Johnson na melanacet - paprastasis juodasis meškeriotojas statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: kuri'a. Melanocetus johnsoni angl. baƙar fata, macijin baƙar fata baki ɗaya, babban malali mai zurfi, babban anglerfish rus. Johnson melanacet, baƙar fata ... ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas
baki Johnson angler - paprastasis juodasis meškeriotojas statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: kuri'a. Melanocetus johnsoni angl. baƙar fata, macijin baƙar fata baki ɗaya, babban malali mai zurfi, babban anglerfish rus. Johnson melanacet, baƙar fata ... ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas
Melanocetus johnsoni - paprastasis juodasis meškeriotojas statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: kuri'a. Melanocetus johnsoni angl. baƙar fata, macijin baƙar fata baki ɗaya, babban malali mai zurfi, babban anglerfish rus. Johnson melanacet, baƙar fata ... ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas
baki shaidan - paprastasis juodasis meškeriotojas statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: kuri'a. Melanocetus johnsoni angl. baƙar fata, macijin baƙar fata baki ɗaya, babban malali mai zurfi, babban anglerfish rus. Johnson melanacet, baƙar fata ... ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas
shaidan baki baki daya - paprastasis juodasis meškeriotojas statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: kuri'a. Melanocetus johnsoni angl. baƙar fata, macijin baƙar fata baki ɗaya, babban malali mai zurfi, babban anglerfish rus. Johnson melanacet, baƙar fata ... ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas
zurfin anglerfish - paprastasis juodasis meškeriotojas statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: kuri'a. Melanocetus johnsoni angl. baƙar fata, macijin baƙar fata baki ɗaya, babban malali mai zurfi, babban anglerfish rus. Johnson melanacet, baƙar fata ... ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas
kifin hularda - paprastasis juodasis meškeriotojas statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: kuri'a. Melanocetus johnsoni angl. baƙar fata, macijin baƙar fata baki ɗaya, babban malali mai zurfi, babban anglerfish rus. Johnson melanacet, baƙar fata ... ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas
paprastasis juodasis meškeriotojas - statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: kuri'a. Melanocetus johnsoni angl. baƙar fata, macijin baƙar fata baki ɗaya, babban malali mai zurfi, babban anglerfish rus. Johnson na melanacet, Johnson na baki bakar fata ryšiai: faranti ... ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas
Ceratiform -? Meepacet na zurfin teku mai zurfin teku ... Wikipedia
Fitowar wani melanocyte Johnson
Bayyanar melanocyte alama ce ta halaye, idan ba son sani ba, wanda yake dabi'a ce, anada gaskiyar cewa yana daga cikin tawagar anglerfish, wanda sauran suna "shaidanun teku".
Johnson's Melanocet (Melanocetus johnsonii).
Tabbas, kamar sauran anglers, melanocyte yana da hotunan hoto wanda ke ƙarshen ƙarshen hanyoyin da ke ƙawata kan sa.
Kamar sauran wakilan wannan kamfani, melanacet na Johnson yana da kafaffun kafafunsa, wadanda ke taimakawa a matsayin sifofinsa. Wadannan kasusuwa suna tallafawa wani bangare na kashin kashin.
A matsayin kamun kifi don abin farauta, melanocet yana amfani da hoton haske sosai a ƙasan matakai akan kai.
Gill slits ƙanana ne kuma suna cikin kusanci da tushe na ƙashin ƙyallen. Fete vertebra ta farko tayi tare da kwanyar. Jikin mai fararen fata Johnson ba tsirara ne ba a rufe shi da sikeli.
Ofaya daga cikin fasallolin zafin fushin Johnson shine cewa tsawon melanocytes namiji bai wuce 3 cm ba, yayin da mace na iya girma har zuwa 18 cm, wanda shine sau 6 fiye da ɗaya.
Bacteriawayoyin '' an yi sa ne 'ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta na musamman waɗanda ke rayuwa tare da melanocytes na Johnson a cikin symbiosis.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa, sabanin sauran nau'ikan farashi, kamar maza, mutanen Johnson na melanocetus ba sa nuna bambanci ga maza mata, sun gwammace su zauna dabam.
Melanocyte Johnson na Rayuwa
Yana son jawo hankalin abin da ya kama, to melanacet Johnson yayi amfani da tsari wanda yake kan sa wanda yayi kama da mashin kamun kamun kifi. A ƙarshen waɗannan matakai suna daukar hoto mai haske sosai.
Kwayoyin cuta na musamman waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin symbiosis tare da melanocyte na Johnson suna haifar da haske ga wannan sanda mai kamun kifi.
Tare da hotan hoto, baƙar fata mai suna Johnson Angler yana jan hankalin mai gonostomous, myctophous da ƙananan crayfish. Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa ƙwayar melanocyte tana shimfiɗa sosai, yana da ikon haɗiye ganima, wanda aka lura da girma fiye da angler kanta. Misali, a cikin ciki na daya daga cikin melanocytes na Johnson wanda aka kama, wanda tsawonsa yakai mil mil sittin da shida, wani kifin wanda yake gidan gidan Howlioids ne, wanda tsawonsa yakai kusan mil biyu da arba'in, wanda kusan shine sau hudu tsawon anglerfish din kanta.
Johnson angler
Wadannan 'yan farauta za a iya kiransu "mafi soyuwa" a tsakanin mazaunan duffan duhu. Suna daɗa abin farauta tare da "sanda mai kamun kifi", a ƙarshen abin da akwai sashin jikin mara lafiyan da ke cike da ƙwayoyin symbiotic. Ana nuna mace cikin hoto - maza na waɗannan kifayen suna da ƙanƙanta sau da yawa. A cikin nau'ikan jinsin da yawa, gaba daya sun zama kananan parasites kuma suna manne da mace, suna karɓar daga gare ta dukkanin abubuwan da ake buƙata na gina jiki. Koyaya, namiji Johnson anglerfish ya sami ɗancin kai kuma ya sami damar rayuwa da kansa.
Pacific howliode
Waɗannan masu son duhu suna tashi sama kawai da dare, suna cinye mafi yawan lokaci a zurfin kilomita da yawa. Organsayoyinsu na luminescent suna ja da beads mai haske tare da jiki. An yi imani da cewa tsarin mai haske yana taimakawa abubuwan tursasawa wajen neman abokan tarayya don daskarewa kuma ya zama gargadi ga sauran masu hasashen: zai fi kyau kada a lalata tare da irin wannan abokin gaba.
Jarumi Batisaur
Batisaurs (“masu zurfin zurfin zurfi”) sun sami sabon abu da sunansu saboda madaidaicin kwance, ya yi kama da kwanyar da take kan layi. Da kyau, sun kasance masu birgima mai banƙyama saboda halayen su: a zurfin wuri na kilomita 1-3, waɗannan kifayen ƙasusuwa ba su san abokin gaba ɗaya mai tsanani ba kuma suna shirye su kai farmaki kusan duk wata manufa mai motsawa.
Longhorn Saber
An dauki Sabretooth a matsayin dabba mafi girman dabba a duniya. Ana iya fahimtar wannan: babban babba, nauyi mai nauyi tare da wasu eyes ananan idanu kaɗan cike da manyan kugunan fargaba masu tsoratarwa. Yankin sabro-toothed ya kasance kusa da farfajiya kuma ya zama sabanin iyayensu masu ban tsoro wanda har fiye da shekara ɗari an ɗauke su wani nau'in kifi ne daban. Koyaya, a tsakiyar ƙarni na karshe ya juya cewa tare da shekaru suna tafiya cikin zurfi kuma sun zama masu farauta da ke kai hari ga ƙananan ƙungiyoyi marasa ƙarfi.
Kaya
Wadannan kifayen ba za su iya yin fahariya da girman ban sha'awa ba, suna kai matsakaicin tsawon ma'aurata santimita. Koyaya, hakorarsu suna da yawa sosai. Musamman kaifi da dogayen gaban wuyan sama da saman muƙamuƙi zasu iya jurewa har da babban maƙiyi, isar da ƙaho mai ƙarfi. An daidaita su sosai a cikin wurin, kuma don haɗiye kayan haɓaka mai kyau, howlioids dole su buɗe bakinsu har zuwa digiri 90.
