3 a mako.
Vivarium ga Mantella na Zinare
Nau'in: vivarium na katako tare da bangon gaban gilashi (don hana paws da wulakanci daga ƙonewa). Dole a rufe saman vivarium tare da murfi, saboda mantells na iya tserewa (kar a manta game da samun iska mai iska!).
Girma: girman don mutane 3-4 - 60x30x30 cm, don kwalaye 10 - 90x40x50 cm.
Substrate (substrate): sphagnum gansakuka, gansakken Javanese.
Tsaftacewa / tsabtacewa: mantella mai ƙarfi ya sami datti, don haka ya kamata a tsabtace vivarium kowane kwanaki 5-7, idan akwai kwaɗi mai yawa - kowane kwanaki 3-4. Idan ba a tsabtace terrarium akan lokaci ba, gidajen mazaunin suna fama da cututtuka da yawa. Don tsabtatawa da aiki amfani da magungunan maye gurbin haske, kamar Detox. Bayan cirewa, ana iya wanke dukkan abubuwa a cikin tsaftataccen ruwa.
Zazzabi: rana - 20-21 ° C (har zuwa izinin 23.5 ° C), cikin dare - 18-20 ° C.
Zafi mai zafi: ta amfani da matattarar dumama (tare da thermostat) wanda ke ƙarƙashin 1/2 na kasan terrarium.
Lighting: fitilun fitilun tare da cikakkiyar rawar UV. Wadatar hasken rana: a lokacin rani - awa 14, a cikin hunturu (Nuwamba-Maris) - awanni 11.
Hum zafi: har zuwa 90%. Fesa ruwa sau daya a rana.
Shuke-shuke: hawan tsirrai (misali, Fittonia, ivy na kowa), ferns karkace, bromeliads, gumi. An fara dasa tsire-tsire a cikin tukwane, sannan a sanya shi cikin terrarium. Coveredashin tukwane an rufe shi da gansakuka.
Pond: karamin kwano (2 cm zurfi, 10 cm a diamita) tare da ruwa mai tsabta. An sanya kwano daga zafi da haske.
Zane: kuna buƙatar ƙara duwatsu, rakodi, rassan (duk abin da ke haifar da wuraren ɓoye da haɓaka).
Kiwon zinare na Zinare
Shiri: a karkashin yanayi mai kyau, maza suna nuna halinsu kuma suna fara waka. Idan yanayin ƙasa na mazaunin ƙasa ba shi da kyau, suna raira waƙa mara kyau, haɓaka adadin abinci, kuma a ranakun dumama suna fesa ruwa a madadin. Nisantar allon gidan na faruwa ne a asirce, a ƙarƙashin ɓoye ko rakodin. Kada a taɓa qwai a cikin kwanuka bayan kwanciya. Mace na iya sa ƙwai a kowane wata.
Daidaitacce terrarium / akwatin kifaye: zafin jiki na ruwa don tadpoles - 18-23 ° C.
Matsakaicin maza da mata: 2-3: 1
Haihuwa / shiryawa: lokacin da ake kiwo a cikin bauta, ana lura da adadi mai yawa na qwai wanda ba a haifa ba. Don haka, idan a cikin awanni 18-30 bayan kwanciya, babu alamun cigaban amfrayo a cikin qwai, wannan yana nuna cewa ba a hadasu ba.
Zuriya: ƙyanƙyashe ƙwaya a cikin kwanaki 2-6. Fesa qwai a kai a kai. A duk tsawon lokacin cin gaban tadpoles, tabbatar an share ruwan daga ƙoshin tadpoles. Don share wutsiyar tadpoles, kuna buƙatar shirya ƙari da ƙari: yi rairayin bakin teku mai laushi (sa bakin tekun tare da gansakuka) domin frolog din su fita daga cikin ruwa. Da zaran mantella ya zo ƙasa kuma ya girma zuwa 5-10 mm, dole ne a sanya shi a cikin kwandon filastik na musamman (theasan kwandon an yi layi tare da gansakuka), kar a manta da saka ƙaramin kwano (2.5 cm a diamita) tare da ruwa a ciki. Yara manya-manya suna ciyar da aphids, tunda Drosophila sun yi girma a kansu. A wannan matakin ci gaba, ana lura da mace-mace a cikin kashi 30 - 50 cikin dari don faɗakarwa, komai yawan abincin da aka samu. Bayan makonni 10-12, ana zane zane a cikin launuka masu haske kuma girma zuwa 10-14 mm.
