Bayani na yaudare (lat. Somateria fischeri) - wata nau'in tsuntsayen da ba kasafai ba daga gidan ducks. Ana kiranta Fisher Gaga don girmama masanin kimiyyar halitta na Rasha Grigory Ivanovich Fisher von Waldheim (1771-1853).
Wadannan tsuntsayen gida a kan iyakar arewa maso gabas Siberiya da Alaska, da kuma a tsibirin St. Lawrence. A cikin hunturu, lokacin da ruwa ya rufe kankara, jiragen ruwa masu kishin Rasha sun tashi zuwa kudu, inda akwai sassan da basu da kankara a Tekun Bering.
Wannan shi ne babban duck mai adalci tare da babban kai da babban farji. Kodayake ita ɗan 'dan uwanta kaɗan ne daga maƙwabtarta na gama-gari da tsefe eider: tsawon jikinta yana da girma daga 51 zuwa 58 cm mai nauyin kilogram 1.63.
Drake na wasan kwaikwayo eider a cikin dabbar ta hanyar canjin yana da sauƙin rarrabewa daga wasu nau'in ducks na arewa bisa ga tsarin da ya bunkasa a kai: akwai manyan kumbura a kusa da idanun, abin da ake kira Gilashin "gilashin", diamita wanda ya kai 3 cm .. Launinsa yayi kama da rigunan aure na aljihun rayuwar magadan talakawa - yana da daidai iri irin na farin kirim. Koyaya, kirjin wasan kwaikwayon namiji ba ruwan hoda bane, amma baƙi bane, harda ciki da talla.
A lokacin bazara, ya daina zama kyakkyawa: an rufe kansa da gashin fuka-fukan launin toka, kirjin ya zama launin ruwan kasa, ciki kuma ya yi datti. Ko da tabarau kusan hade tare da babban inuwa na plumage.
Matar wannan nau'in ducks ba ta son canza tufafi. Launinta tana da launin shuɗi-baki tare da ƙananan aibobi duk shekara. Kusan ba ta bambanta da tsefe ba, kuma zaku iya gane ta ta gilashi mai launin shuɗi-mai-haske da ruruwa a gindi, wanda a cikin biyun maza suna bayyana a matsayin babban faɗin ci gaba da hanci, yana hawa kan baki.
Baƙin da baƙi sun tashi zuwa wuraren farauta a cikin Mayu-Yuni a cikin nau'i-nau'i. Ducks Rasha sun zaɓi yankin a cikin kunkuntar tundra tsakanin kwarin kogin Kolyma da Indigirka. Mutanen Amurkawa sun fi son bakin tekun Alaska zuwa kudu na Gabar Bristol daga Cape Barrow. Babban abu shine cewa yakamata ya kasance kamar yawancin fadama, tashoshin kogin ko kuma kyawawan hanyoyin ruwa anan.
Mace ta gina gida akan busasshiyar ciyawar ciyawa, tana zaɓar wuri tare da kyakkyawan tsari. Gidan duck shine rami mara zurfi tare da daure da yawa na ciyawar. Tare da tsawan sa'o'i 24, tsuntsu ya sanya kwai 4 ko 6 a ciki, tare da rufe su da gashinsa.
Mahaifiyar tana kula da kajin ita kadai, tunda mahaifin ya tashi zuwa motar bayan an kiwo shi tun ma kafin a saka shi. Kaji na launin toka-mai launin ruwan kasa ana haifuwa kwana 24 bayan haka kuma kusan nan da nan bayan kyankyashe sun fara bin mace zuwa ruwa. Kafin su koyi tashi, duk dangi ya guji nesa da titin teku a cikin wani karamin tafki na ruwa.
A nan suna ciyar da kwari da lardinansu, tsaba, ciyawar berries da harbe-tsire. Lokacin da yaran suka girma, za su tafi tare da mahaifiyarsu zuwa tekun tare, a karo na farko a rayuwarsu don yin biki a kan mollusks da crustaceans, wanda dole ne su nutse har zuwa ƙasa.