Pendant "Kifi Anglerfish"
A gaskiya, tsawon watanni biyu kenan a lokaci-lokaci nakan yi ƙoƙarin yin rarrashi don zana hoton kifin gwal. Wani abu baya tafiya. Amma irin waɗannan "dodanni" suna da sauƙi).
Pendant "Kifi Anglerfish"
Nickel azurfa mai launin lu'u-lu'u.
Na gode da karatu.
Ina da sauran abubuwa da yawa don nunawa)
Shark mai launin baki
Dogon tsayi, yana kama da macijin teku, wannan kifin ya bambanta ta da tsohuwar asalin mai cike da ban mamaki. Ana danganta nau'ikan kifin sharhi a cikin layin da ya tashi ba daga baya shekaru miliyan 95 da suka gabata, kuma mai yiwuwa a baya, har ma a lokacin Jurassic. Hakorarta suna girma a cikin layi biyu na 20-30, kuma kowannensu yana ƙare tare da kololuwa uku masu kaifi. Koyaya, dogon faifan, wanda ke gaba zuwa gaba, baya bada izinin cizo mai karfi, wanda yawancin “samfuran zamani” na sharks da suke rayuwa kusa da saman zasu iya.
Kwallan Kwallan Afirka
Kifi mai ƙananan girma ya kai tsawon sama da rabin mitir, kuma kusan rubu'in ya faɗo akan babban kansa mai bakin da ya ɗora, wanda zai iya ɗaukar babban ganima. Don jawo hankalin abin da ke ci, wani dutsen mai haske mai saukar da hasken wuta daga lokaci zuwa lokaci a ƙarshen wutsiyar kifin. Amma hakora na "pelikan" suna ƙanana kuma, ga alama, sun ba shi damar cin ciyawar cerolopods masu taushi.
Dawakai
Ban ma san ko zan saka strawberries ba, hoton yana da kyau 😆
Af, kogin teku shine kifi. Wikipedia ta ce, "Haliccin kananan kifaye masu launin ruwan ingin fin alli na garkuwar allura," in ji Wikipedia.
A cikin ruwan teku, mace tana sanya kwai zuwa ga namiji, kuma ya rigaya ya dauki alhakin komai. Don haka a nan muna da wani karamin saurayi da ke da tarin kananan skates.
Mazaunan teku a cikin hotunan Roman Fedortsov
Kusan shekaru 20, dan asalin Murmansk, Roman Fedortsov, yana ta haɓaka sararin teku don neman ɗanɗuwa. Mai karatun digiri na MSTU yana aiki a kan jirgin ruwa na kamun kifi kuma yana daukar hotunan halittu masu ban mamaki a yanar gizo tare da sha'awa.
Littafin labari ya ce ya ga yawancin rayuwar Maryamu daban-daban, kamar yadda ya faru da yin iyo a wasu wurare dabam dabam.
Mafi sau da yawa, ma'adanan ma'adanan, wanda Roman ke aiki, yana zuwa Tekun Barents, zurfin wanda bai wuce mita 600 ba.
A gefen yammacin yammacin Afirka, alal misali, ana samun kifayen nau'ikan kifayen. Kuma akwai mafi haɗari - samfurori masu guba. Kuma a cikin hoto - mai tsananin zurfin-teku.
Kifin kifi tare da keɓewa.
Wadannan jariran, abin tunawa da tsoffin kayan kwalliyar bishiyar Kirsimeti, sune masu rarrabawa.
A hannun matukin jirgin ruwa suna da anemones, halittun ruwa masu taushi wadanda ba kasafai ake samun sukuni ba.
Jirgin ruwan teku - mai cin abincin da ke girma zuwa mita biyu a tsayi!
Holothuria: guda uku.
Kifayen sake. Maganar idan sunan kifin - daidai a cikin batun!
Brownie Shark
Lu'u-lu'u suna haskakawa ta hanyar canza launin fata mai zurfi-domovoy, tana ba jikinta wani launi mai ruwan hoda. Amma fajiyoyin kifayen sun fi daukar hankali: ana iya jan su, har su kusan kusan mafi girman “hanci” na shark, sannan kuma su kara sama sosai, zane a cikin ruwa da duk abinda ya same shi.
Hoto: IMAGEBROKER / LEGION-MEDIA, DIOMEDIA, MINDEN (X3) / FOTODOM. RU, BIOS / EAST NEWS, NATURE PL (X5) / LEGION-MEDIA, NOAA
Kwayoyi, makamai na ganima, cin naman mutane da sauran sirrin '' ɓarnatar teku '
"A cikin duk rayuwar marine, waɗannan sune kyawawan samfuran." Wannan shi ne yadda shahararren mai daukar hoto National Geographic David Dubilet ya taɓa bayyana waɗannan halittu. Sun lashe miliyoyin magoya baya a duniya. Kuma masu bambancin fata a cikin kullun suna fata cewa sun yi sa'a kuma za su haɗu da waɗanda ba su taɓa gani ba ko hoto a da.
Haɗu: "malam buɗe ido na teku" ko "bakan gizo na teku" - don haka marubutan soyayya na labarai game da dabbobin teku suna kiran waɗannan halittu.
Ya danganta da nau'in, girman su ya bambanta daga 2cm zuwa 15-30 cm. Haka kuma, mafi girma saboda wasu dalilai suna zaune ne musamman a Burtaniya Columbia.
Masana ilimin halitta marasa soyayya suna kiransu nudibranch (lat. Nudibranchia) - ɓoye na gastropods na ruwa daga Heterobranchia na ruwa. Wadannan kyawawan 'yan uwan juna ne na katantanwa na teku.
Da zarar wani lokaci, a ƙarshen Paleozoic - farkon Mesozoic (ya kasance shekaru miliyan 200-250 da suka gabata, sannan dinosaur kawai suka fara yawo cikin ƙasa) kakanninsu sunyi tafiya .. da kuma taro. Sakamakon haka, nudibranchs ya zama karkatar da kowane irin hanya domin ya kare kansa ya kuma tsira.
Nudibranchia mutane ne masu kirki da gafara. Ba su da wata hanzari don su mutu, kuma kan aiwatar da juyin halitta, sun kirkiro hanyoyin kirkirar halitta da yawa don adana fatar su.
Wani ya koyi camouflage ta hanyar zane-zanen cikin muhalli
Wani kuma wani yayi girma akan jiki kuma yayi kama da murjani, muryoyi, tsintsiya, tsirrai, da sauransu.
Wani wanda ke gudanar da aikin kansa - kamar kasha, zubar da hankali yana toshe sassan jikin mutum.
Wani ya jawo a cikin dukkanin masu magana yayin da tsoro.
Wani yana amfani da guba. Haka kuma, giya mai guba suna lura da lafiyar waɗanda ke kewaye da su, kuma yi musu gargaɗi game da haɗarin daga nesa: mafi haɗarin ɗan dodo, mafi kyawun launi.
Shellfish samun guba a cikin hanyoyi biyu:
Wasu nau'ikan suna samar da sinadarai da kansu. Jikinsu mai guba ne da ba za a iya amfani da shi ba, ko kuma an rufe shi da gamsai mai guba kuma ba a cinye shi.
Wasu sun yanke shawara cewa sata ya fi sauki fiye da fitar da nasu guba. Sabili da haka, suna cinyewar abubuwa masu guba da na ascidia, kuma suna amfani da guba. Haka kuma, satar guba na da kyau. Kuma sun ce kayan da aka sata domin nan gaba ba su da kyau. Suna kwance! Yaya ke faruwa!
Waɗanda suka yi imani cewa hanyar mai guba ba ta su ba - suna ɗaukar hannayensu .. (kuskure) makaman da haɗuwa da abokan gaba fuska. Tsarin makamai yana da sauki - kuna buƙatar cin wani abu tare da ƙwayoyin ɓoye: murjani mai ƙonewa, anemones ko hydras daban-daban.
Shin kun taɓa samun ɗanyen jellyfish? Ko kuwa sa'ar shiga cikin almara? Da kyau, a nan ne - harba sel a cikin aiki.
