Irin wannan sanannun kifin kamar tench ya saba da mutane da yawa. Tench - wani nau'in m, mai santsi, wanda ba shi da sauƙi a riƙe a hannunka, amma masunta suna da matukar farin ciki idan aka zo da ƙugiyarsu, saboda naman ƙyallen nama ba kawai kayan abinci bane, har ma da matukar daɗi. Kusan kowa ya san bayyanar tench, amma mutane kima ne suka yi tunanin rayuwarta. Bari muyi kokarin fahimtar halayensa na kamun kifi wanda ke nuna halaye da dabi'unsa, da kuma gano inda yake fifitawa da kwanciyar hankali.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Tench nau'in nau'in kifi ne mai launin shuɗi wanda ke cikin dangin cyprinid da kuma umarnin cyprinids. Shine wakili daya tilo na asalin halitta iri ɗaya (Tinca). Daga sunan kifin kifi ya bayyana sarai cewa irin kifi shine mafi kusancin dangi na tench, kodayake ba zaku iya fadawa nan da nan ba, saboda babu kamannin farko. Sikeli na microscopic, wanda ke da launin zinare-zaitun da kuma gamsai mai narkewa, yana lullube shi - waɗannan sune manyan sifofi na layin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A kan layin da aka samo daga ruwa, gamsai ya bushe da sauri kuma ya fara fadowa gaba ɗayansu, da alama kifin yana motsawa, yana zubar da fata. Dayawa sun yi imani da cewa saboda hakan ta sanya mata suna.
Akwai wani zato game da sunan kifin wanda ke nuna yanayin rayuwarsa. Kifin ba shi da kama da rashin aiki, saboda haka mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa sunansa yana da alaƙa da kalmar "lalaci", wanda daga baya ya sami irin wannan sabon sauti kamar "tench".
Janar bayani
Lin shine kawai memba na halittar Tinca. Yana da zafi da kwazo. Tench yana girma a hankali a hankali kuma mafi yawan lokuta yana manne a kasan. Mahalli shi ne yankin bakin teku. Tench ba wai kawai suna ba ne, halaye ne, saboda an sa wannan kifin saboda suna da ikon canza launi idan aka fallasa su iska. Kamar dai mirgine, gamsai rufe shi zai fara duhu, kuma duhu duhu ya bayyana akan jikin. Bayan wani lokaci, wannan gamsai exfoliates, kuma a wannan wuri rawaya aibobi suka bayyana. Ya kamata a lura cewa a cikin duniyar akwai kuma wasu nau'ikan da aka samo asali - gwal na zinariya.
Tench kifi ne na ruwa, sabili da haka ana samunsa a cikin tabkuna, tafkuna, Wuraren ruwa. Ana iya samunsa a cikin koguna, amma da wuya. Lin ya fi son ɓoye a cikin algae kuma yana ƙaunar manyan tafkunan, saboda a can ya fi jin daɗi. Wadannan wurare suna da sha'awar zuwa yanki mai kyau ta girke-girke, magudanun ruwa da ganyayyaki. Ya fi son wuraren da hanya mai sauƙi. Yana haduwa sosai cikin ruwa mai ƙarancin oxygen. Tench ya sami damar rayuwa har a wuraren da wasu kifayen suka mutu nan da nan.
Yana da jiki mai kauri, dogaye da elongated Sikeli jikin mutum wanda yake zaune a cikin fata yana 'yantar gamsai. Tenan wasan yana da fa'ida mai fa'ida kuma ƙarami ce ta baki, a cikin sasanninta akwai gajeren eriya. Eyes ƙanƙane ne, bakin wata shudi mai kauri. Duk ƙeƙasun an zagaye su, kuma akwai ɗan ƙarami a cikin fin caudal. Ba shi da takamaiman launi, tunda ya dogara da rafin da kifin yake zaune. Yawancin mutane suna da kullun duhu tare da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, kuma bangarorin suna haske wani lokacin launin rawaya. Theasusantansu duka launin toka ne daban-daban, amma ƙasan ashin da ventral na shuɗi ne. Don bambance maza daga mace abu ne mai sauqi, tunda na farkon suna da farin haske na biyu na ƙonewar ventral.