Chickks sun zama fuka-fuki yana da shekaru 50-54, kuma a watan Satumba sai sun tashi don hunturu. Anan gawarwakin wasan kwaikwayo sun taru a cikin manyan garkuna, suna yin manyan kungiyoyi a wuraren kiwo na teku. Wataƙila, suna yin nisa daga bakin tekun a cikin Tekun bude a ƙarshen kankara.
Macaw aku
Sunan Latin: | Somateria mollissima |
Sunan Turanci: | Ana yin karin bayani |
Mulkin: | Dabbobi |
Nau'i: | Chordate |
Class: | Tsuntsaye |
Kamewa: | Ansakunan |
Iyali: | Duck |
Kyau: | Gag |
Tsayin jiki: | 50-70 cm |
Tsawon tsawon: | 26—32 cm |
Wingspan: | 80-110 cm |
Mass: | 1800-3000 g |
Bayanin Bird
Gaga babban dutsen kwandon shara ne mai gajeren wando da gajeren wuyansa, babban kai da bege mai yatsu, da ɗan tunannin ɗan goge. Tsawon jikin tsuntsu ya kasance daga 50 zuwa 70 cm, fuka-fukin yana da nauyin 80-110 cm, nauyi yana daga kilogram 1 da digo 3 zuwa 3.
Plwararren mace mai aiki da kullun a bayan ta fari fararen fata ne, ban da kyewar baƙar fata wacce take kan rawanin kai, naƙasa mai launin shuɗi da baki. Kirji yana da laushi mai ruwan hoda mai laushi. Abun ciki da bangarorin baƙaƙen fata ne, tare da manyan fararen tabo a jikin mararta. Launin gemu ya bambanta da ragi: ana samun rawaya-orange, launin toka-kore. Bugu da kari, za'a iya yin ado da bek tare da alamu iri daban-daban.
Launin mace na kowa shi ne launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa cikin ruwan baki, musamman da aka ambata a baya. Gefen yana da launin kore-zaitun ko zaitun-mai launin shuɗi, mai duhu fiye da na namiji.
Matsakaicin saurayi yawanci yana kama da mace a cikin rude, amma ya bambanta a cikin duhu, ɗayan launi mai launi ɗaya, wanda aka yi wa ado da ƙananan mottles. Kushin tummy an fentin launin toka.
Siffofin Karfi
Tushen abincin gaga shine mollusks (abincin da aka fi so daga tsuntsaye - ƙwayoyin tsoka), wanda suka samo akan bakin tekun. Hakanan a cikin abincinsu na gaga sun hada da hanyoyin ruwa: crustaceans, echinoderms da sauransu. Gaga yana cin kifi sosai. A lokacin farauta, mace zata iya cin abincin da suka samo a bakin tekun (algae, berries, tsaba da ganyen ciyawa).
Mazaunin sun fitar da abincinsu da rana, suna nutsewa har zuwa ƙarshen teku, yawanci zuwa zurfin 2 zuwa 4 amma tsuntsaye na iya nutse har zuwa zurfin har zuwa 20 m kuma suna ƙarƙashin ruwa na tsawon minti ɗaya. Shugaban garken ya fara ne da ruwa, kuma kowa yana bin misalinsa.
Gaga ya haɗiye abincin da aka samo duka. "Farautar" tana gudana daga mintina 15 zuwa rabin sa'a, bayan haka tsuntsayen suna wani irin hutu kuma su je su huta a bakin tekun. A lokacin sanyi, gaggafa suna ajiye makamansu, suna ƙoƙarin kama babban ganima, ko kuma suna iya ƙin abinci gaba ɗaya lokacin sanyi.
Yankin
Yankin rarraba mahallaka masu ban sha'awa shine ɗayan iyakance tsakanin duk manyan tsuntsaye. Babban wuraren kiwo na wannan tsuntsu suna kusa da gabar tekun Arctic na Rasha a bakin kogin Kolyma da Indigirka, a cikin wani kunkuntar tundra tsakanin gindin waɗannan koguna, har ma a cikin Yukon delta na Alaska. Yankin Yammacin Yammacin Gabas a Gabashin Siberiya, inda aka lura da wuraren kiwon tsuntsaye, ya kamata a yi la’akari da Yana Delta, mafi gabas - Kolyuchinskaya Bay. A cikin Amurika, bakin haure suna zaune bakin tekun Alaska daga Cape Barrow zuwa kudu na Gabar Bristol, da kuma tsibirin St. Lawrence.
