Masanin ilimin kimiyyar kimiyyar kasar Jamus ya fara gano wannan nau'in sharks. Ludwig Doderline, wanda ya kawo kwatancen kwalliyar kwalliya ta Vienna bayan ya ziyarci Japan a 1879-1881. Abin takaici, ya kasa yada ilimin sa, tunda an yi asara dalla dalla game da wannan dabbar. Duniyar kimiya ta samu labarin wannan sharkin ne bayan buga labarin "Banbancin Shark" a shekarar 1884, masanin ilmin kimiya na kimiyyar dabbobi da kuma zoologist Samuel Garman. A cikin wannan aikin, masanin kimiyyar ya ɗauki mace mai mita 1.5, wanda aka kama a Japan a cikin Sagami Bay. Garman ya ba da suna ga sabon nau'in "Chlamydoselachus anguineus", daga Girkanci"сhlamy"(toad) da"selachus"(shark), har da Latin"anguineus"(agwọine). Daga baya aka kirashi"tok shark", "liz Shark", siliki da rashin tsoro kifin sharki.
Ana samun tarko da bakin teku musamman a ruwa mai tsananin zafi da tsafta a tekun Atlantika da Pacific. Kodayake akwai alamun kama kifaye a zurfin sama da kilomita 1.5. Ainihin, ana kiyaye kifin sharrin a cikin kewayon 500-1000 m daga saman ruwa. Haka kuma, dabbar tana kiyaye zurfin daban-daban gwargwadon mazauninsu. A cikin Tsibirin Japon na Suruga, kifin shakatawa ya fi son zama kusa da ruwa - a zurfin na 50-100 m. Kuma yana raguwa kawai a lokacin dumi, lokacin da zazzabi ruwan yayi sama da digiri 15 Celsius. Amma gaba ɗaya, abincin kifin yana ba da shawarar yin ƙaura a tsaye akai-akai. A lokuta da dama, ana ganin kifin shark har ma a saman ruwan.
Tana da ciwo mai tsoka. Tun lokacin da aka gano kifin danko, ana yawan kwatanta shi da macijin teku na almara. Shugaban fadi da kaifin baki, tare da manyan idanuna ba tare da laushi ba, ya dau banbance. Kimanin 300 matsakaitan hakora suna cikin pastes kuma a cikin layuka da yawa. Fashin ɗigon kwanya na gajere ne, finfin marsunan kuma ba shi da girma sosai. Ayayyun ƙafar ɗabi'a, akasin haka, babba ne, babba kuma mai zagaye. Tare da ciki akwai nau'i biyu na fatar fuska, ayyukan waɗanda ba a bayyane suke ba tukuna. Bayanan kwatancen samfuran da aka kama sun nuna cewa maza sun yi girma zuwa 1.7 na mata sun fi girma girma, sun kai tsawon mita 2. Launi mai launin shark mai launin toka mai launin toka mai duhu.
Yankin shark mai gashin kansa yana dacewa da zama don zurfafa zurfi. Tana da babban hanta wanda ke cike da lipids (fat mai), wanda ke tallafawa jikin dabba a cikin rukunin ruwa ba tare da ƙoƙari sosai ba. Wannan yan 'shark' yana daga cikin 'yan kalilan wadanda suke da layin gefen “bude” wanda zai baka damar jin motsin yiwuwar cin ganima koda a yanayin yanayin gani sosai.
Squids suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin abincin abincin da ke bakance mai baƙar fata. Wannan yana nuna cewa, duk da yanayin rayuwa mai zurfi, yana da ingantacciyar hanyar samun abinci, wacce ba ta saba wa waɗanda ke cikin teku. Koyaya, ya kamata a tuna cewa kifin yana da gill slill 6, kuma bakin yana buɗewa sosai, godiya ga ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan jaw. Bude baki mai saurin buɗewa na iya ƙirƙirar tasirin "tsotsa", don haka farauta don squid na iya zama lami ne kawai a kan wanda aka azabtar. Amma wannan hasashe ne kawai, tunda kallon kifin yanayin mazauninta bai kasance mai sa'a ba.
Wata hanyar da za a iya neman ɗanɗana shark ita ce hutawa a gaba don buɗe bakinsa a buɗe a kan abincin da yake wucewa. An sauƙaƙe wannan da wutsiya mai tsayi, wanda ke ba da izinin kifaye su hanzarta, kamar maciji. Hare-hare na gajere kuma ba sa musun yarda da ka'idar da aka yarda da ita ta salon rayuwa mai zurfi na duk waɗanda ke cikin teku.
Kaɗan ne kawai ba a sani ba game da yaduwar Shark-mai baƙar fata. Amma ya bayyana sarai cewa a zurfin kilomita 1. ba za a iya lura da yanayin zazzabi na lokacin yanayi ba, wanda ke ba da shawarar kiwo a shekara-shekara na kifi. Mace ba su da mahaifa, amma suna viviparous. Wadancan. mace ba sa kwan qwai, amma suna ɗauke da shi a cikin kansu. Matsakaicin, kifin ƙangin mace mai ciki ya ɗauki ƙwai 2-15. Duk tsawon lokacin daukar ciki a cikin dabbobi ya kai shekaru 3.5, wanda ya fi tsayi fiye da kowane tsinkaye. Amfrayo ya kara 1.4 cm a wata kuma ya shiga haske tuni yakai 40-60 cm.
Ga 'yan Adam, shark mai sharba bashi da wata barazana. Abinda kawai yakamata a ji tsoro shine shine kaifi na Shark. Wasu masana kimiyya sun ji rauni hannayensu yayin nazarin dabbobi da aka kama. Da kyar yakan fada cikin raga wanda mutum ya shirya, amma kifin ya mutu kafin ya hau sama. Ga masu aikin teku, irin wannan masifar ba ta da daɗi, tunda tarkokin teku masu zurfi, waɗanda aka tsara musamman don tekun teku da ƙamshi, sun lalace daga rikicewar kifin shark, wanda ke haifar da asara. Kodayake wasu lokuta ana kama mutane da aka kama don sayarwa, amma mafi yawan lokuta sukan tafi zuwa samar da kifin.