Ciyar da matasa: tadpoles sune herbivores, amma suna iya cin nama, abincin kifi (kifi) da salatin (ganye yana lesa ganye a ƙasan farfajiya tare da dutse).
Adadin girma: ya danganta da nau'in - kwanaki 45-360.
Cututtukan Mantella na Zinare
Isarfin cututtukan cuta: hotalles suna yawanci rashin lafiya saboda rashin daidaituwa, kuma idan an kama su a cikin yanayi, to tabbas suna cikin rashin lafiya (saboda haka ya fi kyau a sayi kayan gado waɗanda aka haifa cikin bauta). Tare da babban zafi, mantella sauƙin yin rashin lafiya tare da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban. Duk sabon frogs dole ne a keɓe su don makonni 2.
Babban cututtukan: kamuwa da cuta tare da ƙwayoyin cuta Aeromonas hydrophilia, HRMSS (ciwo na ƙwayar tsoka saboda ƙarancin zafi), sauran cututtuka na amphibians.
Bayani: maza maza na kyautar zinari sun fi ƙanana da na bakin ciki fiye da na mace, ba su da laushi kamar na sauran nau'ikan taskokin. Wani lokacin, kwaɗi a cinyoyin ciki suna iya ganin dige-ja (aibobi), waɗannan ba alamun cutar ba “jan kafa”, amma launi na dabi'ar zinare na zinare.
Mantella gwal (Mantella aurantiaca)
Sako ilya 72 »Aug 04, 2014 8:58 pm
Zazzabi na ciki: 22-24
Abinci: insectsananan kwari
Orara ko ƙara bayanin Mantella gwal (Mantella aurantiaca) mai yiwuwa a cikin wannan zaren.
Yi tambaya game da Mantella gwal (Mantella aurantiaca) mai yiwuwa a cikin wannan zaren ko a cikin sashen Terrarium
Tsarin sararin samaniya domin gidajen adon zinariya
Kodayake waɗannan frogs ɗin sunyi ƙanana kaɗan, suna buƙatar filin ƙasa mai fili. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa maza suna nuna ƙarancin yanki: suna faɗa don wuraren ciyarwa da haifuwa.
Ga rukuni na mutane 6, terrarium na 80 by 30 by 30 santimita ya dace. An samarda cewa a cikin farfajiyar za a sami mafaka da abubuwa da yawa waɗanda za su ƙyalƙyawar gani. Yawan mafaka ya kamata yayi daidai da adadin frogs.
Tana zaune a cikin ruwan-daji na wurare masu zafi, a cikin ƙananan yankuna da na tsakiya na tsaunuka.
Ana iya dasa tsire-tsire a cikin baranda, amma ana iya amfani da sutturan masu sauƙin. Fiye da tsire-tsire masu rai sune fin so, saboda suna kama da ban sha'awa.
Madadin da ke cikin farfajiyar ya kamata ya riƙe danshi yayin da bai manne wa jikin frogs ba. Karku yi amfani da tsakuwa; zaku iya sanya tawul na takarda a ƙasan terrarium.
Wajan terrarium ya kamata a sanye shi da murfi mai amintacce, tunda kayan zinare zasu iya hawa har zuwa kananan wuta.
Wadannan frogs ba su jure yanayin zafi sosai da bushe iska.