A cikin hunturu, tekun bakin ruwa na waɗannan duka wuraren an rufe shi da matsanancin kankara, tsuntsaye, wataƙila, suna ƙaura zuwa kudu zuwa sassan dusar ƙanƙara na Tekun Bering. An yi rikodin rarrabawa na waɗannan tsuntsayen a California (1893), a Norway (1933, 1970), a yankin Murmansk (1938), tsibirin Vancouver (1962).
Kiwo
Farkon lokacin kiwo a watan Mayu-Yuni. Ducks suna tashi zuwa wuraren farauta ta hanyar nau'ikan nau'i biyu. Ba su samar da mazauna ba kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna da bambanci daban daban da sauran mahaifa, suna mamayar kananan tafkuna da ƙananan rairayin bakin teku. Wani lokaci, a cikin manyan ruwayen da ke da tarko mai ɗaukar nauyi, nau'i-nau'i da yawa na iya yin gida a lokaci guda a kusanci da juna. Wurin don gida, yawanci akan busasshiyar ciyawar ƙwaro tare da gani mai kyau kusa da ruwa, mace ne zaɓi wannan, koda yaushe yana biye da namiji. Ta tono rami mai kauri a cikin ganshin ko a cikin ƙasa, sau da yawa yana ƙara daure da ofan itace a ciki kuma yana sanya ƙwai 4-5 tare da tazara tsakanin kwai ɗaya kowace rana. Yayin da mason ɗin ke ƙaruwa, duck ɗin yana rufe ƙwai da farin ciki, yana cire shi daga kirjinsa. Wasu lokuta tun kafin zuriya ta bayyana, jigon da ke kusa ya bushe, kuma jikin ruwan da yake kusa da shi yana nesa mai nisa daga gida.
Farkon shiryawa tun ma kafin kwanciya kwai na ƙarshe, lokacinta yakai kwana 24. A cikakke masonry, duck ɗin yana zaune da ƙarfi - kamar na eider talakawa, zaku iya kusantarta ku taɓa shi. Ana haihuwar kaji cikin 'yan awanni. An rufe su da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi da saman kuma suna fara ƙasa daga ƙasa, kuma ba da daɗewa ba bayan sun yi kyankyali sun bar gida kuma suna bin mace zuwa ruwa. Yayinda kajin basu sami damar tashi ba, ana kiyaye danginsu daga teku a jikin ruwan da yake kusa da gida. Maza basa shiga cikin yin zina da kuma zuri'ar zuriya, kuma barin mace ba da jimawa ba bayan ya kwan kwai na karshe, zai tafi don yin zina. Kyankyasai sun zama fikafari yana da shekaru 50-53, bayan haka sai su tashi zuwa teku kuma broods ya watse.
Bayanin kamannin kallo
Fisher's eider yana da girma babba, yana daya daga cikin manyan masu gidan dabbobi. Tana da babban kai, gajere mai girman wuya da dogaye, baki mai tsini. Tsawon jikin mutum kamar 55-60 cm, nauyin matsakaicin namiji yakai kilo daya da rabi. Dye na rawar gani a launi za a iya kwatanta shi da na wani ɗan eider talakawa - yana da madaidaicin cream mai taushi iri ɗaya, yanki mai ƙamshi wanda yake saman wutsiya da ciki. Amma a cikin kullun, nono yana da launi mai ruwan hoda, amma wasan kwaikwayon yana da launin toka. Wani mahimmin fasali na tsuntsayen wannan nau'in shine manyan manya-manyan abubuwan da ke kusa da idanun, wanda ya ba da sunan shi. Keswararrakin suna da fararen digo tare da baki mai iyaka, yayin da mata suke da tabarau mai launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka. Wani fasalin shine mafi katse baki da babba, wanda aka iya rarrabe shi sosai cikin mutanen biyu mata da maza. A bayan kai, ewal din ya kasance yana da kyawawan gashin fuka-fukai wadanda suka zama sifa ko bunch. Launin namiji yana da haske sosai - goshi da kunci, har ma da na saman kai, kore ne, beke flashy-orange ce. Launi mai kama da wannan shine halayyar lokacin mating, amma a lokacin rani haske mai fitowar kayan ya lalace, namiji ya samu karin tabarau mai kauri. Mace mai kallo da ban sha'awa ba ta bambanta da wakilcin jinsunan da aka saba gani, a kowane lokaci na shekara tana da launin ruwan kasa mai ƙaramin launuka masu haske. Daga wasu nau'in kuma, macen da ta ci wasan ya banbanta ne da irin yanayin halayenta a kewayen idanu.