Fasali da mazaunin yanyan siliki
Shark mai fashin baki yana daya daga cikin nau'in kifaye masu kisa, wanda ke zaune a cikin teku mai zurfi da kuma yanayin farko. A wata hanyar kuma, ana kiranta corrugated.
Launi aul har zuwa mafi girma a tsaftataccen zurfin, wanda ya tashi daga mita 600 zuwa 1000. Irin wannan kifin na maciji ya iya cinye duk wata matsala da ta faru a can nesa kuma har ya zuwa yau sama da kyau.
Irin wannan rayuwa mai wadatarwa, wataƙila, wannan kifin ya ba da kanta don godiya ga hanyar rayuwarta mai zurfi. Akwai 'yan kalilan ko abokan hamayyarta mata a zurfin mita 600.
Farkon sane da mutumin da ke da ƙamshin sharki ya faru a shekarar 1880. Masanin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na kasar Jamus Ludwig Doderlein ne ya fara ganin wannan mu'ujiza a cikin ruwa yana wanke Japan. Ya yi bayanin kwatancin sa da abubuwan ban mamaki game da wannan mummunan kifin da ya gani.
Amma tunda waɗannan kwatancin sun kasance labarun zane ne na kimiyya ban da na kimiyya, kaɗan ne suka ɗauke su da muhimmanci. Wani labarin kimiyya daga Samuel Garman, wanda kuma sanannen masanin kimiyyar halittar dabbobi ne, ya ba mutane duk damar yin imani da kasancewar wannan kifin. Kuma bayan wannan ne karen sharrin ya fara ɗaukarsa a matsayin ainihin kifayen da suka bambanta.
A ina ne irin waɗannan baƙin abubuwa masu kyau da kyawawan sunayen shahararrun yan takobi suka zo? Komai yana da sauki. Sun kira shi lacrimal, saboda kyakkyawar ƙarancin mahaifa, wanda yake da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu sannan kuma dukkan kamannin sa sun yi kama da alkyabbar.
Ta yi lalata da ita saboda tana da filabobi da yawa a jikinta duka. Masana ilimin kimiyya suna ba da shawarar cewa irin wannan babban nau'in tanadi ne na babban abincin da za a sanya shi a cikin kifin.
Bayan wannan, wannan kifin yana da iko mai ban mamaki kuma yana haɗiye ganima a jikinta gabaɗaya. Hakoranta suna matukar tunawa da allura, suna tanƙwara cikin bakin ta kuma basu dace da murƙushe abinci ko cin tauna ba.
Akwai kusan 300 daga cikinsu. Amma suna da babbar fa'ida, tare da taimakonsu, kifin sharkin zai iya kiyaye ganima a bakinta da hana shi warwarewa, koda kuwa wanda aka azabtar yana da jan hankali.
Shark yana da ƙananan. Matarsa na iya girma har zuwa mita biyu. Maza kadan ne kadan - mita 1.5-1.7. Kifayen suna da jiki mai elongated mai kama da ƙwallo tare da kai da kaifin kaɗa.
A hoton yan shark mafi yawanci ya ja hankalin ta da idanuna marasa kwalliya. Suna da yawa, oval tare da launi mai farin launi mai ban sha'awa. Suna birgima a ɓoye kawai zurfin zurfafa.
A nan ne kusan rayuwar gaba daya ta fuskar hadaddiyar yashi ta kare. Akwai wasu lokutan da wannan kifin mai ban mamaki ya tashi zuwa saman ruwa. Wannan galibi yakan faru ne da daddare, a wanne lokacin ne yankan abincin suka sami abinci.
Wannan dabbar da ta riga ta dace tana da dadi sosai a cikin ruwan dumi na tekun Atlantika da Pacific. A can ne za ku iya saduwa da ita. Ta hadu ne a cikin ruwa tana wanke Brazil, Australia da New Zealand, Norway. Har yanzu ba a yi nazarin mazauninta ba tukuna. Wataƙila ana iya samunsa a cikin ruwayen Arctic.
Kasancewa a cikin zurfin wannan kifin yana taimakawa hantarsa, wanda, ban da kasancewa da girma, yana cike da ƙarin ƙwayoyin lipids, kuma su, bi da bi, suna taimakawa don kiyaye jikin kifin a cikin zurfin ruwa mai zurfi ba tare da matsaloli ba.
Halin hali da salon rayuwar Fiery Shark
Wannan kifayen halittar kyakkyawa ne. Tana da dabara ta musamman, musamman ma game da farauta. A wannan yanayin, ɗan Shark yana taimaka mata ƙarni na ƙwarewa. Don jawo hankalin wanda aka azabtar, kifin ya ta'allaka cikin nutsuwa cikin kwanciyar hankali, yayin da wutsiyar wutsiyar sa ta dogara a bakin tekun.
Da zaran abincin kifin ya bayyana a kusa, sai ya huci gaba da bakinsa bude baki ya hadiye abincin da yake rabin rabinsa.
A lokaci guda, kwayar ta ke rufewa, kuma kifin sharki ya haifar da matsanancin matsin lamba, wanda ke jan abinci kai tsaye ta bakin ta. A lokaci guda, wutsiyarsa tana taimakawa kifin don motsawa da sauri, godiya ga wanda tayi hanzari kamar maciji.
Irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi gaba ɗaya sun musanta ra'ayin cewa kifayen suna da yanayin rayuwa. Wannan kifin yana da shimfiɗa a buɗe. Wannan yana bawa masu karban saurin hanzartawa kuma a nesa mai nisa don riskar dabarar halittar.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Ba a san kaɗan ba game da yadda wannan kifin yake haifuwa. Amma tunda a zurfin da shark din yake zaune a ciki, ba za a bayyanar da zazzabi na waje ta kowace hanya ba, to masana kimiyya suna da dalilai na yin imani da cewa kifin shark na fata duk shekara.
