Tekun fitila shine mafi girman wakilcin fitila. Tsawon jikinta ya kai santimita 90-100, kuma nauyi - har kilo 3. A baya da bangarorin suna da haske tare da ratsin launin ruwan kasa-baki, ciki kuwa ya kasance fari.

Ana samun waɗannan kifaye a cikin Tekun Atlantika ta Arewa - daga gabar Greenland zuwa Florida.

Su ma suna zaune a Bahar Rum a yamma da kuma Norway a gabas. Akwai hasken fitilar teku a cikin koguna na tekun Baltic. Tsarin kogin walda na zaune a Manyan Tabkuna na Arewacin Amurka, wanda a baya ya rayu ne kawai a cikin Lake lake da kuma cikin Kogin St. Lawrence. Amma a cikin 1921, an gina hanyar ruwa ta hanyar Niagara Falls, bayan haka fitilun ya ratsa kogin Erie, sannan ya wuce zuwa Michigan da Huron.

Lokacin da fitilun wuta suka cika a cikin Manyan Tabkuna, sun lalata adadi mai yawa na nau'in kifi na kasuwanci, alal misali, tafkin tabkin. Mazauna tekun ba za su iya gasa tare da wannan mawuyacin-mawuyacin hali ba, godiya ga wannan fitilar ta sami suna na biyu, mai ba da fata - "The Black Scourge of the Great Lakes." Masana kimiyya sun ɗauki shekaru 30 suna yaƙin fitilar da ke cikin Manyan Tabkuna. Sai bayan sun iya nazarin yanayin rayuwar waɗannan kifayen, sun sami damar rage yawansu.

Abubuwan fitilar teku sune magabatan parasitic, suna manne da kifin kuma a hankali suna azabtar dashi tsawon kwanaki ko ma makonni. Lampreys suna sa maye, suna iya cin abincinsu gabaɗaya, amma mafi yawan kifayen suna mutuwa ne sakamakon raunin da waɗannan cututtukan da ke kama su. Lamprey yana asirin gland shine yake cikin rauni, wanda ke hana jini sakawa, sakamakon abin da kwayoyin jini suke rugujewa kuma kyallen takan barkewa. Bayan kwayar cutar ta gurfanar da kifi, yanayin jininsa ya canza sosai, ganima ya zama mai rauni, ba zai iya tsayayya da kamuwa da cuta da sauran masu farautar su ba.

Salmon, wel, kode da sitiriyo sune abubuwan da aka fi so don fitilar fitila. Ko da alamun harin waɗannan kifayen khalifofin da aka ambata.

A Manyan Tabkuna, fitilun fitila sun tsinke a zazzabi sama da digiri 10. Mace na nau'ikan ruwan fitila dake zaune a cikin tabkuna suna kwance ƙwai dubu 24 zuwa 170, amma kashi 1% na tsira daga irin wannan adadin mai yawa, wanda aka samo larvae. Sauran qwai sun mutu a farkon matakin ci gaba. Caviar yana tasowa a cikin kusan kwanaki 12. Lokacin da tsutsa ƙwaƙwalwa ya cika, ba ya barin wurin shakatawa na kimanin kwanaki 20, sannan ya bincika sassan kogin inda yake da yawan detritus.

Adult lampreys yi ƙaura. Masana ilimin kimiyya sunyi alamar wasu fitila kuma sun sake su zuwa arewacin arewacin Tar a cikin bazara, kuma a lokacin bazara waɗannan sun riga sun kasance musamman a sassa daban-daban na tafkin, kuma wasu kifaye sun rufe nisan kusan kilomita 200.

Nunannun alkama na gari ba mai cinyewa bane, amma ba'a jin daɗin kamun kifi. Kuma nau'in fitilun da ke rayuwa a Manyan Tabkuna ba a cinye su.

Ina so in san komai

Waye ya hango wannan lamarin daga wani fim mai ban tsoro? Ga ni a ɗan wani lokaci…. Ko ta yaya, ban yi tsammanin cewa irin wannan sha'awar ta wanzu ba, kawai na san game da Kylie Minogue kuma wannan ne.

Lampreys - wani parasitic jinsunan dabbobi marine. Lamprey (Lamprey) a zahiri fassara a matsayin "dutse mai bada lasisin”, Saboda iyawarsa na mannewa da tsayayyun saman. Kodayake wasu nau'ikan fitila suna da kyau, waɗanda ke zaune jikin wasu kifayen, suna tsotsa jini daga gare su

Lampreys suna zaune a cikin ruwa mai tsafta a tekun, ana samunsu ne a cikin tekun bakin teku ko kogunan ruwa. Koyaya, tafiya da waɗannan dabbobin yayi cikin bahar bane sabon abu bane. Wannan ya yi bayani game da karancin fitowar haihuwa da fitila ta Australiya da New Zealand.