Ciyar da abinci ta hanyar gag
Mafi raunin tsuntsu ba tsuntsu bane na ganima, yana ciyar da abinci ne a kan mollusks, wanda ya isa zuwa nutsewa zuwa zurfin zurfafa. Bugu da ƙari, mai sihiri zai iya jin daɗin crustaceans da ƙananan kifi, amma wannan ba shine babban abincin abincinsa ba. A lokacin farauta, lokacin da magogi yakan ciyar da mafi yawan lokacinsa a bakin, tsuntsayen fuka-fukan da suke cikin farin ciki sun ci berries, harbe-harbe matasa, da kuma ciyawar ciyawa. Yawancin kwari da lardin su ma suna cikin abincin.
Mai saurin kwari ya tashi zuwa wuraren da aka sanya riga mai gidan, macen da kanta ta nemi wuri don gina gida. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wannan wuri ne wanda bayyane suke kusa da gabar tafkin tare da ƙananan wurare masu duhu sosai. Mafi girma daga sauran tsuntsayen har ma da dangi. Da wuya, da yawa nau'i-nau'i na eiders eiders za su iya sauka a kan iyakokin da ke gabar teku. A cikin wani busasshen ciyawa, mace rakes moss ko ƙasa, ta ruɓe gado daga gida tare da ciyawa. A cikin ɓoye akwai yawanci kimanin ƙwai 5, waɗanda aka sa a jere a jere na kwanaki da yawa. Mace a hankali tana adana zuriyarta da dumin ruwa mai yaduwa daga sutturar ta. Mahaifiyar da zata zo nan gaba tana zaune akan qwai sosai, tana kiyaye kajin, koda kuwa mutumin yazo ga mutumin kusa-kusa. Amincewa na kamawa har na tsawon makonni 3-4, kajin na kyankyashe baki ɗaya, tare da wani lokaci mai tsayi da yawa. Maza ba sa shiga cikin kyankyasai da ciyar da kajin, nan da nan bayan kwanciya da ƙwayayen da suka gabata sai su tashi. Nan da nan bayan kajin ke kyankyasar, mace ta dauke su zuwa ruwa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, farkon watanni 2-3 na kajin suna zama a cikin jikunan ruwa kuma kawai idan suka cika da wuya mahaifiyarsu za ta jagoranci dabbar teku zuwa tekun, inda a hankali matasa ke watsuwa.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da wasan kwaikwayo
Idan muka kara koyo game da tsuntsaye iri iri daban-daban, da yawan bambance bambancen abubuwa masu ban mamaki da rayuwar su.
- Yawancin kajin na 'yan kallo ba sa rayuwa saboda karnukan da ba sa iya cin abincin saurayi. Tsuntsayen da ke cikin ganima suna samun ganuwa ta hanyar halayyar kajin, wanda aka rarraba ta daga manyan dunkule.
- Tarin abubuwan kallo daban-daban ba su gudana kamar sabanin tsuntsu na yau. Ba a cika yin laushi da barguna masu laushi da ɗumi da matashin kai daga kwararar mahalli ba, wanda zai iya karewa daga sanyi har a cikin tsananin sanyi. Ana tattara pooh a cikin ciyayi inda aka sami kajin a ciki - yawan jama'a ba sa fama da haka. Hakanan samfura ne mai mahimmanci don samar da rigunan hawa.
Eacacled eider yana da wani yanayi wanda ba a saba gani ba, wanda wani lokacin da alama yana da ban dariya har ma da m. Koyaya, tsuntsu ya kware sosai kuma yana da kwalliya, wanda ya bashi damar daukar matsayin da ya dace a tsakanin wadanda aka fi so a cikin zuciyar masana da yawa.