Mace ba su da mahaifa, amma ana ɗaukar su masu lalata. Matsakaicin adadin ƙwai wanda yake ɗaukar nauyin kansa ya kai 2 zuwa 15 ƙwai. Cutar Haihuwa Shark mafi tsawo na dukkan layi. Matar ta tsinke ƙwai shekaru 3.5.
Ga kowane wata na ciki, mahaifar sa tayi girma 1.5 cm kuma jarirai 40 santimita an riga an haife su, wanda macen bata damu da komai ba. Sharks sharks suna rayuwa har kusan shekaru 25.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Yankin Shark yana da dukiya mai ban mamaki - hanyar buɗe ido. Wato, farauta cikin zurfin duhu, tana jin duk motsin da ganima tayi. Abincishark squid, stingrays, crustaceans da nasu nau'in - ƙananan kifayen kifayen.
Koyaya, ya zama mai ban sha'awa yadda irin wannan mai rikicewar mutum, irin su kifin ƙwal, za su iya farautar squids masu sauri. An sanya gaba a kan wannan batun. Gaskiya, kifi da ke kwance a ƙasa a cikin cikakken duhu ya mamaye squid tare da ɗan haƙoran hakora.
Kuma a hankali ya riske shi, ya sauko kamar mayuka. Ko kuma ta hanyar rufe gibin da ke jikin kwayar, an kirkiro wani matsin lamba a bakinsu, wanda ake kira mara kyau. Tare da taimakonsa, wanda aka azabtar ya tsotse a cikin bakin shar. Sauƙin ganima ma yana zuwa - mara lafiya, raunana squids.
Shark mai launin baƙar fata ba ya tauna abinci, amma yana cinye duka. Tana da kaifi, mai lanƙwasa hakoran cikin ciki domin ya riƙe abin da ya ci.
Yayin binciken wadannan sharuddan, yan kimiya sun jawo hankulan su ga yadda kwayayen su kusan babu komai a ciki. Saboda haka, akwai shawarwari waɗanda ko dai suna da babban gibin tsakanin abinci, ko tsarin narkewa yana aiki da sauri cewa abincin yana narkewa nan take.
Me yasa ake kiran Shark?
Wannan dabba ta d received a ta karɓi suna don siffar dabbar agwọ mai tsayi, kusan launin ruwan ƙasa 2 da launin fatar da ke rufe dafin buɗe murfin. A cikin membranes na kwayan, cike da damuwa a makogwaro, samar da jaka na fata mai kama da alkyabbar.
Wannan nau'in bashi da fatar ido, kuma kashin baya rabe zuwa cikin kashin dabbobi, wanda kuma ya sake tabbatar da asalin kifin lacrimal. Duk ƙeƙasun ƙasan sun kasance a kusa, kuma caudal fin ya ƙunshi ruwa guda ɗaya.
Maƙudin mai jan rai shine girman girmansa. Da fari dai, bakin yana zaune akan ƙananan snout ba, amma akan sashi na ƙarshe. Hakora hakora ne, kusoshi biyar, mai kamshi, mai kama da kambi, kuma an shirya su cikin jerin abubuwan da ba a saba ba saboda sharks - su kanana ne a gaba kuma babba a baya. Akwai kimanin haƙƙora 300 a cikin muƙamuƙi.
Kalli bidiyon - Shark-mai Baki:
The dodanni prehistoric fi son ruwan dumi na Tekun Atlantika, da tsaunuka, duk da haka, an gan su a cikin Barents Sea da kusa da Norway.
Yankin shark yana haifar da rayuwa mai ban tsoro, yana rayuwa a zurfin har zuwa mita 1,500 kuma yana ciyar da akasari a kan cephalopods, flounder da crustaceans. Koyaya, ba zai ƙi yayyafa sauran ƙabilu a matsayin abinci ba.
Kwanan nan, an sami labari cewa wannan nau'in yana da iya yin ƙaura a tsaye - tare da canjin zafin jiki ko rashin abinci, kifin chimera yana gab da tabbata.
Siffofin Sharh na Farko
Dangin ya kawo hari ta hanyar raguwa, sannan kuma, yayi rawar jiki tare da duka jikinsa, kamar maciji, da dogon jajaye tare da jigon fata suna baka damar kama ganima. Yankuna masu kifin sharholiya na iya hadiye ganima a cikin rabin tsayinsa.
Bugu da kari, suna haifar da matsanancin matsin lamba ta hanyar rufe shaye-shayen, kuma tsotse wadanda abin ya shafa kai tsaye a bakin.
Abubuwan da aka samo na masu cin naman macizan sun sa ba zai yiwu a gano abubuwan da ke ciki ba, wanda ke nuna ko manyan gibi tsakanin abinci ko narkewar hanzari.
Shark-mai-baki mai kaifin baki yana da fa'ida. Haihuwar mace yana kimanin shekaru 2, tare da mafi girman rikodin har zuwa shekaru 3.5, kuma bayan haihuwar 2-3 masu zaman kanta masu kama da 'yan ƙwai.
Lokaci na lokacin hailar don wannan nau'in shine mafi girma akan dukkanin tsararraki. Newan jaririn Shark na ɗaukar ciki na tsawon sa 50 cm.
A zamanin d shar a, tsofaffin kifayen teku sun yi zurfin zurfin zurfafa, suna sa tsoro a cikin mazaunan wurin. Amma a yanzu ma, manyan yan iska masu kiftawa basa barin 'yancinsu na jagoranci a cikin tekun - yana da wahala ka sami dabba mafi karfi da iko fiye da kifayen shar.
Fantastic bayyanar da d shar an shark shark:
Fantastic sami na 2013
Kwace masunta daga lardin Shandong na kasar Sin a watan Maris 2013, nan da nan ya zama abin mamaki daga duniyar kifayen cikin sabuwar shekara ta dubu: ragowar manyan ƙifayen kifayen mashin sun fada cikin raga.
