Sabon sabo
Namiji na sabuwar al'ada a cikin sutturar yau da kullun da ta dace
Tsarin kimiyya

• Lacerta vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758
• Lacerta aquatica Linnaeus, 1758
• Lacerta palustris Linnaeus, 1758
• Triton palustris Laurenti, 1768
• Tarison parisinus Laurenti, 1768
• Salamandra exigua Laurenti, 1768
• Gecko triton Meyer, 1795
• Jirgin ruwa na Gecko (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Salamandra taeniata Schneider, 1799
• Salamandra palustris (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Salamandra abdominalis Latreille, 1800
• Salamandra punctata Latreille, 1800
• Lacerta triton Retzius, 1800
• Salamandra elegans Daudin, 1803
• Molge punctata (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Molge palustris (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Molge cinerea Merrem, 1820
• Triton taeniatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Lacerta taeniata (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Triton ciki (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Triton vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Triton na cikin ruwa (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Takaddar Triton (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Molge taeniata (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Salamandra vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Salamandra lacepedii Andrzejowski, 1832
• Triton bayyane (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Lissotriton punctatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Alamar lophinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Triton laevis Higginbottom, 1853
• Pyronicia punctata (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Molge vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Gekko tryrus Schreiber, 1912
• Triton hoffmanni Szeliga-Mierzeyewksi da Ulasiewicz, 1931
• Lophinus vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Triturus vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758)

Sabon sabo (lat. Lissotriton vulgaris) - nau'in sabbin abubuwa ne da suka zama ruwan dare daga dabi'ar kananan sabbin abubuwa (Lissotriton) odan maganin caudate amphibians. An fara bayyana jinsin a cikin 1758 daga masanin dabi'ar Sweden Karl Linnaeus.

Bayanin

Sabuwar al'ada itace ɗayan mafi ƙarancin sababbin sababbin, tsayin jiki daga 7 zuwa 11 cm, ciki har da wutsiya, wanda shine rabin tsawon tsayin jikin. Maza yawanci suna girma fiye da mace, akasarin bambance-bambance a cikin girman an bayyana su a lokacin lokacin canjin. Hakanan yayin wannan lokacin, mazan da ke cikin sabon sabo suna fitowa da alamar ƙoshin ciki. Sauran lokutan, mace da namiji suna da bambanci da juna.

Fata yana da santsi ko dan kadan grained. Launin Jiki yana da launin ruwan kasa-da-fata ko zaitun, ciki mai launin rawaya ko haske mai haske tare da duhu duhu, maza suna da launi mai duhu.

Siffar halayyar sabon ƙarami itace madaidaiciya madaidaiciya madaidaiciya wacce ke ratsa idanun bangarorin kai sama da sauran aiyukan. Talakawa sabon gari sukan rikita su da nitrous tritons (Lissotriton mai taimako), zai yuwu a tantance nau'in ta hanyar bayyanar duhu a makogwaron - basa nan a cikin sinadarin nitrite mai dauke da sabo. Crest na sabon talakawa bashi da wutsiya a gindin wutsiya, sabanin yadda aka sabonta.

Tsawon rayuwa a cikin yanayin halitta ya kasance har zuwa shekaru 6 da kimanin shekaru 20 a fursuna.

Tsarin rayuwa

A farkon lokacin bazara, daga Maris zuwa Afrilu, sabbin jiguna suna tafiya zuwa gawarwakin ruwa. Talakawa Sabont na matukar tsayayya da yanayin zafi. Wani lokaci wakilan wannan nau'in ana iya samunsu a jikin jikunan ruwa wadanda a ɗan rufe da kankara.

Kusan kai tsaye bayan farkawa, sababbin ke fara ninka. Bayyanar sabuwar gwaiba a lokacin canjin yanayi - da launi na mace ya zama haske, maza a bango daga bayan kai har zuwa karshen wutsiya suna haɓaka ɗaukar hoto ko mahimmin jigilar jigila, mawadata a cikin jiragen ruwa da kuma aiki a matsayin ƙarin ƙwayar numfashi. Wannan aikin yana gudana da membranes akan paws. Wani layin shuɗi yana gudana a ƙasa da tushe.

Namiji yana jan hankalin mace ta hanyar al'ada - yana yin halayyar halayyar-kamar motsi tare da wutsiyarsa. Yana sha'awar mace, sai ya jefar da maniyyi, wanda yake dauko fitsarin. Takaitaccen ciki yana faruwa a jikin mace.

