Birdan ƙaramin ɗan ƙaramin tsuntsu tsuntsu ne (mun sanya hoto a wannan labarin), wanda ya yi tsalle tsaka da tsaka-tsaki, kamar ba ya lura da mutane. A cikin adalci, yana da kyau a faɗi cewa mutane ba sa raɗaɗin wannan jaririn tare da hakan, ta hakan ne ya ba ta damar karɓar abinci ba.
Chick Bird: bayanin, hoto
Da farko, amsa tambayar da ke damun masoya tsuntsaye da yawa. Migratory tsuntsu yawo ko a'a? Ee, wannan tsuntsu mai tawali'u mai ƙaura ne. Don lokacin hunturu, waɗannan yaran sun tashi daga wuraren da ake zaman kullun a Eurasia zuwa gandun daji na Afirka.
Bayyanar kwatankwacin kajin na tsuntsu ana iya samun sa a cikin littattafai game da al'adun gargajiyar, tunda wannan karamin tsuntsu yana da ban sha'awa ga masoyan tsuntsaye. Kuma wannan ba saboda girmanta ba, har ma don jin daɗin, waƙar waƙoƙi, da damar iya ɗaukarwa a gida.
Menene tsuntsu yake kama? Wannan karamin wakilin tsuntsayen basu wuce gram tara tara ba. Sautunan zaitun sun fi cancanta a cikin launi na jariri. Akwai launin toka a kunne, kirji, da kuma raunin idanu. A wasu nau'ikan, ana ƙara kore da launin toka a cikin waɗannan launuka.
A bayyanar, kusan abu ne mai wuya ka rarrabe tsakanin mace da namiji. Chicklet - tsuntsu mai santsi da gajeriyar wutsiya, wanda ya ƙunshi manyan fuka-fukai goma sha biyu, dogayen kafafu, beak na bakin ciki, wanda, kamar ƙafafu, ana fenti cikin launuka masu duhu. Umarshe ba a fahimta ba kuma ba bambanci: kore, rawaya, launin ruwan kasa.
Blearjin kare tsuntsu yana zaune a arewacin arewacin Asiya da wasu ƙasashen Turai da Afirka. Waƙar ta kamar wasu sauti ne, wanda finch yayi, amma ya fi shi ƙarfi da haske. Har zuwa 2006, an sanya wannan tsuntsu ga jinsin Slavkov, amma daga baya an yanke shawarar raba su cikin dangi daban - sandunan fenti. A yau, akwai nau'ikan warble 55. A Rasha, kadan fiye da goma sun zama gama gari. Ga wasu daga cikinsu:
Tare da sifofin wasu nau'ikan halittu, zamu gabatar muku da cikakkun bayanai.
Tsuntsu Chicken Wand
Wakilan wannan nau'in sun fi so su zauna a cikin gandun daji masu gauraye da Turai na Asiya, da kuma cikin yankuna na nesa. Don hunturu suna tashi zuwa Kudancin Asiya, ƙasashen Rum da Afirka ta Tsakiya.
Wannan karamin tsuntsu ne: tsawon jikinta ba ya wuce santimita sha biyu, nauyi - giram takwas. Yawan nauyin mace kadan ne. A yayin farauta, dayan waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da launin toka-shuɗi (a cikin mata da maza). Tallafin Yammacin Turai yana da hasken farin zaitun. Harshen tummy mai haske ne rawaya, damin rawaya yana fitowa akan nono da bangarorin. Abin dariya ne cewa wannan tsuntsu yana da alamun gira a cikin farin.
Vesnichka
Tsuntsu mai warbler yana da tsawon jikin sa na kusan santimita goma sha uku, matsakaicin fikafi shine santimita ashirin da biyu. Weight yana da kusan tara tara. A waje, yana da matukar kyau ainahin wani nau'in daban - inuwa, amma ya bambanta da shi ta waƙa.
A bayan wannan tsuntsu ana fentin launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi, tummy mai launin shuɗi-fari. Ciki da kirji suna rawaya, akwai ratsin rawaya mai haske a saman idanun. Vesnichka yana da mazauni a Turai, kuma yana tashi zuwa Afirka don hunturu.
Kore
Tsuntsu mai karen fure mazaunin Eurasia ne. A waje, ya yi kama sosai dajin dajin, amma ƙasa dashi. Kan kai da na baya kore ne na zaitun, kasan yana launin toka-fari. A saman idanun akwai ruwan rawaya mai duhu mai launin shuɗi. Kafafu suna launin ruwan kasa. Tsawon jikin wannan tsuntsu bai wuce santimita goma ba, shimfidar fuka-fukaf tana da santimita ashirin, kuma nauyin yana kimanin gram takwas.
Kawa
Babban dangin dangi. Wannan wang wani tsuntsu ne dake zaune a Gabashin Asiya, tsayinsa ya kai santimita 14. Gefensa yana zane a cikin launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Gefen yana madaidaiciya kuma mai kaifi, gajeru. Kafafu masu launin duhu. Wani yanki mai duhu ya ratsa idanun tsuntsu, kuma wani haske a bayyane yake samansa. Idanun sun zagaye cikin fararen fata.
Cutar baƙin ciki mai launin shuɗi-fari, nono ɗan duhu. Underunƙasan da gefuna sune cream. Wutsiyar tana ɗan zagaye.
Talovka
Tsuntsu mai fure mai launin toka-kore a baya da kai da kuma ciki mai wuta. Halin halayyar wannan nau'in shine tsinkayen kwari mai tashi tare da fitilar haske akan fuka-fukan. Tsawon tsayin jiki na talavik na iya kaiwa santimita sha uku. Wannan tsuntsu yana da mazauni a Brunei, Russia, Korea, China, Mongolia, Mexico, Central and South Asia, da kuma kasashen Scandinavia.