Danshi da zazzabi a cikin terrarium
Wadannan frogs suna da zafin jiki sosai. A cikin terrarium, ana bada shawara don kula da yawan zafin jiki na 20 digiri 20 yayin rana, kuma da dare ana saukar da shi zuwa digiri 18. Lokacin da abun da ke ciki na katako na zinariya a zazzabi sama da digiri 27, sai su fara murɗawa tsokoki, waɗanda ke ƙare da mutuwa. Amma sun yi haƙuri da saukad da yawan zafin jiki zuwa digiri 14.
Wadannan frogs ji mai girma a cikin babban zafi. Idan yanayin zafi yayi ƙasa, to mantella ya zama mai rauni, kuma tare da bushe ƙasa, kwayoyin jikinsu yana bushewa da sauri. A cikin terrarium, zafi yakamata ya zama 70-100%. A saboda wannan, mazaunin mantellas ana fesa shi a kai a kai tare da ruwa, ko kuma za a iya sanya ruwa mai ruwa.
Tainunshe da mantells a cikin baranda a kwance nau'in yanayi tare da lokacin farin ciki na ƙasa na hygroscopic.
A duk shekara, mantell na zinariya ya kamata a sami akwati na ruwa, wanda ake amfani dashi azaman tafki. Amma rairayin bakin teku yakamata ya zama ya dace domin kwartayen su iya fita lafiya, saboda ba manyan masu iyo ba ne, kuma za su iya nutsuwa idan har ba za su iya fita daga ruwan ba. Ana amfani da ruwan famfo tare da kwandishan don cire chlorine da karafa masu nauyi; maimakon ruwan famfo, ruwan kwalba yana aiki sosai.
Kiwon zinare na Zinare
Zane mai launin zinare yana da kyau idan aka adana su cikin rukuni wanda a ciki akwai maza da yawa ga kowace mace. Don haɓaka haifuwa na tsawon watanni uku, an ƙirƙiri microclimate mai sanyi da bushe, yana rage haske zuwa awa 10 a rana. Ana rage matakin ruwa, kuma ana fesar da farfajiya sau biyu a mako kawai. A irin wannan lokacin, yakamata a kula da lafiyar dabbobi musamman a hankali, tunda waɗannan yanayin ba su da wadatar su. Idan wasu mutane suka rasa nauyi ko suka yi sanyi, to za a tura su zuwa farfajiya tare da ingantattun yanayi.
Ganyen Mantella na Zinare.
Bayan watanni 2-3, zazzabi, zafi da ƙarfin ciyarwa ke ƙaruwa. Bayan 'yan makonni bayan lokacin sanyi da lokacin bushewa, mace yawanci sukan fara watsewa.
Mace sa ƙwai a cikin m da dumi crevice, misali, a karkashin bunches na gansakuka. Sau da yawa maza takin kawai ɗan maraƙin. Daga masonry ɗaya, ana iya samun adadin tadpoles daban-daban daga mutum 10-90. Eggswai waɗanda ba a amfani dasu suna da launin fari mai haske, amma saurin su juya launin ruwan kasa.
Zai fi kyau a kiyaye irin wannan kwaɗi a cikin rukuni, suna da ƙaunar kamfanoni.
Ana girbe ƙwai bayan kwana 3 kuma a sanya su cikin wani akwati dabam a cikinsu waɗanda suke girma. Ana sanya ƙwai a cikin kwatancen moss na Javanese, saboda ba su cikin ruwa gaba ɗaya, amma kawai taɓa shi. A cikin mako guda, tadpoles zai haɗu a cikin caviar. Dole ne a rufe kwandon don ya riƙe danshi. Ana ɗaukar Caviar lokaci-lokaci tare da ruwa don sauƙaƙe tadpoles ɗin ƙyanƙyashe.
Kula da Mantella Tadpole na Zinare
Kwanakin farko bayan kyankyashewar tadpoles, basu basu abinci ba. Tadpoles ana girma a cikin kwantena na filastik tare da moss na Javanese da mai tushe na sikirin, tadpoles suna ɓoye a cikin tsire-tsire, kuma suna haɓaka ingancin ruwa.