Mafi yawan lokuta, nauyin mutum shine kawai 600 g, amma wasu lokuta samfurori suna kaiwa 50 cm, tare da nauyin kimanin 2-3 kilogiram, ya ƙetare. Shekaru 18 kenan.
Abincin da ke cikin tench yana da bambanci sosai, ya ƙunshi larvae na kwari, tsutsotsi, mollus, tsire-tsire masu ruwa da detritus.
Yadda ake zaba
Ya kamata a kusantar da zaɓin Tench tare da alhakin na musamman, saboda jin daɗinku ya dogara da wannan. Maganin farko shine siyan sabo kifi. Yanzu abu ne mai yiwuwa, tunda ana sayar da wannan kifin a cikin ɗakunan ruwa. Idan ka saya daga kantin, to, a hankali ka bincika abubuwan da ake magana a kansu, domin sune manyan alamar sabo. To, kuɓuta, kuma kar ku ɗauki kalmar mai siyarwa don ita. Kifi mai ƙanshi baya jin warin kifi, ƙanshin sabo yana fitowa daga gare shi. Idanun idanu su kasance a sarari kuma a bayyane su. Duk wata karkacewa alama ce ta rashin inganci. Latsa kifi, sauran fossa alama ce bayyanannun isasshen sabo. Fresh nama kifi ne mai yawa, da sauri dawo da resilient. Idan ka sayi yanki goma, amma idan ka dawo gida ka fara yankan shi, sai ka ga kasusuwa suna bayan naman, ka dauko su ko jefa shi cikin tukunyar, tabbas ba za ka ci irin wannan kifin ba.
Yadda ake adanawa
Kwana uku kacal za'a iya adanar sabo tench. Koma yaya, kar ka manta ka manna shi, ka goge sosai ka goge shi bushe. Bayan sa, zaku iya lullube shi da farin takarda, wanda a baya aka zana shi tare da tsaftataccen ruwan gishiri. Bayan haka zaku iya sake rufe shi da adon napkin mai tsabta.
Za a iya adana kifin da aka dafa a cikin firiji na wani lokaci mai tsayi, a zazzabi wanda bai wuce 5 ° C ba.
Tunanin Al'adu
A cikin Hungary, ana kiran tench "kifi na gypsy", wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ba ta da mashahuri a can kwata-kwata.
Ya kamata a lura cewa an kuma sanya kaddarorin warkarwa zuwa layin. Ya kasance a cikin tsararraki na Tsakiya kuma a wannan lokacin sun yi imani cewa idan aka yanke wannan kifin a rabi kuma ya saka rauni, to azabar za ta shuɗe, zafi zai ragu. Mutane sun yi imani da cewa tench har ma sauqaqa jaundice. An yi imani cewa yana da tasiri mai kyau ba kawai ga mutane ba, har ma a kan sauran kifayen. Marasa lafiya dangi kawai suna buƙatar shafa a kan tench kuma komai zai wuce.
Da amfani da kuma warkarwa Properties
Lin yana ɗaya daga cikin fewan kayayyakin da suke ɗauke da ingantaccen furotin, wanda ya ƙunshi mahimmancin amino acid. Likitoci suna ba da shawarar cin tench ga mutanen da ke korafin rashin aikin ciki, ko matsaloli tare da glandar thyroid. Masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa idan ka tsara amfani da dafa abinci akan wuta ko kuma gasa mai, yana da amfani mai amfani ga jiki baki ɗaya. Yawancin tench yana shafar aikin zuciya, watau, yana hana faruwar farjithmias.
A dafa abinci
Ya kamata a lura cewa tench bai dace da abinci ba a lokacin hutu. Mafi kyawun ingancin ɗanɗano shine kifayen da aka kama a ƙarshen Afrilu ko farkon Mayu. Wannan nau'in ya fi son zama a cikin marshy ko ruwa mai musty, don haka naman yaji ƙanshin ƙira da silt. Amma ana iya gyara wannan sauƙin ta hanyar tafiyar da layin rayuwa har yanzu a cikin wanka na ruwa, ko kuma ajiye shi cikin ruwan sha awa 12.
Lin ya dace da jita-jita iri-iri. Ana iya tafasa, soyayyen, gasa, gyada, stewed, marinated, dafa shi a kirim mai tsami ko giya. Ya kamata a lura cewa yana yin kyawawan nama.
