Matsayi na tsari.
Iyalin Mantis - Mantidae (Manteidae).
Bolivaria - Bolivaria brachyptera (Pallas, 1773

Matsayi. 7 “Musamman sarrafawa” - 7, SK. An haɗa shi a cikin Shafi 2 zuwa littafin Red na Federationungiyar Rasha *. A cikin Sabon littafin USSR yana ga rukuni “II. Speciesabilar keɓaɓɓu ”.

Alamun waje na bolivaria mai gajeren zango

Bolivaria wakilin mantis ne mai ban sha'awa. Jikinta yayi siriri, mai elongated, brownish-launin shuɗi mai launi. Girman girma na mata sune 4-5.3 cm, maza sunkai 3-4.5 cm.

'Yan Bolivaria suna rayuwa a cikin hatsi-tsutsa.

Karshen gefen gado daga cikin pronotum ba a sanyawa bane. Abun ciki gajere ne. Thean taƙaitaccen elytra ta gefen maɗaukakkiyar gaba tana da kyau, tare da rukunin duhu a gaban gwaggon biri da zobe mai duhu a tsakiya, wanda koyaushe ba zai iya bambancewa ba. An nuna su kuma kada su wuce bayan tsakiyar ciki. Fuka-fukan Hind suna smoky, tare da baki ko baki-violet datsa a kusa da gefen. A kasan taya, kashi na farko ya fi tsayi fiye da yadda aka haɗu duka.

Tsarin gaban gwiwoyin gaban mantis yayi kama da wanda ya mutu. Theararrawar dusar ƙanƙara tare da ɗigon ruwa yana ɗaukar ruwa, cinya tare da waƙoƙi suna aiki a matsayin abin rikewa. Cikin tsammanin farauta, mantis ya ɓoye ruwan wukake a tsintsiya a cikin kwatangwalo, amma a gaban wanda aka azabtar, ya jefa su da saurin walƙiya, ya kama hannun da ƙarfi a kan cinya da kafa. Akwai lokuta idan ta wannan hanyar manyan mantises farauta kananan frogs da lizards.

Wormwood Bolivaria an haɗa shi a cikin littafin Red na Ukraine a matsayin nau'in haɗari.

Bayar da Bolivarius Habitats

Bolivaria mai gajeren wando yana zaune a cikin tsaunuka, hamada, ana samunsa akan tsire-tsire da aka daidaita don rayuwa cikin yanayin m, a kan tsaunukan tuddai da ƙafa. Mazaunan wurare a cikin steppe tare da sparse ciyayi, rayuwa tare da kogin terraces, a kan ciyawa ciyawar hamada, ciyawar gullies da floodplains. A cikin matakan ƙafafunsa yana tashi tare da dutsen gangara zuwa tsaunin sama da 2000 m sama da matakin teku. A Tsakiyar Asiya, ana samun bolivaria a cikin biomopes na hatsi-ciyawa, tugai, hamada solyanka da hamada.

Bolivaria nau'i ne mai fuka-fukai guda-guda - kawai jinsin ne tsakanin mutanen mantis wanda mazauninsa ya bazu zuwa arewacin tudun Eurasia.

Bolivarium abinci mai gina jiki

Wannan nau'in kwari wani irin ne da ke son cin ganima a wurin dakaru. Babban abincin ya ƙunshi wakilai na orthoptera, diflorous, suna zaune a wurare guda ɗaya kamar bolivaria.

Maƙaddara tana ciyar da fari, ciyawar ciyawa, kwari, kwari, kwari. Da yake kama ganima, da ainihin abincin na hadiye abinda yake ci. Ya canza shi daga wani paws na gaba zuwa wani, yayi nazari, ya lullube kansa ya dafe ta a hankali, ba tare da tayi sauri ba. Manya fikafikan sa da kafafu sun zubo, bayan sun gama shan abinci, Mantis yayi goge goge a hankali, ya tsabtace, ya sanya kafafun sa, ya jawo shi a kirji, ya sake daskarewa a matsayin karamar mazaunin addu'a.

Bolivaria suna ciyar da kwari, wanda suke sha nan da nan bayan kamawa.

