Bayyanar mutum da hali. Sandan ƙaramar sandpiper girman maharbi, mai ƙarfi, tare da babba, mai zagaye, doguwar ƙaramin sauti biyu da bambancin baƙi da fari a kan kai da kirji. Wings na matsakaici tsayi, kaifi da kunkuntar, wutsiyar matsakaiciyar matsakaici, tare da yanke kusan madaidaiciya. Tsayin Jikin 18-20 cm, fuka-fuki 48-52 cm, nauyi 40-80 g.

Bayanin. Yaro mai balaguro mai launin shuɗi-baki ne a saman, fararen fata a ƙasa, amma a kan goiter akwai madaidaicin murɗa baki mai buɗewa zuwa ga wuyan wuyan kuma samar da abin wuya na baki wanda ke ɗaure fararen abun wuya a baya. Blackan faren baki mai faɗi ya mamaye kambi na kai. Frenum da tsiri a karkashin ido baki ne. Goshin yayi farare, kawai a gindi daga bakin bera mai ratsin baki. Akwai wani farin tabo mai fadi a sama da bayan ido. A bayan kambi na kai da napepe mai launin shuɗi ne. Cingaba da makogwaro fararen fata ne. Fuka-fukan tsakiyar wutsiya sune launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa, suna yin duhu zuwa ga biri, matsanancin kullun suna fari fararen fata.

Sauran gashin tsuntsayen suna da farin kololuji da baƙar fata. A cikin tsuntsaye masu tashi, sanannen farar fari yana bayyane a sarari akan reshe. Kafafu sune ruwan lemu-rawaya, yatsa uku, tsakanin yatsun tsakiya da na waje wani karamin membrane. Gefen ruwan itace mai launin shuɗi tare da saman baki, bakan gizo mai duhu launin ruwan kasa. A kusa da ido akwai kunkuntar, mai rauni sosai rawaya rawaya zobe. Mata suna da launi iri-iri har ma da na maza, amma babu zoben rawaya a kusa da ido, akwai kyawawan gashin fuka-fukai a jikin goiter, wani yanki mai duhu wanda ke gudana cikin frenulum a ƙarƙashin ido mai launin ruwan kasa, baƙar fata ba.

Tsuntsayen manya a rigunan hunturu suna da launuka, kamar a lokacin bazara, kawai a saman ɓangaren jikin ya ɗan yi duhu sosai, “ƙulla” da ƙirar duhu a kan kai mai launin shuɗi, gashin ido da goshi tare da taɓa taɓawa, ƙafafu ba su da haske sosai, tare da turanci mai launin shuɗi, baki mai duhu gabaɗaya ko tare da launin ruwan kasa maimakon ginin orange. Yarinya tsuntsaye a cikin kayan yarin suna launin shuɗi-baki a saman tare da kyan kyan itacen ocher apical rim akan kowane gashin tsuntsu, suna ƙirƙirar tsarin ƙira na peculiar. Babu tsintsiyar bakar fata a saman rawanin kai. Tsiri a bangarorin kai shine launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Wurin da ya wuce hawainiya (“ƙulla”) launin ruwan kasa, ya fi kunkuntar fiye da manya. Beak ba tare da rawaya a gindi, kafafu datti-buffy. Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye a cikin gashin tsuntsaye na farko ana fentin su kamar kananan tsuntsaye a cikin kayan yara, amma ba tare da tsarin sikelin ba.