Bayan 'yan kwanaki, mace ta fara yin layyata da kawunansu, kusan qwai 10 a rana, domin tsawon lokacin kiwo, qwai da yawa (a cewar wasu kafofin, daga 60 zuwa 700). Girman ƙwai ya kasance daga 2 zuwa 3 mm, siffar ta m ce. Kowane kwai yana a haɗe da ganyen tsire-tsire na ruwa.

Bayan kimanin makonni biyu zuwa uku (dangane da yawan zafin jiki na ruwa), tsutsa girman girman rabin santimita ya bayyana. Kudancin abinci suna ci akan sauro da ƙananan crustaceans. Ba kamar tsohuwar hanyar sabon sabo ba, numfashi a cikin tsutsa yana faruwa ne da taimakon taimakon kwayar ta waje. Yawancin lokaci, larvae sun dauki matakan metamorphosis a ƙarshen bazara, amma akwai lokuta lokacin da larvae ya kasance a cikin jikin ruwa har sai lokacin bazara mai zuwa, kazalika da maganganun ci gaban neotenic na larvae.

Matasa tritons na iya molt sau da yawa a lokacin bazara. Aiki cikin dare, yana ɓoyewa da rana.

Balagagge cikin sabuwar al'ada na faruwa ne tun yana ɗan shekara 3. Hunturu, sababbi suna kashe ɓarna cikin ɓoyayyen ganye, ɓarna, ɗakuna.

Rayuwa

Yana zaune galibi cikin ruwa, akasarin lokacin lokacin kiwo - a cikin tafkunan ruwa tare da daskararru ko kuma ruwa mai gudana (rafukan ruwa, ruwa, ditches). Ana samunsa a cikin wuraren shakatawa, kwarin kogi. Kirkin ya rikida zuwa dazuzzuka a farfajiyar ruwan da ba ta da nisa da dazuzzuka da cakuda. Wasu lokuta ana samun sabbin abubuwa kusa da ƙasar noma, a cikin lambuna har ma a cikin lambunan kayan lambu. A kan tudu, manya kan kwana a ranar tsabtar daji, a gindin bishiyoyi, duwatsu da katako, da dai sauransu A lokacin ana iya ganin su ne kawai a cikin ruwan sama ko lokacin ƙaura zuwa wuraren kiwo.

A cikin ruwa ruwa rayuwa, talakawa sabon sabo ciyar a kan kananan crustaceans, kwari larvae, da na cikin ruwa mollusks. A kan tudu, babban kayan abinci sune gwoza, matattarar malam buɗe ido, millipedes, ƙwayoyin harsashi, gizo-gizo da kuma mayukan ƙasa. Larvae cinye daphnia, cizon sauro da sauran dabbobin da ke lalatattun dabbobi.

Abokan halitta na yau da kullun sune kwari masu ruwa iri iri, lardinsu, kifaye, kwaɗi da wasu nau'in tsuntsayen.

Kare iri

Daya daga cikin manyan dalilan da ke haifar da raguwar yawan sabbin mutane shi ne lalata da kuma lalata jikin ruwan - wurin zama na wannan nau'in. Don haka, alal misali, a Switzerland a cikin shekarun 1950s, kusan kashi 70% na wuraren ramuka na diyya sun lalace, sakamakon wanda a shekarar 1972 adadin sabbin kayan maye a Switzerland ya ragu sau 4.

Biyan kuɗi

A halin yanzu, pean asalin 7 na sabo ne na kowa da kowa ana ɗaukar su a duk duniya ba a bayyana asalin 1926 ba ] :

• Lissotriton vulgaris ampelensis Fuhn, 1951 - Ampel Newt, ko innabi Triton [ba a bayyana asalin 1926 ba], wanda aka samo a arewa maso yamma Romania. Tabon murfin ya yi kasa, yana isa zuwa mm mm 2-4 a iyakar matsakaici a tsakiyar baya.
• Lissotriton vulgaris graecus - Areca na kowa sabo [ba a bayyana asalin 1926 ba], Akwai mazaunan ƙasar Girka (gami da tsibirin Ionian), Albania, Makedoniya, ana samunsu a Bulgaria.
• Lissotriton vulgaris kosswigi - Kosswig Common Triton [ba a bayyana asalin 1926 ba], Mazaunin kudu maso yamma na tekun Bahar Maliya (Turkiya).
• Lissotriton vulgaris lantzi - Talakawa Newt Lanza [ba a bayyana asalin 1926 ba], Mazaunan gabashin tekun Bahar Maliya - yankuna na kudu na Rasha, Georgia, arewacin Armenia, Azerbaijan. An samo shi a cikin Russia a cikin gonakin Krasnodar da Stavropol, a Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia da Arewacin Ossetia.
• Lissotriton vulgaris meridionalis - Kasuwancin Newba a bayyana asalin 1926 ba], Gidaje a kudancin Switzerland, arewacin Italiya, Slovenia.
• Lissotriton vulgaris schmidtlerorum - Schmidtler na kowa Triton [ba a bayyana asalin 1926 ba], Wanda aka samo a yammacin Turkiyya.
• Lissotriton vulgaris vulgaris shine mafi ƙarancin biyan kuɗi, yana da mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin dukkanin ƙananan hanyoyin da aka saba da su - daga Ireland zuwa Yammacin Siberiya. A cikin Rasha, jigilar ra'ayoyin suna zaune a yammacin yankin na ƙasar, ciki har da Karelia da Caucasus. Ya banbanta da sauran tallafin ta hanyar ƙaramin ƙarfi da girman kai, yana kaiwa matsakaicin tsawo a yankin cloaca. Isarshen wutsiya ta yi nuni.