An shirya tufan da kyau daidai da ɗanɗano tare da naman kaza, har ma fatarta tana kama da fatawar tsuntsayen da ke jin daɗi.
Launi da girma
Launi na baya na tench duhu, kusan baki, wani lokacin duhu kore. Bangarorin suna launin kore tare da canzawa zuwa launi na zaitun kuma tare da sha'awar launin zinare, ciki yana da launin shuɗi. Tench kifi - ma'ab ofcin ƙarancin ƙyallen.
Yankin tench mai zama a cikin tafkuna masu cike da cike ko cike da yalwar ƙasa tare da lafuffan ƙasa mai laushi yana da launin baƙi. Kifayen da suke rayuwa a cikin manyan tafkuna da koguna koyaushe suna haske cikin launi, launi zaitun na tench ya samu ta hanyar rayuwa a cikin wuraren rami tare da yashi mai ƙasa.
Wannan babban kifi ne, tsayinsa na iya kaiwa har zuwa 70 cm, kuma adadin sa na iya kaiwa kilo 7.5, amma yawanci ana samun ƙananan samfurori masu nauyin kilogram 2-3.
Shahararrun nau'ikan
Akwai alamomin da yawa na nau'ikan jikin ruwa wanda yake rayuwa a ciki.
- Tsarin kogin ya bambanta da takwunn tafkin a cikin hadaddun maɓallin. Bakinsa ya ɗan ɗaga kai. Yawancin lokaci yana zaune ne a cikin ruwa na baya da na biyun.
- Tabkin tabkin shine mafi girma a girma tare da jiki mai iko. Ya fi son manyan tafkuna, wuraren ajiye ruwa a rayuwa.
- Pond tench ne kadan kasa da lake a girma. Ya ji daɗin girma a cikin kananan tafkuna na halitta da kuma a cikin tafkunan da keɓaɓɓu.
- Akwai kuma nau'ikan kifayen kayan ado, wanda ake kira layin gwal, sakamakon zaɓin mutum ne. Ya bambanta da layin da aka saba da launi na zinare na jiki, idanuwanta suna da launi mai duhu, a gefenta akwai duhu aibobi.
A ina ne kifayen nama suke zaune?
A Rasha, ana samun tench a duk ɓangaren Turai sannan kuma a ɓangare akan yankin Asiya. Kifi yana thermophilic, saboda haka fifikon sa ga kwandunan Azov, Caspian, Black and Baltic Seas. Wurin zama ya keɓe zuwa ɗakunan Ural da Lake Baikal. Wasu lokuta ana samun tench a cikin Ob, Hangar da Yenisei. Ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin Turai, a cikin yankin latina mai yanayin yanayi.
Wuraren da aka fi so don rayuwar tench sune tafkuna masu tsafta tare da ruwa mai tsafta cikin yanayi mai kyau da dumama. Sabili da haka, tafkuna, wuraren biya, wuraren ajiye ruwa, tafkunan, tashoshi tare da wani haske na yanzu sune mafi dacewa da wuraren ajiye kifayen. Tabbas Tench yana hana bristles da ruwan sanyi.
Kifi na Tench yana da girma a wurare da ke cike da tsiro na ruwa kamar reeds ko reeds, a cikin snags da algae, a cikin tafkunan-ruwa mai zafi da raƙuman ruwa, inda ƙarshen silted yake. Yawancin lokaci yakan kasance a cikin zurfin kusa da tsire-tsire, babban rami, inda akwai ainihin lokacin ciyayi na ciyayi.
Rayuwa mai rauni a cikin laka ko maɓalli, inda ya sami abinci don kansa, al'ada ce ga tench. Wannan kifin yana ciyar da rayuwarsa gabaɗaya a cikin wuraren da aka fi so, baya ƙaura ko'ina. Yana jagorantar kaɗaita da auna rayuwa a cikin zurfin ruwa.
A cikin hunturu, tench ya ta'allaka ne a ƙarƙashin tafki, yana binne kansa cikin laka ko laka. A can ya faɗa cikin zurfin lambobi har zuwa farkon bazara. Kifi yana farkawa a cikin Maris, kuma mafi sau da yawa a watan Afrilu, lokacin da kandami ya fara 'yantar da kankara daga kankara. A wannan lokacin, tench farawa mai tsananin zhor har zuwa spawning.