Wannan makami yana aiki akan ka’ida - kar a taɓa, zai kashe. A cikin ƙwayoyin sel suna ɓoye ɓarawon da ke bazuwa tare da mai guba. Lokacin da aka taɓa ƙwayoyin, ƙwayar bazara ta fara da sakamako mai dacewa.
Amma yadda za a ci wani abu mai haɗari kuma ku tsira? Mollusks ya warware matsalar a sauƙaƙe: yana jujjuya cewa yan koyo suna cin duk ɓoyayyun ƙazanta, akwai chitin a cikin kyallen fata (babban abu mai ƙarfi wanda yadudduka na crayfish, crabs da kwarangwal na waje). Don haka dunƙule zaren da mollusk ɗin yake jira yana da matsala. A zahirin ma'anar kalmar.
Don haka dabbobin da ke cinyewa suna kariya lafiya. Kuma ana ajiye kwayoyin makaman a jakunkuna a tukwici na abubuwan da suka faru a baya da kuma bangarorin sassan jikin mamacin.
Kuma abokan gaba sun gudu, sun gudu, sun gudu. Saboda irin wannan ɗanɗano, amma mollusk ɗin makamai mai haɗari ba shine menene ba - yana da ban tsoro a taɓa shi.
Wasu nau'in Nudibranchia sun tafi wata hanya dabam. Basu kare kansu da guba; basa cin abinci masu mallakar kwayoyi. Amma suna da spicules - ƙananan allura da sandunansu na chitin kwance a ƙarƙashin fata. Wasu mollusks suna da yawa daga cikinsu har suna kama da shingen shinge.
Ana iya ɗaukar garkuwar ta musamman a matsayin kwatankwacin kwasfa: tana goyan bayan laushin ƙaƙƙarfan mollusk, kuma tana kare ta daga ƙananan masu farauta - haɗiye wani abu mai gashi kuma mai "mara kyau".
Mollus na teku ba su da bawo kawai. Abubuwa mara kyau ba su da maimaituwa a ciki, kamar sauran abubuwan halitta.
Dangane da nau'in motsi, Nudibranchia ya kasu kashi biyu: aeolides da dorids.
Eolides yana numfashi (shanye oxygen) ta cikin fata. Don numfasawa cikin sauƙi, sun ƙara yanki na fata: a jikin jikin eolide akwai wasu maganganu masu fadowa da ƙaho-cerata da yawa.
Dorids sune nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'in nudibranch. Suna da ɗaure ɗaya ko fiye na ƙwayoyin pinnate na waje. Lokacin da haɗari an shigar da ƙwayoyin. Nudibranch kwayoyi sun zo a cikin siffofi da yawa, masu girma dabam da launuka.
Nudibranch da wuya a gani. Amma suna da alamomin gashin baki na duniya baki ɗaya. Zasu iya ƙwanƙwasa, ɗanɗano abinci ko jin abin da kuke so. Wannan shine, waɗannan abubuwan, kamar yadda yan kasuwa ke rubuta "uku a ɗaya" - ɓangaren ƙanshi, taɓawa da dandano.
Kowane nau'in gastropod yana da nasa abincin. Wani shine maƙiyi, wani shine mai cin ganyayyaki kawai. Wani mutum mai iko ne. Kuma wasu murjani suna ci. Kamar yadda suke fada cikin dandano da launi ..
Amma dangi ba tare da wata matsala ba. Daga cikin nau'ikan canjin Nudibranchia - sun fashe danginsu na wasu nau'in. Haka kuma, wannan yanayin mai kwalliya yana kara dagula lamura yayin soyayya.
Akwai Nudibranchia tare da zaɓuɓɓukan gastronomic da ba a saba da su ba. Ba sa tsammanin samun tagomashi daga halitta. Don mutu saboda gaskiyar cewa wani abu bai kama ba ko ba ya girma?
Wannan shi ne tsawo na wazifa, yanke shawarar Elysia chlorotica. Wannan mollusk shine "shugabanta": yana samar da chlorophyll kuma yana ci kamar tsirrai - ta amfani da photosynthesis.
Nudibranchs basu da wariyar jinsi. An magance matsalar kawai - duk hermaphrodites. Kuma kowa yana iya ƙauna da ƙaunarsa. Haka kuma, a cikin wasu nau'ikan a lokaci guda: kan aiwatar da balaga, zasu iya samar da maniyyinsu lokaci guda kuma su yarda da wani.
Amma koyaushe dole ku biya don nishaɗi. Bayan yin jima'i, alkalami waɗannan halittun suna zahiri ja da baya ga masu, kuma bayan kusan mintuna 20 sai kawai su faɗi.
Sannan mollusks suna gano abin da suka rasa, kuma a cikin sa'o'i 24 masu zuwa suna sake dawo da aikin jima'i kuma a hankali suna girma da sabon tsarin halittar maza.
Qwai da aka tattara akan tef ɗin duct suna kama da fure. A cikin ɓoye za'a iya samun ƙwai miliyan 2 zuwa 25.
Yara an haife su da wadatar zuci. Suna kama da karamin kwafin manya. Kuma daga farkon mintuna na rayuwa basa buƙatar kulawa da kowa.
Kuna iya saduwa da waɗannan kyawawan mutane a cikin tekuna a duniya, tun daga Arctic, yankuna masu zafi da kuma wurare masu zafi, zuwa tekun Kudancin kusa da Antarctica. Kuma a cikin zurfin daga ruwa mai zurfi zuwa 700 m da ƙari.
Kusan dukkanin jinsunan Nudibranchia suna rayuwa a cikin ruwan gishiri. Onlyan kaɗan ne kawai waɗanda zasu iya jure da ƙananan salinity ruwa.
Wadannan halittun suna rayuwa cikin daji kadan - daga makonni da yawa zuwa shekara guda.
Hoto daga bakin karfe.
Ina kwana!
Sake, Dmitry Mitrofanov, kuma wannan lokacin wani post game da sassakawar jirgin ruwan teku.
Azumi, azumi kawai.
hotuna. ba tare da bidiyo ba.
Ana yin skate kamar yadda aka saba daga ƙarfe da kayan gyara.
Jikin jigilar jigilar kayayyaki, haɗa sanduna masu ɗauka Moskvich, haɗa sandar, geers timing, kambun kamara daga shi, mai ɗaukar hoto na VAZ 2101, kwandon shara wanda ba a sani ba, matakalar sarrafawa, sarƙoƙi, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, ɓangaren ɓangaren Subaru rack da taga pinion.
A takaice, duk wannan an sawn, dafa shi kuma wani mutum mai kyau 85cm mai tsayi ya fito.
A wajen nunin Weldex, a tsaye na kamfani daya mai dauke da kayan aikin ja, skate din ya samu kyautuka, kuma an gabatar da masaniyar walda ta walda da walda.
Na gode da hankalinku!
Kuma wanene ke sha'awar aikina, ga hanyar haɗi zuwa lissafi na, tare da izinin masu yin gwaji:
Kunama mai tsananin amo wanda take son tafiya.
Don haka, ta yi rubutu game da macizai masu dafi a guba, kuma ta yi rubutu game da katantanwa mai guba. Ga wani post a cikin bankin piggy na phobias.
Kuma wanene yake a nan kyakkyawa? Kuma wanene tare da mu da kyau sosai a ƙasan ƙafa. ugh, ƙonewa ta hanyar?
Ee, wanene ne mai yawan guba?
A cikin bidiyon, Iblis Scorpion (Scorpaenopsis Diabolus) yana matukar farin ciki a gwiwa. Ana kuma kiranta kifin dutsen ƙarya.
Ina samun salama yayin da na kalli kifin da ke tafiyar da kasuwancin su.
Abin ba daidai ba ne, amma yawancin kifayen ƙasa suna ƙaunar tafiya ta hutawa. Me yasa ba zai yuwu ba. Kamar kifi mai iyo yadda ya kamata.
Jarumin wannan bidiyon ya fito ne daga sanannen dangin masu kashe mutane: Scorpaenidae (kifin kunama). Iyalin sun hada da yawancin nau'ikan guba a duniya.