A waje, fitilun fitila suna kama da teku ko ƙwallan ruwa mai lalacewa, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ake kiransu wasu lokuta "farar fata", Wanda yake ma'ana"farar fata". Jikin dabba dogaye ne kuma kunkuntar a garesu. Lampreys sun girma har zuwa 1 m a tsawon. Ba su da ƙarancin ƙyalli a jikin mutum, manyan idanu sun fito a kan kai da ramuka 7 a gefuna.

Likitocin dabbobi ba sa daukar fitila a matsayin kifi na gargajiya, saboda keɓantaccen ilimin halittar jikin mutum da kimiyyar lissafi. Don haka, kwarangwal din katuwar kasusuwan fitila suna nuna cewa fitilar dangi ce ta dukkanin hanyoyin tsinkayen zamani. Su mafarauta ne kuma, suna kai hari ganima, suna manne wa jikin wanda aka azabtar, suna amfani da haƙoransu su ciji ta fatar da shiga jini.

Ruwan fitila tsibiri na cikin ruwa na aji mai ɗumbin rai tare da tsohuwar jikin maciji. "Ba dabba ba, ba kifi tukuna." - ka ce masunta mata.
Yana jagorantar rayuwa mai wucewa. A ƙarshen bazara, yana tattarawa cikin makarantu kusa da kusa da kewayen kogi. A hanyar zuwa kogin faruwa a watan Nuwamba-Disamba. Tana hawa saman sama don dubun yawa (a cikin manyan koguna - ɗaruruwan) na kilomita, galibi da dare. A yayin ƙaura, bayyanar fitilar fitila tana fuskantar wasu canje-canje (jiki ya gajarta, kuma ƙashi, akasin haka, haɓaka), mai kama da matse tare da kifi. Ta daina cin abinci, saboda haka hanji ya lalace. Winters a cikin ruwa mai tsarkakakken, spawns a watan Mayu-Yuni. Caviar an dage farawa a cikin ramuka, a yayin da ake tseguntawa, maza da yawa suna haɗe da maganadisu na baka zuwa ga shugaban mace. Haihuwa yara dubu 70-100. Bayan tsallakewa, wutar fashin teku ta mutu. Larvae, da ake kira malam buɗe ido, ya zube daga ƙwai da aka aza, waɗanda ba su yi kama da manya. Suna zaune a cikin kogi, binne su a cikin yashi ko silt (saboda haka sunan) kuma suna cin ragowar kwayoyin. Bayan ya kai shekaru hudu, metamorphosis ta metamorphosis ya juya zuwa fitila na manya kuma a shekara ta biyar sai suka nutse cikin teku, inda suke jagoranci rayuwa mai kamuwa da cuta, cin jini da tsoka na kifi.

An bayyana yanayin hare-hare ta fitilun teku ko da a cikin whales. Bayan ya manne da kifin, fitila wani lokaci har tsawon wasu kwanaki har ma makonni suna azabtar dashi. Abinda aka fi so abincin fitila na teku shine salmon, sturgeon, eel, cod da wasu manyan kifi. Lampreys suna da yawan ci, amma ba a iya raba su da yawa ba saboda raunin da wutar fitila ta haifar. Lampreys yana shiga cikin rauni na wanda aka azabtar da kansa na hanji na hanji wanda ke hana jijiyoyin jini aiki, yana haifar da lalacewar sel jini da rushewar nama. Halin jini a cikin fitilar da fitilar ta shafa yana canzawa sosai, yana raunana kuma ya sami sauƙin zuwa wasu wuraren parasites da masu farauta. Lampreys suna ciyar da musamman sosai a ƙarshen bazara, lokacin da suke taruwa cikin garken.
A wasu yankuna na mazauninsu (alal misali, cikin Amur), fitilar Pacific itace abar kifi ce mai mahimmanci, wacce tarkace na musamman suka samu lokacin hutu.

Lamprey kifi ne da mutum ya sani da daɗewa. Babban kifin da aka samo a cikin magudanar ruwa a Arewacin Amurka an yi shi ne zuwa lokacin Carboniferous, i.e. kimanin miliyan 360 da suka shude. Abubuwan da aka samo na tsohuwar fitila, har ma da nau'ikan zamani, suna da hakora masu yawa a bakin sa, sun dace da tsotsewa da kayan aiki na gill.