Abin da ke cin tench
Tushen abinci mai kyau na tench shine ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin ɓoye. Amma gabaɗaya, abincinsa ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa:
- baƙi
- rotifers
- bugun jini,
- cyclops
- crustaceans
- mollus
- kwari
- lardin larvae, caddis kwari,
- Leech
- kwari,
- masu iyo
- kifi soya,
- jawannajton,
- duckweed,
- harbe na tsire-tsire na ruwa
- tsiren ruwan teku.
Baya ga abincin dabbobi, kifin manya har ila yau sun haɗa da tsire-tsire na ruwa a cikin abincinsu - harbe na Reed, sedge, cattail da algae. Yawanci, tench ya fita da sassafe ko da yamma. A cikin hasken rana baya son shan abinci. A dare, kifin ba ya taɓa cin abinci, amma yana kwance a gado a cikin rami a ƙasan tafki.
Kiwo da zuriya
Takobin tanan yana farawa ne daga baya. Yawancin lokaci wannan yana faruwa ne kawai a ƙarshen Mayu, lokacin da ruwan yayi sama zuwa digiri 17-20. Kifi ya kai ga balaga ba shekaru 3 ko 4. Lines ya ɓata na tsawon watanni biyu, har Yuli, yana tara don wannan a cikin ƙananan rukuni.
Mace sun yi rabo a cikin kashi biyu, a kowane lokaci. Wannan na faruwa a yankin gabar ruwa na tafki, inda akwai rauni a halin yanzu, amma tsarkakakken ruwa, a zurfin mita 1. Jinkirta jinkirin caviar yana haɗe zuwa rhizomes na ruwa da tsirrai na tsire-tsire.
Fishes suna da yawan gaske, mace, dogaro da shekaru, masallatai daga dubu 50 zuwa dubu 600. Layin yana da karamin caviar tare da tintin launin kore. Bayan hadi, lokacin shirkin ba ya dawwama, idan ruwan da ke cikin tafkin ya warke har zuwa zazzabi sama da digiri 20, larvae yana kyankyasar kwan a rana ta uku ko ta hudu.
Yawancin kifayen suna haɓaka a hankali, suna cin abinci daga jakar gwaiduwa. Ana ajiye soyayyen da aka bayyana a cikin ƙananan garke, sun fara shan algae da zooplankton, sannan su canza zuwa ciyarwa a saman ƙananan dabbobin. Fry tench ba yayi girma da sauri, yana kaiwa 3-4 cm a shekara .. A cikin shekara biyu, sun ninka girman su kuma daga shekaru 5 kawai suke girma zuwa 20 cm a tsawon.
Haƙiƙa masu ƙiyayya
Musamman fasalin tsiren katako, wanda jikinsa ya rufe da kalar bakin danshi, ya kubutar da shi daga kifayen da ke da hatsari da sauran talakawa abokan kifayen ruwa. Mako, ƙanshinta, a fili yana tsoratar da masu farautar kifin zaman lafiya, don haka ana kiyaye karren nama kuma baya zama ganima na mahara iri-iri.
Amma layi mai ɗaukar hankali ya lalace ta hanyar lalacewa. Tunda tench baya kare qwai akan filayen, wasu kifayen da sauran mazaunan ruwa na ruwa suna cin shi da yawa.
Babban hadarin da ke tattare da katako shine masuntan masunta ke jagorantar kama shi. Magoya bayan wannan mawuyacin kifi sun buɗe kakar a farkon bazara, da baya a watan Afrilu ko Mayu, kafin farkon lokacin tsalle-tsalle. Sannan sun fara kama wannan kifin a lokacin kaka - daga ƙarshen watan Agusta har zuwa Oktoba.
Bidiyo: Lin
A karkashin yanayin halitta, ba a rarraba tench cikin nau'ikan daban ba, amma akwai wasu nau'in halittu waɗanda mutane sun buge da kayan asali, waɗannan sune layin gwal da Kwolsdorf. Na farko kyakkyawa ne mai kyau kuma mai kama da kifin zinare, saboda haka galibi ana zaune cikin akwatunan na ado. Abu na biyu daidai yake da layin da aka saba, amma yana girma da sauri sosai kuma yana da mahimmancin girma (ana ɗaukar kifi kilogram ɗaya da rabi).