Siffofi da mazauninsu na sabon sabo

Sabon sabo dangana ga aji 'yan amphibians. Domin rayuwarsa tana faruwa cikin abubuwa biyu: ruwa da ƙasa. Wannan nau'in wasan liwadi na ko'ina cikin Turai. Shi ne mafi ƙarancin duk abin da za'a iya samu a Rasha.

Girman triton ya bambanta tsakanin 9-12 cm, kuma rabin sa shine wutsiya. An rufe jiki da jin daɗi ga taɓawa, ɗan ƙaramar fata. Launinta na iya canzawa tsawon rayuwa: haske ko akasin haka duhu.

Launi na baya kanta, sau da yawa zaitun-launin ruwan kasa, tare da kunkuntar ratsi na tsaye. A cikin maza, ana iya ganin manyan duhu duhu a jiki, wanda mata ba su da shi. Shedding yana faruwa a cikin sababbi kowace mako.

A cikin wannan lamuran, fatar ta kan sanya sirrin guba. Ga mutum, ba barazana ba ce, amma idan ya shiga jikin dabba dabba mai daɗin jini, zai iya haifar da mutuwa. Yana lalata platelet a cikin jini, kuma zuciya tsaya a nan ba talakawa sabo tana kare kanta.

A lokacin kiwo, babban crest ya fara girma cikin maza, an yi masu withan launuka tare da ruwan lemo mai shuɗi. Yana aiwatar da aikin ƙarin sashin motsin rai, kamar yadda yake shiga cikin jijiyoyin jini da yawa. Za'a iya ganin tsefe hoto namiji talakawa sabo.

Dukkan kafafu huɗu na larabus suna da kyau kuma duka suna da tsawon su. Yatsun yatsa hudu suna kan gaba, biyar kuma a bayan. Amphibians suna iyo da kyau da sauri suna gudana a ƙarƙashin tafki, a ƙasa basu iya yin alfahari da wannan.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa hakane talakawa sababbin na iya dawo da ba ƙarancin ƙafafun da ya ɓace ba, har ma gabobin ciki ko idanu. Tritons yana numfasawa ta fata da gills, ƙari, akwai "ninka" a kan wutsiya, tare da taimakon wanda lizard ya fitar da oxygen daga ruwa.

Suna gani da talauci, amma wannan shine ingantacciyar hanyar ƙanshi. Tritons na iya hango ganimarsu a nesa har zuwa mita 300. Hakoransu suna rarrabuwar su a kusurwa kuma suna riƙe ganima.

Sabon sabo yana zaune ne a Yammacin Turai, a Arewacin Caucasus. Kuna iya haɗuwa da shi a cikin tsaunuka, a tsawan sama da mita 2000. Kodayake ya fi zama a gare shi ya zauna a cikin gandun daji kusa da tafkuna. Ana iya ganin speciesaya daga cikin nau'ikan haɗari a bakin Tekun Baƙi, wannan sabuwar al'ada ta Lanza.

Yanayi da salon rayuwar sababbi

Rayuwa sababbi masu sabo ana iya raba shi zuwa hunturu da bazara. Tare da zuwan yanayin sanyi, a cikin ƙarshen Oktoba, ya fita don hunturu akan ƙasa. A matsayin mafaka, yakan zabi tsibi tsibi da ganye.

Neman rami da aka bari, tare da nishaɗi, zai yi amfani da shi. Sau da yawa a ɓoye cikin rukuni na mutane 30-50. Wurin da aka zaɓa yana kusa da rafin "na ƙasa". A zazzabi sifili, zazzabin ya daina motsi da daskarewa.

