Akwai nau'ikan Arewacin Amurka huɗu a cikin asalin. Jagoranci rayuwa ruwa. Suna ciyar da dabbobin ruwa iri iri da kifaye.
Speciesaya daga cikin jinsuna, Muhlenberg Swamp Turtle, S. muhlenbergii, an haɗa shi a cikin Jerin IUCN Red da Shafi na II na Yarjejeniyar Kasuwancin ƙasa.
Kunkuru na ruwa (asalin Clemmys) ɗayan ƙungiyoyi ne na tsakiya na dangin da aka bayyana. Yankin al'adu ya hada da Kudancin Turai, Asiya, Yammacin Afirka da Arewacin Amurka. Daga cikin nau'ikan 8, ɗaya (macen da ke Caspian) tana zaune a ƙasarmu.
Girman dutsen Caspian (Clemmys caspica) bai wuce cm 22 ba harsashi harsashai, gajere kuma mai santsi, garkuwa ta baya an haɗa shi da babban jigon ciki. A kan kafafu sune kyawawan abubuwan iyo ruwa masu iyo. Gabaɗayan launi shine ruwan zaitun a saman tare da tsarin tsinkaye na rawaya mai haske. Carawallon iska mai launin rawaya yana da launin baki. A kai, a wuya da kuma a kafafu akwai bayyanannu mai haske mai ratsi rawaya. Ido na Caspian ya bazu sosai a Yammacin Yammacin Afirka da kuma a kan yankin Iberian (talafin S. p. Leprosa), a tsibiran Tekun Aegean, a kan yankin Balkan, a Cyprus, a kudanci da yammacin Turkiyya, a Siriya (S. p. Rivulata), a cikin Gabashin Turkiya, Iran da Transcaucasia (S. p. Caspica). A cikin ƙasarmu, tana zaune a Tsakiya da Gabashin Transcaucasia, a Dagestan da kuma matsanancin kudu maso yamma na Turkmenistan.
Wannan kunkuru yana rayuwa a cikin gawarwakin ruwa daban-daban, daga canal canal da tafkuna zuwa rafuffukan gandun daji da kuma manyan biyun katako. Tana ciyar da ruwa da ruwa, amma ba ta motsa nesa da ruwa. Abinci ya ƙunshi tsire-tsire (algae, horsetail, sedge), nau'ikan kifayen da aka ci da rai kuma a cikin nau'ikan kaya, har da ƙananan crustaceans. Yayin rana, kunkuru ya jagoranci rayuwa mai aiki, abinci mai kwari da kifin rana a bakin teku. Da yamma sukan tafi kasan tafkin sai su kwana a binne. Su wintering kuma faruwa a kasan Wurin.
A cewar Farfesa. A. G. Bannikova, lokacin balaga a cikin kunkuru na Caspian yana faruwa ne a lokacin yana da shekaru 10 zuwa 11, yana da tsawon sa'o'i na 14-6 cm A cikin Maris da Afrilu, ma'aurata na faruwa, bayan wannan mata suna yin clutches uku a cikin matsakaita na 8-10 kwai a kowace kakar a kowane. Tsawon qwai yakai kimanin mm 37. A watan Satumba, kunkuru kunkuru Yawancin lokaci basa zuwa sama a wannan lokacin, amma suna warwarewa daga sassa daban-daban daga ɗakin shaƙatawa kuma kasance cikin hunturu a cikin ƙasa, abun ciki tare da kayan abinci na jakar gwaiduwa.
Sauran jinsunan kunkuru na ruwa (Clemmys nigricans da C. bealei) suna zaune a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, kuma jinsi ɗaya (C. japo-nica) suna zaune a Japan kudu da Tokyo. Sauran jinsunan wannan halittar sunada yawa a Arewacin Amurka.
Marasa ƙarfi a ɓoye (Clemmys guttata) - ƙaramin dabba har zuwa 12 cm tsayi, tare da kyakkyawan launi mai launi mai duhu, wanda aka yi wa ado da shuɗi haske mai launin shuɗi ko ruwan lemo. Tana zaune a cikin wasu wuraren ajiyar ruwa a gabas da arewa maso gabashin Amurka, suna ciyar da ƙananan ƙananan wuraren motsa jiki. A watan Yuni, mace na sanya kwanciya 3-4 qwai 3 cm.