Girman kashin da aka kama da kifin chimera yana da ban mamaki - mita 3.5. A baya, an yi imanin cewa tsoffin kifayen kifayen fata sun kai girman mita 2-2.5.
Zai iya yiwuwa, wannan binciken zai kawo mahimman canje-canje ga bayanan ka'idoji a kan wannan nau'in sharkin kuma zai sake tayar da batun rawar farkawa da "dodannin" tarihin duniyar ruwa, musamman ma, sharks sharrest.
Kalli bidiyon - Ragowar nau'in shark na farko
Ba tare da jiran sakamakon binciken na farko ba, an gudanar da tattaunawar kwararru gaba daya don warware matsalar - wacce ta mallaki wannan kwarangwal - kifi ne ko dabba, shin ainihin ne ko wucin gadi, da dai sauransu.
An bayyana ra'ayoyin cewa wannan kasusuwan mummunar kasusuwan wani nau'in sharkin ne da ba a san shi ba, wanda aka yanke shi da dabbobin da aka jefa shi, kuma yanzu an sake kama shi. Babban babba idan aka kwatanta shi da jikin mutum ya tura masana kimiyya zuwa ga nau'ikan halittar dodanni na karkashin ruwa, da kuma halayen wutsiya ga mai girma na sharks.
Dangane da sakamakon gwaje-gwajen, an gano cewa tsarin gill slits, tsarin kwarangwal din da kuma sifar kwanyar abun da aka kama sun sanya yiwuwar danganta shi da ragowar babbar babbar mummunar shark. Sanadin mutuwar kifayen sake har yanzu tambaya ce a bayyane.
Janairu 2015 - fitowar wani babban shark a cikin ruwan Ostireliya
A ranar 21 ga Janairu, wani lamari ya faru wanda ya wuce tunanin dabarun ilimin kimiyyar halittar zamani kuma ya sami damar “girgiza” duk hujjojinsu na kimiyya dangane da kasancewar rayuwar sharholiya.
A cikin ruwan Ostireliya - a yankin Gipsland da ke bayan gabar Victoria - masunta sun kama mummunan kifin!
Don haka, a karo na uku a cikin sabon karni, an ɗaukaka wakilin rayuwar rayuwar kifin sharhi zuwa saman tekuna, kasancewar, duk da haka, ba a musanta shi ba, amma ta asali ba shi da wani dalilin bincike mai zurfi na kimiyya ko hasashen rayuwar gaba.
Bayan banbancin yanayin da aka gano cewa an gano wata mummunar shark, angaren mahalli na abin mamaki. An kama wannan samfurin a cikin Tekun Indiya, wanda ya saɓawa ra'ayin da ke gaba daya cewa "ploskatos" ba zai wanzu a cikin ruwa mai ɗumi ba (tuna, masanan masana sun ba da shawarar wanzuwar wannan nau'in har zuwa a tekun Atlantika da tekun Pasifik).
Sharan shark ɗaya ya zama lafiyayye, wanda ke nufin cewa a lissafin masana kimiyyar game da "abubuwan da aka zaɓa" na wannan nau'in, akwai ko dai dai kuskure ko kuma rashin aiki saboda irin nau'in halittar da ba a bayyana ba.
Koyaya, a cewar wakilin Associationungiyar Australianungiyar Ma'aikata ta Ostiraliya, ba a taɓa samun irin waɗannan karnukan a wuraren ba.
Matsakaicin zurfin abin da aka ɗaga samfurin samfurin Australiya kusan mita 700, wanda yayi dace da iyakokin da aka kafa a baya na kewayon sa.
Girman dabbar da aka kama da shi kamar mitoci 2, wanda yayi daidai da matsakaicin darajar tsawon sa.
Bayanin kwararru kan wani tsohuwar shark da aka kama a Ostiraliya
Bayanin da masanin kimiyya na Jami'ar Ostireliya ya yi game da gurbataccen Shark din ya kasance:
Abu na farko kuma mafi mahimmanci a wannan yanayin shine, hakika, labarin yanki. Wannan nau'in, wataƙila, ya rigaya ya sami karɓuwawar juyin halitta zuwa sauri, kuma wataƙila ma maɗaukakiyar wayewa.
A sabili da koma bayan da ake samu a dumamar duniya, ƙaurawar dabbobin ruwa iri daban-daban suna da hanyoyin "arewa", i.e. a cikin ruwan sanyi na baya na mafi yawan latitude na arewa.
Anan mun ga wata rikicewa, da farko a hankali, motsawa cikin ruwa mai ɗumi. Hasashen yana da inganci cewa a cikin babban shark, a matsayin mafi tsoffin nau'in halittu, canjin cikin gida yana da sauri fiye da sauran, i.e. Ta riga ta saba da yanayin zafi, don haka yanzu zata iya gwada jikinta kamar tana cikinsu.
A takaice dai, yana iya zama wajibi ga masassaƙi ya sake yin horarwa a cikin yanayin dumamar duniya, tunda a bayyane yake cewa daga baya hakan bazai isa ga duk masu hasashen yankunan ruwa na arewacin ba, tunda za su mamaye da manyan yankuna, kuma arthropod ɗin mutum zai iya rayuwa cikin mawuyacin yanayi na zurfin, yanayin zafi da matsin lamba.
Kimiyya ta riga ta san maganganu yayin da babban kifin shark ya sami "raunuka" daga cikin abokan kifayenn - an bayyana wannan gaskiyar ta hanyar gwanayen ma'amala tsakanin wadannan magabatan. Don haka, an kama wasu mutane ba tare da gutsutsuren wutsiya ba, wanda manyan masu cin abincin za su iya cizo.
Saboda haka, don rayuwa ta sake barkewar bala'in duniya, wannan nau'in zai sami zurfin zurfafa yanayin zafi.
A cikin yarda da wannan sigar, wanda zai iya nuna yanayin sabon abu game da babbar jellyfish, wanda aka fara a 2014-2015. kai hari kan tekun Japan.