Iyalin Scorpaenidae yana da girma sosai - yana da ɗaruruwan ɗabi'u. Dukkansu suna da bambanci. Amma kowa da kowa yana da kyawawan halayen dangi: miji mai kaifi tare da gamsai mai guba. A gindin kowane kashin baya shine glandon na musamman wanda yake haifar da guba.
Kunama ta Iblis tana girma har zuwa cm 30. Da alama kuma ba yawa. Kuma ba ta yin awon gaba da mutane .. Amma ya fi kyau kada a hau kan ta, kada ta zauna kuma kada ta yi cudanya da juna. Guba ga mutane ba mai mutuwa bane, amma abubuwan "daɗi" na taron zasu kasance tare da kai har abada.
Iblis kunama. Amma masu kuntatawa ba su da ma'ana don haka suna da hankali. Ba sa bin abincin dare da sauri, kamar sauran su. Kuma cikin hikima kamar suna dutse. Sun kuma yayyafa kansu da yashi don dogaro.
Waɗannan manyan masters ne na rikicewa. Idan baku san inda za ku duba ba, ba za ku lura ba.
Da kyau, lokacin da abincin dare yayi nisa sosai, suna yin kamar a cikin magana: lokacin da na tsallake, lokacin da na tsallake, shreds zai tafi kan tituna na baya.
Idan ka duba sosai, to wannan kan dutsen zaka iya ganin kyawawan idanu masu kyan gani.
Wadannan nannies masu guba suna da dukiya ɗaya mai ban mamaki .. Kifi yana haske mai haske yayin da aka haskaka shi da shuɗi ko hasken ultraviolet. Har zuwa yanzu babu wanda ya san dalilin da kuma yadda biofluorescence yake aiki don waɗannan kifin. Suna ba da shawara cewa suyi magana da danginsu.
Idan kuna son haduwa da su - ba matsala! Ya isa ya nutse har zuwa zurfin zurfin mita 70 a cikin Tekun Indiya ko Pasifik: daga Kudu da Gabashin Afirka da Jar Teku zuwa Japan, Hawaii, Polynesia na Faransa, Australia da New Caledonia.
Hoton, ya zama mai gaskiya, haka-yake ..
Turanci da ke magana da Turanci ya kira waɗannan kyawawan "wolf eel," ko kuma, "eel-wolf." A fasalin Rasha, babban kifin mai tsami. Ban san abin da ke cikin ta ba, ko kuma wa ke yin aure da sunan. A bisa hukuma, kifi ne mai launin ruwan teku, na dangin kifayen, wanda shine kawai wakilin halittar Anarrhichthys.
Wani nau'in erysipelas a cikin shi yana da shakku - ba ya ƙarfafa ƙarfin gwiwa. Daga kalmar kwata-kwata. Amma daga fuska, kamar yadda suke faɗi, "Kada ku sha ruwa."
Mafi munin abu game da Wolves Wolves. Su ba halittu ne masu zafin rai ba. Ba sa yin saurin mutane. Amma suna da matukar son sani kuma suna ƙaunar sabbin abubuwa.
Gaskiya ne, idan kun sami su sosai, to baza su iya cizo ba. Kamar, duk da haka, kowa a cikin wannan yanayin.
A cikin hoto, kawai mai farin diver a ra'ayi na. Pisces basu da alama suna son hurawa sosai.
Launin launin launin fata yana cikin yanayi tsakanin maza. Matan sun sa launin ruwan kasa.
Kuma matasa na ci gaba sun fi son inuwa mai haske.
Suna zaune (tare da sa'a, kuma babu wanda zai ci kafin), kimanin shekaru 25.
Suna zabi kawai (ko kawai), kuma suna rayuwa cikin soyayya da jituwa har mutuwa ta raba su. (Wannan bisa ga shaidar ɗabi'u ne waɗanda suka ga yadda ma'auratan suka ƙaura zuwa wani wurin zama sau da yawa.) Ban san yadda diversan matan suka san su ta hanyar gani ba, a gare ni daidai suke.
A cikin iyalai, karnukan wolf suna da hakki daidai: duka iyaye suna tsare ƙwai har yara sun fara kyan gani. Ita kuma mahaifiyarta ita ma tana juya ta lokaci zuwa lokaci: tana kulawa da cewa zuriyarta ba su da matsalar lafiya.
Abin sha'awa, da zarar iri-iri sun lura da dangin mutane 3 ... kifi. Su wanene sun kasance ga juna a can - tsammani da kanka.
Waɗannan kifayen masu ba da shawara ga tsarin lafiya: babu cola, baƙaƙen burgers da mummunar faranti! Kawai crustaceans, urchins teku, mussel, clams, kuma wani lokacin kifi. Sabili da haka, ba sa fama da kiba kuma suna yin nauyi kaɗan - kimanin kilogiram 18. Tare da haɓaka, (yi haƙuri), tare da tsawon mita 2.4 - wannan gaye ne, fitowar zamani.
Idan kuna son bayanin martaba da hoto, zan gaya muku inda zaku iya ganin junan ku: zaku iya yin alƙawari a arewacin ɓangaren tekun Pacific daga tsibirin Aleutian da kuma gefen tekun kudancin Alaska. Mafi kyawun halitta sun sami ingantacciyar rayuwa a California. Kuma, ga alama, ba su shiga ciki da kyau ba. Amma babu irin waɗannan mazaje masu ƙarfin hali da yawa.
Ku kasance da rana mai kyau !! Kuma ka ce sannu daga gare ni.
Jin dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfi, idin gawawwaki a cikin zurfafa
Shin kun taɓa tunanin abin da zai faru ga gawawwakin a cikin teku? Kuna ganin kowa ya ci, sauran ragowar kuma sun rushe cikin natsuwa da lumana har sai sun shuɗe gaba ɗaya? Hehe, kun yi kuskure da gaske. Abubuwan yau na yau zasu zama bakin ciki, amma na birgewa. Zamuyi magana game da dusar kankara mai zurfi.
A zurfin mita 3000, ana yin bikin Sabuwar Shekara a kowace rana!
Snow. Da kyau, menene dusar ƙanƙara da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa, marubuci, wawa ne? - Duk wani mai son karatu zai ce. Haka ne, wannan daidai ne, ana amfani da kalmar "dusar ƙanƙara" a alamance. Abin da ake kira dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfi, a wannan yanayin ɓoyayyen gawawwakin dabbobi dubbai waɗanda suka mutu a sama. Dankin dusar ƙanƙara ce mai mutuƙar rai.
Lura cewa a cikin hotunan teku a zurfin zurfin mafi yawan lokuta akwai alamun alamun farin.
Ka yi tunanin cewa muna cikin jirgin ruwa mai zurfi kuma muka gangara cikin rami. Mu da ku za mu iya lura da wannan abin mamakin a sarari, fara daga nisan mita 1000 zurfafa cikin teku. Da farko zai zama babu makawa. Kunna abubuwan jan tabo a cikin duhu, zamu iske cewa ruwan kankanin abu ne. Partanan ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta, kamar fluff na bazara na dandelions, a hankali yana juyawa cikin fuskoki daban-daban. Sun ƙunshi sassan gawawwakin, shakatawa, caviar da ragowar algae. Baya ga kwayoyin, wadannan barbashi suna dauke da yashi, kayan miya da sauran kayan da basu dace ba.
A cikin zurfin zurfin cikin ruwan sanyi, wannan na iya bayyana rauni.
Irin wannan “ruwan sama” kusan shine tushen wadatar abinci ga yawancin mazaunan kusa. Arthropods, tsutsotsi, kifin teku mai zurfi da echinoderms suna da hannu a tace irin wannan ɗimbin yawa. Amma bari mu nutse har ma da zurfi!
Wannan babban keɓaɓɓu ne. A zahiri, babban ƙirar itace (ba a tsare da tsari). Duk tsawon rayuwarsa, wannan dodon ya tace ragowar kwayoyin halitta a kasa.