Akwai nau'ikan kifaye 40 na waɗannan kifayen. Lampreys ya mamaye dukkan tsaftatattun ruwa na Hemispheres na Arewa da Kudancin, har ma a cikin kwarin Tekun Arctic. Yawancin lokaci ana samun su a Rasha, musamman a cikin manyan koguna da tabkuna.

A cikin Turai ta Rasha, nau'ikan 3 sune na kowa: rafi (yana zaune a cikin koguna da ƙananan koguna), kogi (yana zaune a cikin manyan koguna) da teku (Baspian basin). Fitilar kogin ya fi girma.

Lampreys yana da kwakwalwa wacce aka kiyaye shi daga gefen hancin ta kwanyar. Tsarin tsakiya na juyayi na fitilar jiki ya kasu kashi kwakwalwa da igiyar kashin baya. Ba kamar sauran kifayen ba. Ba su da kasusuwa, ko hakarkarinsu. An maye gurbin kashin kashinsu ta hanyar abin da ake kira vyzigoy.

A hankula masu sauki ne. Idanun ba su da girma. Gashin ji shine kunne na ciki. Babban gabobin azanci shine sassan kan layi. Shafin fossae mai zurfi ne yake wakiltarsu, wanda kasan kasan iyakar jijiya zai kasance.

Sakamakon rashin kwarangwal na ruwa da na dabbobin da aka haɗa su, fitila suna kashe mafi yawan rayukansu a ƙasan koguna da tabkuna. Ba su da labari. Mafi yawan lokuta suna iyo ne kawai, amma kafin tsallakewa sai su tattara cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi.

Lampreys sune cututtukan kifi. Naman Kifi shine babban abincin da suke ci. Suna bincika ƙasan matattun ko kifi mai rai (an kama su cikin raga ko hagu cikin ruwa a ƙugiya). Tare da manyan bakinsu, masu fitila suna manne wa jikin wanda aka azabtar da kuma fasa rawar kifin tare da haƙora masu yawa. Sa'an nan kuma ya zo da harshe mai ƙarfi tare da hakora a ƙarshen. Tare da taimakonsa, lamprey yana ci sosai a jikin wanda aka azabtar. Sannan yakan fitar da ruwan narkewa a cikin ganima kuma bayan dan lokaci ya tsotse abinci kadan.

Saboda rashin aiki, fitilar kan zama ganima ga kifi mafi girma, kamar su kifi, burbot har ma da mayuka. Latterarshe suna matukar son su.

Abubuwan fitilu na kogin musamman wadanda suke tsira. Misali, suna iya motsawa na dogon lokaci har ma da gaɓar ciki.

Lamprey spawning yana faruwa a cikin bazara, farkon Mayu, a cikin ruwa mai tsarkak .wa. Sun yi saurin kwarara tsakanin duwatsu. Mace ta manne wa dutsen, haka kuma namiji a bayan shugaban. Daga nan sai ya manne har jikinsa ya matse jikin mahaifar. Lokacin da ta fara sakin kwartanta, sai namiji ya saki madara. Kwakwalwar kwai yana faruwa a matakai da yawa. A lokaci guda, mace na iya sa ƙwai dubu 9-10. Yawancinsu ana rufe su da wanda ke ƙarƙashin duwatsun. Bayan tsallakewa, fitilun wuta sun mutu.

Bayan mako uku, yara kanana masu kama da tsutsotsi masu launin shuɗi. Suna rugugu cikin yashi ko karkatarwa. Don wannan, an kira tsutsa motar asibiti. A cikin wannan tsari, larvae suna rayuwa shekaru 4-5. A waje, sun bambanta sosai da iyayensu. Sun fi kama da kifi, bakinsu ba su da irin wannan nau'in zagaye.

Lamprey kamun kifi ya zama ruwan dare gama gari, musamman a Rasha. Suna cewa tana da nama sosai. Dole ne a gwada.

Kusan na manta, an sami wasu lokuta na kai harin fitila a kan mutane, amma ba a cikin Rasha ba.

Mutum ya dade yana amfani da fitila na shekaru dubun. Wannan kifin sanannu ne ga tsohuwar Romawa, waɗanda suke ɗaukarta mai daɗi ce, kamar mala'iku. A Turai, fitila ta shahara tare da mazauna birni na tsakiya da wadata, waɗanda suka fi sonta yayin azumi zuwa abincin kifayen gargajiya saboda yawan kitse mai nama.