Mandrill
Mandrill wani biri ne babba, mai matukar bambanta da launi mai haske. Launin mandrils shine mafi kyawu da launuka a tsakanin magabata da dabbobi masu shayarwa gaba ɗaya. Abun gurnani da ke gudana tare da hanci ana fentin su a shuɗi ko shuɗi. Hanci mai haske ja, kuma a gefunan fuska da gemu ya ƙunshi fari, launin rawaya, wani lokacin orange, gashi. Launin launin fata a kan gado yana daga ja-shuɗi zuwa shuɗi, wasu lokuta shunayya. Mata suna da launin fata fiye da maza.
Axolotl
Axolotl halitta ce ta amphibian, wacce sunan ta - Axolotl - tana fassara a matsayin "karen ruwa" ko "dabbar ruwa", wanda ya yi daidai da kamannin sa: axolotl yana kama da babban, kai mai sabo sabon nau'i tare da nau'i uku na gills na waje wanda ke liƙa zuwa ga bangarorin.
Dwarf Marmoset
Danƙarar dwarf yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarancin wakilan mambobin majalisar dattijan. Girman waɗannan birai daga 11 zuwa 15 cm ne kawai, ba a kirga tsayin wutsiya daga 17 zuwa 22 ba.The nauyi na dwarf marmosets ya kasance daga 100 zuwa 150 g. Dogayen gashi da yawa a kai da kirji suna ba da alama ta goge.
Bird yadawo
Eiders suna tartsatsi a kusa da Arctic, subarctic da arewacin canjin tekun Kanada, Turai da Gabas Siberiya. Tsuntsayen gida a gabashin Arewacin Amurka, a cikin Hudson's Bay, James Bay, a Tsibirin Labrador, tsibirin Newfoundland, Cornwallis, Southampton, Somerset. Hakanan ana samun Gags a Alaska, tsibirin Aleutian da tsibiran St. Lawrence da St. Matthew.
Don farautowa, suna zaɓar ƙaramar tsibiri na dutse waɗanda waɗanda masu hasashen ba su rayuwa, alal misali, karnukan Arctic.
Duk da tsananin zafin yanayin arewa, masunta da wuya sun yi ƙaura kuma basa tashi daga wuraren da suka saba, har sai da ruwan teku ya rufe da kankara, kuma tsuntsaye na iya samun abincinsu. A lokaci guda, don hunturu, gaga na iya yin tafiya zuwa arewa, kuma ba kawai kudu ba. Yawancin Europeanasashen Turai suna yin tawaye.
Spectacled ko Fisher Gaga (Somateria fischeri)
Babban tsuntsu mai isasshen kumburin jiki, tare da babban kai a kan gajeren wuya da doguwar siffa gajere. Tsawon jikin mutum daga 51 zuwa 58 cm, nauyi shine kimanin kilogram 1.5.
Namiji mai launi irin shine yayi kama da na macen halitta. Yana da daidai-farin cuku-cuku baya, murfin duhu da tummy. Koyaya, ƙirjin wannan nau'in baƙar fata ne, kuma an yi wa kansa ado da sifa irin na manyan aibobi. Guda iri ɗaya, na tabarau, suna a kusa da idanun tsuntsun. Goshin, kambi da cheeks na namiji kore ne, beak orange ne. A lokacin rani, gashin kai da na ciki sun zama launin toka, kirji ya yi launin ruwan kasa.
Ganyen mace mai launin ja-ruwan-kasa a cikin kananan kogunan duk shekara. Ya yi kama da na yau da kullun da mai tsefe, ana iya bambance shi ta hanyar "haƙiƙa".
Matasa masu girma na operas iri ɗaya ne kamar na mace, amma ya fi ƙanƙanta kuma tare da ƙananan tatsuniyoyi.
Zuriyarsu na zaune ne cikin kunkuntar - kusa da gabar tekun Arctic na Rasha, a wani yanki na tundra tsakanin rafin Kolyma da Indigirka, kazalika a Yukon Delta a Alaska.