Mita 2000-3000 karkashin ruwa. Yanzu muna cikin duhu gaba daya. Ko da duba sama, ba za mu ga wani ambato cewa akwai haske a sama ba. Matsin lamba anan babu wuya kuma halittun da suka fi dacewa zasu iya rayuwa anan. To yaya dusar ƙanƙara? Anan ga daskararren dusar ƙanƙara aka bayyana cikin dukkan ɗaukakarsa! A karkashin irin wannan matsin lamba, faduwarsa tayi saurin sauka, kuma kananan stickan wasa suna makale cikin ainihin flats santimita na inci. Yana ci gaba kuma yana da matuƙar jinkirin. “Aya daga cikin “dusar kankara” na iya faɗuwa har tsawon makonni, saboda rayuwa a ƙasa gabaɗaya ce ta huta.
Wani yanki na "dusar ƙanƙara" a cikin 'yan santimita
Jin dusar ƙanƙara na cikin ƙasa yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke bayyana sabon abu. zurfafa-teku gigantism. Kin tuna? Lokacin da muke zurfafa zurfi, da girma halittu zama. Yawancin kwayoyin halitta suna haifar da babban idi, saboda ruwa ne daga abinci. Saboda wannan dalili, yawancin nau'in halittun da suke rayuwa a wurin ana kiransu "masu tsabta." Jitunan na ban tsoro ne kawai ke cin wannan dusar ƙanƙara. Isopods, pantopods, babbar katuwar kifi, kifin ƙasa mai ciki.
Pantopod, babban gizo-gizo gizo-gizo mai tsabta
A wasu yankuna, wani murhu daga ciki kamar irin wannan kwayar halitta ya kai dubun mita, kuma baza mu taba tunanin menene za'a iya samo halittu a ciki ba. Ba a yi nazarin zurfin teku ba ko kaɗan, ba mu san wanda ke zaune a wurin ba. Jin zurfin balaguro na teku ba safai bane. Kusan dukkanin bayanai akan dabbobi da ke rayuwa mai zurfi masunta ne suka sami nasarar kama waɗannan halittun.
Jin zurfin angler. Lura cewa duk ainihin hotunan kifayen teku galibi suna da dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfi-teku.
Idiocant. Wani mazaunin sauran duniyar.
Zurfin teku babban wuri ne mai wahala, amma akwai wadataccen abinci a wurin. Kuma inda akwai abinci mai yawa - akwai dabbobi da yawa kuma, wataƙila, manya ne manya. Wadanne dodanni ne duniyarmu ta tanada domin mu? To, jira ka gani.
Mita 2000 a karkashin teku
Na gode da hankali :)
Maza sun gwammace su sami juna biyu daga kyawawan mata
Don kamun kifi da bakin teku, kula da yara lallai aikin na mata ne. Mazan waɗannan kifayen suna da jaka na musamman don ɗaukar ƙwai da samar da amfrayo tare da oxygen da abubuwan gina jiki. Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa macen mai suna Syngnathus scovelli kifin mashin yana kula da wacce mace ce zata samu juna biyu. Determinedarfin mace yana da girmanta. Da girma ya mace, da yardar mace da mace tare da ita da kuma mafi yawan albarkatu da ta saka hannun jari a kan renon yara.
Mace mai suna Syngnathus tayi shegiya tare da kyakkyawar dorsal mai kyau da namiji tare da jakar ratayawa a ciki. Hoto daga gwsphotos.com
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, mata suna saka hannun jari mai yawa ga zuriyarsu fiye da maza. Don haka, namiji "damar haihuwar" yawanci yana da yawa, kuma mace - a taƙaice. Wannan yana haifar da rikici na sha'awar juyin halitta tsakanin maza da mata (duba: rikice-rikicen jima'i, rikicewar jima'i). Misali, sau da yawa wani yanayi yakan taso yayin da zabin ya kasance ya fi dacewa ga mazajen da suka sami damar yin abokantaka da su kamar yadda zai yuwu, kuma ga matan da suka nuna hali mafi so da kyawu yayin zabar abokin tarawa.
Rikice-rikice na jinsi na iya haifar da ci gaba da rikitarwa na rikice-rikice (duba, alal misali: P. N. Petrov. Maza masu yin iyo baƙar fata da masu kisan kai). Ba za su iya shafar halayen ma'aurata ba kawai da zaɓin abokin tarayya, har ma da dangantakar da ke tsakanin iyaye da zuriya, gami da ilmin dabbobi na ciki. Misali, berayen mata masu juna biyu na iya “canza tunaninsu” kuma su sake hadar da mahaifar su idan ba su jin daɗin mahaifar bera ta gaba, amma wani namiji (ana kiranta “Tasirin Bruce”, duba: Tasirin Bruce). Ma'anar wannan karbuwa shine cewa mafi kamshi mai yiwuwa ga na maza ne, wanda shine yafi son ma'aurata (mai jigilar kwayoyin halitta) fiye da wasu masu rasa wanda baya jin ƙanshi.
Wasannin wasan kwaikwayo a Syngnathus nigra. Hoto daga bio.research.ucsc.edu
An bayyana cigaban irin wadannan saurin ta hanyar ka’idar zabi. Don bincika gine-ginen ka'idoji, abu mafi ban sha'awa shine waɗancan 'yan ƙabilar da aka juya halin rayuwa, kamar yadda ake samu a wasu kifaye da tsuntsaye (duba: Kulawar jikan da aka gada daga hauren giwa daga dinosaurs, "Abubuwa", Disamba 23, 2008). Ka'idar ta annabta cewa idan babban nauyin kula da zuriya zai haifar da ɗa, to, ƙarancin ba zai zama mace ba, amma damar haihuwar namiji. Wajan zaɓi na jima'i ya kamata ya canza daidai. A sakamakon haka, mace yakamata ta sami takamaiman daidaitawar "maza", kamar su kayan da suka dace sosai da rage yawan zaɓin yayin zaɓin abokin tarayya, maza kuma ya kamata su zama marasa haske da rarrabuwa. Bayanai gabaɗaya suna tabbatar da waɗannan tsinkayen. Koyaya, har yanzu, daga wannan gabar, ba a yi nazari game da sabon yanayin "ɗaukar ciki" a cikin kifin gidan Syngnathidae a zahiri ba. Maza da yawa daga cikin ire-iren wannan iyali ba su dauki matsalar kulawa da kulawa ba - amma da gaske sun sami juna biyu ta hanyar ɗaukar embryos a cikin jaka na musamman, kuma ana aiwatar da musayar abinci mai gina jiki tsakanin jikin mahaifin da tayi.
Masana ilimin halitta daga Jami'ar Texas sun yanke shawarar bincika idan kifin mai suna Syngnathus scovelli kifi yana da wani abu mai kama da abubuwan da aka ambata a baya “Tasirin Bruce”. Gwajin da suka yi ya nuna cewa maza na wannan nau'in za su iya tsara adadin albarkatun da aka saka wa zuriya, gwargwadon ingancin abokin tarayya.
Maza 22 sun halarta. Kowane namiji yana girma tare da mata biyu. Ba a bai wa namiji zaɓi ba (an saka namiji cikin akwatin kifaye tare da mace guda da aka zaɓa), duk da haka, masu gwajin za su iya yin hukunci da ƙimar kyawon da aka bai wa mace ta hanyar da ta buƙaci ta lalata da abokin aikinta.
Maza sun fi son manyan abokan zama: babba ga mace, da saurin namiji ya bar ta ta sanya kwai a cikin jakarsa. A lokaci guda, manyan maza sun kasance masu kyawawan halaye fiye da ƙananan maza. Irin wannan zaɓin yayin zaɓin abokin tarayya alaƙa ne ga yawancin kifayen (duba: Me yasa kifi ya guji yin aure, Abubuwa, 12.06.2009).
Bayan balaga, yawan ƙwai da aka kama cikin jakar namiji. Kwana bakwai daga baya (shi ne, a tsakiyar ciki, wanda ya kai kimanin makonni biyu a cikin wannan nau'in), masu binciken sun sake sanya ɗanyen a ƙarƙashin ƙwanƙolin kuma sun kirga yawan adadin kumburin haihuwa. Bayan kwana daya da haihuwar, an dasa dan da tare da wata mace da aka zaba, kuma aka maimaita tsarin.