Ratchet
Wannan nau'in ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a yankin Turai. A lokacin hunturu, ƙaho yakan yi ƙaura zuwa ƙasashen tsakiyar Afirka. Tsawon jikin wakilan wannan nau'in yakai santimita goma sha uku, kuma fikafin zai iya kaiwa santimita ashirin da hudu. Plwaya yana launin kore a bayan baya, fararen fata a kirji tare da ɗan ƙaramin ruwan rawaya mai launin shuɗi. Waƙar wannan tsuntsun tana kama da karin waƙoƙi daban-daban na “tyu” ko “sib” tare da sautin muryoyi masu fasalin wannan nau'in.
Zarnichka
Bird-feathering-feathering ya zama ruwan dare a yankin Yankin Tsabtuwa da taiga na Turai. A ƙarshen kaka, ta ƙaura zuwa cikin dazuzzukan daji na Afirka. A cikin wannan nau'in, tsayin jikin mutum kusan santimita goma sha uku ne tare da fuka-fukan firam har zuwa santimita ashirin da huɗu.
Weight zarnichki na iya kaiwa gram goma sha uku. Umwaya yana kore a baya, da fari a kan kirji.
Habitat
Mafi yawan duka, scallops sun fi so su shirya da karkatar da firam a cikin gandun daji masu hade da dunkule na Asiya da Turai. Fiye da ɗayan mafi ƙanƙan tsuntsayen a cikin ƙasashen Bahar Rum da Afirka. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, suna shirya kusa da sharewa da gefunan daji.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Kwari - kurmi da na ruwa, da kuma larvae su sune abubuwan da aka fi so da warblers. Wadannan tsuntsayen ba su ƙi gizo-gizo ba, kwari, kuli-kuli, kuli-kuli da ƙwayoyin gwoza. A cikin bazara, waɗannan jariran suna ƙara berries zuwa abincin da aka saba: raspberries da elderberries, currants da blueberries. Chamomile ya samo abinci a rawanin bishiyoyi, a cikin bishiyoyi, a cikin iska kusa da ganye. Yana ɗaukar irin wannan adadin abincin a kowace rana, wanda shine kusan sulusin nauyinsa, kuma ƙari yayin shiri don ƙaura na kaka don samar da kitsen da ke da mahimmanci don jirgin mai tsawo.
Wadannan ƙaunatattun tsuntsayen sukan kasance a gida a gida ta masoya tsuntsaye. Kula da su cikakke ne kuma ba zai haifar da matsaloli ba har ma da masu shayar da tsuntsayen. Sai kawai a farkon sandunansu na iya nuna hali cikin nutsuwa cikin sel. A wannan yanayin, an rufe sel da nama.
Dole ne in faɗi cewa waɗannan yara da sauri suna amfani da su zuwa bauta kuma a cikin makonni biyu za a iya sake su don tashi a kusa da gidan. An baiwa Chamomiles natsuwa da kwanciyar hankali, cikin saukin rayuwa tare da sauran nau'in halittu. Amma kada ku bar maza da yawa tare waɗanda zasu iya shirya yaƙi akan mace.
Bayanin wand
Wando shine m songbirdda alaƙa da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar iyali. Wani karamin tsuntsu mai jujjuyawa yana zaune a arewacin yankin Asiya, da kuma wasu ƙasashe a Turai da Afirka. Waƙar tana da alaƙar tunawa da irin sautin da finch keyi, amma kawai amintattun abubuwa sun fi tsarkakakku, masu son kai da tsabta.
Har zuwa 2006, wannan tsuntsun an dauki shi a matsayin wakilin ɗan adam Slavkov, amma daga baya an yanke shawarar rarraba su a cikin wani keɓaɓɓen iyali - sandunan fenti. A cikin duniyar tsuntsu ta zamani akwai nau'ikan wannan nau'in tsuntsaye: kusan nau'ikan 55. Amma saboda canjin yanayin halittar su, canjin waɗannan tsuntsayen shima za'a iya canza shi akan lokaci.
Wands sunada siriri gini. A bayyanar, za a iya bambanta alamun nan:
- Gajarta ma harda wutsiya wacce take da manyan fikafiki 12.
- Dogon paws.
- Dogon bakin ciki
- Abubuwan launuka masu daddatse sune marasa ganuwa da banbanci: launin ruwan kasa, kore da rawaya.
Iri Wands
Zuwa yau, a duniya akwai nau'ikan warble 55. A Rasha akwai kusan 15 iri:
- Vesnichka.
- Tenkovka.
- Kore
- Ratchet.
- Talovka.
- Zarnichka.
- Korolkovaya.
- Kawa.
- Batun biya
- Green ba'a.
- Remix - hira.
- Wasu.
Za'a iya samun gashin fuka-fukan a Asiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Ta fi son yin sulhu a kan shinge, inda akwai launuka masu yawa. Tare da bayyanarsa, yana jan hankalin mutane. Tsawon jikinta shine santimita 11, kuma nauyi - 13 grams. Umwaya yana da launin kore - ruwan zaitun. Wani mahimmin fasali shine kasancewar raunin rawaya. Kafafuwan wannan tsuntsu suna da tsayi da bakin ciki. Waƙar a cikin mutane daban-daban na wannan nau'in suna da daɗi, suna kama da sautin karin waƙoƙi.
Wuri - inuwa yana yaduwa ba kawai a Rasha ba har ma a Turai. Irin wannan tsuntsun kuma ana kiranta ciyayi. Launin rigar tayi launin ruwan kasa, amma kafafunta baƙi ne. Tsawon jikin wannan tsuntsu ya kai santimita 14, nauyinsa kuwa shine gram 10. Tenkovka sosai agile kuma ta hannu.
Green wand ya bambanta kadan da tsuntsayen sauran gwamnatocin. Launin uman jikinsa kore ne a sama da rawaya a ƙasa. Babban bambanci shine fitilar haske akan reshen tsuntsu. Qwai na wannan tsuntsu fararen fata ne. Ta motsa da sauƙi, ta fi son zama a kan tukwicin rassan.