Yawan baƙuwar ƙwallon ƙafa

Yawan nau'in tsuntsaye ba su da yawa a ko'ina; ana samun daidaikun mutanen Bolivaria Bolivaria a mahalli. Yanayin yawan jama'ar cikin ƙasarmu a cikin yankin da aka kiyaye shi an ɗauka amintacce ne. Yawancin lokaci, a cikin awa ɗaya na gwaji, ana iya gano bolivarias 1-3, wani lokacin ma. Yawancin adadin jama'a gaba ɗaya halayyar manyan kwari ne da ke haifar da cutar kuma ba sa nuna yanayin yanayin halittar da ake ciki. A cikin yawancin yankuna na kudancin kasarmu, saboda raguwar kiwo na tumaki, an sake dawo da yalwar dabi'a ta Bolivaria Bolivaria a cikin manyan wurare inda aka lura da lalata budurwar budurwa a baya saboda karuwar garken tumaki.

Bolivaria Bolivaria ne mai wuya rare wakilin mantis.

Dalilai na raguwar adadin bolivaria

Babban dalilin rage yawan kananan bolivaria masu karamin karfi shine bunkasar yankuna inda mazauna jinsunan suke: farin ciki kusa da matattakalar, shiblaki, makircin matse kusa da matsugunnan. Dangane da ci gaban yawon shakatawa, nauyin nishaɗin waɗannan shimfidar wurare yana ƙaruwa ko'ina. Bugu da kari, a cikin wasu gundumomi da dama, wuraren guna da gwari suna haɓaka, wanda ke haifar da raguwa a cikin wuraren budurwar da ta dace da zama a Bolivaria. Wani barazana ga wanzuwar jinsin yana wakiltar magungunan kashe qwari wadanda suka shiga sarkar abincin zuwa kwari. Ciyawar ƙonewa yana lalata ƙwai da larvae.

Ana samun kariya ga wingan sandunan gajeren zango a adadi da yawa.

Kare da kwari

An haɗa Bolivaria Bolivaria a cikin Shafi na 2 zuwa Littafin Lissafi na Tarayyar Rasha. An kiyaye shi da dama ajiyar tare da sauran nau'ikan. Wajibi ne a keɓe ƙananan wuraren da aka keɓe na matakan don dawo da adadin ƙarancin mantis. Matakan kariya da aka ba da shawarar kariya ga bolivaria ba su da gaggawa.

Koyaya, haɓaka mai zurfi sosai na yankuna inda aka kiyaye al'ummomin tsire-tsire na musamman na iya haifar da ɓarɓarewar ƙwayar cuta ta Bolivaria. Kari akan haka, ya zama dole a jigilar abubuwan da ake sanyawa cikin nishadi a mazaunan halittu.

Cikin tsammanin farauta, mantis ya ɓoye ruwan wukake a tsintsiya a cikin kwatangwalo, amma a gaban wanda aka azabtar, ya jefa su da saurin walƙiya, ya kama hannun da ƙarfi a kan cinya da kafa.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

Bayanin gajeriyar magana

Jikin matsakaici ne a cikin girman, launin toka, launin ruwan kasa, mai kauri, 34-40 mm, 37- 46 mm a girman. A gefe ɗaya daga cikin kwanciyar hankali an sanya shi cikin kwanciyar hankali. Elytra da fuka-fukan suna gajera; a cikin dukkan jinsi sun kai tsakiyar tsakiyar ciki kawai. Elytra tare da gefen gaba mai haske, zobe mai duhu a tsakiya da ƙungiya a gaban gwaggon biri, waɗanda ba a bayyana su a sarari. Fuka-fukan suna smoky tare da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko kusan iyakar baki kusa da gefen.

Yaɗa

Crimea, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Tsakiya da Asiya ,aramar, Siriya, Iran, a gabas sun isa kudu maso yamma Mongolia. Iyakar nau'in Halittar halittar, wanda kewayonsa zuwa arewa ya haɗu zuwa tsaunin Eurasia. A cikin Tarayyar Rasha an same shi a cikin yankin steppe daga Ciscaucasia da yankin Volga zuwa Irtysh. Tsakanin SFD ya yadu.

A cikin littafin Red na Jamhuriyar Dagestan an lura da shi a cikin sarari a sarari: "... a cikin ciyawar daji na ciyayi na Nogai, Kizlyar, Lardin Derbent da kuma kusancin Agrahan Bay, Kumtorkali dune" a gabashin jamhuriya. Wani takamaiman nuni na kasancewa cikin wallafe-wallafen shine kusancin Lake. Maciji. An tattara nau'in a cikin 2003 a kan tsire-tsire na xerophytic na ganima na Gimrinsky Range, a kusa da Maidan.