Hagu: tayi a cikin jakar mace mai ciki. Dama: graphan katako na lantarki wanda ke nuna kusancin dangantaka tsakanin uba da tayi. Y ne gwaiduwa, E shine amfrayo, C shine ƙirji (ƙwan ƙwai), NA shine bangon waje na jaka. Hoto daga wata kasida da aka nuna a cikin Yanayi
Ya juya cewa yawan ƙwai da namiji ya bawa mace ta sa a cikin jakarta ta yi daidai da girman mace. Wannan adadin a cikin gwajin ya kama daga 4 zuwa 42 (matsakaita na 22.5). Rayuwar zuriya ta kasance daga 0 zuwa 100% (kimanin kashi 71%) sannan kuma sun dogara da girman mace: girman mahaifiya, mafi girman damar kowace haihuwar tayi shi lafiya.
Wadannan sakamakon sun nuna cewa namiji zai iya tsara adadin kayan da jikinsa yake kashewa wajen haihuwar 'ya mace, ya danganta da kyawun mace. A cikin wannan yanayin ana nufin girma, amma marubutan sun lura cewa manyan mata da sifofin jima'i galibi sun fi na yara ƙanana.
a, b - dogaro da lokacin da mace take buƙata don lalata da namiji, akan girman mace (a) da kuma banbanci a cikin girman girman mace da na miji (b). c, d sakamako ne na girman mace akan yawan qwai da aka sanya a jakar namiji (c), da kuma gwargwadon rayayyun tayi (d). Ga kowane namiji, ana nuna sakamakon na biyu na ciki biyu. Hoto daga labarin karkashin tattaunawa akan Yanayi
Ragewar tantin dabbobi na duniyar dabbobi.
Gabaɗaya, ba shakka, “alfarma” a matsayin kalma a cikin harshen Rashanci shine lamuni ne mai tsabta, kuma bayan an karanta "tanti" ku, ba shakka, za ku yi tunani game da tantuna. Amma duk abin da ya fi ɗan daɗi: Kalmar Ingilishi ta fito ne daga lat. “Tentaculum”, wanda, bi da bi, yana wasa da wasa cikin sauri zuwa “tantuna” ko “temptare” kuma, don haka, yana nufin "gwada", "ji". Saboda haka, wannan ba wani nau'i bane na batsa, da farko shine ƙungiyar azanci - wannan dandano ne, wannan shine taɓawa da tsinkaye na duniya.
Da yake magana game da kyawawan shinge, masana al'adu waɗanda al'adun gargajiyar da suka lalace galibi suna wakiltar dorinar ruwa, mafi kyawun hydra, da kuma mafi munin Cthulhu, watsi da dama na nau'o'in halittu masu ban sha'awa.
Misali, Erpeton tentaculatum, ko canjin macijiHakanan aka sani da herpetone. Wannan shi ne kawai irin nau'in kuma macijin da ke da tantuna a cikin yanayi. Wani abu kamar haka. a, shinge suna da mazauni. Macijin kansa ƙanƙane - da wuya yayi nasarar shimfida samfuran da aka kamo zuwa mita 1 - suna zaune a cikin ruwa mai ƙira na Indochina. Yana da guba, amma saboda ƙayyadadden ƙarancin ƙira ba haɗari ga ɗan adam. Gubar takamaiman kifin ne, haƙoran ƙananan ne, kuma an saita ƙyallen guba mai zurfi a cikin bakin.
Idan baku yaudare ta da sassan jiki masu taushi da taushi, ba zai haifarda matsaloli ba. Rayuwar yau da kullun dabbar tana faruwa cikin dako. Macijin ya sa wutsiyarsa a kusa da snag kuma ya kama wata alamar alamar tambaya. Hanyar farauta yana da ban sha'awa musamman, kuma masana kimiyya suna binciken shi da son sani. Tunda macijin ya fahimci yadda kifayen suka tunkari kifayen, sai macijin yayi ridda tare da karamin jikinsa, yana tsoratar da kifin, sannan idan ya fara motsi sai ya kare.
Ba kamar yawancin macizai da ke kai hari ga kifin ba kuma sun dogara da abin mamaki, herpeton yana kai hari sarari a gaban kifin, yana ɗaukar matsayar inda zai fashe. Kafin kai harin, herpeton yana jan farfajiyar a kai da sunan amincin waɗannan.
Gabaɗaya, ba shakka, nau'in nau'in masu mallakar kayan talla suna da girma a kanta.Idan, alal misali, kuna fara haƙa amphibians marasa ƙima, a zahiri da ma'ana, to zaku yi mamakin yawan nau'ikan. Idan wasu za su iya rikitar da yanayin duniyar, wasu zasu iya biyan kansu. Misali, babbar kwaro daga asalin tsutsotsi na gaskiya, Caecilia abitaguae:
Babbar tsutsa, wadda take da karuwa a Ecuador, tana sanya ƙwai da rayuwa a tsakanin duwatsu da tsintsayen bishiyoyi. Tare da duk wannan, a cikin Ekwado, an samo ta a wurare biyu kawai a tsakiyar igiyar biyun na Andes.
Muna tono tsutsa cikin baya kuma zamu tafi neman alfarwar. Daga cikin tsutsotsi, mutane da yawa suna da su gaba ɗaya, kuma musamman tsakanin wakilan Ian Iththyophis. Kuma da kaina, Ina son khumhzi mafi, ko, a sauƙaƙe, taguwar kifi mara ƙafa. Kyakkyawan mutum ya girma har zuwa 40 cm, ya kasu kashi 127. Yana zaune ne kawai kusa da Kogin Agoh kawai a Manipur, India. Zan iya hibernate Yana cin duk abin da zai iya motsawa da tsaka-tsaki. Yana kuma da mafi ƙarancin tantuna. Ee, kuma rabe daya. Su baƙon abu ne gabaɗaya.
Kifayen kifayen dabbobi ne na farko, koda da tsutsotsi ne. Masana kimiyya sun sa su ƙarancin silsilar juyin halitta saboda matsayin bakinsu, sun ce kowa ya riga ya zame ƙasa don ya sauƙaƙa shi, kuma waɗannan har yanzu suna da kwaɗi kai tsaye, ma'aunin saura da rage alamun wutsiya.
"Oh, wannan shi ne tanti!?" - kun ce - “Suna kankanta!” Lafiya lau, me kuke so? Ganga? Gangar jikin kwandon shara Ba za ku iya yin watsi da tauraron Intanet da sarkin ƙananan tanti ba. Stargazer, ko kuma tauraron maciji. Mahalli na Arewacin Amurka. An samo shi ne don alamar damuwa akan fuskar fuskoki 22. Idan yau ba zakuyi mamakin kowa da labaru game da rayuwar moles ba, to har yanzu ana binciken hankalinsu.
An rufe tauraron matakala a gabobin Eimer. Akwai sama da 20,000 daga cikinsu a fuskar dabba.Idan aka kara girma, suna kama da dubunnan kananan nono, kowannensu sandwich ce mai hadaddun abubuwa da ke jikin kwayar Merkel ko kuma inji. Additionari ga injin ɗin inji, kan nono suna ɗauke da masu karɓa don zafi da rawar jiki. Don haka, dabbar ta riga ta sami tanti 22 a fuskarta wacce aka rufe da kan nonon mata, kuma dukkansu suna ɗauke da abubuwan firikwensin zafi, taɓawa da rawar jiki.
Juya zuwa ga mazaunan duniyar ruwa, Ina so in ƙaura daga matsanancin yanayin da ba a fara da farawa tare da kifin da ke kusa da mu. Suna da kusanci, da farko, saboda su kifin kifaye ne, kuma ba wai saboda ana iya kama su a cikin dabbobin da ke kusa ba. A bayyane, farfajiyar a matsayin sashin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ta haɓaka inda babu wani abin da ke taimakawa - inda babu abin dubawa, babu abin da za a ƙare ko saurare, kuma kawai za ku iya taɓawa kawai ku taɓa da dabarun ku.