Birdsan tsuntsayen da ke cikin rigunan maza na farko ba su da bambanci daga manya. A saman sheki mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi tare da fararen hular launin rawaya ko shuɗi. Wani baƙar fata yana farawa daga baki zuwa ido, wani maɓallin baƙi ya shimfiɗa a goshinsa zuwa kambi na kansa. Nau'in ya naɗe ta hanyar daɗaɗɗiyar baki ta kai gefen ƙarshen ido. Akwai farin abun wuya a wuyan. Ofasan jikin ta fari fari, a gefan goiter akwai wani ƙaramin tabo. Ya bambanta da ƙaramin gidan dabbobi ta hanyar tushe na ruwan lemo, kasancewar babu zoben buɗe ido mai rawaya kewaye da ido, rashi fararen fari mai bango a gaban fararen fata na fararen fata, da kuma tsuntsayen tsuntsaye masu tashi - a bayyane fararen fararen fata tare da reshe. Ya banbanta daga ruwan teku na zuik wanda ke rufe da ɗaurin "ƙulla", ƙafafun rawaya-rawaya da gindi mai tushe. Kyakkyawan bambanci shine muryar (kira). Abun da aka fi sani da ƙuƙwalwa na wucin gadi an fi bambanta shi da ƙananan shaho ta hanyar fari a reshe.

Kuri'a. Kuranda tuntuɓa a cikin fakitin - melodic monosyllabic cry "da sauri". Tare da tashin hankali - magana "bale", Lokacin da aka juya daga gida ko brood - murmushin muffled trill. A lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin namiji, namiji yakan haifar da wata kukan mai kuzari "Kuwiu-Kuwiu-Kuwiu. ».

Matsayi na Rarraba. Nau'in da ke da mazauninta na polar madauwari, tare da kewayen koguna da manyan kogunan dake ratsa wasu wurare a cikin tsauraran yanayi na Turai da Asiya. Yana zaune a gabashin Greenland da Kanad Arctic, kuma yana ƙaura zuwa yammacin Alaska. A cikin Turai ta Rasha, wani nau'in ƙaura wanda ke zaune a tsibirin na Arctic Ocean, yankin tundra da tundra dajin, wani lokacin yakan ratsa ta arewa da tsakiyar taiga (a Tekun White, a kwarin Pechora) da kuma gefen tekun teku har zuwa kudu - zuwa Baltic. A kan ƙaura za'a iya samun ko'ina cikin Turai ta Rasha. Masu cin nasara a gabar Tekun Bahar Rum na Turai, har zuwa iyakar Larabawa da Afirka, ciki har da Madagascar.

Rayuwa. Ya tashi zuwa wuraren farauta a tsakiyar dusar ƙanƙara, zuwa kudu na kewayon a ƙarshen watan Afrilu, zuwa tundra da tundra daji a ƙarshen Mayu. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, tsuntsaye sukan tashi shi kadai, maza nan da nan suka mamaye manyan yankuna daban-daban kuma suka fara yin aure. Namiji yawanci yana gudana a ƙaranƙarar ƙasa, yana tashi a cikin da'irori marasa daidaituwa, yana yin fuka-fukai masu ƙarfi da zurfi tare da fuka-fuki da tsalle daga gefe zuwa gefe, yayin da ake cigaba da rairawa. Bayan an haɗu, maza sun daina kunnawa.

Tana yin sheda a kan yashi mai cike da yashi ko raƙuman ruwa na rairayin bakin teku, kogunan ruwa da ƙwararru, a tsakanin yashi da lalatattun wurare a kan tsaunuka da tsaunin tundra, a tsaunin tudu da tsaunuka. Ya yarda da yardarsa a cikin shimfidar wurare ta hanyar karkara na karkarar ƙauyuka, cikin wuraren girke-girke, a wuraren canja gandun daji. Ga dukkan alamu, abin da ake buƙata shine kasancewar wurin kusa da bakin tekun da ke kusa da wani tafki wanda yake zama wurin ciyarwa.

Yawancin ciyawar fossa ana yin layi tare da ƙananan pebbles, in babu su - tare da yanki na ƙasa, gutsattsun sandunansu, akwai filaye ba tare da rufi ba. Clutch ya ƙunshi 4, wasu lokuta 3 qwai. Launin qwai yana da launin toka, yashi mai haske, wani lokaci tare da launin ruwan kasa, ko launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi. Watsa akan babban shimfida shine bakin ciki, duhu mai duhu ko baƙaƙen ƙananan baƙi da aibobi, mafi yawanci akan mayar da hankali ne a ƙarshen ƙarshen ƙarshe. Duk iyayen sun saka masonry daban-daban tsawon ranakun 22-24.