Tare da shigowar bazara, tuni cikin watan Afrilu, sababbi sun koma ruwa, zazzabi wanda ma zai iya zama ƙasa da 10 ° С. Suna dacewa da sanyi da sauƙi jure shi. Tritons baƙaƙe ne na dare, ba sa son haske mai haske kuma ba sa iya jure zafi, suna guje wa sarari. A lokacin rana ana iya ganin su kawai a cikin ruwan sama. Wani lokaci suna zama a cikin ƙananan garken garkuwa da yawa.

Zai iya ƙunsar gama gari sabo a ciki yanayin gida. Ba shi da wahala, kuna buƙatar farfajiya, koyaushe tare da murfi don kada mage ya iya tserewa. In ba haka ba, zai mutu kawai.

Volumearar sa yakamata ya zama akalla lita 40. A can kuna buƙatar yin sashin ruwa da karamin tsibiri na ƙasa. Mako-mako, Ya wajaba don canja ruwan kuma kula da yawan zafin jiki a kusan 20 ° C.

Musamman nuna haske da dumama terrarium ba a buƙatar. Lokacin da maza biyu suka zauna tare, yin faɗa saboda ƙasa yana yiwuwa. Sabili da haka, an bada shawara a adana su a cikin kwantena daban-daban, ko kuma kara girman terrarium sau da yawa.

Abinci na triton na yau da kullun

Abincin abinci sabo ya ƙunshi yawancin hanyoyin motsa jiki dabbobi. Haka kuma, kasancewa cikin ruwa, yana ciyar da karamin crustaceans da larvae kwari, da zasu je kasa, cikin nishadi, suna cin gorin iska da tarkace.

Wadanda abin ya shafa na iya zama daskararren kwala, kwararan harsashi, gizo-gizo, burodi. Kifi kifi da aka samo a ruwa shima yaci abinci. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa, kasancewa cikin ruwa, sabbin ƙwayoyi sun fi amfanuwa, kuma da yawa suna cika ciki. Ana ciyar da masu haɗarin cikin gida tare da magudanar jini, jatancin akwatin kifin da ciyawar ƙasa.

Mene ne triton

Tritons sune amphibians waɗanda suke da haɗin kai cikin dangin salamander. Ita, bi da bi, ya kasu kashi uku. Ofayansu ana kiransa Pleurodelinae ko Tritons. Wannan wani rukuni ne na tsoffin gwaggwon biri. Sunan a ma'ana mai fadi ba shi da madaidaicin tsari, kuma ana iya haɗa kalmar a cikin sunan dabbobi daga janareta daban-daban. Ya zo ne daga littafin tarihin tarihi.

Wadannan 'yan amphibians sun kai tsawon santimita 20, kodayake matsakaicin darajar shine kawai 9 cm.The baya na maza yawanci launin ruwan kasa ne ko ruwan zaitun tare da duhu, kuma a cikin mata yana da launi sosai a cikin sautunan launin yashi.

Yawancin lokaci fatar su tayi laushi, amma akwai nau'ikan da ke da fata mai launin fata, mai laushi.

Nau'in sababbin sababbin abubuwa suna da yawa, kuma daga cikinsu za'a iya rarrabe abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa, wanda za'a tattauna daga baya a labarin.

Comb Newt

Amphibians suna da tsawon jiki na kusan 10 zuwa 18 cm (maza sun fi girma). Jiki na sama da wutsiya baƙi ne ko baƙi. Abun ciki mai launin shuɗi ne mai launuka masu launi dabam.

Karancin wannan nau'in sabon salo ne, wanda yawanci yakan girma a cikinsu yayin lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin.

Kamar triton na yau da kullun da aka zayyana a sama, ɗaukar crest tana zaune a cikin ƙasashen Turai da yawa, ba a ɓoye ne kawai a arewacin Penasar Scandinavia da kuma Pyrenees. A kan ƙasar Rasha, mazauninta ya kai ƙarshen yankin Sverdlovsk. Gidajen wuraren da aka sabunta sune yankuna masu rarrafe da cakuda dasu, da kuma wuraren shuka tsiran daji.

Alpine Newt: Bayani

Wannan nau'in, wataƙila, yana ɗaya daga cikin kyawawan abubuwa tsakanin ƙwararrun yan adam. Fatar fata a bayan maza tayi launin ruwan kasa mai laushi tare da launin toka. A gefen gabobi gwiwoyi ne farar fata masu launin shuɗi. Abubuwan ciki na ciki mai ruwan hoda-ja a launi, wutsiya a ɓangaren ɓangaren yana launin toka da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, kuma a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren yana da ɗanɗano zaitun.