Ainihin, duk ku san cewa kifin kifi yana da ƙanƙara. Amma wasu, watau Somiki-Antsistra, sun ci gaba. Bari mu fara da koyarwar alakar Lucifer, ko tauraron tauraro. Kifi yana da sanyi a kowane bangare. Da fari dai, wannan dangi ne na babban dabbar dabbar dabbar dutsen, wanda ke nufin an kera shi. A zahiri. Madadin Sikeli, yana da haɓaka ƙashi wanda ke samar da makamai. Zamu iya kwatanta shi da sitiri ko sitiri, amma ƙarshen yana da faranti guda ɗaya. Kuma Antsistrus, kamar tsintsiya madaidaici ne, an ɗaure shi daga kan kai zuwa yatsun kafa.
Abu na biyu, yana da launi mara kyau: tauraron sama mai tauraro ta idanun masanin taurari. Cikakken duhu baƙi na babban launi na fata ratsa cikin farin furks na aibobi. Peering cikin wannan yanayin, iyo a ruwa, zaku iya lura da idanun violet guda biyu waɗanda ba a kan tarnaƙi ba, amma a saman kai - suna kallon ku, kuna kallon su. Kuma kawai daga kusurwar idanun ku, ba tare da katse wa juna ido ba, kuna lura daga ƙasa. da dama daga tantuna.
Tashin baya a farfajiyar kayan mallakar maza ne. Da kyar suke girma zuwa cm 10. A dabi'a, suna zama ne a cikin laka na lardin Amazon, Paraguay da Essexibo, kuma suna ciyar da wadataccen abinci. Amma idan kun fara hotunan google na Antsistrus akan Intanet, zaku sha mamaki ku kama su suna cin zucchini da cucumbers idan aka kiyaye su a cikin ruwa.
Star Antsistrus yana da brotheran tagwaye - Star Antsistrus (Ancistrus hoplogenys). A waje, da wuya su rarrabe. Amma zango ya fi girma, dan kadan ya fi haske kuma yana rayuwa kadan, a cikin tsaunin tsaunin Amazon. Amma ma'anar daidai take. Tanti da idanun violet.
Mun ja jiki! Gabaɗaya, idan muka fara neman shinge a kusa da mu, kawai muna buƙatar neman sawu ko tarko. Amma ka tuna cewa dukansu sune kawai suna gama gari don nau'in rayuwar gastropod. Idan kun kama ɗayan da rai, a cikin yanayi ne: alfarma biyu na sama sune shingewar hangen nesa da ƙanshi, ƙananan ƙananan suna dandano da taɓawa. Don haka, idan ka sanya yatsanka sama kuma ya shafe ka da ƙananan shinge - wannan ba shi da kyau, idan ka yi haske a farfajiyar - to komai ya yi kyau.
Mafi sawu snail a duniya - Crysomallon squamiferum. Tana zaune kusa da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai ruwa. A zurfin kusan 2 kilomita. Baya ga dunƙulewar ɓarna babu wanda ke wurin. Kuma zazzabi ya canza ta ta dubun digiri a cikin mita daya. Kusan babu abinci. Kuma wannan jaririn - kuma ba sa girma fiye da 5 cm - ya ƙware a cikin gidan wuta mai zurfi ɗari bisa dari. Ta rage girman narkewar abinci sau 10, ta shigo da kwayoyin cuta na symbionts dake narkewar sinadarin iron, da kuma kara yawan makamai. Sakamakon ya kasance ƙafafun da kera baƙin ƙarfe, da ikon cin baƙin ƙarfe, harsashi mai tsayayya da matsa lamba da canje-canje a zazzabi, wanda zai iya tsayayya da ci gaba da kai hare-hare na gwanayen kiba. Wurin, a hanya, ya ƙunshi mahadi baƙin ƙarfe sulfide.
A matsayin farko, sarkin duk tantuna da cthulhu marasa kwalliya, zan zaɓa Nautilus pompilius. Oh masoyi, ina ne octopuses, katako, octopuses da squids? Da kyau, da fari dai, kun san sarai sosai game da su ban da ni. Abu na biyu, nautilus yafi ban sha'awa. Ya tsufa kuma ya rayu a duniya tun daga Cambria, yayin da jakar tawada ta farko, bugun ta ido da kuma wasu kofuna biyu na tsohuwar ruwa da aka yi shekaru miliyan 296 da suka gabata. Alamar ta kasance mallakar Polsepia ne, ba zato ba tsammani.
Bugu da kari, natiulas tare da mu na dogon lokaci. Daga ceflopods marasa lahani, ko kuma llsaikun shess, mun sanya coasters, tebur, jugs da duk wani mallakar kayan tarihi tun zamanin da. Gaskiya ba a bayyana ko zamu yi ba idan mun san yadda yake amfani da matattarar. A takaice, wannan misalin kalma ne na jirgin ruwa na teku, inda kashin baya da harsashi yake takawa a dakin majalisar ballast da gas. Ina pompilius yake samun gas, kuna tambaya? Da kyau. abu ne na halitta, kuma godiya ga wannan tsarin, a cikin motsin rai, wannan shine guntun sa kai tsaye.
Legafar sa ta yau da kullun-mollusk ta haɓaka zuwa gaɓataccen tsarin: Anan kuna da bututu-bututu wanda yake kaiwa zuwa ga alkyabbar kuma tafin kafa don ƙwanƙwasawa a ƙasan kuma yana cike abubuwa masu daɗi. Game da tantuna kuwa, ba a banza ne kawai na kira shi sarkin waɗannan ba. Nautilus ya haɗu har zuwa 90 tantuna-hannayen hannu, wanda zai iya kama abinci, ya jingina da kewaye da nishaɗi don motsawa ta kowane bangare, gudanawa tare da igiyoyin teku.
Ko dai sun tashi, ko kuma muna kan tushe.
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Mazaunan ruwa mai zurfi.
Manyan dodannin teku, na hakika, kamar sukaru 12-squid squid da kuma manyan maniyyi Whales, ko kuma “macizai na teku”, suna faranta ran dan adam. Me yasa, ta hanyar, giant? Anan akwai wata doka ta dabi'ar halitta - an aiwatar da ita - mulkin gigantism mai zurfi. Me yasa yawancin halittun teku da suke rayuwa a cikin ruwa a cikin ruwa mai zurfi masu yawa suna da girman gaske har yanzu ba a fahimce su ba. Menene ke taka rawa a nan: ƙara matsin lamba, karancin albarkatun abinci (lokacin da ba a sami abinci kaɗan ba, rayayyun halittu yana girma na dogon lokaci kuma yana iya zama babba) ko thermoregulation? Lallai, a cikin zurfin teku, ruwa koyaushe yayi sanyi fiye da yadda ake saman ruwa, kuma a cikin tekunan tuddai akwai manyan Kattai. Mafi yawan taro na jiki, da ƙarancin ƙasa da fafinta kuma, sabili da haka, ƙarancin zafi mai juyawa. Kuma wannan ya shafi ba kawai ga kwayoyin ruwa na ruwa ba: alal misali, bera mai tsayi ya fi girma fiye da takwarorinsa launin ruwan kasa, waɗanda suke zaune a kudu.
Halin teku, mai ban tsoro mutane, squid ne mai girma wanda yakamata ya iya jan jirgin gaba ɗaya cikin ruwa. Legends game da wannan sun kasance tun daga zamanin da, kuma a zamaninmu, Peter Benchley, marubucin littafin nan mai suna "The Beast" da kuma rubutun fim ɗin da aka fi sani da shi, sun yi ƙoƙari su dame squid, kamar yadda ake batun babban farin kifin. Aristotle ya kuma rubuta game da manyan dabbobin ruwa mai dauke da makamai wadanda suke dauke da alfarwansu da kofuna masu tsotsa. Mutanen da ke zaune a arewacin Turai suna da tatsuniyoyi game da manyan dodanni na teku - kraken, waɗanda ke kai hari kan jiragen ruwa. Wataƙila farkon ambaton waɗannan dabbobi na dabbobi masu zurfin tunani sun samo asali ne daga 1555. A cikin 1582, Bishop na Bergen, Eric Ludwigsen Pontoppidan, ya buga The Tarihin Tarihi na Norway. Dangane da bayanin nasa, kraken wani dodo ne: "babba, shimfiɗaɗɗiya kuma yana da makamai masu yawa ko rassa." Juyawar halittar wannan halittar "... a cikin da'irar tazarar mil mil daya ce ta Ingilishi kuma a farkon kallonta tayi kamar wasu tsibirai dabam dabam ne, kuma tantakinta ya kai girman adadin masarar matsakaicin jirgin ruwan." An yi zargin cewa dodo ya nutse manyan jiragen ruwa. Babu shakka, irin wannan rudani ne na wancan lokacin wanda masu kirkirar fim din 'Pirates na Caribbean' suka mamaye rayuwa ta kama-karya.