Idan akwai wani hadari, sai su bar gidan a gaba su gudu, idan an same shi, to a hankali “juyar” da shi, yana nuna tsuntsu da ya ji rauni ko kuma shiryawa. Kyankyasai na kyankyashe na kwanaki 1-2, iyayen biyu suna kulawa da ƙananan kajin, amma tare da manyan kajin, kawai namiji yakan kiyaye. Aikin iyaye a cikin kulawa da zuri’ar ma'aurata daban suna da bambanci. Manya sun kula da kawunansu kafin su hau ga reshe. Tsuntsayen manya sun saba barin wuraren kiwo a baya fiye da yara.

Yi ƙaura kadai, a cikin ƙaramin rukuni ko garken, tsaya a kan iyakar ƙofar da buɗe gabar ruwa na teku. Hijira ta bazata yawanci tana faruwa a watan Afrilu ko Mayu. Hijira ta kaka tana kara fadadawa kuma zata kasance daga farkon watan Yuli ko kuma farkon watan Agusta a gabar Baltic har zuwa karshen watan Satumba a yankin, kololuwar sa yana faduwa a karshen watan Agusta ko kuma farkon watan Satumba.

Yana ciyarwa a kan kwari mai gudu, gizo-gizo, a kan iyakar sassan jikin ruwa - mollusks, tsutsotsi, crustaceans, sauro sauro.

Siffar ieauki

Tsawon jikin wani taye yakan zama bai wuce 20 cm ba, kifayen ba su fi rabin mita ba, nauyi shine giram 50-60. Partangare na ɓangaren plumage na tsuntsu mai launin toka ne, launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan kasa, ɓangaren ƙananan yana fari. A kan shugaban taye ta idanunshi ya wuce wani bakar fata wanda yayi kama da abin rufe fuska ga mutane da yawa. Tushen beak da palon na taye sune ruwan lemo mai haske. A yayin jirgin, ana ganin doguwar fararen fararen fata daga ciki na reshe. A cikin hunturu, a lokacin jirgin, launin tsuntsu na iya canzawa - da baya ya zama launin ruwan kasa kuma yana smoky, beak ɗin yakan rasa launin ruwan leɓinsa, ya zama mai narkewa da bushewa. Mace a zahiri ba ta bambanta da launi da namiji, ban da launinta na “makantar” akan idanun ta. A cikin maza, wannan tsiri yana da zurfin launin toka, yayin da a cikin mace akwai ɗan ƙaramin sauƙi, launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka. Bugu da kari, maza, kamar yadda suka saba, sun fi girma fiye da matansu.