Yankin ya fi son zama a cikin dazuzzukan daji kuma yana nisanta daga waɗancan wuraren da mutane ke zama. Wannan tsuntsu sanannu ne karbi sunan yellowbrow. Siffar firam an fentin kore a saman, kuma kasan, fuka-fukai da wutsiya masu launin shuɗi ne, amma kullun akwai rayayyun kore.
Tsawon jikin Talovka ya kai santimita 12, kuma nauyi - 10 santimita. Samun koren kore mai ruwan kore, yana tafiya daidai gwargwadon farin launi. Abubuwa masu rarrabe sune farin kafafu da sautin m.
Dangane da girman, overgrowth ya fi girma sama da tsuntsu talakawa. Yayi awo 6 kawai. Tumbi daga sama yana da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, amma a saman idanunsa mai haske-tsiri-tsiri mai gani ne. Wasu mutane na wannan tallafin suna da irin wannan tsiri kuma a kai da kuma a kan fikafikan. Chicklet - zarnichka - ainihin tsuntsu na daji, wanda ya fi dacewa ya zauna kawai a cikin gandun daji mai yawa.
Korolkovoy scallop ta kasance a tsakanin sauran ƙananan ƙasashe tare da launuka mai haske na shuɗewa: kore-zaitun da fari, da kuma baya da wutsiya masu duhu cikin launi. Haske rawaya mai haske yana ratsa jiki baki ɗaya, fuka-fuki da kai.
Kawa wand yankuna a cikin gandun dajiWaɗanda suke girma cikin tsaunuka. Wutsiya, jikin da fuka-fukan wannan tsuntsuwar launin ruwan kasa da launin shuɗi ne. Qwai a cikin launin ruwan kasa wand na farin launi.
Tsuntsu mai ƙara-ƙaura ana ɗaukarsa tsutsayen tsuntsu ne. Ta yi ƙoƙari don ta zauna a gindin bishiyoyi da shishiyoyi, ta zaɓi wuraren da ba za a iya dakatar da su ba. Wannan tsuntsun yana da manyan siffofin, waɗanda ke bambanta shi da sauran ƙananan ƙasashe. Launin tuban yana da launuka masu yawa, wannan yana ba shi damar zama ganuwa ga duk mazaunan gandun daji.
Haske-mai buga hasken wutar ya fi son a zauna a wurare masu zafi a cikin taiga. Yawancin lokaci wanzu cikin nau'i-nau'i ko kuma kadai. Kayanta suna da tsabta fari. Maimaita launin kore - babbar biyan kuɗi na wand. Mutane daban-daban na wannan nau'in suna da hannu kuma ba za su iya tashi ba, amma suna kwance a sama, suna buɗe fikafikan su.
Waƙar remixes - hira suna kama da wani irin murɗewa. Launin rude shine fari da haske. Ya fi son yin sulhu a cikin filayenciyawa da ciyayi.
Chafts yawanci za'ai maza biyu. A dabi'ance yau akwai sama da miliyan 40 na wannan tsuntsu.
Ara aku
Sunan Latin: | Fayil |
Sunan Turanci: | Chiffchaff |
Masarauta: | Dabbobi |
Nau'i: | Chordate |
Class: | Tsuntsaye |
Kamewa: | Takardar Bayar |
Iyali: | Wand |
Kyau: | Wands |
Tsayin jiki: | 11-13 cm |
Tsawon tsawon: | 6-7 cm |
Wingspan: | 26—22 cm |
Weight: | 6-12 g |
Bayanin Bird
Fiye da 50 nau'in kananan ƙananan yara suna cikin abubuwan halittar warbler. A baya, an danganta su ga Slavkov na iyali, amma sai masana kimiyya suka raba tsuntsayen gidan daban.
Ana samun kaji a Eurasia da Afirka, kuma musamman yawan jama'a suna zaune a gabashin Asiya. Waɗannan kyawawan abubuwan murɗaɗɗun banbanci sun bambanta da warblers da dogon kafafu, gajeriyar wutsiya da baki mai bakin ciki. A cikin nau'in girbi na tsuntsaye, launin shuɗi, launin ruwan kasa da launuka masu duhu sun mamaye. Abun ciki yafi sauƙi sama da baya. Gabaɗaya, dukkan nau'ikan suna kama da juna kuma sun bambanta da ɗan ɗan lokaci. Don haka, alal misali, wasu warblers suna da raunin haske a ƙarƙashin idanun da gashin fuka-fukan a jikin fikafikan.
Siffofin Abinci
Chafers sune tsuntsayen kwari. Suna cin ƙananan gandun daji da kwari na ruwa, lardin su, gizo-gizo. Hakanan, tsuntsayen suna amfani da kwari, caterpillars da malam buɗe ido, gwoza don abinci. A cikin kaka, berries, alal misali, oldberry, rasberi, blueberry, currant, suna cikin abincinku.
Wand ya sami abinci a rawanin bishiyoyi, a cikin bishiyoyi, kusa da ciyawar cikin iska. Kwana ɗaya, yana ɗaukar kwari kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na nauyinsa, kuma kafin ƙaurawar kaka, har ma don yin kitsen mai don dogon jirgin.
A baza scum a cikin yanayi
Chamomiles ya bazu a kan sararin yankuna na Afirka da daukacin Eurasian. Mafi yawan lokuta zaku iya haɗuwa da waɗannan yara a gabashin Asiya. San daji masu ƙyalli da rashi suna zaɓar shoan gwal don rayuwa, lokaci-lokaci kawai ake dasa shuki.
Kawa
Tsawon jikin wannan karamin tsuntsu ya kai cm 11. A kumatun an yi zanen su da launin ja. A paws suna da duhu. Saman tsuntsun yana da launin toka-toka, ciki mai haske ne. An rarraba shi a cikin kasashen tsakiyar Afirka (Kongo, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda).