Jariri tadpoles na sabon kamfani na zinariya.
Da farko, zurfin ruwa a cikin akwati shine 5 santimita, amma a tsawon lokaci an ɗaga shi zuwa santimita 10. Ana amfani da ruwan famfo ne kawai idan an bi da shi tare da kwandishan, tunda tadpoles na buƙatar ingancin ruwa. Ana kiyaye zafin jiki na ruwa tsakanin kewayon digiri 18-26. Amma canji bai kamata ya zama mai mahimmanci ba.
Ana ciyar da tadpoles cakuda spirulina ƙasa, chlorella na ƙasa, flakes kifin da pellets don kunkuru. Duk kayan haɗin suna ƙasa a cikin turmi kuma ana ba tadpoles kowace rana.Ba za ku iya shawo kansu ba, saboda ruwa nan da nan sai ganima. Tadpoles kuma suna cin algae daga bangon ganga da takwarorinsu da suka mutu.
A cikin manya, gabobin subcutaneous na toxins kamar Pumiliotoxin, Allopumiliotoxin, Homopumiliotoxin, da sauransu.
Ba a tace ruwa ba, amma ana canza shi akai-akai, tunda ya kwarara ruwa yana da lahani ga tadpoles mai rauni. Kowace rana, 1/3 na ruwa ana maye gurbinsa, kuma an canza shi gaba ɗaya, kawai idan matsaloli suka taso.
Haɓaka tadpoles daga masonry iri ɗaya ba koyaushe ake faruwa ba. Tadpoles yana girma kimanin makonni 4-8. Lokacin da goshinn su ya bunkasa, sai su fita daga cikin ruwa, a wannan lokacin ake sanya su nan da nan cikin wani akwati daban tare da matakin ruwa bai wuce santimita 1.3 ba. An kuma rufe wannan ganga.
Lokacin da wutsiyar ta ɓace a cikin tadpoles, ana shuka ƙananan kwalaben a cikin fitar tare da tawul ɗin takarda a ƙasa. Yakamata akwai mafaka, ganyen itacen oak, ganyen magarya, ko tsire-tsire masu wucin gadi.
Dangane da rarrabuwa na kungiyar IUCN, yawan jinsin jinsunan Golden Mantella, saboda lalataccen tsari na gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, ana rarrabe shi azaman Haɓakar anan Adam (CR) kuma yana fuskantar barazanar lalata.
Matasa Mantella Kula
Lokacin da wutsiyar ta ɓace gaba ɗaya, tsawon tsintsaye zai zama mil 7-10. A wannan lokacin suna da launi mai launin shuɗi-tagulla. Frog ɗin yana ciyar da ƙananan kwari. Drosophila da crickets jariri sun dace da wannan dalilin.
Idan kwaɗin sun yi ƙanana da yawa kuma har yanzu ba za su iya jure musu irin wannan abincin ba, to, za a sanya guda na ganye na humus daga kan titi a cikin kwandon shara, a cikin abin da ke samo frogs ɗin ga ƙananan kwari.
Lokacin da kwaɗi suka cika watanni 2-3, ana watsa su cikin jaka tare da ƙasa mai laushi, inda akwai duwatsu, guda na haushi da tsire-tsire na wucin gadi.
Hakanan ana kulawa da frogs, harma da zobban ado na zinare, sauyin yanayin canje-canje ne na ciyarwa. Matasa frogs yakamata koyaushe su sami abinci a cikin farfajiyar. Watanni 3-8 bayan kwalayen sun bar ruwan, suna da launin launi.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Labari
An karɓi sunansa na kimiyya da girmamawa ga masanin kimiyyar Amurka ɗan asalin Czech James Zetek, wanda ya shahara saboda binciken da ya yi a fagen tasirin sunadarai a kan maginan ƙasa da kuma yadda ake kare kayan daga mamayewa. Hotonta an sanya shi a kan tikiti na kasar ta Panamiyan irin caca, da yawa suna kallon ta a matsayin alama ce ta kasar.