A Arewacin Ossetia, an nuna shi don igiyar banƙyama, kewayon ya ƙunshi gundumar Mozdok da ke arewacin jamhuriya, da ke kan iyaka da Stavropol. A cikin Jamhuriyar Chechen an lura da shi a cikin gundumar Shelkovsky, tana kan iyaka da Dagestan.

A cikin Littafin Red na Jamhuriyar Armenia babu takamaiman bayanai game da abin da aka samo a cikin jamhuriya. A cikin RO, an lura da shi a cikin gundumomin Zimovnikovsky, Dubovsky, Zavetinsky, akan shirye-shiryen budurwa a cikin yankin Rostovsky reserve da kuma Azov steppes na ƙananan Don [9, 10]. Hakanan an san shi daga yankuna na kudu maso gabas na RO, yana kan iyakar arewacin Caucasus, Kalmykia da yankin Volgograd.

A cikin rubutun Red Book na Burtaniya an lura cewa an samo nau'in a kudu maso gabas da kudu maso yamma na ƙasa, akwai takamaiman alamun ganowa a tsakiyar ɓangaren tsakiyar stavropol Upland (Kursavka, Surkul), sashin arewa maso gabas (Arzgir) da kuma kan Prikum Semi-desert fili ( Kumskaya MZhS), kazalika a cikin lardunan Arzgir da Turkmen.

A cikin yankin Volgograd, adadin bolivaria ya hada da yawancin matakan kare rayuka na bangon hagu na Volga da kuma gundumomin da ke kudu da yankin Canga na Volga-Don. A bugu na farko na Littafin Cutar Ruwa ta CC, bayanai kan wannan nau'in ba su nan.

Yankin yanki ya haɗa da yankuna na biopepes na gundumar Temryuk, inda jinsin yake zaune a kan gungumen gangara da gandun daji da shiblyak. Hakanan ya mamaye saman kudu na Tekun Bahar Maliya (Navagir, Markotkh), makiyaya a kan shinge na daɓukan ruwa kuma yana gudana tare da ciyayi mai tsalle-tsalle mai tsayi har zuwa kusan 400 m.

Sanan daga kusa da Novorossiysk, pos. Kudu da Arewa Ozereyevka, Shirokaya Balka, Utrish, Sukko, Abrau kuma mai yiwuwa a cikin yankuna na gabashin yankin, suna kan iyaka da Stavropol. Kusan kwanan nan aka gano a cikin budurwar tsibiri na Taman Peninsula, a bankunan kusa da kewayen Tsokur, Kiziltash, Bugaz.

Siffofin ilmin halitta da kuma ilimin halittu

Kamar duk addu'o'in da za a yi, kamar farauta ne. Tana da ƙarni ɗaya. Babban ganima shine orthoptera, da yawa a cikin mazaunan Bolivaria, kazalika da wakilan umarnin Lepidoptera, Diptera, da sauran kwari waɗanda ake kama don kamawa.

A cikin Federationungiyar Tarayyar Rasha, zaune a cikin kwari, hamada, a kan tsaunukan tuddai da ƙafa tare da tsabtataccen tsalle-tsalle. A Armenia, ana kuma bin layin ƙasa, a sashin ƙwallon ƙafa an same shi a kan dutsen mai ƙarfi, yana tashi zuwa tsaunuka zuwa tsauni sama da 2000 m sama da matakin teku. tekuna. .

A Tsakiyar Asiya, tana zaune a cikin jerin ƙwayoyin cuta na hatsi-ciyawa, solyanka rabin hamada da hamada, kuma ta shiga tugai. Ba a yi nazarin ilmin halitta ba a cikin yankin musamman, duk da haka, an san cewa lokacin kwanciya na edema ya faɗi ne a watan Agusta - Satumba, yayin da wasu mutane ke tsira har zuwa Nuwamba.

Yawaita da yanayin sa

Yawan nau'in halittu sun cika ko'ina, yana faruwa a fili. A yankin Volgograd, RO, SK, KK, a cikin jumlolin Kalmykia, Dagestan, a lokacin lura daga 1995 zuwa 2005, halin da yawan jama'ar Bolivaria Bolivaria ya kasance tabbatacce. Yawanci, adadin shine mutum 1-3 a cikin awa 1 na gwaji, da wuya hakan ta wuce. Yawancin adadin jama'a gaba ɗaya halayyar manyan kwari ne da ke haifar da cutar kuma ba ya nuna halin halin yawan jama'arsu.