Baby Wand
Tsawon jikin tsuntsu shine 11 - 13 cm, kifin yana har zuwa 22 cm, nauyin kuma shine 8-1 g. Ra'ayin yana da kama da tenochka, amma ya bambanta da shi ta waƙa. A baya shi ne koren zaitun, tummy yana da launin rawaya. An bambanta tsuntsu da amai da kirji da rawaya mai launin shuɗi a saman idanun. Wadlet mazaunin Turai ne. Don hunturu kwari zuwa Afirka.
Wani irin tsuntsu ne wand kuma me yasa aka kira shi haka
Daidai ne saboda sautin da baƙon abu da wadatacciyar murya wanda tsuntsayen suka sami sunan ƙaunarsu "gashinsa", mai ma'ana da kalmar "waƙoƙi". Duk da girman girman kai da bayyanar rashin daidaituwa, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da ban sha'awa sosai ga masu sha'awar fasaha da kuma dukkanin masu son avifauna na duniyar.
Har zuwa kwanan nan, ana daukar scallops a matsayin wakilan dangi na Slavkov, wanda shine ɗayan mafi girma a cikin tsari na Passeriformes. A shekara ta 2006, masana kimiyya suka shiga cikin tsarin nazarin halittu na tsuntsaye wanda aka haɗa su a cikin rarrabuwa cikin sabon gidan warblers, wanda aka rarrabe jigo 2, ɗayansu talakawa ne ko kuma kawai warblers. Fiye da dozin biyar na halittar chaffinch sun bambanta a cikin muryar su, amma, suna yin rayuwa iri ɗaya kuma suna da halayyar ɗan adam.
Takeauki daga sandunan inuwa.
Menene tsuntsu yayi kama
Wadannan tsuntsayen suna ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarancin wakilan umarnin wucewa, matsakaicin girma na ƙuruciya mai girma shine 13 cm tare da nauyin jikinsa kusan 12 g. Smallestaramin nau'in nau'in Turai shine ƙage, wanda ya girma zuwa 9-10.5 cm a tsayi kuma yayi nauyi daga 5 har zuwa g 11. Kingleaf ya ma karami: girman tsuntsu bai wuce 9 cm ba, kuma nauyin 4 kawai yake.
Additionarin da tsuntsayen suke da tsari da kyau. Ba kamar danginsa na kusa ba, da warblers, warblers suna da ɗan wutsiya mai gajeru, gajerun fikafikai masu tsayi da ƙafa. Zurfin tsuntsayen ya ƙunshi manyan fuka-fukai 12. A cikin wasu nau'in, alal misali, a cikin ambaliya, ƙaramin daraja, ƙaramin cokali mai yatsa, a bayyane yake a kan wutsiya. A kusan dukkanin tsuntsaye, an yanke wutsiyar kai tsaye, a cikin sandar launin ruwan kasa kawai an kewaya ta.
A ban da tushen ƙari, shugaban tsuntsayen alama ya fi girma. Gashin warblers na matsakaici ne, mai kauri da kaifi.
Wani fasali na kowane yanayin damuna shine kusan babu ma'anar ƙarancin jima'i. Mutane daya-daya na mata kusan daya ne kuma an yi masu hoto iri daya. Ko da ƙananan tsuntsayen a cikin kayan farawa na farko za a iya bambanta su da tsohuwar ƙarfafan ta hanyar kwararrun masana.
Little wand a gonar.
Launin gashin gashinsa
Wadannan tsuntsayen ana zane-zanen su biyu kuma suna cike da hikima, babban launi na damshi shine launin shuɗi, launin shuɗi da launin ruwan kasa. Karamin jiki koyaushe ana saurin haske sama da na sama.
Misali, inuwa, shima ciyawa ce mai kama da wata irin launin toka mai haske a saman, launin toka mai haske ko launin shuɗi. Amma zarnichka ana iya rarrabe shi ta hanyar rawanin rawaya masu yawa: raɗaɗi biyu rawaya akan fuka-fuki, rawaya rawaya a lanƙwasa reshe, a kan cheeks da kirji.
Dukkanin scab din da ke saman idanun suna da halayyar “girare”: a cikin zarnichka suna da fadi, fiye da rawaya, da aka ayyana su da kyau. Wd-mai walƙiya mai walƙiya yana da gashin ido wanda ba a iya gani da shi, kuma ƙaramin tsiri mai duhu ya wuce karkashin gira a karkashin gira.
Bambancin launi na plumage yana da sandunan launin ruwan kasa. Su ne launin ruwan kasa mai duhu sama da datti fari a ƙasa. Idanun tsuntsaye suna kewaye da kyakkyawan zoben farin zoben. Abun ratsa guda biyu suna ratsa ido: kasan yana da baki, babba yana da fari, ya fadi.
Dangane da mazaunin maza, yawancin warblers suna nuna wasu bambance-bambancen launi. Misali, a yamma daga kewayon, inuwa suna da halayyar zaitun na gashin tsuntsu.
Chiffon tenochka.
Ina wands
Yankunan waɗannan ƙananan tsuntsayen suna da faɗi sosai, kuma ana samun sikelin ɗin a Turai, Asiya da Afirka. Tsuntsaye na sashin Turai ƙaura ne. Mazaunan ƙasashe masu zafi suna zaune, alal misali, ƙirar Laura tana rayuwa da ƙabilar Afirka kawai, a wani yanki mai nisan mil dubu 300. Asianasashen Asiya ba su da rabin hankali.
Mafi girman nau'in halittu ana lura dashi a cikin kasashen Asiya, wanda ke nuni da yanayin yanayin tsintsayen tsuntsaye. A cikin ƙasar Rasha akwai nau'ikan warblers 13 kawai, daga cikin shahararrun sune inuwa, zarnichka, dutsen dutse, tashi da talovka. Wadannan jinsunan ne galibi ana nuna su a cikin hotunan kwararru na kumfa.