Dangane da layin yau da kullun da aka kirkira ta yanayin kanta, Hakanan zai iya kaiwa ga girma girma, yana kaiwa tsawon 70 cm kuma nauyin jikinsa ya kai kilo 7.5. Irin waɗannan samfuran ba su zama gama gari ba, saboda haka, matsakaicin tsayin jikin kifin ya bambanta daga 20 zuwa 40 cm. A cikin ƙasarmu, masunta galibi suna kama layin da zai yi awo daga gram 150 zuwa 700.
Wadansu suna karkatar da layin dangi zuwa wuraren rafukan inda suke zama, suna nunawa:
- Layin tafkin, wanda ake ganin ya fi girma kuma mafi ƙarfi, yana ƙaunar manyan layuka da wuraren ramuka,
- layin kogi, wanda ya bambanta da na farko a ƙarami masu girma, bakin kifayen ana tashi zuwa sama, yana zaune a layin kogi da gadoji,
- wani kandami kandami, wanda kuma karami ne mai layin tafki kuma ya cika zama biyu na jikin ruwa na tsaye da tafkunan wucin gadi,
- dwarf tench, daidaitawa a cikin wuraren ajiya, saboda wanda girman sa bai wuce santimita sha biyu ba tsawonsa, amma ya fi na kowa.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Ginin tench yana da ƙarfi kwarai da gaske, jikinsa yana da ƙarfi kuma yana ɗan matsa shi gefe. Fatar jikin ta tayi kyau sosai kuma an lullube ta da wannan karamin sikeli wanda ya zama kamar fata mai rarrabawa. Launin fata yana da kamar launin kore ko zaitun, amma an ƙirƙiri wannan jin saboda farin ciki na ƙyalƙyallen. Idan ka tsabtace shi, zaka iya ganin sautin launin shuɗi tare da inuwa daban-daban suna ta rinjaye. Ya danganta da mazauninsu, launi na tench na iya bambanta daga haske mai launin shuɗi tare da wasu kore zuwa kusan baki. Inda kasan yashi ne kuma launin kifin ya dace dashi, haske ne, kuma a jikin ruwa inda yashafi da peat, tench yana da launi mai duhu, duk wannan yana taimaka masa ya rikita kansa.
Tench yana da laushi saboda dalili, gamsai shine kariya ta halitta, wanda ke tseratarwa daga maharba waɗanda ba sa son kifin mai ƙiba. Kasancewar gamsai yana taimakawa wajan hana yunwar iskar oxygen lokacin zafi bazai iya jurewa ba, lokacin da ruwa yayi dumu dumu da iskar oxygen a ciki ya zama bai isa ba. Bugu da kari, gamsai yana warkar da kaddarorin, tasirin sa yana kama da aikin rigakafi, don haka layin da wuya yayi rashin lafiya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: An lura cewa wasu nau'in kifaye suna iyo zuwa layin, kamar likitoci idan sun kamu da rashin lafiya. Sunzo kusa da layin kuma zasu fara shafawa akan bangarorinta masu narkewa. Misali, pikes mara lafiya suna yin wannan, a irin wannan lokacin ba su ma yi tunanin abun ciye-ciye tare da tench.
Gashin kifaye suna da gajarta siffa, duba kadan kauri kuma launinsu sunfi duhu fiye da yadda ake ɗaukar layin duka, a cikin wasu mutane kusan baki ɗaya ne. Babu hutu a kan caudal fin, don haka ya kusan kai tsaye. Shugaban kifin bai bambanta da girma dabam. Ana iya kiran linzamin linzami mai kauri, bakinsa ya fi sauƙi kamar launin dukkan sikeli.An shirya hakoran kifin Pharyngeal a jere kuma suna da iyakar ƙarshen. Thickaramin ƙaƙƙarfan eriya mai ƙarfi yana ƙarfafa ba kawai ƙarfin ta ba, har ma da haɗin dangi tare da kifin. Idon tench yana da launin shuɗi, suna ƙanana da zurfi. Ana iya bambance maza cikin sauƙi daga mace, kamar yadda suna da ƙanana da firam ventral ƙashi. Arin maza suna ƙasa da mace, saboda girma hankali.