Jellyfish, waxanda suke da “halittar gabbai” fiye da manyan masu hasashen dabbobi, wataƙila suna da zaɓin juyin halitta - don mutuwa cikin yanayin hauhawar yanayin teku, ko daidaitawa da su.
A Ostiraliya, an kama kifin shark na maza mai:
Dangane da abubuwan da aka fada a gaba, masanin kimiyyar ya ba da shawarar cewa, bin lamellar shark, jellyfish da sauran nau'in "tsinkayen" na biocenosis na duniya a cikin ruwa mai ɗumi, a nan gaba, da alama zai iya rikodin bayyanannun samfuran kananan sanannun sanannun teku, da kuma kusan sabbin nau'ikan kifi da dabbobi da ba'a iya saninsu ba. .
Tabbas, za su bayyana a matsayin manyan masu farautar "koma baya" a cikin kogin arewa, tunda barazanar lalacewa daga gare su zata kasance muhimmin matakin sakewa kan juyin halitta.
Bugu da kari, masana kimiyya zasu sake yin nazarin batutuwan da suka dace da sabbin mazauna tare da bukatun abincin wadannan nau'in, tunda, a bayyane yake, dukkan su za'a sake tsara su cikin sabbin sarkar abinci a wuraren ruwan dumi kuma, a saboda haka, samar da sabbin dabarun farauta.
A hanyar, cikakken binciken ilmin jikin mutum da abin da ke ciki na ciki na sharrin sharhol na Australiya na iya samar mana da amsoshin wadannan wasikun.
Zamu bi sabbin binciken ne a wannan zaren.
Bayyanar
Jikin sharri mai kazanta yana da tsawo sosai, wanda yake ba shi kama da na maciji na waje ko maciji. Shugaban yana da fadi sosai kuma ya taɓo. Muku taqaitaccen tare da jan hancin. Noaƙƙarfin hanci ne kunkuntar, a tsaye. Fatar jiki ya raba nono zuwa ramuka biyu - shigar da fitarwa. Idanun suna da girma, ba tare da tanƙwasa mai walƙiya ba, yana kwance a sama. Bakin yana kusa da bakin hancin. Jaws suna da tsawo kuma suna da waya, tunda suna da alaƙa da kwanyar, wanda ke ba da damar sharks su buɗe bakinsu da sauri. Babu alamun fatar jiki a sasanninta na bakin.
Dogon tsayi ya zame nau'i biyu. An rufe su da muryoyin gill, suna haifar da launuka iri-iri na fata, godiya ga wanda wannan nau'in kifayen kifayen ya samu sunan sa. A membranes na farkon abin da ya fara ratsa cikin makogwaron kuma, lokacin da aka haɗa shi, ya zama babban fatar fatar jiki. Katin yan amshi yana da sassauƙa. Yawan vertebrae shine 160-171.
Gashinan (ban da pectorals) suna cikin wutsiya. Farfin ventral ma manya ne, wanda ke kusa da fin fin. Kai tsaye sama da su shine kawai ƙarancin ƙuguwar ƙararrawa. Farfin bangaran suna da gajeru. Anal fin manyan. Fin caudal yana da tsawo, kawai ƙananan lobe, wanda ke da kusan nau'in triangular, yana haɓaka. Alkalan fuka-fukai biyu na fata tare da ciki, ya zama ya raba shi da kansa. Ba a san dalilinsu ba. Ba kamar maza ba, mace na da sashen tsakiyar jikinta da ya fi tsayi kuma kusancin ventral da ƙashinsa azanci ne. Placoid Sikeli a jikin wasu ƙananan, tare da gefen gefe. A kan caudal fin, Sikeli ya fi girma da kaifi. Hakanan, sharks na wannan nau'in suna da abin da ake kira layin na kusa dana bude.
Fiery Shark hakora
Hakora ƙanana ne, waɗanda ke a bakin maimakon ɓarawo, suna da uku ko bakin ciki da kaifi ƙirar siffa, a cikin wurare biyu tsakanin waɗanda akwai ƙananan kololuwa. Yawancin hakora (har zuwa 300). Babban muƙamuƙi ya ƙunshi daga layuka 19 zuwa 28 na hakora, ƙananan - daga 21 zuwa 29 layuka na hakora. Hakoran yanko shark ne mai dusar ƙanƙara. Motsawa tare da buɗe bakin, yanyan shakatawa suna jan hankalin su.
Yankin
Shark mai launin fata yana zaune a cikin kananan yankuna na teku, wadanda suka yaɗu cikin tekun Atlantika da Pacific. Yankin da ya fi nisa inda aka kama kifayen kifayen wannan shine arewacin tekun na Norway, kuma mafi yawan kudanci - yankin bakin tekun New Zealand.
Kasashen da ke kusa da bakin teku waɗanda ke da mummunar shark: Amurka ta Amurka (ciki har da Hawaii), Guyana, Suriname, Faransa Guiana, Venezuela, Chile, Portugal (gami da Azores), Great Britain, Norway, Ireland, Faransa, Spain, Morocco, Mauritania, Taiwan , Japan, Australia, (New South Wales) New Zealand.
Habitat
Placid sharks sune farkon masu farauta. Suna zaune a saman gangaren na cikin ƙasa da kuma a kan iyakar ƙarshen shiryayye na ƙasa. Da wuya a same su a cikin ruwayen bude. Zurfin zurfin yana da fadi sosai - daga 0 zuwa 1570 mita. Mafi yawan lokuta, ana kiyaye sharks a zurfin mita 120 zuwa 1000. Rationsaura ta tsaye (tashi daga zurfi zuwa farfajiya da baya) suna faruwa cikin duhu.