Ofaya daga cikin nau'ikan da aka fi sani shine warbler. Manyan wakilai na nau'ikan suna ko'ina cikin Turai, da kuma hunturu na tsuntsaye a Afirka. Makamancin wannan gidauniyar tana cikin tashin-tashina, yankin rarrabuwan yake gudana a duk faɗin Tsakiyar Turai, kuma ana girke gidaje na hunturu a cikin yankin Afirka.
Birthasar haihuwar uman matattarar ƙwararru yanki ne mai ban sha'awa daga Urals da Kazakhstan zuwa Chukotka, Mongolia da China. A cikin hunturu, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna kwana a kudu da kudu maso gabashin Asiya. A nan kusa, karamin sarki war warr yana raye, wanda yake ci a cikin Indochina da Gabashin Turai.
Ana samun launin toka a Yammacin Turai, Siberiya, Yakutia da yankin Magadan, saboda kwari na hunturu zuwa kudu na Turai, Asiya da Afirka.
Girman ma'aunin yanayin labarin warblers yayi bayani game da riko da nau'ikan nau'ikan tsuntsaye zuwa daya ko kuma wani nau'in halittu.
Chiffon tenochka.
Chicken Wand Face Mask
Chafers yawanci tsuntsayen daji ne. Tenkovki sun fi son tsayi, gandun daji mai ƙyalƙyali tare da sharewa, ƙarancin ƙaƙƙarfan shara da ferns, raspberries. Yawan mutanen Yammacin Turai suna da hankali a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu dumbin yawa da gauraye; kusancin taiga, tsuntsaye suna son zama cikin gandun daji mai duhu. Sau da yawa ana ganin tsuntsaye a cikin tundra da daji-tundra, inda tsuntsaye suke zaune tare da bankunan kogi a cikin dasa bishiyoyi.
Ana samun faɗar faɗakarwa ta bazara fiye da yadda dangin sa suke a wurin shakatawa na gandun daji, da kuma a cikin lambuna na karkara, inda zaku iya jin gajeren sautin "fyut" da waƙoƙin ƙarewa, suna tuna muryar finch.
Zarnichka tana da sha'awar zama a cikin lambuna da wuraren shakatawa kuma wakokinta sun yi kama da na finch da kuma bazara, duk da haka, ana jin karaya ta ƙarshe a cikin wannan waƙar tsuntsaye yayin da ake kara ji karar "c-c - cit-zhzhiyi ...".
Amma sanduna masu launin ruwan kasa sune mazaunan taiga na musamman waɗanda ke da yawa akan shimfidar wurare mafi yawa na gandun daji.
Da yake ba su da nau'in synanthropic, waɗannan tsuntsayen ba su da wata damuwa kuma suna sane da masu lura sosai. Sabili da haka, ba wuya a sanya hotuna masu ban sha'awa na kumfa ba.
Kamar yawancin kananan tsuntsaye, sandunansu suna da karfi da aiki, kuma idan sun daskare a wuri, sai su karkatar da fikafikansu da kuma fikafikan fukafukansu. Kullum suna ta birgima, tsalle a kan ciyawa ta ciyawa, sa’an nan a kan rassan bishiyoyi, suna ta neman abinci don kansu ko 'ya'yansu.
Wad na gashinsa.
Menene wands suke ci
A cikin warblers na kowane nau'in, tushen abinci shine rarrafe, tashi da kwari na ruwa, larvae, da arachnids. Abinci na yau da kullun na tsuntsu ya girma kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na nauyin jikinta kuma shine yafi tashi, ƙurayen kuliyoyi, katantanwa da ƙananan ƙwaro.
Sau da yawa fuskokin fikafuka, tsuntsaye sukan sami damar rataye ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin sararin sama, suna neman yuwuwar ganima a saman ganyayyaki da ciyawa. Faruru da sauran ƙananan kwari masu kaɗa suna cin abinci a kan tashi.
A lokacin girbin nunannun 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itatuwa da berries suna bayyana a abincin tsuntsaye. Da kaka, wakilan yawan masu ƙaura suna buƙatar samun kitsen ajiya don sake samun ƙarfi bayan kiwo da tsira tsawon ƙaura.
Wand yana yiwuwa a harba, neman ganima.
Kiwon tsuntsayen warblers
A ƙarshen shekarar farko ta rayuwa, wanans suna shirye don zama iyaye. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna kirkirar ma'aurata har tsawon lokaci guda, wasu nau'in suna nuna polygyny, lokacin da namiji ɗaya ya sami kulawa don kula da mata da yawa a lokaci guda.
Waran ƙaramin warbler don gina gidan.
Wadannan tsuntsayen sun koma wuraren da suke farawa ɗaya daga cikin na farko lokacin da kumburin suke kumbura akan bishiyoyi. Maza sun isa makonni 2-3 da suka wuce na mata, suna zaune a saman bishiyoyi mafiya tsayi kuma suna mamakin duk wanda yake son sauraron magana ta musamman. Don haka, suna gayyatar mata kuma suna gargadin masu yin takara game da mallakar wannan rukunin yanar gizon. Kotuna na mace da kuke so sun ƙunshi wasan rawa na al'ada a kusa da abokin tarayya, yayin da jirgin ya tashi daga maza - warbler ya yi kama da ƙaƙƙarɗɗun maƙarin buɗe ido.
Tsarin gida shine damuwa ta mace. A cikin m ciyawar ciyawa mai tsayi, fern ko blackberry, mace ta gina ƙaramin bukka daga ciyawar bara. Wani lokacin gida yana cikin rassan daji, amma koyaushe ragu sosai a ƙasa. Tsarin tare da tsayi da diamita na kusan 12 cm yana da ƙofar gefen, kuma an yi tire da fuka-fukai.
A cikin ɗimbin nau'ikan ƙanshin, daga 2 zuwa 8 qwai, tsarkakakken fari a cikin profuse launin ruwan hoda ko jan launi Yana da ban sha'awa cewa maza da yawa daga jinsunan basa shiga cikin kyankyasar, amma suna da karfin kare yankunansu, wanda radius dinsa yakai kimanin 10 m daga gida. Amincewa a waje da lokacin kiwo, maza basa yarda da baƙi waɗanda ba a gayyatarsu ba a cikin wuraren kiwo da ƙarfin gwiwa don kai hari ga abokan gaba, ko da babbar matsala ce ko ma kuskure.
