Kowa ya san tsuntsun mujiya. Shin wani ya ji labarin malam buɗe ido da ake kira mujiya? Ta yaya kuma me yasa ta sami wannan suna? Yanzu za mu fada ...
Girman wannan malam buɗe ido wanda ba a saba dashi wani lokaci yakan kai cm 20. Za'a iya danganta malam buɗe ido fiye da maraice.
Ayyukan maɓalli suna faruwa a faɗuwar rana, amma ba ya daɗewa - kashi ɗaya bisa uku na awa ɗaya. A kasan reshen fuka-fukan akwai wani zane wanda yayi kama da idanu na mujiya, kuma ban da wannan, wannan tsarin shima yayi kama da hoton da ke jikin fatar maciji.
Don karewa daga abokan gaba da yawa, tsuntsaye, malam buɗe ido yana amfani da wata hanyace ta musamman da take tasiri: lokacin da aka yi mata barazanar, sai kwari suka sauka nan take, barin tsuntsaye su kalli ƙarshen fikafikansu. An nuna su cikin sauri don ɓoye, saboda hoton da suka gani ainihin hoton mujiya ne.
Da kyau, sashin waje na fuka-fukan yana da karammiski mai ruwan wuta da kuma sautunan m, waɗanda suke maye gurbin juna da kyau.
Malam namu na tabarau yana da fa'ida sosai. An cika shi da 'ya'yan itatuwa iri-iri a cikin yanayin halitta da zaman talala. Abinci na musamman game da ita shine ayaba mai tsauri. Godiya ga tsarincinta na abinci mai sauki, mutane da yawa zasu iya rike malam buɗe ido a gida.
Kwakwalwar Kaligo yana kama da sabon abu: ratsin shuɗi yana da kyau a jikin haske mai launin kore, an kuma sanya kambi mai rawaya mai kaho da ƙaho.
Wannan ya ba ta kamannin wata dabara mai ban mamaki daga kasar Sin. Ana inganta wannan tasirin ta hanyar wutsiya mai saukar da wutsiya a ƙarshen, wanda ke da nauyin 2 azure akan bangarorin.
Wurin haifuwar malam buɗe ido shine mafi girma dajin a duniya - gandun daji na Amazon. A cikin yanayi na dabi'a, yana zaune a cikin yanayin zafi na kudu da tsakiyar Amurka. A halin yanzu, ana iya samun Kaligo a cikin gandun daji na Venezuela, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua. An hango kyawawan kayan kambas da nesa kuma a arewa - a Mexico.
Kaligo mai girma mai launin toka yana da babban akwati da kuma fuka-fukan fuka-fukai wanda yakai kusan santimita 20. Dukkan jikin an rufe shi da manyan gashi, fuka-fukan da ke saman su baƙaƙen fata ne. Idan ka kalli kwari kusa, zaku iya mantawa da cewa wannan malam burodi ne: akwai cikakkiyar jin cewa kana da karamar dabba.
Malam buɗe ido na samun sauƙin amfani da shi ga mai shi, nan take ya buɗe proboscis ɗin, yana jira don ciyarwa. Kwaro mai ci yana cike da annashuwa, cike da annashuwa. Lyan malam buɗe ido yana son cin giya mai dadi, musamman giya da aka yi da gida. Samun kulawar da ta dace, Kaligo zai iya rayuwa a cikin yanayin daki har zuwa watanni 2.
Amincewa da nono baƙi, baƙaƙen malam buɗe ido yana da sauraron sauraro da murya. Yana da ikon tayar da taguwar ruwa na ultrasonic, kuma a Bugu da kari, hasken wutar lantarki da mutum ya kama. Tunda kuyadu suna farautar kambunan daddare a daren, neman su a duhun lokacin farin ciki tare da sikirin masu sauti, ƙwaƙƙwaran buƙatar buƙatar kare kansu. Idan sun ji jemagu suna neman su ta hanyar ultrasounds, suna aikawa da nau'in gargaɗin sauti iri ɗaya, amma tare da sauƙin yanayin da aka murƙushe. Sakamakon haka, an ƙirƙiri hoto na gurbatawa a cikin mice, halayen da ba daidai ba na wurin an kafa su kuma, a sakamakon haka, kuskure. Yin amfani da yanayin da ya dace, ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙƙwaran suna ɓoye.
Cokalin malam buɗe ido ɗan kwari kwari ne da ke da abubuwan asiri da yawa game da kansa. Don magance su, masana kimiyya dole ne suyi ƙoƙari.