Shark-mai-baki (Chlamydoselachus anguineus)
An san cewa mafi yawan zafin jiki na ruwa don lather har zuwa + 15 ° C. Lokacin da zafin jiki na ruwa ya tashi sama da wannan alamar, kifayen ruwa suna iyo cikin ruwa mai zurfi, waɗanda suke yin sanyi. Wannan yakan faru ne daga Agusta zuwa Nuwamba. Hakanan akwai yanki mai zurfi dangane da shirye-shiryen haifuwa da girman mutum.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Hoto: Shark mai launin Baki
A karo na farko, masaniyar kimiyyar kasar Sin ta kimiyyar kimiyyar kimiyyar halittar duniya L. Doderlein, wacce ta ziyarci Japan daga shekarar 1879 zuwa 1881, ta kuma gabatar da wasu nau'ikan halittu biyu a Vienna. Amma rubutaccen rubutun nasa da ya bayyana nau'in ya ɓace. Bayanin farko da ya zo mana an samo shi daga masanin kimiyyar dabbobi ɗan Amurka S. Garman, wanda ya gano mace mai tsawon mil 1.5 tare da ita, aka kama shi a Sagami Bay. Rahoton nasa "Mallakin Shark ne" an buga shi a cikin 1884. Garman ya sanya sabon nau'in halitta a cikin al'adunsa da danginsa kuma ya ba shi suna Chlamydoselachus anguineus.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Fewan sanannan malamai sun yi imani da cewa shark-baki mai ba da fatawa wakili ne na rayayyun ƙarancin kifin-gill cartilaginous kifi, amma daga baya binciken ya nuna cewa kamanceceniyar da ke tsakanin gashin-baki da shuwagabannin da ke cikin rukunin suna wuce gona da iri da fahimta, kuma wannan shark yana da halaye da dama na tsokoki da ƙoshin tsoka waɗanda ke daure da ƙarfi. ita da dabbar sharks na zamani.
An gano burbushin kifayen kifayen a tsibirin Chatham da ke New Zealand, wanda aka yi ranakun zamanin Cretaceous da Paleogene, tare da ragowar tsuntsayen da kuma cones na cones na conver, wanda ke nuna cewa a wancan lokacin yan Shark suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa. Nazarin da ya gabata game da sauran nau'in Chlamydoselachus sun nuna cewa mutanen da ke rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai zurfi suna da manya da hakora masu ƙarfi don cinye abubuwan da ke cikin ɓarna.
Ina Shark da yake?
Hoto: Shark-farar fata a cikin ruwa
Ana samun mafi karancin Shark a wurare da yawa da ke warwatse a cikin Tekun Atlantika da Pacific. A gabashin Atlantika, tana zaune ne a arewacin Norway, da arewacin Scotland da yammacin Ireland, tare da Faransa zuwa Maroko, tare da Mauritania da Madeira. A tsakiyar yankin tsakiyar yankin tekun Atlantik, Shark an kama shi a wurare da yawa a Tsakanin Mid-Atlantic, daga Azores zuwa Rio Grande Rise a kudancin Brazil, da kuma Vavilov Ridge a Yammacin Afirka.
A yammacin tekun Atlantika, an gan ta cikin ruwan New England, Suriname da Georgia. A yammacin Pacific, kewayon yanɗar kifin shark sun mamaye kudu maso gabas kusa da New Zealand. A tsakiya da gabas na tekun Pacific, ana samunsa a Hawaii da California, Amurka da arewacin Chile. An bayyana shark-like shark da aka samu a Kudancin Afirka a matsayin jinsuna daban a shekarar 2009. Ana samun wannan kifin a kan shiryayye na waje na ciki da kan dutsen na sama da na tsakiya. Ana samo shi a zurfin ko da 1570 m, ko da yake yawanci ba ya faruwa mai zurfi sama da 1000 m daga saman teku.
A Suruga Bay, kifin ya zama ruwan dare a zurfin 50-250, ban da lokacin daga watan Agusta zuwa Nuwamba, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki na ruwa ya wuce 100 m ya wuce 16 ° C kuma sharks sun shiga cikin ruwa mai zurfi. A lokuta da dama, ana ganin wannan nau'in a farfajiya. Yankin Shark mai baƙar fata yawanci yana kusa da tushe, a cikin wuraren ƙananan yashi.
Koyaya, abincinsa ya ba da shawara cewa ya samar da manyan abubuwan ci da abinci a cikin ruwa. Wannan nau'in na iya yin tsinkaye a tsaye, gab da daddare don ciyarwa. Akwai rarrabuwa a cikin yanki girmansa da matsayin haihuwa.
Yanzu kun san inda aka samo ɗan haƙoran bakin baƙi. Bari mu ga abin da wannan platypus ke ci.
Menene abin da ake amfani da Shark?
Hoto: Sharhida na Yanki
Tabarmar da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin dunƙule mai ɗaukar nauyi yana da hannu sosai, ramukarsu na iya shimfiɗa zuwa girma dabam, yana ba ka damar hadiye kowane ganima da ba ta wuce rabin girman mutum ba. Koyaya, tsayin da nau'ikan jaws ya nuna cewa kifin sharkin ba zai iya yin cizo mai karfi ba, kamar nau'ikan kifin shark. A cikin mafi yawan mutane da aka kama, abin da ke cikin ciki ba ya nan ko kuma da wuya a iya gano su, wanda ke nuna matuƙar narkewar abinci ko kuma hutu mai tsawo tsakanin ciyarwa.
Shark-da ke dauke da kifayen da ke cin gashin kan dabbobi, da kifayen kifi, da kuma kananan kifayen kifayen. 590 g na Jafananci feline (Apristurus japonicus) an same su a cikin ɗayan wanda aka kama tsawon 1.6 m. Squids sunkai kusan kashi 60% na abincin kifin a cikin Suruga Bay, wanda ya hada bawai kawai a hankali yake motsa zurfin-squid halittu kamar su Tariioteuthis da Chiroteuthis ba, amma manyan, masu iyo kamar na Onychoteuthis, Todarodes da Sthenoteuthis.
Sharki mai cin gashin kansa ya ci:
Hanyar kamawa squids mai motsi tare da mai sauƙin iyo, laconic Shark shine batun hasashe. Wataƙila tana kama mutane da dama da suka ɓata ko kuma waɗanda suka gaji suka mutu bayan sun yi barna. Kari akan haka, tana iya kama wanda aka azabtar, ta jingina jikin kamar maciji kuma, jingina da hakarkarin da suke a bayan baya, a hanzarta kaiwa gaba.