Gaga-tse (Somateria spectabilis)
Girman nau'in ya ƙanana da siket fiye da na eider talakawa. Tsawon jikin tsuntsu ya kasance daga 55 zuwa 65 cm, fuka-fukin yakai cm 85-105, yawan maza yana daga kilogiram 1.5 zuwa 2.5, adadin mata yana daga kilogiram 1 zuwa 2.
Planyun jan yana da haske. A saman kai da bayan kai an zana su a cikin launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi tare da shuɗin murfin violet, kumatun sun yi launin shuɗi, gemu mai haske ja, goge yana ado tare da fitowar orange a cikin kamannin farar fata (saboda irin kallon da sunan ya samu), wanda aka ɗaure shi da ratsin baƙar fata.Partashin baya na wuyansa da nono mai ruwan hoda-ruwan hoda mai launi, fararen baya a gaban ya shiga baƙar fata da fararen tabo a ɓangarorin jiki. A lokacin bazara, namiji yana da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu tare da farin gashinsa a baya da goiter. Allumai suna da launin toka-shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa-orange a launi.
A cikin mace, ma shine kuma ya bambanta gashi, amma launin ruwan kasa mai duhu; a damina da farkon damina ya fi wuta. Kunkuntar bugun baki na bayyane akan kai da baya. Partashin ɓangaren fikafikan yana da haske tare da bakin ciki mai bakin ciki tare da gefen gaba. Gashin ya yi duhu, gajere.
Tsuntsayen yara suna kama da mace mai shekaru, an ɗauke su cikin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.
An rarraba jinsunan tare da daukacin Arctic Circle, sai dai gaɓar tekun Iceland da Norway. Nests na tsefe tsefe a tsibiran na Kananan tsibiri.
Tsarin shine ƙaura, yana yin sanyi a sassan da ba a kankara a kan teku ba har zuwa gabar kudu na Greenland, Kamchatka, tsibirin Aleutian da Newfoundland.
Maza da mata eiders: manyan bambance-bambance
Gaga yana da ma'anar bayyanar jima'i. Maza kowane nau'in launuka ne mai haske fiye da mace. A cikin filayen su, launuka masu tsabta suna mamaye: baƙi, fararen, kore. Matan sun fi kamar ducks talakawa. An fentin launin ruwan kasa tare da gudana. Hakanan ana rarrabe su ta hanyar baki mai duhu idan aka kwatanta da maza. Saurin girma yawanci yayi kama da mace.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da tsuntsu
- A cikin satin farko na rayuwa (tsakanin bayyanar kajin kaji har zuwa haske da zuriyarsu a cikin ruwa), yawancin kajin sun zama ganima. A yankuna na pola, farin mujiya da foctic arctic sune mafi yawan farauta. A cikin latitude kudu, ana kai musu farmaki da farin gaggafa, dawakai masu jan ja da mujiya.
- Don kare mahangar gama gari, Wuri Hubert, an shirya shi farko.
- Haske da dumama mai saukar da sanannen sanannu ne ga matattakala da barguna, da kuma sutura masu dumin gaske ga 'yan arewa, masu hawan sama da kuma' yan saman jannati. Eiderdown yana halin low thermal aiki, elasticity da low nauyi, saboda wanda wannan Fluff ya fi fifiko da sauran tsuntsayen. Yawancin kasashen arewacin suna tsunduma cikin tarawa da sarrafa Fulawa, amma a al'adance Iceland ce ke kan gaba a wannan kamun kifi. Tuni a cikin karni na XV da XVI, masu siyar da Icelandic sun yi ciniki gabaɗaya tare da Ingila. Girbi wannan fluff ya shiga cikin Rasha. Don haka, a cikin ƙarni na 16, an adana furotin a tsibirin Spitsbergen, kuma a cikin karni na 17, 'yan kasuwar Rasha, a tsakanin sauran kayayyaki, sun shigo da abin da ake kira "tsuntsayen tsuntsaye" zuwa Holland. Nesting Fluff wanda ke tsiro akan cinyar mace ya sha bamban da tsarin daga Fluff akan sauran sassan jikinta. Wannan muraran ya fi tsayi, yana da manya-manyan tsummoki waɗanda ke manne wa juna, saboda sanannen sananniyar saniyar ƙasa ke bayyana. Saboda wannan ne ake karɓar fluff daga gida kuma ba a taɓa jan ta daga tsuntsayen da suka mutu ba. A yau a cikin Iceland akwai yankuna na musamman na masamman na yau da kullun, waɗanda aka kirkira don hakar masana'antu na ƙasa daga cikin waɗannan tsuntsaye, kayan masarufi ne masu mahimmanci.