Darajar abinci mai gina jiki
Ruwa: 76g, furotin: 17.5g, jimlar fat / lipid abun ciki: har zuwa 40g, carbohydrates: 0.0g, ash: 0.8g. Matsakaicin adadin kuzari: 132Kcal / 100g.
Mai guba na gamon fata ya hana yawaitar amfani da fitila a Rasha har zuwa karni na 19. Abin ciye-ciye da aka saba da kusan duk arewacin Turai ba a san shi anan ba. Kuma a cikin yankuna na kudanci na Rasha lamprey, kamar abinci ba a san shi ba har kwanan nan, shekaru ɗari da suka wuce a wasu lardunan da suka yi ... kyandir, bushe shi duka kuma ja wick ta jiki (mai mai - har zuwa 50% na ƙara!).

Amfani da sinadarin
Soyayyen, marinated a cikin vinegar tare da kayan yaji, dole ne a wanke gamsai, saboda mai guba.

Gasa fitila
1.2-1.5 kilogiram na fitilar matsakaici (inji mai kwakwalwa 3), 3 tbsp bushe farin giya, kilogiram 0.5 na gishiri mai laushi.
Ado: lemun tsami, kamar rijiyoyin guda biyu na faski, letas.
Lamprey ya tsabtace, yanke kansa da gut, ba tare da yanke ciki ba. A cikin kwano na ɗaki ko a cikin karamin kwari, zuba ruwa, ninka fitila kuma ƙara gishiri a cikin adadin cokali 2-3 na kilogram. Soya fitilar a cikin gishiri na mintina 15-20, a goge gamsai da kumfa kuma a sake cika shi da gishiri. Maimaita tsari kamar wata sau biyu har sai an cire mafi yawan gamsai.
Sanya fitilar da aka wanke a cikin layuka a kan busasshen takardar yin burodi ko a cikin injin da ya isa ya cika da wuri a cikin tanda da aka riga aka yi awo har zuwa digiri 180-200. Kar ku damu, ba za su ƙone ba - wutar fitila kifi ce mai mai, tana da isasshen kitse don kitse na kanta.
Gasa na minti 30-35. Ku bauta wa zafi, bayan zuba sauran ruwan 'ya'yan itace diluted tare da 3 tbsp bushe farin giya. Dress da tasa tare da letas, faski da yanki na lemun tsami.

Lamprey da aka zaɓa
1 kilogiram na fitilar matsakaici (inji mai kwakwalwa 3), Marinade, wanda ya danganta da 1 kg na fitila: Olive (kayan lambu) mai soyayyen fitila, albasa 2 matsakaici, ruwan 'ya'yan lemun tsami guda ɗaya da zest daga rabin shi, 1 tablespoon na vinegar (giya ko apple), freshly ƙasa (babba!) black barkono, ganye 2 bay, 3 buds na cloves, 1 tsp sukari, gilashin ruwa.
Ya kamata a goge shi (mai rai) fitila. Tsabtataccen hatsi yana cire ƙoshin fata. Sai arika shafawa a kurkura sosai. Daɗaɗa gishiri da gishiri a cikin gari. Brownauka mai laushi a kowane ɓangaren - mintuna 3-4 - a cikin man zaitun (kayan lambu). To, canzawa 'kifi' zuwa sabon iska da firiji (ɗauka shi zuwa baranda mai sanyi a cikin hunturu ka rage shi zuwa cikin cellar a lokacin rani). Ciki, a yanka a cikin guda 3-4. Karka sanya abin a hankali sosai cikin tulu.
Shirya marinade daga samfuran da aka jera kuma zub da fitilar da aka shirya har yanzu tana da zafi. Rufe murfin kuma bar cikin firiji. Bayan kwana ɗaya ko biyu, siffofin haske na jelly, bayan kwana uku - ci abinci!

An kama Lamprey tare da raga da tarko a wuraren da aka yarda da wannan hanyar kamun kifi. Saboda yanayin abinci mai gina jiki, ba a kama fitilar a kan kayan wasanni. Gwanin fitilar da aka sani a Rasha a ƙarƙashin sunan "spindle" shine kyakkyawan ƙugiya don kama fata, ide, burbot, pike, perch da sauran kifaye masu yawa. Suna samunsa a bakin teku, suna wanke shi cikin sieve.
Game da kamun kifin fitila na masana'antu, da kuma wasu fasalolin wannan kifin, zaku iya gani a cikin rahoton bidiyo daga Khabarovsk Territory na Rasha a ƙarshen matsayi.