A ina yake zaune?
Hoto: Tench a cikin ruwa
A cikin yankin ƙasarmu, an yi rijistar tench a duk ɓangaren Turai, saboda an sami rabin shiga cikin sararin Asiya.
Shi mai zafi ne, saboda haka yana ƙaunar daɓar tekuna masu zuwa:
Yankin sa ya mamaye sararin samaniya daga jikin ruwan Urals zuwa Lake Baikal. Da wuya, amma ana iya saduwa da tench a cikin koguna kamar su Angara, Yenisei da Ob. Kifi zauna Turai da Asiya latitude, inda akwai yanayi mai yanayi. Da farko, tench yana da sha'awar tsayayyun tsarin ruwa a yankuna tare da yanayin dumama.
A irin waɗannan wuraren shi mai zama ne na dindindin:
- bays
- Wuraren ruwa
- tafkunan ruwa
- tabkuna
- ducts tare da rauni a hanya.
Lin yayi ƙoƙarin kauce wa wuraren ruwa tare da ruwan sanyi da raunin hanzari, don haka ba za ku iya haɗuwa da shi ba a cikin kogunan dutsen mai cike da iska. Akai-akai da yardar rai, layin da ciyayi da ganyayyaki suke girma, snags snarl ya sauka a ƙasa mai laushi, daɗaɗɗun bacci masu natsuwa da hasken rana, sun cika da nau'ikan alkama. Mafi sau da yawa, kifin yana yin zurfin zurfin dutsen, yana kusa da bankunan m.
Yawan laka na tench yana ɗayan kyawawan yanayi, saboda a ciki ne ya sami abincinsa. Wannan mustachioed an dauke shi zaman lafiya, yana rayuwa duk rayuwarsa a yankin da yake so. Lin ya fi son kasancewa cikin nishaɗi da zaman kansa a cikin zurfin laka.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Rashin isashshen oxygen, ruwan gishiri da karuwar acid ba su da ban tsoro ga tench; saboda haka, yana iya sauƙin daidaitawa da gawarwakin ruwa kuma ya zauna a cikin tafkunan ambaliyar ruwa, inda ruwan gishiri ya sami dama.
Yanzu kun san inda aka samo kifayen Tench. Bari mu bincika yadda za a ciyar da shi.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Gwanin zinari
Lin, ba kamar dangin kifin kifi ba, ana san shi da jinkiri, jinkiri, da kuma nishaɗi. Lin yana da hankali sosai, yana jin kunya, don haka yana iya zama da wahala a kama shi. Yin riko da ƙugiya, duk rayuwarsa ta canza: yana fara nuna rashin ƙarfi, wadatar dukiya, jefa ƙarfinsa gaba ɗaya cikin ƙarfin juriya kuma zai iya rushewa da sauƙi (musamman mahimmin nauyi). Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda lokacin da kake son rayuwa, har yanzu baza a rufe ka ba.
Fuska, kamar tawadar Allah, tana daukar hasken rana mai tsananin haske, baya son fita, yana tsare kansa a tsare, inuwa, matsananciyar ruwa. Mutane masu balaga sun gwammace su zauna su kaɗai, amma ƙananan dabbobi sukan haɗo cikin garken adadi daga 5 zuwa 15 kifi. Hakanan yana neman abinci don tench a yamma.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Duk da gaskiyar cewa tench ɗin ba shi da aiki kuma ba shi da aiki, yana sanya ƙaura daga ƙawance kusan kowace rana, yana motsawa daga yankin bakin teku zuwa zurfin, sannan kuma ya koma bakin tekun. A lokacin shakatarwa, yana iya nemo sabon wuri don tsallakewa.