- Eiders suna yin kara mai sauti kawai a lokacin kiwo, sauran lokacin tsuntsayen basuyi shuru ba. Namiji ya ba da kurma kuma yana yin dogon “aguu-aguu” a lokacin matsi. Muryar sa kamar wani irin sauti ce ta gaggafa. Muryar mace kamar quack da sauti kamar ƙaramin “cr-crr-crr”.
Alamomin waje na mai kallo
Epoacle eider yana da tsawon jikin mutum kusan 58 cm, nauyi: daga gram 1400 zuwa 1800.
Yana da ƙasa da sauran nau'ikan eider, amma gwargwado na jiki iri ɗaya ne. Eider wanda aka fi sani da shi yana iya sauƙin gano ta da launi mai rushewar kai. Haske daga baki zuwa hanci da hancin gilasai ana iya ganinsu a kowane lokaci na shekara. Plwararren mace da namiji yana da launi iri ɗaya. Bugu da kari, launin murfin gashin gashin shima yana fuskantar canje-canje na lokaci.
Plwar mace da namiji sun sha bamban
A lokacin matsi na mazan da ya balaga, tsakiyar rawanin kai da bayan kai ya zama ruwan zaitun, fuka-fukan an yi fiɗa a saman. Babban faifai farar fata tare da baki mai lullube idanu yana kunshe da kananan fuka-fukai masu wuya wadanda ake kira 'tabarau'. An rufe makogwaron, kirji na sama da na ɓangaren ɓoye na sama tare da gashin tsuntsaye, mai ɗorewa. Gashin gashin tsuntsaye, da na baya da na baya baki ne. Gashin fuka-fukin gashin fikafikai ne fari, ya bambanta da manyan fuka-fukan gashin da sauran raguna na launin shuɗi. Abubuwan da ke cikin launin toka - smoky, axillary fari.
Zumfin mace mai launin ruwan kasa - launin ja a launi tare da manyan rayayyun eiders kuma bangarorin sunyi duhu.
Shugaban da gaban wuya sun fi na namiji karfi. Gilashin suna da launin ruwan kasa mai haske, mara ƙarancin magana, amma ana iya ganin su koyaushe saboda bambancin da suke haifar da goshin launin ruwan kasa da farar duhu. A saman fikafikan fuka-fuki ne mai duhu, daga ƙasa mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da facin rawaya a cikin yankin axillary.
Umarshe na mazan namiji
Dukkanin tsuntsayen matasa suna da launin toka kamar na mace. Koyaya, maɓallin kunkuntar akan saman kuma gilashin ba bayyane bayyane ba, amma, ana iya ganin su.
Abubuwan da ke faruwa na rayuwa
Gano mafi girma a cikin tundra a cikin yankunan rairayin bakin teku da kuma cikin gida a cikin yankin ƙasa, har zuwa kilomita 120 daga gabar tekun. A lokacin rani ana samun sa a cikin ruwan teku, ƙananan tabkuna, fadama, koguna da koguna tundra. A cikin hunturu ya bayyana a cikin bude teku, zuwa iyakar iyakar iyakarta.
Nandi masu girma a cikin tundra a yankin gabar teku
A baza kallo eider
Mashahurin dan wasan ya haɗu zuwa gabar gabashin Siberia; ana iya ganinta daga bakin Lena zuwa Kamchatka. A Arewacin Amurka, wanda aka samo a bakin iyakar arewacin da yammacin Alaska zuwa Kogin Colville. Ba a daɗewa ba ne aka gano asirinta, a cikin ci gaba da yin kankara tsakanin St. Lawrence da tsibirin Matta a cikin Tekun Bering.