Wannan dan amphibian yana daya daga cikin halittun da suke da guba a duniyarmu. Don karewa daga masu ƙaddara, a saman jikinsa yana ɗauke da neurotoxin tetrodotoxin, wanda ke da tasirin neuroparalytic. Mayar da hankali ya isa ya aika da mutane da yawa zuwa duniya mai zuwa. 'Yan asalin Indiya da ke gargajiya suna man shafawa da kibiya kafin farauta kuma suna ɗauke da waɗannan haltin masu haɗari amma cute kamar dabbobi.
Bayanin
Tsawon jikin mutum yakai 35-47 cm, kuma mace 45-63 mm. Arfin nauyi daga 4 zuwa 15 g .. Jiki mai santsi yayi kama da lahani sosai.
Fata mai laushi yana da launin rawaya ko ruwan lemo tare da duhu masu duhu da yawa daban-daban. Shugaban dan kadan kunkuntar gajer Manyan idanu masu ɗalibin yara suna zaune a gaɓojin kai can gaba. Kunnuwa ba su iya gani, an rufe jejin da fata. Maganin gubar dake akwai a bayan idanu.
Yaɗa
Atelope Tseteka tana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan da ke cike da gargaɗi na Tsakiyar Amurka. A halin yanzu an samo shi ne kawai a tsakiyar yankin na Panama. Thearshen adadin adadin ƙwallon zinaren an kiyaye su a cikin lardunan yammacin Panama da Kokle. Suna zaune a kusa da karamin gari na El Valle de Anton da kuma cikin Altos de Campana National Park a tsaunin 330-1300 m sama da matakin teku.
Tsarin Atelopus zeteki yana mataki na karewa. A cikin Houston Zoo (Amurka), ana kan fara aiki don haifuwa da shi a zaman talala tare da ci gaba da zama a cikin mazaunin halitta. Amphibians suna zaune a dazuzzuka kuma suna iya haifar da yanayin rayuwa da rashin daidaituwa a rayuwa.
Frogs sau da yawa ana kamuwa da ƙwayar naman gwari Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Basu iya samun kariya a kansa ba, wanda hakan ya haifar da raguwar adadin adadi na su. Har yanzu dai ba a samar da maganin da zai iya magance wannan cutar ba.
Sadarwa
Frogs na zinari na Panama na sadarwa da juna ta hanyar sautin makogwaro da motsi mai ban sha'awa na kafafu. Arsenal na siginar sadarwa yana da fadi kuma yana iya yada dumbin bayanai. Ana amfani da motsa jiki musamman don kafa tsarin matsayi, alaƙar jama'a, don nuna rashin jituwa ko abokantaka.
'Yan uwan amruka masu rai suna ganin matsayin wata gabar da rashin adadi ta mutum ta zama kira zuwa ga aiki, za su iya, bayan haduwa mara dadi, za su iya shiga cikin fushin gaske da kuma kai hari ga kabilun kabilu. Ana amfani da siginar sauti sau da yawa don jawo hankalin mutane na mata da maza idan kuma akwai haɗari.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Manyan abinci suna ba da ƙwayoyin cuta, tsofaffi suna cin kwari, gizo-gizo da ƙwayoyin milipedes. Ana farauta farauta a lokacin hasken rana. Kololuwar ayyukanta yana faruwa ne a safiya da yamma.
Jiki yana neman ganima a saman ƙasa, yana tafiya tare da ganyayyaki masu juye.
Idan ya cancanta, deftly tsalle a kan rassan da samun ganima a can. Maharbi yakan farauto daga maharan, yana kama wani wanda aka azabtar da shi da saurin motsa harshen.
Kiwo
Frog ɗin zinare ya kai lokacin balaga yana ɗan shekara ɗaya. Lokacin damuna yana faruwa ne a lokacin bazara a lokacin damana, lokacin da aka kafa ambaliyar ruwa, saboda haka, don buɗaɗɗen rami, an yi amfani da lambun cike da ruwa ko ƙananan alamun an hau tuddai.