A ƙarshen kaka, layin ya shiga ɓoye kuma ya faɗi cikin ɓarkewa ko ɓoyewa, wanda ya ƙare da isowar ranakun bazara, lokacin da ɓangaren ruwan zai fara ɗumi har zuwa digiri huɗu tare da ƙara alama. Ahankali, layin yayi rusa kusa da bakin tekun, yalwatacce yayi yawa tare da ciyayi mai yawan ruwa, wanda suka fara karfafawa bayan dogon lokacin abincin. An lura cewa cikin tsananin zafi kifi ya zama mara nauyi kuma yayi ƙoƙari ya zauna kusa da inda yake mai sanyaya. Lokacin da kaka ke gabatowa kuma ruwan ya fara sanyi dan kadan, tench yana aiki sosai.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Buɗewar Lines
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, layin manya na rayuwar gama gari, sun gwammace wanzuwar cikin duhu. Samari ne kawai marasa ilimi suka samar da ƙaramin garke. Kada ka manta cewa tench ne thermophilic, saboda haka shi spawns kawai kusa da ƙarshen Mayu. Lokacin da ruwan ya zama da kyau dumama (daga digiri 17 zuwa 20). Lines masu balaga na jima'i suna kusanci da shekaru uku ko hudu lokacin da suka yi nauyi daga gram 200 zuwa 400.
Don filayen da suke cikewa, kifayen suna zabi wurare masu zurfin da suka cika yawa tare da kowane nau'in tsire-tsire kuma iska tana hurawa kadan. Tsarin tsallakewar ya gudana a matakai da yawa, tsakani tsakanin wanda zai iya kaiwa har zuwa makwanni biyu. Ana sanya ƙwai a cikin m, galibi a tsakanin zurfin mita, suna manne wa rassan bishiyun da aka saukar da su cikin ruwa da tsire-tsire iri-iri.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lines suna da haihuwa sosai, mace ɗaya zata iya samar da kwayayen dubu 20 zuwa 600, tsawon lokacin shiryawa wanda ya bambanta daga awanni 70 zuwa 75 kawai.
Qwai na tench ba su da girma sosai kuma suna da halayyar fure mai ƙamshi. Soyayen da aka haifa, tsawon mil 3, ba su bar wurin haihuwar su ba na wasu ƙarin ranakun, abubuwan da suke ci gaba da kasancewa cikin jakar gwaiduwa. Sannan suka fara tafiya mai zaman kanta, suna haduwa cikin garken. Abincinsu da farko ya ƙunshi zooplankton da algae, sannan ƙananan abubuwa marasa kyau suna bayyana a ciki.
Fishan ƙaramin kifi suna girma a hankali, har zuwa shekara ɗaya tsawon su 3-4 cm Bayan wani shekara, suna ninka girman biyu kuma shekaru biyar kawai tsayin su ya kai santimita ashirin. An kafa shi cewa ci gaba da ci gaban layi ya ci gaba har tsawon shekaru bakwai, kuma suna rayuwa daga 12 zuwa 16.
Abokan halitta na layi
Abin mamaki, irin wannan kifin mai aminci da kunya kamar tench bashi da abokan gaba da yawa a cikin daji. Wannan kifin yana da ƙarancin gamsai a jikinsa. Kifi mai ban sha'awa da dabbobi masu shayarwa waɗanda suke son cin kifi, suna kashe hancinsu, amma hakan ba ya haifar da sha'awar su saboda farin ciki, wanda kuma yana da ƙamshin sa.
Mafi sau da yawa, a adadi mai yawa, caviar lingual da ƙwararrun ƙwararru ba su wahala. Tench ba ya tsare masonry, kuma soya suna da haɗari sosai, sabili da haka, duka ƙananan kifi da ƙwai suna daɗin cin kifaye daban-daban (pikes, perches), da dabbobi (otters, muskrats), waterfowls basu damu da cin su ba. Abubuwan haɗari na dabi'a suma suna zama sanadin mutuwar ƙumbin masu yawa, lokacin da ambaliyar ta ƙare kuma matakin ruwan ya ragu sosai, sannan caviar, wanda ke cikin ruwa mara nisa, kawai yana bushewa.
Hakanan za'a iya kiran mutum makiyi na tench, musamman ma wanda ya iya sarrafa sandan kamun kifi. Sau da yawa ana fara kamun kifi tun kafin a fara shi. Ang Angola suna amfani da duk nau'ikan abubuwa na wauta da koto, saboda tench yana matukar jin tsoron komai sabo. Abun da aka saka yana da fa'ida da yawa: da fari dai, yana da nama sosai, abu na biyu, naman sa yana da matukar kyau da kuma kayan ci, sannan na uku, babu buƙatar tsaftace sikeli, saboda haka ba ya daɗewa sai ya ɓoye shi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
A cikin faɗin Turai, kewayon yanki goma yana da faɗi sosai. Idan zamuyi magana game da yawan layin gaba ɗaya, za'a iya lura cewa lambar sa baya barazanar ƙarewa, amma akwai abubuwan da ke tattare da rashin lafiyar cuta da ke cutar da shi mara kyau. Da farko dai, lalacewar muhalli ce ta waɗancan wuraren ramuka inda aka ba da wasiƙar goma. Wannan shine sakamakon ayyukan gaggawa na mutane.