Tsawon jikin mutum zai iya kaiwa cm 13, amma, a matsayinka na mai mulki, yakai kusan cm 11. Alpine newt ya zama ruwan dare gama gari da tsaunukan Denmark, Girka, Italiya da Spain. Amfibians na wannan nau'in ba a samo su a Rasha ba.

Mai Triton

Wakilan wannan nau'in suna da launi mai launi koren haske tare da baƙar fata, wanda ke ba da fata kyakkyawar launi mai launi. Akwai wuraren farin da ke kwance a baƙar fata. Ana bambanta mata ta wani madauri na bakin ja ko ruwan lemo mai launi wanda ke gudana a jiki. Sabbin sababbin mutane suna da tsawon jiki har zuwa 17 cm.

Tritons na marmara suna rayuwa a cikin tafkuna tare da ruwa mai gudana ko a cikin koguna mai gudana mai sauƙin gudana. Rayuwar rayuwar triton daidai take, tana fifita wuraren da ke kusa da tafkuna ko koguna tare da jinkiri.

Wakilan wannan nau'in suna zaune a Portugal, Faransa da Spain.

Asiya Newaramar Newt

Wannan nau'in ya kai tsawon cm 14. Wani sifofi na musamman na amphibian ana ambatonsa sosai yayin lokacin kiwo - a cikin maza, fatar tana da launi mai haske-zaitun mai haske tare da ratsin azurfa da ƙananan baƙar fata. Suma suna da dandayan katako mai tsayi a bayansu wanda baya hawa kan wutsiya.

Wakilan wannan nau'in suna rayuwa a cikin jikunan ruwa mai gudana, a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu yaduwa da cakuda. Suna ciyar da mollusks da suke rayuwa cikin ruwa, larvae kwari, tsutsotsi da arachnids. An rarraba shi a cikin Iraq, Turkey, Georgia, Israel, Russia (Krasnodar Territory), Abkhazia.

Newark

Wannan triton yana da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan hoda kuma yana da launuka masu ruwan shuɗi-launi mai launi mara iyaka. Tafin ruwan hoda-launin ruwan kasa-ciki an rufe shi da kananan maganganu na baƙi. Wani mahimmin fasali na wadannan wakilan shine rashin murjani a bayan maza yayin lokacin dabbar, da kuma hakarkarin da ke daskarewa ta hanyar ramuka a fata. Karshen na dauke da sinadarai mai guba. Mutanen da suka manyanta wani lokaci suna girma zuwa tsawon 23 cm.

Wannan nau'in, ba kamar danginsa ba, yana da ikon jagorantar hanyoyin rayuwa na ruwa da ƙasa. Suna jin daɗin duka a cikin wucin gadi da na rami na asali, har ma a cikin raƙuman ruwa da daskararru. Aka rarrabu a Portugal, Morocco da Spain.

Sauran nau'ikan

Menene triton? Wannan kalma ba tana nufin keɓaɓɓiyar magana ba ce, amma nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu masu ban mamaki. Ban da waɗanda aka bayyana a sama, akwai wasu ƙarin halittu na waɗannan rayayyun halittu.

1. Triton Karelina. Tsawon - 13-18 cm .. Wannan shine ɗayan manyan nau'ikan subfamily. Abitats: yankuna masu tsaunuka na Georgia, Bulgaria, Serbia, Turkiya, Crimea da tekun Bahar Maliya na Rasha.
2. Ussuri ya murƙushe sabo. Tsawon jiki tare da wutsiya ya kai 18.5 cm, wutsiyarsa tayi tsayi fiye da jikin kanta. Yawan mazauna - gandun daji masu haɗama da gauraye na Koriya, gabashin Sin, kudancin Gabas na Rasha.
3. Triton-mai launin fata. Tsawon Jikin - har zuwa 22 cm Habitats - yammacin gabar Amurka da Kanada. Kamar nau'ikan sabbin ƙwayoyi, tetrodotoxin (guba mai ƙarfi) yana fitowa.
4. California Triton. Zai iya isa har zuwa cm 20. mazaunin shi ne kudu maso yammacin Amurka (Dutsen Sierra Nevada).
5. Dwarf Triton. Wani irin yanayi mai ban al'ajabi, yana da wani suna - Sina-bell ya fara sabuwa. Yana da alaƙa da simintin launin mai launin ja mai haske na ciki. Habitat - China (gabashin da tsakiyar kasar). Sau da yawa ana sa shi a cikin aquariums.

Halayya da abinci na asali

Rayuwar mai shayarwar ruwa an kasu kashi biyu: yanayi da damuna. Latterarshen yana nunawa da tashi daga cikin 'yar amfaniya don hunturu. Don yin wannan, manya suna neman mafaka da ɓoye ko ɓoyayyiyar rami. Sabbin mutane suna yin hijabi a cikin gungun waɗanda zasu iya kasancewa mutum 50 ne. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya kai sifiri, mai ruwa ya daskare, ya dakatar da motsi gaba daya.