Hakanan yana iya rufe gibba a cikin kwayan, haifar da matsanancin matsin lamba don tsotse ganima. Yawancin kananan, hakora masu hakoran sharki mai saurin wuta suna iya kama jikin mutum ko shinge na squid. Hakanan zasu iya ciyar da jirgi, suna gangarowa daga saman teku.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Shroud-kai na jan littafin
Plasma wani yanki ne mai santsi, mai laushi mai zurfi da ya dace da zama a kasan yashi. Wannan shi ne ɗayan nau'ikan kifin sharks, da ke da ƙwararrun rayuwa don zurfafa rayuwa a cikin teku. Tana da raguwar kasusuwa, ƙarancin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da babban hanta wanda ke cike da ƙarancin lipids, wanda ke ba ta damar riƙe matsayinta a cikin ruwa ba tare da ƙoƙari sosai ba.
Tsarin ta na cikin gida na iya kara azamar hankali zuwa ga mafi karancin motsi na ganima. Ana samun yawancin mutane ba tare da dubaran wutsiyoyinsu ba, wataƙila sakamakon hare-hare da wasu nau'in kifayen kifayen. Shark mai farar fata zai iya kama ganima ta hanyar karkatar da jikinsa da saurin zuwa kamar maciji. Dogon, baƙaƙen jaws ɗin yana ba ta damar hadiye duka ganima. Wannan nau'in yana da matukar tasiri: tayi daga jikin kwai-kwai ta mahaifar mahaifar mahaifar.
Wadannan sharudan teku kuma suna da hankali ga sauti ko rawar jiki daga nesa da kuma sha'awar wutar lantarki da ake fitarwa daga tsokoki na dabbobi. Bugu da kari, suna da ikon gano canje-canje a matsin ruwa. Akwai ƙananan bayanai akan rayuwar rayuwar jinsunan, tabbas matsakaicin matakin yana cikin shekaru 25.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Shark na Kifi
Takaitaccen ciki na faruwa a ciki, a cikin kwayoyin kwai ko kwayar mace. Maza sharks na maza ya kamata su kamo mace, su juya jikinta su shiga cikin karensu kuma su jagoranci maniyyin cikin rami. Masu tasowa suna karbar abinci ne musamman daga gwaiduwa, duk da haka, banbancin nauyin jariri da kwai yana nuna cewa mahaifiyar tana daɗaɗɗa abinci daga wuraren da ba a sani ba.
A cikin matan da suka balaga, akwai ƙwayoyin haihuwa biyu da na mahaifa ɗaya a hannun dama. Namijin ba shi da takamaiman lokacin kiwo, saboda lark yan ƙabilar yana zaune a cikin zurfin inda babu tasiri na yanayi. M ta hanyar canjin maza 15 maza da mata sharks. Girman zurfin dabbobi yana daga tsayi biyu zuwa goma sha biyar, matsakaici na shida. Sabuwar girman kwai yana tsayawa yayin daukar ciki, watakila saboda rashin sarari a cikin ramin jiki.
Sabbin kwai da tayi da tayi a farkon matakin ci gaba suna lullubewa a cikin kwalin kwalliyar kwalliya na bakin ciki. Lokacin da tayi tayi tsawon cm 3, gashin kansa ya nuna, dayan jos din ba su bunkasa ba, kwayayen waje sun fara bayyana kuma dukkan bakinsu sun riga sun gani. Ana zubar da ƙwayafin ƙwai lokacin da amfrayo ya kai shida cm a tsayi, kuma an cire shi daga jikin mace. A wannan lokacin, kwayar halittar jikin amfrayo suna zama cikakke.
Girman gwajin gwaiduwa ya kasance har zuwa kusan tsayin mahaifa 40 cm, bayan haka zai fara raguwa, galibi ko gaba ɗaya ya shuɗe tsawon tsayin girman 50 cm.Matsakaicin girman tayi na kimanin karfe 1.4 cm a kowane wata, kuma tsawon lokacin haila ya wuce shekaru uku da rabi, ya fi tsawon sauran hanyoyin kwanciyar hankali. Yaran da aka haife su yanada tsawon cm 40-60. Iyaye basu damu da yaransu ba bayan haihuwa.
Abokan halitta na Fiery Sharks
Hoto: Shark-farar fata a cikin ruwa
Akwai shahararrun mafarautan da ke farautar wadannan kifayen. Baya ga mutumin da ya kashe mafi yawan kifayen kifayen da aka kama da su kamar yadda aka samu, kananan kifayen kifayen fyaye da manyan kifayen da ake kashewa a kai a kai suna farautar su.
Kusa da bakin tekun, ƙananan ƙaramin sharks masu ɗaukar nauyi kusa da saman ruwa suma ke kama su daga tekun teku ko like. Tunda sun mamaye benthos, wani lokacin ana kama su yayin tafiya ƙasa ko a raga, lokacin da suke fuskantar barazanar tashi kusa da saman. Manyan kifayen kifayen kifi za a iya kama su ta hanyar kisa whales da sauran manyan kifayen kifayen.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Placenas yan asalin ƙasa ne kuma suna iya taimakawa kawar da gawawwakin lalata. Carrion ta gangara daga ruwan kogi na buɗe kuma ta tsaya a ƙasa, inda kifayen fata da sauran nau'ikan burnic suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sarrafa abubuwan gina jiki.