Mutuwar ta tench ana lura da ita a cikin hunturu, lokacin da aka sami raguwar hauhawar ruwa a cikin tafki, wanda hakan ke haifar da gaskiyar cewa kifin hunturu kawai ya daskare a kankara, basu da sarari don yawanci su tono cikin ɓarna da hunturu. A yankin kasarmu, farautar namun daji ta samu karbuwa fiye da Ural, wannan shine dalilin da yasa yawan mutane goma a wurin suka ragu sosai.
Duk waɗannan ayyukan mutane sun haifar da gaskiyar cewa a wasu yankuna, jiharmu da ƙasashen waje, yanki goma ya fara ɓacewa kuma yana haifar da damuwa da ƙungiyoyin muhalli, saboda haka an haɗa shi a cikin Litattafan Red na waɗannan wurare. Har yanzu, yana da kyau mu fayyace cewa wannan halin ya ci gaba ne kawai a wasu wurare, kuma ba ko'ina ba, m, ana rarraba yanki sosai kuma lambar sa a matakin da ya dace, ba tare da haifar da fargaba ba, wanda ba zai iya yin farin ciki ba. Ana fatan wannan zai ci gaba a nan gaba.
Layin Tsaro
Hoto: Lin daga Littafin Jan
Kamar yadda aka fada a baya, yawan layin a wasu yankuna ya ragu sosai sakamakon ayyukan dan Adam na rashin hankali, don haka ya zama dole in sanya wannan kifin mai ban sha'awa a cikin Litattafan Red na yankuna daban-daban. An lissafa Tench a cikin Littafin Red na Moscow a matsayin jinsin masu rauni a cikin wannan ƙasa. Babban abubuwan da ke iyakancewa anan shine zubar da ruwa mai datti a cikin Kogin Moscow, concreting na bakin tekun, adadi mai yawa na wuraren motsa ruwa wanda ke tsame kifi mai kunya, da kuma karuwar yawan rotan da ke cin lingua caviar da soya.
A gabashin Siberiya, ana kuma ganin tench a matsayin abu ne mai ƙarancin gaske, musamman a cikin ruwan Lake Baikal. Girma na poaching ya haifar da wannan, don haka tench yana cikin Red Book of Buryatia. Ana ganin Tench ba kasafai ba ne a yankin Yaroslavl saboda karancin wuraren da ba a kewaya ba tare da ciyayi, inda zai iya nutsuwa. Sakamakon haka, an jera shi a cikin littafin Red na yankin Yaroslavl. A cikin yankin na Irkutsk kuma an jera tench a cikin Littafin Red na yankin Irkutsk. Bugu da ƙari ga ƙasarmu, ana kiyaye yanki goma a cikin Jamus, kamar yadda akwai lambarta kuma kadan.
Don adana irin wannan kifaye, ana bada shawarar matakan kiyayewa:
- akai-akai saka idanu da aka sani yawan,
- saka idanu filayen hunturu da filaye,
- kiyaye kiyaye yanayin yankuna na birni a cikin garuruwa,
- tsaftacewa da datti da kuma gurbacewar masana'antu na wuraren tsabtace wurare da wuraren hunturu,
- haramcin kamun kifi a lokacin kewayawa,
- mafi girman hukunce-hukuncen azabtarwa saboda farauta.
A ƙarshe, Ina so in ƙara wannan sabon abu don gamsai da girman sikeli tench, wanda aka saukar ga mutane da yawa daga bangarori daban-daban, saboda halayensa da dabi'unsa, wadanda suka zama masu matukar kwanciyar hankali, sassauƙa da rashin damuwa, an bincika su. Ba za a gaurayar kamannin tench mai kyau ba tare da wani ba, saboda Yana da asali da asali sosai.