Chingyanke yana ɗaukar makwanni 2, kajin suna ƙyanƙyashe marasa taimako da tsirara, kawai a baya kuma kai akwai ɗan farin launin toka mai launin toka. Abin da ya fi ban sha'awa shi ne cewa wasu maza, alal misali, inuwa, ba sa shiga cikin ciyar da kajin, yayin da ake ci gaba da kare yankin. Kuma kawai a cikin mummunan yanayin, lokacin da kwari suka ɓoye, namiji zai taimaki mace ta ciyar da ɗan.
Blean ƙaramar warbler, mai gudu a kan fure tansy, yana neman tururuwa.
Kimanin ranar 15 ga haihuwa bayan haihuwar, kajin sun sami damar tashi, amma kar su bar yankin iyayen su zuwa wani sati 3-4. Mace ko mahaifan biyu suna ciyar da su akai-akai, a hankali suna rage adadin abincin.
Kamar yawancin youngan tsirarun matasa masu wucewa, da barin iyayensu, suna yin mixedan ƙaramar garken gauraye, a matsayin wani ɓangarensu wanda suke tashi da farko zuwa wuraren hunturu.
Zuwa yau, jimlar yawan warblers ya yi yawa kuma babu abin da ke kawo barazanar wanzuwar waɗannan tsuntsayen.
Halin muhalli da mazaunin warlarrs na tsuntsu
Kallon sandar hoto, kuma ba cikakkiyar masaniyar tsuntsaye ba, ana iya rikita shi da wata dabba. Tsawon jikinta daga kai har zuwa ponytail ya kai cm 13. Wings a cikin fikafikai mai kusan cm 18 Kuma nauyi shine gram 8-9. Launi na tsuntsu yana mamaye sautin zaitun.
A kirji, makogwaro da ratsi a idanu a cikin nau'i na kibiyoyi masu rawaya. A wasu wands, ana haɗa launin toka da kore zuwa waɗannan launuka. Ba shi yiwuwa a rarrabe mace daga namiji a bayyanar, wutsiyar tsuntsu tana da tsawon matsakaiciya, gemunsa kuma na bakin ciki ne. Kuma baki da kafafu suna duhu a launi.
Abu na musamman game da waɗannan tsuntsaye shine cewa lokacin da suka shirya tashiwa zuwa lokutan faɗa mai ɗumi, sai suka yanke jiki gabaɗaya, suka zama launin ruwan kasa, kamar samarin su, kuma bayan watanni uku ne gininsu ya fara kamannin tsuntsayen manya, tare da sautin zaitun.
Yankunan daji da ke haɗuwa da Turai da Asiya sune wurin da aka fi so daga waɗannan tsuntsayen. A can ne suke yin sheƙarsu. A lokacin hunturu suna tashi zuwa yankin Afirka da kuma ƙasashen Tekun Bahar Rum. Inasar a cikin wuraren ciyawa, kusa da gefuna da share, sun fi dacewa da son su.
Daga cikin jiga-jigan akwai alamomin da suka banbanta da juna a wata alama ko wata alama. Penochka shadowovka, alal misali, ya bambanta da sauran sauran danginsa a cikin sautin wakokinsa.
Saurari inuwar kumfa
A hoto hoto inuwa ta kumfa
Idan ka saurare su da kyau, zaka iya fahimtar cewa sun yi kama da sautin faɗuwar digo. Za a iya samun sheƙarta a wata bukkar a cikin ƙasa ko kan ƙaramin tudu. Don freckles mafi ƙaunataccen wuri da ƙaunataccen duk sasannin Turai ne.
Amma ba za ta iya yin hunturu a waɗancan wuraren ba, saboda haka tana tashi ga wannan lokacin zuwa ƙasashen da ke da ɗammacin Afirka, ba su da nisa da hamadar Sahara. Wannan tsuntsu ya fi son mafarin gandun daji, gefuna gandun daji da tsire-tsire. Thearamin kurma ba shi yake ba. An lura cewa ita ce wacce ke waƙa mafi yawan dangi.
Saurari muryar tsuntsu
Ana jin ƙararta har ma da mummunan yanayi. Maimaitawar ya hada da nau'ikan nau'ikan waƙoƙi iri iri, suna jujjuya juna. Wannan trill na asiri ne kuma na musamman.
A hoto karamin warbler ne
A sandar kwari waƙar sa ta asali, wadda ba za a gauraye ta da wani ba. Herill ɗin ya ƙunshi ƙananan adadin sauti, har zuwa wasu sun yi kama da kira, wanda yake haɓakawa da haɗuwa har ƙarshen.
Saurari muryar maƙarƙashiya
Baya ga wannan ƙuri'ar, ƙwanƙiyar ƙaƙƙarfan kwalin tana da babbar murya, tana kunshe da bayanin kula guda ɗaya “thu” da kuma sanya wasu baƙin ciki damuwa.
A cikin hoto, karar tsuntsu
Waƙa kore wd ya bambanta da kowa. Sauti na “ti-psi-psi-psi-ti-ti-psi” tare da manyan bayanai a ƙarshen suna jagorantar shaidun raira waƙoƙin farin ciki.
Saurari muryar kore
A cikin hoto wani koren kore ne
Wurin zarnichka - Wannan shine mafi karancin tsuntsu na wannan halittar. Girmanta bai wuce sarki ba. Waƙa, canza wani lokaci tare da maɗaukaki ko mara nauyi, yayi kama da waƙoƙin kaɗa hazel. Ana mamaye shi ta hanyar zartar da sakonni tare da raɗaɗin muryar “tsivi”, “sisivi”, “farar hula”.