Maza sun gaji da gajiyawa don haifar da mata. Caviar amai da hadinsa yana faruwa lokaci guda. A cikin ɗayan huɗun akwai kimanin ƙwai 100, waɗanda ba su fi 70-90% hadi.
Kwana da yawa, namiji ne kaɗai ke ƙarar da masarar, yana jiran haihuwar zuriya yayin da keɗewar ciki.
Idan a wannan lokacin ruwan da yake cikin rami ko cikin buhunan ya bushe, to mahaifin da yake kula yana jujjuya 'ya'yansa zuwa wasu tafki mafi kusa.
Tadpole na ci gaba har zuwa makonni 4. Rashin abinci yana haifar da cutar mutum a cikin lardin. Wadanda suka ci sa'a suna fuskantar cikakken metamorphosis kuma suna juya tsintsaye matasa kimanin tsayi 10 mm kuma suna nauyin 1 1. Suna da launi mai launi, wanda a hankali ya ɓace yayin da suke girma.
Matasa, masu launin shuɗi masu duhu basu da guba. A cikin manya, gabobin subcutaneous na toxins mai guba kamar su Pumiliotoxin, Allopumiliotoxin, Homopumiliotoxin, Pyrrolizidine, Indolizidine da Quinolizidine, waɗanda ke kare frogs daga ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtukan fungal, da kuma daga barazanar magabaci. Haɗin abinci da intensarfin da gubobi da kayan zinaren ke amfani da su ya dogara da abincinsu da mazauninsu, mai yiwuwa tururuwa da filayen amfani da abinci sune tushen su.
Kariyar kasa da kasa
Dangane da rarrabuwa na kungiyar IUCN, yawan jinsin jinsunan Golden Mantella, saboda lalataccen tsari na gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, ana rarrabe shi azaman Haɓakar anan Adam (CR) kuma yana fuskantar barazanar lalata. A cikin shekarun 1990s, an kama kwandunan zinare da haɓaka da yawa a ƙasashen waje, inda aka siyar da su ga wuraren shakatawa na masu zaman kansu. A shekara ta 2006, an shigo da wannan nau'in kwalayen a cikin kasashen kungiyar Turai baki daya. A halin yanzu, an adana gilasan zinare tare da yin bincike a cikin duniyar ta a cikin wuraren binciken dabbobi 35 da cibiyoyin kimiyya.
Yanayin tsarewa
Don tabbatarwa, kuna buƙatar ƙaramin ƙarami mai sauƙi, an rufe shi saman tare da raga da gilashin sashi (don kula da zafi). Frogs suna buƙatar babban zafi - 85 - 95%, don wannan an fesa terrarium daga fesawa da ruwa mai ɗumi. Kari akan haka, kuna buƙatar sanya mafakkun rigar da yawa daga guda na haushi da snags. Mai shayarwar yakamata ya zama mara zurfi, daga ciki zai kasance mai sauƙi ga frogs su fita. Isasa itace cakuda kyawawan ganye, ƙurar itace da peat ko sphagnum, a saman an rufe ta da matashin gansakuka. Zazzabi yayin rana - 25, da dare - 20 ° C. Diapause yana da shawarar: a cikin hunturu, ana kiyaye mantells a zazzabi na 5-10 ° С tsawon watanni biyu. Wadannan frogs ba su jure yanayin zafi sosai da bushe iska.
Paramin kandami ya zama dole a cikin terrarium, matakin ruwa wanda bai kamata ya zama ya fi 2-3 cm ba. Foresturukan tsaunuka na Cool tare da kewayon zazzabi 15-24 ° C da kuma zafi mai laushi (har zuwa 90%). Lokacin damina yana da kimanin watanni shida: daga Nuwamba zuwa Maris, lokacin bushewa (ya yi sanyi) ya faɗi a kan Afrilu-Oktoba. Za'a iya samun mantella na zinare a doron ƙasa da ciyayi, a ƙarƙashin ganye ko tushen itacen.