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Tuni a farkon Maris-Afrilu, sababbi suna farkawa su fara wasannin daskarewa. Dabbobi ba sa son hasken rana mai haske, yanayin zafi, saboda yawancin lokaci ana aiki da dare ne.

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Amphibians suna ciyar da abubuwa ta hanyoyi. A cikin ruwa, sabbin abinci suna ciyar da larvae, crustaceans, caviar da tadpoles. A kan tudu, abincinsu ya bambanta tare da dusar ƙanƙara, kwari, ɓarna, ƙwaya, gizo-gizo. Kasancewa a cikin wani kandami, abincin ci a cikin sababbin, kuma suna ƙoƙari su cika ciki yadda zai yiwu.

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Nau'in Tritons

Akwai ƙasashe bakwai na amphibians na wannan rukunin:

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• talakawa - halin gaban wani babban serrated crest a baya,
• Triton Lanza - na son zama a cikin gandun daji masu gauraye da filaye,
• ampelous (innabi) - manya suna da gajeren hancin ciki zuwa 4 mm ba ga tsawo,
• Girkanci - galibi ana samun su a Girka da Makedoniya,
• Kossvig Triton - wanda aka gani a Turkiyya kawai,
• kudu
• Schmidtler Triton.

A mafi yawancin halayen, sabon birni na yau da kullun suna neman mazauninsu tare da ciyayi mai kyau, sabili da haka, an samo su a kusan duka duniya.

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Kiwo

A lokacin da ya kai shekaru biyu, sababbin abubuwa sun isa balaga. Daga Maris zuwa Yuni, suna da wasannin mating, tare da raye-raye na musamman da shafa fuskar mace. Don mamakin wanda aka zaɓa, mazan suna tsaye a kan gaban damansu ba da daɗewa ba kuma suna yin rawar ƙarfi, sakamakon abin da ruwa ya jefa kan mace. Wakilan maza sun fara doke wutsiyarsu a garesu kuma suna kallon mace. Idan aboki ya burge ta, sai ta tafi, tana neman wanda aka zaba.

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Mace da taimakon essanyensu na haɗiye maniyyin da maza suka bar a kan duwatsun, kuma takin cikin ya fara. Matan sun sami damar sa har ƙwai 700, wanda bayan makonni 3 larvae ya bayyana. A kan ƙasa, sabon girma ya fito bayan watanni 2.

Bayyanar

Sabon ƙaramin sabo ne ɗayan ƙananan sababbi. 9 ƙananan tallata sanannu ne. Fata na da santsi ko lafiya-grained. Ya rarrabe tsakanin jan, shuɗi-kore da rawaya. An shirya masu bude a cikin layi daya, zazzagewa kaɗan a baya. Wani madauri mai duhu mai duhu ya wuce ta ido. Wutsiya tayi gajarta, daidai take, ko dan kadan fiye da jiki tare da kai. Tsofaffin sabbin garken sheda sau ɗaya a mako. An rufe jikin namiji tare da manyan duhu duhu (duk tsawon shekara), wanda ba ya cikin mata. A lokacin kiwo, namiji yana yin jijjiga - ƙarin sashin ƙwayar rai. Ana kawo tsefe mai yawa tare da jijiyoyin jini, wanda ke haɓaka babban adadin fata na hura fata. Crest of the newt is solid, tare da kadan lanƙwasa a saman, an orange iyakar da shuɗi tsiri wucewa daga ƙasa. A cikin mace, crest ba ya inganta. Ana amfani da ƙwarewar rayuwa a duk rayuwa. Hankalin warin yana da haɓaka sosai: yawan adadin ƙwayoyin masu karɓar sati 1 cm 2 na ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwal zai kai 200,000.

Habitat

A lokacin bazara da kuma lokacin kiwo, talakawa sabo ne zaune a cikin ruwa mai tsayayyen ruwa tare da ciyayi mai kyau (pH 5.6-7.8) na gandun daji da aka haɗa. Ana kiyaye shi a zurfin 5 cm cm 5. Bayan yaduwa, yana motsawa zuwa dazuzzukan m inuwa a cikin zuriyar dajin. Wasu lokuta ana samun su a nesa daga 300 m daga jikin ruwa mafi kusa. Ba ya zama a cikin fadama cike da rafukan oxygen tare da karancin ruwan sha.