Ieulla Sake bugun

Dangantakar da ke tsakanin mace da namiji za'a iya ɗauka ta dace. Wannan babban misali ne game da yadda mahaifan biyu suka shiga harkar kiwon, ciyar da kare kajin. Tsuntsayen wannan nau'in suna da yawan aure, zaɓi choosean biyu sau ɗaya don rayuwa. Sau da yawa yakan faru cewa a lokacin hunturu ma'aurata sun rabu, tunda kowannensu yana tashi ne ta fuskoki daban-daban. Koyaya, a cikin bazara, lokacin kakar kiwo, iyaye na gaba suna haɗuwa. A matsayinka na mai mulki, mace tazo da wuri daga lokacin hunturu kuma cikin sati daya namiji zaizo. Tabbatarwa halayyar ba kawai don haɗa abubuwa ba ne, har ma a cikin shirya gida. Kasancewar ya gina gida sau ɗaya, abun wuya zai yi amfani dashi duk tsawon rayuwarsu ko har ya dace da ƙyamar 'ya' ya. Bayan haduwa ta mace da namiji, an fara wasannin daskarewa, wanda zai dauki akalla makwanni biyu - tsuntsayen suna ta kwarara “awannan lokacin.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, namiji yakan gina gida. Yana yin zurfin ƙasa mai laushi mai laushi ko kuma ya sami rami mai data kasance (galibi, wannan ƙafafun ƙafa ne daga kofato). A kasan dajin nan gaba ya yi liyi da mollusks ko bawo. Lokacin da gida yake shirye, macen ta fara kwan ƙwai - kusan ɗaya cikin kowane kwanaki 2-3. A matsakaita, ƙwai 4 a kullun. Fuskar qwai yana da launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa tare da yawan adadi. Don haka, yana da matukar wahala a lura da ƙwai a cikin pebbles ko yashi. Eggsanyan ƙwai na kusan wata ɗaya, duka iyayen suna yin wannan, lokaci-lokaci suna maye gurbin juna a gidan waya. Bayan kawunansu suka yi kyankyashe, suna buƙatar kimanin makonni uku don su yi ƙarfi da ƙarfi a kan reshe. Da zaran hakan ta faru, ma'auratan suna shirin yin jerin gwano na biyu. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, idan duk zuriya ta tsira, cukuɗu biyu galibi sun isa ga iyaye. Idan gida sun lalata tsuntsayen ganima ko 'yar tsintsiya, kuyi kunnen doki don gwagwarmayar halittar dan adam har zuwa 5 a cikin lokacin kiwo. Haka kuma, ba duka kajin suna rayuwa ba kuma suna koyon yadda za su sami nasu abincin - wannan mai yiwuwa ne ta hanyar mafi ƙarfi, mafi wayo ko mafi ƙarfi. Matsakaici, kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kajin sun zama manya kuma suna rayuwa a cikin yanayin halaye.

Yarda da Ban sha'awa

Duniyar wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan tsuntsaye suna bayyana dalla-dalla ga mutane ga mutane, kuma ɗaurin ban ban da ban to.

1. Wasu lokuta yakan faru cewa ma'aurata masu ilimi sukan fasa - idan ɗayan abokan tarayya ya mutu lokacin hunturu, da dai sauransu. Don haka, idan mace ko namiji bai dawo daga lokacin hunturu ba, abokin tarayya na biyu zai kare martabar gida kuma ba zai bar wani daga wasu tsuntsaye ya ɗauke shi ba.
2. 'Yan uwansu, kamar sauran bunnies, masu hazaka ne. Don fitar da bako wanda ba a gayyace shi daga gida ba, tsuntsu zai yi kamar yana jin rauni kuma zai fara jan hankalin abokan gaba zuwa ƙarshen mason ɗin. Amma da zaran mai farautar ya tafi nesa nesa ba kusa, to, zaren zai tashi.
3. Idan gida bai dace da amfani ba, alaƙar suna ƙoƙarin gina "sabon gida" a kusa da tsohon gidan.
4. Wani lokaci namiji zai iya gina ƙulli na karya don jawo hankalin mata - wato don gani.
5. Lokacin ɗaukar alƙawarin yana kan kimanin kwanaki 100.
6. A cikin Burtaniya, ana kiyaye abin wuya kamar ɗayan theyan tsuntsayen masu ban mamaki da ban mamaki waɗanda ke asarar haɓakar jama'a.

Za'a iya gane saurin da sauƙi ta hanyar muryoyin halayen da suka sha bamban da kukan ƙaramar zoo. Idan lokacin girkin ya wuce, daurin za'a yi murna da kafa kananan garkuna, gami da tsuntsayen da ke yawo a tafkunan makwabta don neman magani mai daɗi. Tabar ruwan zobe da arthropods, waɗanda za'a iya samo su a bakin tekun silty, sun zama kyawawan kayan masarufi.

Idan muka kara koyan yadda rayuwar tsuntsaye suke, to zamu iya zama da banbancin rayuwarsu da dabi'un su. Abin mamaki, kowane motsi, kowane kuka da gudu na ɗaure wani aiki ne mai ma'ana wanda tsuntsu yakeyi saboda dalili. A yau, mazaunin abin da aka ɗaure yana watsuwa, yawan jama'a yana raguwa. Kuma kawai a hannunmu don ceton tsuntsayen ban mamaki ga tsararraki masu zuwa.