Eacacled eider a cikin jirgin
Siffofin halayen gag
Halayen halayen masu kallo ba su da karanci, ya fi tsuntsayen sirri da shuru. Tana da mutunci sosai tare da dangin ta, amma kasancewar makarantu ba irin wannan muhimmin taron ba ne, idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in halittu. A cikin wuraren kiwo, dan wasan kwaikwayo ya nuna kamar dutsen a farfajiya. Koyaya, tana kallon musamman m. A cikin lokacin mating, mazan da ke fitowa daga ciki suna yin sautikan.
Gaga wani siriri mai girman kai da shiru
Cin abinci mai ban mamaki eider
Eider wanda aka fi sani da shi, tsuntsu ne mai mamaye abubuwa. A lokacin kiwo, abincin abinci wanda ya shahara ya kasance:
- kwari
- mollus
- crustaceans
- ruwa tsirrai.
A lokacin rani, ana ciyar da tsiro a ƙasa, berries, tsaba, da kuma farfado da abincin arachnids. Iderwararren mashin da ke da wahalar shayarwa, galibi yana neman abinci a cikin ruwa. A cikin hunturu, tana fitar da mollusks a cikin teku mai buɗe, wanda take nema a zurfafan ƙasa. Birdsaramin tsuntsayen suna cin larvae na ƙanƙanyan caddis.
Samari na samari masu kyan gani
Yawan kwalliyar eiders
An kiyasta yawan ean kallo na duniya baki ɗaya yana da mutane 330,000-390000. Kodayake sun yi ƙoƙarin hana rage yawan tsuntsaye ta hanyar jan iri ɗaya cikin bauta, gwajin bai kawo wani sakamako na musamman ba. An kuma sami raguwar irin wannan a yawan baƙi a cikin Rasha. A zangon hunturu a 1995, an ƙidaya 155,000.
Yawancin baƙi da aka gani a Rasha kwanan nan an kiyasta nau'ikan kiwo 100,000 zuwa 10,000 da kuma mutane dubu 50 zuwa 10,000 lokacin hunturu, kodayake akwai ƙarancin rashin tabbas a cikin waɗannan ƙididdigar. Lissafin da aka aiwatar a Arewacin Alaska a tsakanin shekarun 1993-1995 sun nuna kasancewar tsuntsaye 7000-10000, ba tare da alamun wani koma baya ba.
Tsarin tsuntsaye mai ban tsoro
Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya gano yawancin ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa a cikin Bering Sea kudu da St. Lawrence Island. Aƙalla akalla hunturu na tsuntsaye 333,000 a cikin waɗannan wurare a cikin garken dabbobi-ɗaya a kan kankara na tekun Bering.
Matsayin kiyayewa na eider
Dabbare mai ban sha'awa shine tsuntsayen da ba kasafai ake samun su ba, akasari saboda kananan wuraren rarraba shi. A da, wannan nau'in ya rubuta rubutattun lambobi. A da, Eskimos ya nemi abin kallo har abada, yana daukar namansa wani abin ci ne. Bugu da kari, ana amfani da fata mai taushi da ƙoshin ganye don dalilai na kayan ado. Wani fa'idar kallon abin da ke jan hankalin mutane shi ne tsarin banbancin da ya saba da launin toka tsuntsu.
Kwakwalwan Eider masu tsananin ban sha'awa
Don kauce wa raguwa, an yi ƙoƙari don haifar da tsuntsayen da aka kama, amma wannan yana da wuya a cikin yanayin gajeren lokaci mai tsananin zafi. Dattawan bakin teku sun fara aikin bauta cikin shekarar 1976. Babban matsala ga rayuwar tsuntsaye a cikin yanayi shine ainihin wuraren da ake kewaya wuraren. Yana da mahimmanci ganowa da gyara shi, saboda mazaunin wannan tsuntsu na iya lalata bazata, musamman idan baƙi masu kallo a cikin iyakantaccen yanki.
Don adana abubuwan da ba kasafai ake samu a shekarar 2000 ba, Amurka ta ware kilomita 62.386 kilomita 2 na mazaunan gabar teku da ake lura da abubuwan da ke faruwa.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.