A cikin yankuna da dama na Kudancin Tarayyar Rasha, inda aka samar da garken tumaki a cikin iyakokin Bolivaria a cikin shimfidar shimfidar wurare da kuma matsakaitan hamada, raguwa a sikelin ta, musamman a cikin 90s na karni na karshe, ya taimaka wajen sake dawo da adadin adadi na yawan jama'arta a manyan wuraren da biotopes suka lalace a baya saboda tsananin girman kai. . Don haka, a cikin RO a cikin wuraren kariya mai kariya a lokacin bazara na 2005, yalwar nau'in halittu a wasu wurare shine mutum 3-5 a cikin awa 1 na bincike.

Gabaɗaya, jihar yawan Bolivaria a cikin KA ma ta kasance tabbatacciya a halin yanzu kuma baya haifar da damuwa sosai, musamman tunda yankin wannan yanki ba shine yankin da ke tattare da yawan wannan nau'in ba. Yawancin adadi mai yawan mutane shine sananne a cikin budurwa mara hanzari da ta hau kan tudu. Navagir Peninsula Abrau.

Iyakan abubuwan

A wani muhimmin matsayi, ana bunkasa yankin a cikin yankin inda aka gano yanayin halittun halittun maza kamar maza: shiblak, da farin ciki a tsaunin kududdufin, da kuma matakan farawa, musamman ma wuraren zama.

Kusan ko'ina, nauyin nishaɗin waɗannan shimfidar wurare ma yana ƙaruwa saboda ci gaban yawon shakatawa da kwararar yawon buɗe ido a yankin gabar teku. A cikin gundumar Temryuk, Bugu da kari, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawan filayen da suka mamaye gonakin inabi da kankana yana ƙaruwa sosai.

Wadannan hanyoyin suna ba da gudummawa ga rage yankin ƙasar budurwa da suka wajaba don wanzuwar bolivaria. Sakamakon sakamako na amfani da kwari-bakan ya haifar da wata barazana ga yawan jinsunan da ke zaune kusa da ƙasar noma. Babban lalacewar gundarin katako wanda ya zama sanadin lalacewa ta hanyar ƙone ciyayi.

Ya zama dole da ƙarin matakan tsaro

A cikin littafin Red na Yukren na SSR, wanda aka hada wannan nau'in, a matsayin kariya ta kariya, an ba da shawarar rarraba kananan wuraren da aka keɓe a cikin yankuna na Crimea (a kan tsibirin Tarkhankut da Kerch) da kuma gefen kudu na ƙafafun dutsen Crimea.

A cikin QC, irin waɗannan shawarwari don bolivaria ba su da gaggawa. Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci don dawo da tsari a cikin haɓakawa na rashin daidaituwa na yankuna inda keɓaɓɓun tsiren Rum, na musamman don yankin (da Federationungiyar Rasha gaba ɗaya), an kiyaye su, kuma ya kamata a shimfiɗa abubuwan nishaɗi a cikin yankunan tsibirin.

Yakamata yakamata a sanya shi cikin jerin abubuwan kariya da ake dasu a duk yankin da ake da kariya a ciki: yankin Abrausky, Bolshoi Utrish (rigakafin), abubuwan tarihi na Juniper Woodlands, dazuzzukan Juniper na Sheskharis Forest, Yakhno fili, Cape Panagia ”,“ Karabetova Gora tare da dutsen Volcanoes (Karabetova Sopka) ”,“ Cape Zhelezniy Rog ”,“ tafkin Salt ”[15, 16].

Tushen bayanai. Littafin Cikakken Tarihi na Krasnodar. 1. Avakyan, 1950, 2. Red Book of the USSR, 1984, 3. Red Book of the Republic of Dagestan, 1998, 4. The Book of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, 1999, 5. Littafin nan na RA, 2000, 6. Littafin nan na RO, 2004 7. SC Red Book, 2002, 8. Red Book of the SSR, 1980, 9. Minoransky, Demina, 1990, 10. Minoransky, Tikhonov, 1998, 11. Mukhin, 1992, 12. Nagalevsky, 1994, 13. Nikulin, 1969, 14. Pravdin, 1978, 15. A kan sifa ..., 1983, 16. A kan sifa ..., 1988, 17. A kan amincewa ..., 1998, 18. Stolyarov, Kalacheva, 2002, 19. Uzhakhov, King, 1990.20. Ba a buga bayanan M. V. Stolyarov, 21. Ba a buga bayanan V. I. Schurov ba. Kwatankwacin M.V. Stolyaro