A shekara ta 1861, tatsuniya ta zama mai rai: '' Alekton '' ɗan Faransanci ya yi karo da wani katon katanga wanda aka haɗa shi da alfarwar sa. Dukkanin kungiyar sun shiga yaƙin. An harbi dabbar, an jefa harboons kuma yayi ƙoƙarin cire shi daga ruwa tare da ƙugiya. Rahoton na Captain Corvette game da wannan lamarin an karanta shi a taron Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Faransa da masana ilimi suka yi masa. Kawai a cikin 70s. XIX karni gabobin jikin wannan babban giwa-macen-macen ya fadi a hannun masana kimiyya, kuma aka bayyana shi: sunan kimiyya katuwar squid, ko architeuthis (Architeuthis). Yawancin lokaci ana samun gawawwakin manyan gilasai da wasu sassan jikinsu da aka wanke a bakin, da kuma a cikin ciki na Whales Whales cewa ciyar da su. Abin da ake kira "shaidun gani da ido" sun gamsu da "yaƙe-yaƙe" na kifayen Whales tare da manyan giram ɗin ceflopods, amma a zahiri adadinsu da ƙarfinsu ba su da fa'ida, wannan daidai yake da rubuce-rubuce game da yakin cat da linzamin kwamfuta. Mafi girman samfuran da aka samo shine tsayi 18 m, amma yawancinsa (12 m) sun faɗi akan tantin. Abubuwan da masu zanen gini zasu iya kaiwa tsawon 30 m sun dogara ne akan auna manyan alamun zagaye daga kofuna masu tsotse fata a jikin fatar maniyyi, amma yana da sauki a ɗauka cewa waɗannan sikeli sun bar su ta hanyar jigilar matasa, wanda daga baya ya girma, kuma ya fara ne daga kofuna masu tsotsa suka miƙa tare da fatar. Gine-ginen gida suna zaune a wurare masu faɗi da keɓaɓɓe zuwa zurfin kilomita da yawa kuma da wuya su sami kansu a saman, yawanci waɗannan marasa lafiya ne ko dabbobi masu mutuwa. A karo na farko, daukar hoto mai girman squid a cikin mazauninsa na halitta mai yiwuwa ne kawai a cikin karni mu - masana kimiyya na Jafanawa ne suka yi wannan.
Shin manyan gilashin squids suna da haɗari sosai ga jiragen ruwa? Wataƙila, amma ga ƙarami. A gefen tekun Newfoundland a shekara ta 1873, wani katuwar squid ya makale jirgin ruwan kamun tare da shinge sannan ya jawo su zuwa zurfafan, masunta sun yi hasara, amma saurayin dan shekara 12 wanda ya bayyana a cikin jirgin ya ceci lamarin: ya kama wuka ya yanke farfajiyar dodo, sannan nan da nan ya saki jirgin ya mutu cikin zurfin. . A cikin 30s. na karni na karshe, Brunswick mai ɗaukar ruwa mai ɗaukar nauyin tan 15,000 ya kai hari sau uku ta hanyar katuwar squid. Kowane lokaci, squid ya zo gefen mai tanki, ba zato ba tsammani ya juya, ya faɗa tare da jirgin kuma yayi ƙoƙarin kewaye ƙwanƙolinsa tare da tanti. Me ya buƙata? Shin ya ɗauki jirgin ne don amintaccen ruwan kifi? Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, lokuta masu kama da juna suna faruwa, amma ba tare da wani sakamako ba ga jiragen ruwa da mutane. Daya daga cikin sabbin abubuwan da suka faru ya faru ne a cikin watan Janairu na 2003 yayin jirgin ruwa na jirgin ruwa. Wani katon squid mai tsawon mil 8 ya kai hari ga wani dan tseren Faransa Olivier de Curzon a tsibirin Madeira.Ya kewaye shingen jirgin ruwan tare da tantuna, kuma sanduna biyu sun hana mashin din. “Na ga mafakar ta bakin kofar, ya fi kauri daga kafafu, kuma wannan dodo ya yi kokarin jan jirgi na,” in ji maigidan. Jirgin ruwan ya ɓace, kuma lokacin da ta tsaya, squid ya buɗe hannayensa ya shiga zurfin.
Koyaya, yayin da ya juya, manyan gilashin squids basu da wata hanyar girma a cikin giram ɗin. A shekara ta 2004, wanda ake kira da suna colossal squid Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni an fara kama shi da rai a cikin ruwan Antarctic. za a iya samun ƙarin la'akari da zakara. Babban farin squid, in ba haka ba - Antarctic gizz squid ko kuma squar Antarctic squid, an san shi tun 1925, amma da wuya ya fada hannun mutane - a zahiri, ba shine squid da kansa ba, amma guntunsa ne. A shekara ta 2007, a cikin Tekun Ross, masunta na New Zealand da ke da matsanancin matsala sun ja daga ruwan kuma sun aika zuwa ƙasarsu don yin nazarin samfurin mafi girma na squid wanda ya taɓa kasancewa a hannun mutum mai nauyin kilogram 450.
Wani lokaci ana kiran babban squid Humboldt squid, wanda ba gaskiya bane. Humboldt squids da gaske sun bambanta sosai a cikin girman mai girma - har zuwa 1.9 m a tsayi tare da shimfidar murfin kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 50 (wani lokacin ma). Suna zaune a ko'ina cikin Humboldt a gefen tekun Pacific na Amurka. Wannan nau'in kasuwanci ne. Akai-akai ana samun rahoton harin na wadannan dabbobin akan masunta da makamantansu, amma duk wadannan hare-haren sun fusata mutane. Humidldt squid a zahiri yana da ikon jan mutum zuwa zurfi, amma waɗannan ceflopods suna bayyana ne a farfajiya kawai a cikin duhu. Game da octopuse, mafi girma daga cikinsu - doctocin Doflein, ko giant - ba shi da girma, yawanci ba ya wuce kilo 10. Manyan mutane masu nauyin kilogram 30 suna yin nauyi zuwa 1.5 m, amma lokaci-lokaci ana samun samfurori mafi girma. Suna zaune a arewacin yankin tekun Pacific, da iyakar Asiya da Amurka, da kuma tsibirin Kuril da Kwamandan. Mafi yawan octopus na Doflein zai iya yi shine ƙoƙarin kawar da kyamarar daga diver.
Koyaya, tekun yana ɓoye a cikin kansa ba kawai labarun manyan abubuwan ban tsoro ba, har ma da dabbobi da yawa waɗanda har yanzu ba'a san su ga kimiyya ba - watakila basu yi fice ba, amma duk da haka suna da matukar muhimmanci. Misali, a shekara ta 2006, masanan kimiyyar ruwa sun gano wasu nau'ikan halittu 80 da ba a san ko su wanene ba, gami da wani babban lobster mai nauyin kilo 4 da shrimp, wanda bai canza sosai ba tun daga lokacin Jurassic.
Littafin "Mutane da dabbobi. Turanci da gaskiya ”Olga Arnold.
Johnson's Melanocetus Habitat
Johnson melanocytes ya mamaye dukkan tekuna a yankuna masu zafi da yanayi.
Larvae da manya suna zaune a ruwa na tsayi mita ɗari na ruwa.
Zurfin abin da za'a gano wakilan wannan nau'in daga tsaran mita dari zuwa kilomita hudu. Don haka, binciken melanocytes na Johnson ya takaita manya-manyan hanyoyin ruwa da teku.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa larvae larvae sun fi so su zauna a cikin ruwa mai tsayi mita ɗari na ruwa, inda suke haɓakawa zuwa matsayin girma.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