Waɗannan ba karnuka masu haɗari bane, amma hakoransu zasu iya karya hannun mai binciken kamun kai ko masunta da ke riƙe su. Ana kama wannan kifin a kai a Suruga Bay a cikin ƙananan tarkunan raga, da kuma a cikin tarkattaccen ruwan shara na ruwa. Masunta na Jafananci suna ɗaukar wannan a matsayin matsala, saboda yana lalata tarwatsa. Sakamakon karancin haihuwa da ci gaba da kamun kifi na kasuwanci a mazauninsa, akwai damuwa game da kasancewar sa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Menene kamannin sharkin yake
Shark mai kan baki yana da fadi, amma yana da rarrabuwar rarraba a tekun Atlantika da Pacific. Babu wani ingantaccen bayani game da adadin yawan jama'a da kuma ci gaban nau'ikan jinsin a wannan matakin. Ba a san kaɗan game da tarihin rayuwarta ba; wannan nau'in yana da ɗan jurewa sosai ga canje-canje a abubuwan da ke waje. Ana samun wannan kifin teku mai zurfin gaske kamar tarko, zurfin jirgin ruwa na teku, kamun kifin teku mai zurfi da kamun kifin teku mai zurfi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Darajar kasuwanci na yankan laconic yanada kadan. Wani lokacin suna kuskure ga macizai na teku. A matsayin kama-kama, wannan nau'in ba safai ake amfani dashi don nama ba, mafi yawan lokuta ga kifin kifi ko ma an watsar dashi.
Zurfafa zurfin kamun kifi a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, kuma akwai wata damuwa game da ci gaba da fadada, duka yanki da zurfi, zai haɓaka matakin haɗuwa da nau'in halittu. Koyaya, dangane da iyakarta da gaskiyar cewa a cikin ƙasashe da yawa inda aka kama wannan nau'in, akwai ingantaccen hani na kamun kifi da ƙuntatawa mai zurfi (alal misali, Australiya, New Zealand da Turai), an ƙidaya wannan nau'in a matsayin mafi ƙarancin haɗari.
Koyaya, da iyakancinsa da ƙwarewarsa ta cikin gida yana nufin karɓar kifayen a cikin kamun kifi ta hanyar tattara bayanai akan takamammen kamun kifayen da sa ido don kada wannan nau'in ya daidaita a nan gaba.
Mai kiyaye Shark
Hoto: Shroud-kai na jan littafin
An tsara nau'in Shark Red IUCN a matsayin wani nau'in haɗari. Ayyukan kasa da na yankuna na wanzu don rage tafsirin manyan kifayen teku wadanda tuni suka fara amfana.
A Tarayyar Turai, bisa shawarar da Majalisar Duniya ta yi don Binciken Tekun (ICES) don dakatar da kamun kifin tekun kifayen teku, Majalisar Kungiyoyin Masunta ta Tarayyar Turai (EU) ta kafa iyaka ta kare kan yawan abin da aka yarda da mafi yawan sharudda. A shekara ta 2012, Majalisar Kasuwancin Kasuwanci ta EU ta kara wasu sharks na sharri a wannan matakin kuma ta sanya TAC zuwa sifili don wadannan manyan kifayen teku.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin rabin karni da suka gabata, kamun kifi mai zurfi a cikin teku sun ƙaru zuwa zurfin 62.5 m kowace ƙarnin. Akwai wasu damuwar cewa idan har zurfin kamun kifin na ci gaba da fadadawa, ta hanyar samun wadannan nau'in na iya karuwa. Koyaya, a cikin ƙasashe da yawa inda wannan nau'in ya faru, akwai ingantaccen gudanarwa da ƙuntatawa game da kamun kifi.
Shark mai launin baki wani lokacin ana samunsu a cikin ruwa a cikin Japan. A cikin ɓarna na weasashen Turai na Yankin Kudancin Kifi da Gabas ta Tsakiya da Tsarin Teku, yawancin wuraren da ke ƙasa da 700 m na rufe don tarko, wanda ke ba da mafaka ga wannan nau'in. Idan ya kamata a sake bude wuraren ruwa mai zurfi don kamun kifi, to ya kamata a sa ido a kan matakan wannan da sauran manyan kifayen teku. Kamawa da saka idanu game da takamaiman nau'in zai taimaka wajen fahimtar tasirin bycatch akan yawan kifaye.
Cin halaye
Tunda ba a fahimci kifayen kifayen wannan nau'in ba, mutum zai iya hango yadda irin wannan kifayen kifayennnn ruwa marasa galihu ke gudanar da farautar su. A cewar daya daga cikin shawarwari, harin kifayen shark mai rauni ya raunana matattarar ko kuma rauni. A wani gefen - sun isa su hanzarta zuwa ganima, suna lanƙwasa jiki kamar maciji don kama shi. Akwai kuma zaton cewa haƙoran dusar ƙanƙara a cikin duhu suna jan ganima. Bugu da kari, kifayen kifayen wannan nau'in na iya tsotse ganima.
Halayyar
Placid sharks suna jagoranci rayuwa mai zurfi na teku. Suna fita neman abinci galibi da dare. A yanayin zafi na ruwa sama da + 15 ° C, sharks sun zama lethargic da rauni, yawanci suna mutuwa. Wadannan kifayen kifayen suna iya motsawa tare da taimakon ƙeƙusoshin, kamar kifin sharks, da kuma, jan jikin mutum, kamar macizai. Hakanan zasu iya zama marasa ƙarfi a ƙasa.
Ciki
Lokacin haihuwar yana daya daga cikin mafi tsayi a cikin kwanciyar hankali - har zuwa shekaru 3.5 (matsakaici shekaru 1-2). A farkon matakin ci gaba, qwai suna da bakin ciki, m harsashi na launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi. Cubs ba su da haɗin mahaifa tare da mace. Amfrayo 3 cm tsayi da tuni yana da tsinke kansa, ƙashin kansa da muƙamuƙi kuma za'a fito da su. A cikin ciki na santimita-centimita sha shida, kayan jikin na waje an riga sun zama cikakke. Hakanan, tare da irin wannan tsawon jikin, tayi tayi digiri mai kariya, wanda daga baya ake cire shi daga jikin mace. A cikin wata guda, cubs suna girma da misalin 1.5 cm a tsawon. Da tsayin jiki na 40 cm, tayin zai fara amfani da jakar gwaiduwa. Yankin gwaiduwa ya shuɗe kafin haihuwa.