Abinci mai gina jiki / Abinci

A cikin ruwa, talakawa ke iya cinye sauro a lardin sauro, ƙananan crustaceans, mollusks, kwari, larvae na kwaro, wani lokacin tadpoles na toads, ƙwai kifi, shrimps, da kuma katantanwa na ruwa. A duniya, tana cin ciyawar ƙasa, milipedes, beetles, butterflies, caterpillars, mastites mites, gizo-gizo da sauran invertebrates. Sabon ciki, yayin da yake zaune cikin ruwa, ya cika 70- 90%, kuma akan ƙasa - 65%.

Amincewa da ladabi

Namiji yana jiran mace a cikin tafkin. Lokacin da mace ta bayyana, sai ya matso kusa da ita, ya yi iyo, kusa da gemunsa, da abin sha. Bayan ya tabbata cewa mace tana gaban shi, namiji zai fara rawa. Ya ci gaba kuma, ya sami kansa a gaban matar, ya yi tunani mai ƙarfi. Kimanin sakanni goma, namiji ya tsaya a kasan kafarshi, yana daga jikinsa sama da jingina kawai a gaban cinyoyinsa. Juyayi ya biyo baya, gashin kansa ya rage a daidai wannan wurin da yake, jikin ya faɗi, wutsiya ya lanƙwasa da ƙarfi yana tura ruwa kai tsaye akan mace. Namijin sabo ya ɗauki hutu, sannan, yana tsaye gaban mace, sai ya lanƙata wutsiyarsa da sauri ya bugi nasu. Sannan ya tsaya, kuma bakin wutsiyar sa ya juya. Mace zata fara tafiya sannu a hankali, namiji - a bayan ta.

Mace

Ci gaba

Jariri larvae yana auna milimita 6-8. Launi haske ne, kusan monotonous, tare da launuka masu haske a gefunan, baya na da launin rawaya ko haske mai launin shuɗi. Suna da wutsiya bayyananniya, wanda an zagaye shi da kyakkyawan tatsuniyoyi, akwai dabaru na hancin gaban goshin da na waje. A kwanakin farko na rayuwa, larvae na sabon sabo numfasawa tare da gills, kuma a ƙarshen lokacin lardin sai su canza zuwa huhun hanji. Kwayoyin suna ɓacewa a cikin tsarin metamorphosis. Masu dauke da cutar ba su nan, kuma glandular outgrowths suna kan bangarorin kai - ma'aunan da ke bacewa da sauri.

Hanyoyin wando biyu na hagu sun bayyana a ranar 20 ga rayuwa. Haɓaka larvae yana ɗauki tsawon watanni 2-3. Awanni na farko na tsutsa ba su da aiki. A ƙarshen rana ta farko ta rayuwa, ana nuna bakin bakin a cikinsu, kuma a rana ta biyu, sai bakin ya fashe kuma larvae ya fara farawa da abinci. Larvae fara tsinkayen ƙwayoyin zaitun ne a rana ta uku ta rayuwa. Daga rana ta huɗu, ƙwayar mai za ta iya haifar da tsoro a cikin larvae, kuma daga ranar 9th-12th sun fara amfani da hankalinsu na ƙanshin don neman abinci. Vaan farauta, ɓoye cikin ɓarna, jefa kansu a ganima (ƙananan crustaceans da sauro sauro) tare da kaifi mai kaifi, buɗe bakinsu baki ɗaya. A matakin lardin, mace-mace mafi yawa ne. Cikakken metamorphosis yana faruwa bayan kwanaki 60-70. Tsawon tritons na matasa akan isa ƙasa shine 3-4 cm, a sa'ilin da ma'anar kuɗaɗen da fin fin ya ɓace. Bayan metamorphosis, gawa ne suka cinye ƙasar kawai.

Yawan jama'a / kiyayewa

Sabon sabo da aka jera a cikin Littafin Red na Rasha, Azerbaijan. Rarearancin da ba a taɓa samu ba a Burtaniya. An haɗa shi a cikin Babban Taron Berne (Annex III). An samo shi a ƙasa ta hannun mutane guda ɗaya, a cikin jikin ruwa lambar mutum 0.016-16000 / ha, kuma a wurare sun kai mutum 110 / m 3 na ruwa.

Ban sha'awa: Triton na ɓoye fata yana da matukar damuwa, amma guba bashi da haɗari ga ɗan adam. Don dabbobin da ke da dumin jini, kashin da ya kashe shine 7 MG a 1 kg na nauyin jiki. Guba yana haifar da haɓakar hawan jini, lalata sel da keɓaɓɓiyar jini da kuma haifar da ƙarar jini, a lokuta masu tsauri, inna ta faru, tsayawa numfashi, bugun zuciya ya juya sai dabba ta mutu.