A arewa maso gabashin Amurka da kudu maso Kanada, akwai kunkuru mafi girma (C. inscilpta), har zuwa 23 cm tsayi, tare da matsananciyar launin fata mai launin fata mai laushi da kuma huhun lemo mai haske. Ana sa wannan kunkuru a kusa da ruwa kawai a lokacin kiwo (dabbar ta hanyar canjin ruwa) kuma kafin barin lokacin hunturu. Ragowar lokacin da ta ciyar a cikin wasu wurare na daji, yawanci suna nesa da jikin ruwa.
Hanya ta rayuwa daban ita ce da kunkuru mai ruwa (C. marmorata), daga gabar tekun Pacific na Amurka da Arewacin Mexico. Rijiyoyin zama wuraren zama ne na dindindin. Sai kawai a lokacin kwan kwan kwanciya mata suna zuwa ƙasa. Shekaru da yawa, mazauna garin sun karkatar da kunar bakin kogo saboda yawan abincin da suke da shi. A cikin kasuwannin San Francisco har zuwa 20 na wannan karni, koyaushe kuna iya ganin waɗannan kunkuru. Amma daga baya, tsananin kamun kifi ya lalata yawan jinsunan, yanzu kunkuru mai duhu ya ɓace a wuraren zama.
Bayyanar
Kunkuru yana iyo yadda yakamata saboda ƙirar jikinsa da kasancewar membranes tsakanin yatsunsu.
Wutsiyar tana taimaka wa mai rarrafe ya canza alkibla yayin iyo. Tare da taimakon manyan maganganu masu kaifi, wannan karamin dabbar da ke cin abincin ta sami damar tsinkayen abin da take ci.
Habitat
Daga sunan mai rarrafe cewa Turai ita ce asalin mazauninta. Ana samunsa a arewacin Afirka da a Asiaaramar Asiya.
Wannan nau'in kunkuru mai narkewa yana zaune kusa da tabkuna da tafkuna tare da tsarkakakken ruwa da ƙasa mai laka. Tana jin girma a cikin ruwa, don haka tayi ƙoƙari kada ta yi nisa da ruwan kuma ya iyakance ga zama a kan tudu.
Rayuwa
Wani kunkuru na Turai yana huta da daddare a gindin tabkin, kuma yayin rana yana fitar da rana yana dumama kansa cikin rana. A ƙarshen kaka, maɓuɓɓugar ruwa suna ɓoye a ƙasan tafkin yayin lokacin hunturu. Da farkon zafi, a tsakiyar bazara yakan fita zuwa ƙasa ya fara rayuwa mai aiki.
Yana ciyarwa akan kwari, amphibians, katantanwa, centipedes da tsutsotsi, wanda yake nema daga ganyayyakin da suka faɗi da kuma cikin ciyawar ciyawa.
Wani lokacin yakan kama kifi a cikin ruwa, amma galibi tsofaffi, mara lafiya ko soya - waɗancan zai iya kamawa. Farauta kunkuru yana taimaka ba kawai kyakkyawan gani ba, har ma yana da kyakkyawan jin ƙanshi.
Abun kunkuru na kunkuru bashi da na'urori don cin abincin shuka. Saboda haka, lokaci-lokaci yakan kasance akan bukukuwan algae da taushi mai ciyawa waɗanda ke girma a bakin.
Abokan gaba
A cikin daji, kunkuru mai kwari yana da ƙarancin maƙiya - manyan dabbobi da kuma wasu tsuntsayen ganima. Suna yawanci a kan kunkuru kunkuru, amma wani lokacin suma suna yiwa manya barazana. Babban abin kariya ga kunkuru shine babban daskararren itacen, wanda yake dogaro shi daga magabatansu.
Babban barazanar rashin kunar mutum shine mutum. Wamwatsun kunkuru masu kare kansu saboda kare garkuwar harsashi mai mahimmanci, daga abin da ake yin kayan ado masu tsada da kayayyaki iri-iri.
An yi amfani da nama da ƙwai a dafa abinci. Da hankalin ya kusanci mutum, kunkuru ya nitse cikin kandami kuma ya ɓoye a ƙarƙashin ɓoye na murɗa. Amma babbar cutar da mutum keyi ga alummomin waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe, ke gurɓata da kuma fitar da tsarkakakkun ruwan.