Saurari waƙar tsagewa
A cikin hoto, kumburin zarnichka
Halin hali da salon Chopsticks
Da farko tsuntsayen yi kokarin kirkirar ma'auratan su kuma rike su. Sau da yawa waɗannan nau'ikan suna haɗuwa da wasu, suna samar da ƙananan garke. Da wuya, amma har yanzu zaka iya haɗuwa da waɗannan tsuntsayen da keɓewa mai ban sha'awa.
Bawai a ce wadannan tsuntsayen suna da hankali ba. Ba tare da tsoro sosai ba, za su iya barin kowa kusa da shi a nesa nesa. Sun fi yawancin lokacinsu neman abinci.
Suna halin haɓaka motsi da ƙarfin aiki. Deaƙƙarfan tasirinsu a cikin motsawar bishiya yana iya yin hassada. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci suna iya tashi daga kambi na itace don kama kwari. Da sauri kuma mara nauyi. Chopsticks na Murya - Wannan shi ne ainihin abin da ke jan hankalin kowa ga shi. Jin sau ɗaya, ba shi yiwuwa a manta.
A cikin hoton, kurar tsuntsaye da kajin
Don kiyaye kai gida da kyau disguised Mafi sau da yawa, tsuntsu yana ajiye shi kusa da kututture, yana neman karamin rashin damuwa a cikin ƙasa, kuma yana rufe shi da ciyawa mai bushe don aminci. A cikin kowane nau'in warblers, gida yana da sihiri mai siffar fata, tare da dukkan kamanninsa suna kama da bukka. Characterwararrun halayen ɗansu ita ce ƙofar. Tana can gefen ginin.
Da zaran farkon lokacin sanyi ya fara tashi, da yawa nau'ikan warblers sun fara tattarawa cikin wurare masu ɗumi. Suna dawowa a watan Agusta, kuma wasu suna jinkirta har zuwa Nuwamba. A lokacin matse, namiji yana fara da daɗaɗaɗɗiyar waƙa domin ya jawo hankalin macen da yake so.
A cikin hoton tsuntsun gidan tsuntsaye
An kamo kan fursuna don bauta a hankali. Da farko, tana iya yin hali mara kyau. Jefar da kewayen keji, halayyar da ba ta dace ba, za a iya rage damuwa da dan kadan idan ka rufe keji da tsuntsun tare da wani irin sutura, don haka kare tsuntsu daga duniyar waje, da alama yana barazanar hakan.
Bayan lokaci, ta saba wa mutum, ta samu nutsuwa kuma ta saba da shi. Bayan tsawon lokacin daidaitawa, zaku iya cinye shi lokaci-lokaci, ku bar shi daga cikin keji, kuma ku sami damar shimfiɗa fikafikan lokacin gudu a sarari. Bayanin wand na iya kasancewa har abada. Duk da cewa karamar tsuntsu ce, tana da ban sha'awa da asali.
Kiwo da tsawon rai
Maza suna da matukar kulawa. Su ne farkon waɗanda suka tashi zuwa inda ake farauto, nemi wurin da ya dace don mazaunin kuma suna kiyaye wannan ƙasa daga sauran tsuntsaye. Bayan an kirkiro ma'auratan, mace zata fara inganta gidajen su.
Ta yaya za a gina gidan da sauri ya dogara da yanayin yanayi. Waƙoƙin namiji a bayyane suke ji har zuwa lokacin farauta. Da zaran wannan tsari ya fara, yawan waƙar yana raguwa. A wannan lokacin, namijin yana aiki yana kiyaye takalminsa.
A farkon Mayu, mace ta sanya ƙwai. Su, a matsayinka na doka, galibi daga 4 zuwa 8. A cikin kasashen Turai, masu yin wasan zamba suna yin irin wannan masasasshen a shekara. Makonni biyu baya, kyawawan kajin an haife su, wanda bayan kwanaki 14 suka tashi daga gida. Kaji sun girma kuma suna shirye don haihuwa yayin shekara bayan haihuwa. Yawan rayuwarsu gaba daya kusan shekara 12 kenan.
Lafiyar Qasa
Yankin inuwa mai zurfi ya mamaye wurin da sauran nau'ikan jinsunan biyu biyu masu alaƙar ƙwaya - rattles da flyweeds. Ba kamar ciyawar bazara ba, wacce ta fi son ƙarin buɗewar ƙwayoyin halittu, inuwa, kamar raƙumi, yana zaune a cikin gandun daji, amma, ba kamar ɗayan na ƙarshen ba, yana faruwa a kusa da farin ciki, gibba, sharewa da sauran ƙananan wuraren buɗewa a cikin gandun daji da ke cike da ciyawa mai zurfi ko ƙasa mai zurfi.
Haraji
Har zuwa karshen karni na 18, ba a ambaci inuwa a matsayin tsuntsu mai zaman kanta ba, kuma a karkashin ƙyamar a Turai galibi sun fahimci nau'ikan halittu uku daban-daban amma na waje - a zahiri, inuwa, amai da amai da sikirin. Ofaya daga cikin malamai na farko da ya bambanta tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan uku shine firist ɗin Ingila kuma masanin kimiyar ɗalibai na ƙasa Gilbert White (1720-1793) - a cikin 1789 a cikin aikinsa "The Tarihi na Tarihi da Tarihi na Tarihi na Selborn" (Eng. The Tarihi na Gaskiya da Tarihi na Tarihi na Selborne) ya bayyana wadannan tsuntsayen dangane da halayen waka. Sunan kimiyya Sylvia collybita Ya cancanci zuwa akwatin inuwa ta ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi na Faransa Louis Viejo a cikin 1817 a cikin littafin "New Dictionary of the Tarihin Yanayi" (Fr. Nouvelle Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle).