Abinda sabon talakawa ke kama da: hoto da gajeren bayani

Wannan shi ne ɗayan :ananan sabon sabon: jimlar tsawon saurin wuce 10 cm, tare da kusan 5 cm a kowane wutsiya. An takaita da gabar jiki, daidai gwargwado. Fatar ta yi laushi ko dan kadan hatsi.

Launi na baya shine kore na zaitun ko launin ruwan kasa tare da duhu duhu, gefen ventral gefen ruwan lemo ne da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Daga dukkan sauran sabbin abubuwa, talaka ya bambanta ta gaban wasu rabe-rabe masu duhu mai duhu a garesu na kai.

A cikin bazara, a lokacin kiwo, maza sun sami kaya na musamman - launi na baya ya zama mai haske, daga ƙyallen zuwa ƙarshen wutsiya babban katako mai ƙyalƙyali tare da iyakar Orange da ƙyalli-lu'u-lu'u. A yatsunsu na hind kafafu kafa lobed karar. Launin mace a wannan lokacin shima ya zama mai haske.

Bayan lokacin kiwo, dutsen namiji ya faɗi kuma sabon kewaya zuwa yanayin rayuwar rayuwa.

Habitat

An rarraba sabon tsari daga Ingila zuwa Altai, daga Tyumen zuwa kudu na yankin Saratov. Ba wai kawai a cikin Crimea ba, a kudancin Faransa, a Spain da Portugal.

Yana zaune a dazuzzuka da cakuda daji, a cikin shukoki, cikin bel bel na kariya, gami da wuraren shakatawa da lambuna. An guji buɗe wuraren: manyan filayen, ciyayi, da sauransu. A lokacin bazara, a lokacin kiwo, sabon yana zaune ne a tsaye ko mara ruwa mai gudana na wucin gadi da kuma na dindindin na ruwa.

Wasannin lalata, bayyanar zuriya

A ƙarshen Maris - farkon Afrilu, sabbin kayan yau da kullun suna barin matsugunnin hunturu kuma su ƙaura zuwa ruwa. A cikin tafkunan, suna fara wasan mating. Guda biyu na tritons na gabatowa, namiji yakan taɓa taɓa wutsiyar jikin mace. Daga nan sai suka fara iyo, yanzu suna haɗuwa sosai, sannan suna motsawa daga juna. Namiji yana yawo da wutsiyarsa da wahala, macen tayi yawa sosai. A ƙarshe, ya sanya fakiti na gelatinous - maniyyi, wanda mace take kamawa a cikin wani katako.

A tsawon lokacin kiwo, mace zata sanya kwai 60 zuwa 700. Ta sanya kowace ƙwaya a kan wata shuka wadda aka yi ruwa da ita kuma ta ƙare ƙarshen ƙarshenta da kafafun idonta, ta mai da shi wata irin 'jaka.' Shellarshe ƙwai yana da ƙarfi, kuma ganye mai ɗorawa yana riƙe da ƙarfi, yana kare ƙwai.

A kusan kwanaki 14-15, tsutsa mai tsayi kusan nisan mil 6.5 daga cikin kwai. A gefenta ta shugabanni, ana iya ganin gills na ciki, wanda a bayyane rudun kafafun na gaba suke dan kadan. Yayin rana, tsutsa cikin yunwar tana ɓoyewa daga cikin ciyawar. A rana ta biyu, rata a bakin ta ta fara mama sannan kuma ta fara abinci, da kyar daphnia, huhu, da sauro. A larvae na sabuwar ba su bi ganima, amma sa ran shi a cikin kwanto.

A larvae na sabuwar sabo tare da lush ruwan hoda frills daga waje suna da kyau sosai. Bayan makonni 3, sun riga sun sami nau'i biyu kafafu kuma na waje yayi kama da sabon sabo. Tsarin sake gina su a ciki shima ba shi da mahimmanci.

A cikin yanayin, metamorphosis yana ƙare a cikin watanni 2-2.5. A wannan lokacin, ƙwayoyin waje suna ɓacewa, huhun hanji ya fara. A arewacin yankunan da kewayon ko a lokacin rani mai sanyi, larvae tare da gills na waje ke zuwa hunturu kuma cikakken metamorphosis mai zuwa.

Ana kiyaye tritons sau da yawa a cikin hanyoyin ruwa - suna da wadatar zaman lafiya kuma zasu iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 28! A dabi'a, suna rayuwa da tsari mai ƙarancin ƙasa - matsakaici na shekaru 10-14, wanda ba abin mamaki bane, saboda a cikin yanayin muhalli suna da abokan gaba da yawa.