Mulenberg Swamp kunkuru ya shimfiɗa.
Muhlenberg Swamp Tortoise ya mamaye wani tsarin da bai dace ba da rarrabuwar kawuna a gabashin Amurka. Akwai manyan mutane biyu: an rarraba arewa a gabashin New York, Massachusetts na yamma, kudu maso gabashin Pennsylvania, New Jersey, da arewacin Maryland da Delaware. Kudancin Kudancin (galibi suna zaune ne a kan tsaunukan da suka kai 4,000 ƙafa) suna Kudancin Virginia, a yammacin North Carolina, a gabashin Tennessee. Muhlenberg Swamp Turtle yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'in ƙarancin fama da ƙwarewar a Arewacin Amurka.
Muhlenberg Swamp Turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii)
Gidajen zama na fadama Muellerberg.
Mühlenberg Swamp Turtle wani yanki ne na ƙwararrun masani wanda ya mamaye wurare masu ƙarancin mazauna a cikin ruwa mai ƙarancin ruwa, daga matakin teku zuwa tsayin mita 1300. An samo shi a cikin boat peat, ƙananan marshes, busassun ciyawa, maɗaukakkun ƙwayar cuta tare da alder, larch da spruce. Mafi kyawun mazaunin wannan nau'in shine ƙananan rafuffuka waɗanda ke da ɗan ƙarami a buɗe tare da jinkirin ruwa mai gudana, rafuffuka tare da laka mai laushi ƙasa tare da ciyayi mai laushi tare da bankunan.
Kiwo
A cikin bazara, bayan barin rashin himma, kunkuru ya fara lokacin kiwo. Kunkuru ya shimfiɗa aƙalla 5 zuwa 10 fararen ƙwai kuma yana ɓoye su a cikin kananan dimpires a gefen tafkin, wanda yake haƙa daga kansa tare da ƙafafun sa.
Bayan haka, ta yi ta zagaye masonry na wani ɗan lokaci don sake ɓoye ta - daskararren leɓen ƙasa mai laushi wanda yake da kyau don yin ƙasa. Don a haife ɗan ,an, ana buƙatar yanayin yanayin da ya dace - wani zazzabi mai iska da kuma babban zafi.
Idan an cika waɗannan sharuɗɗa, bayan watanni 2 - 3 ƙananan kunkuru ya bayyana, game da santimita 2.5 da tsinkaye kimanin 5 grams. Tan kunkuru masu narkewa suna da harsashi mai laushi, a wannan lokacin suna da saurin kamuwa.
Tunda wannan lokacin yana faruwa a cikin fall, yawancin lokuta thean sandunan suna zama a cikin gidan hunturu a cikin hanyoyin da aka tona ƙasa, kuma a lokacin bazara sukan fita daga ɓoye kuma suka fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta.
Alamomin waje na Muwamberg.
Muhlenberg Swamp Tortoise shine ɗayan kunkuru a duniya. Tsawon harsashi ya kai 7,9 - 11.4 cm .. Haske ne mai duhu ko baƙi a launi kuma yana da launuka masu haske a kan layin vertebral da na sha'awa. A cikin kunkuru na matasa, ana iya ganin zobban a mafi yawan lokuta, amma harsunan tsofaffin samfuran ya zama santsi.
Shugaban, wuyansa, wata gabar jiki, a matsayin mai mulki, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ne da wasu launuka masu launin shuɗi da tsintsaye. Babban tabarau mai launin ja mai haske yana bayyane a baya, wani lokacin haɗewa, wucewa cikin madaidaiciyar kintinkiri akan wuya. Babban muƙamuƙi ba rauni rauni. Plastron mai launin ruwan kasa ne ko baƙi, amma galibi yana da fanken rawaya mai haske a tsakiya da gefen gwiwa. Yaro mai tsufa yana da plastron plastron da dogo mai kauri. An bambanta mace ta hanyar plastron lebur da ƙananan wutsiya na bakin ciki.
Mulenberg Swamp Turtle hali
Abun kunkuru na Muhlenberg shine farkon dabbobi masu fama da rauni, kodayake wani lokacin suna nuna ayyukan dare. A ranakun sanyi, sukan ciyarda rana cikin kogunan tafkunan ruwa akan hummocks, amma a cikin yanayi mai zafi suna ɓoyewa tsakanin ciyayi ko cikin rami da aka tono tsakanin sphagnum.