Rod Chopsticks (Fayil), hada nau'ikan dabbobi sama da 50 na kananan gandun daji iri iri da launuka masu kama da juna (launin kore ko shuɗi mai launin shuɗi da fari mai launin shuɗi) da ƙasan bunƙasa) an bayyana shi a cikin 1826 daga masanin kimiyyar ilimin kimiya na ƙasar Jamus Heinrich Boie. Wannan dabi'ar ta dangin Slavkov ce, kodayake tun a 2006 akwai shawarwari don ware shi a cikin sabon gidan warlocks (Sankarar) Mafi kusancin dangi na tenochki, ban da tsoffin gwamnatocin, su ne mayaƙan yaƙi, rakumi, hasken wuta da kuma yaƙin na Iran.
Penochka shadowovka
Ana samun nau'in a cikin dazuzzukan daji masu dumbin yawa na Asiya da Turai, har ma a cikin yankuna na nesa. Yakan yi hunturu zuwa ƙasashen Rum, Kudancin Asia da Afirka ta Tsakiya.
Tsuntsu karami: tsayin jiki har zuwa 12 cm, nauyi 7-8 g, a cikin mata - kadan kadan. A lokacin farauta, na bayan maza da na mace mai launin shuɗi ne, mai ɗanɗano da zaitun a cikin ƙasashen yamma. Cutar tummy tana daɗaɗaɗaɗa, tare da zaren rawaya a bangarorin da kirji Lumshe idanuwa yayi tare da farin fari. A cikin kaka, launi ya bushe, tarnaƙi da nono tare da ragowar plumage. Warblers na inuwa suna da kaifi mai kaifi da duhu, kafafu masu duhu. An bambanta tsuntsu daga bishiyar bazara ta hanyar waƙa, wanda ya kunshi sauti mai ƙarancin “inuwa-tin-tien-tyun-tin-tien”.
Wand mai walƙiya mai haske
Tsawon jikin halittar ya kai 12 cm, fikafikai 18-20 cm ne.Haka jikin mutum ya tashi daga 7 zuwa 9. Gaban baya launin ruwan kasa ne, ciki yayi fari. Fuska mai ido da fari mara nauyi. Waƙar ta ƙunshi maimaita sautin “pu-ii”. Wani ƙamshin haske mai walƙiya yana zaune a yamma da kudu maso yamma na Tsakiyar Turai. Masu cin nasara a Yankin Saharan Afirka.
Dabbobi
Yankin rarraba nau'in shine yanayin yanki da taiga na Turai. A cikin hunturu, tsuntsu yayi ƙaura zuwa Afirka mai zafi. Tsawon jikin nau'in shine 11 - 13 cm, kifin ya fi girma zuwa cm 24. Girman jikin ya kai g 13. Gyaran jikin a jikin ya yi kore ne, kuma a kirjin yana da farin launin fari. Waƙar tana kama da haɗuwa da sautin “sib” ko “tyu” tare da sautin abubuwa masu nuna sauti.
Sarki Wand
Tsuntsu yana da baya da baya da kuma zafin tummy, ana iya ganin raɗaɗin rawaya a kai, da haske akan fuka-fukan. Tsawon jikin nau'in ya kai 10 cm, nauyi kusan gram 7. Tana zaune a kudanci da gabashin Siberiya, Mongolia da China. Wani nau'in ƙaura tare da hunturu a Indochina.
Zapochka-zarnichka
Habitat - Gabashin Asiya. Gashin fuka-fukan har zuwa cm 16, tsayin jikinsa ya kai 10 cm. Weight daga 4 zuwa 9. g. Harshen tummy mai launin shuɗi-fari. Gashin baki mai launin ruwan kasa ne da launi tare da tushe mai launin shuɗi. Kafafu sun yi ja.
Talovka
Umwaya yana da launin toka-toka tare da mai ciki mai wuta. Tsuntsu ya banbanta da sauran nau'ikan ta ta hanyar yawo da reshe da fitilar haske a fuka-fukansa. Tsawon jikinta ya kai cm 13. Tana sauka a Rasha, Brunei, China, Korea, Mexico, Mongolia, kasashen Scandinavia, Tsakiya da Kudancin Asia.
Namiji da mace: manyan bambance-bambance
Dimorphism na jima'i gaba ɗaya baya cikin kowane nau'in warblers. Kuma ko da matasa da manya manya na wannan tsuntsun ba su bambanta da bayanan waje. Koyaya, don bambanta nau'ikan ƙanshin suna taimaka waƙar su ta musamman.
Kula da kumfa mai sauki ne. Da farko a cikin keji tsuntsayen suna iya nuna hali cikin damuwa da damuwa, a cikin irin waɗannan lokuta an rufe keji da nama. Wadannan crumbs da sauri ana amfani da su bauta kuma cikin mako biyu zaka iya barin su tashi.
Yanayin warblers na cikin lumana ne, suna iya dacewa da sauran nau'in halittu. Amma yana da kyau kada a bar maza da yawa tare - suna iya yin jayayya akan mace.
A cikin keji kusa da wands an sanya dogayen sanda, kwano mai sha da kuma kwalin wanka. Ga 'yar wands, zaku iya gina gida, ko barin ciyawa, gansakuka da ganyayyaki waɗanda tsuntsayen kansu zasu gina gida.
A cikin ɗayan abin ɗorawa, mace na yin tururuwa har ƙarancin haske 7. Mace na kyankyashe su sati biyu, kuma ku ciyar da zuriyarsu da yawa.
A abinci, tsuntsaye ma basu da ma'ana. Suna ciyar da kwari, tsutsotsi na gari, berries da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Amma tare da kayan kwalliyar kwalliyarsu, da warriors za su faranta wa masu mallakar duk shekara.
Waƙar chiffon
Kowane nau'in warbler ana rarrabe ta ta musamman waƙa. Misali, sautin murfin tenochka yayi kama da sautin digo. Wani wawan tsegumi ya haɗu a cikin wakarsa rawar wargi da rawar murya mai raɗaɗi. Wani kore mai wutsiya yana waka da ƙarfi kuma yana haskakawa a cikin ƙasa mai tsananin haske. Waƙar zapochki-zarnichki - sautin kumburi.