A cikin hunturu, Muhlenberg yakan zama kamar kunkuru, yana binne kansu cikin laka ko ciyayi a cikin ruwa mai ƙarancin ƙarfi ko cikin ambaliyar ruwa. Don kogarin fata, wurare iri-iri ana amfani da su inda groupsungiyoyin kunkuru suke taruwa kowace shekara. Wasu kunkuru na makiyaya yan ƙasa ne kuma suna kiyaye karamin fili kai tsaye kusa da ita tare da radius na kimanin mita 1.2.
Grouparamin ƙaramin kunkuru na buƙatar kimanin 0.1 zuwa 3.1 ha.
Abincin abinci mai narkewa na kunkuru Muellerberg.
Abun kunkuru na Muhlenberg ya zama ruwan dare, kuma suna cinye abincin da ake samu a ruwa. Suna cin ƙananan invertebrates (kwari, larvae, katantanwa, crustaceans, tsutsotsi). Kazalika tsaba, berries, kore sassan tsirrai. Dabbobin da suka mutu da ƙananan rami irin su tadpoles, frogs da larvae salamanders ana tattara su lokaci-lokaci.
Daraja ga mutum.
Tkuru na Muhlenberg mai narkewa yana lalata kwari da cutarwa. Amma mafi mahimmancin mahimmanci shine gaskiyar cewa wannan nau'in yana da daraja a matsayin sakamakon juyin halitta na musamman wanda ya kasance ainihin jigon albarkatun dabbobi. Kunkuru mai cike da kwari na Muhlenberg mai cike da rayayyun halittu, suna da ƙaranci, masu saurin kisa kuma ana fuskantar barazanar lalata su. Waɗannan kunkuru smallan ƙarami ne, kyakkyawa ne kuma masu kyan gani, waɗanda masoya dabbobi ke buƙata kuma abu ne.
Matsayin kiyayewa na fadama Muellerberg.
Twararrun kunkuru na Muhlenberg a cikin Lissafi na Red IUCN an ware su a matsayin "haɗari" da CITES Shafi na I. A halin yanzu, mazaunin kunkuru yana fuskantar canje-canje mai ɗorewa saboda ayyukan ɗan adam da kuma magudanar ciyayi. Yawan kunkuru kunyarda ke amsawa game da canje-canje a wuraren motsa jiki zuwa wuraren da ke zaune a cikin ambaliyar ruwa, galibi wadannan tituna, filayen, da kuma wuraren kiwo sun kange su. Bugu da kari, kasuwanci a cikin abubuwan rarrafe masu saurin gaske tare da keta dokokin kasa da kasa don kare nau'in ya ci gaba.
Babban farashin wannan kunkuru yana ba da gudummawa ga wadatar dabo, duk da barazanar mummunan hukunci.
Abun kunkuru na Muhlenberg yana da abokan gaba na halitta waɗanda suke lalata ƙwai da ƙananan kunkuru, a cikinsu akwai adadin mace-mace mai yawan gaske. Sizesaramin girma dabam na mutane suna ƙaruwa da yanayin yanayin rauni daga maharan. Higharannin raccoon da yawa ba na ɗamammu ba, hankaka yakan kawo cikas ga kariya ga nau'in halitta. Muhlenberg fadama turtles suna halin low fecundity, ba tsayi kwai sosai high, wajen marigayi balaga da dogon lokaci na girma. Irin waɗannan abubuwan fasalin rayuwar rayuwar kunkuru mai zurfi suna iyakance saurin maimaita lambobi. A lokaci guda, mutane manya suka fara zama a cikin mazauninsu wanda ke fuskantar tasirin ɗan adam daban-daban, wanda ke haifar da mace-mace mai yawa a cikin girma da kunkuru. Bugu da kari, warewar mazaunai na kara hadarin iyakance musayar kwayoyin halittu da abin da ya faru da giciye masu alaƙa da juna.
Matakan kariya sun haɗa da tantance mahimman wurare masu mahimmanci, kariya daga kunkuru daga masu bautar, amfani da ƙasa mai ma'ana, aiwatar da shirye-shiryen rigakafin kunamar daɓar kogin Muhlenberg cikin bauta.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.