Bayanin asalin halittar Kaligo, bayyanar kuliƙin nono
Butterfly owl daga dangin Kaligo, hoto
Ganyen malam buɗe ido (Owlbutterflies Caligo) mallakar halittar Kaligo ne, ya haɗa da kusan 20 na baƙin labaren da suke rayuwa a cikin tsibiran teku da kuma subtropics of America.
Sashin fidiyon wakilan Kaligo halittar ya kai 120-160 cm, koda yake akwai wasu samfurori waɗanda wannan adadi ya kai mm 200.
Dukkanin rubutattun ƙwayayen suna launin ruwan kasa da launin ruwan kasa, wanda suka karɓi suna "Caligo", wanda aka fassara daga Latin zuwa "ruhun ciki". Hakanan akwai samfurori masu kyau tare da m, lemu mai zaki da tintaccen launin shuɗi.
Kashin baya na fuka-fukan tsuntsayen kuliyoyi an rufe shi da wani mawuyacin hali na ratsi, layin wuta da aibobi. A mujiya mai walƙiya a tsakiyar ɓangaren fika fuka-fukai suna da da'ira baki ɗaya tare da launin rawaya, wanda a fuskarsa yana kama da ɗambin mujiya.
Maƙasai suna da ƙwaƙwalwa mai kamannin jiki wanda aka rufe shi da karsashin gashi. Matsakaicin girman kwari shine 16-17 cm, wasu lokuta suna girma zuwa 20 cm.
Idanu suna da nau'in facet kuma suna zaune da yawancin kai. Antennae filiform ne.
A matsakaita, malam buɗe ido ya rayu sati 3.
Kwayoyin sun ambaci dimorphism: mace sun fi maza girma kuma ba su da launi mai haske.
Kiwo
Butterflies suna da nau'ikan nau'ikan yin ladabi a cikin nau'ikan jirgin sama da raye-rayen raye-raye. Maza sun raba yankin zuwa sassan dabam inda suke tsammanin mace mai tashi. Bayan hunturu, kumbura ta bayyana a farkon bazara, su ne suka ba mutanen farko. Binciken abokan haɓaka yana ba da gudummawa ga rarraba pheromones. Bayan hadi, mace tayi daga qwai 100 zuwa 300 a bayan ganye daga tsirrai. Mafi sau da yawa yana da nettle. Masonry yana farawa a farkon watan Mayu. Amfrayo ya yi girma a cikin sati biyu zuwa biyu, daga nan sai maciji ya bayyana.
'Ya'yan matattara suna sanye da bakuna mai bakin ciki; suna ciyar da rana dare da rana tare da ɗan hutu kaɗan. A cikin farkon farkon, tsawon tsutsa ya kai mm 2, a cikin na biyu ya riga ya zama mm 8. Suna girma cikin sauri, suna cin dukkan ganyayyaki akan shuka. Baya ga nettles, kwari suna sauka akan raspberries, hops, Willow ko ganye na Birch. Yawan ranakun tsakanin tsintsiya ya sha bamban, a duka, an maye gurbin caterpillars da shekaru biyar. Matakan lardin yana ɗaukar kusan wata guda. Kafin ilmin lissafi, matafilolin sun yi tafiya zuwa bangarori daban-daban.
Larvae suna da nasu hanyoyin kariya. Lokacin da magabatan suka kawo musu hari, sai suka dauki matakin fara barazanar suka fara motsawa lokaci guda ta fuskoki daban-daban. Wannan ya tsoratar da mai hari. Kari akan haka, mahaukatan sirrin koren ruwa mara kyau, zasu iya birgima cikin ball kuma su fadi a kasa. Ana iya ganin fati mai kusurwa da launin toka-kore ko launin ruwan hoda-launin shuɗi a bango, rassan ko mai tushe. Launi ya dogara da wurin da aka zaɓa don ɗalibi. Wannan matakin, dangane da yanayin zafin jiki, zai ɗauki makonni 2-3.
Tsawon tsinke shine mm 25-28; an kafa shi a juye. Rarraban kawuna na fikafikan, proboscis, ciki. Generationaya daga cikin ƙarni na farko na daskararre ya bayyana a ƙarshen Yuni. Kwandon ya ruɓe tare da kai da gaban fuka-fukan.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Rana Butterfly Peacock ido
A cikin hanyar imago, ya bayyana a farkon bazara kuma yana jin daɗin rayuwa har zuwa Satumba - ƙari daidai, har zuwa lokacin da lokacin sanyi ya zo. Wadannan baƙin ƙarfe suna ciyar da rayuwar rayuwarsu ta jirgin sama, kuma yana iya zama mai aiki ko m - godiya ga fuka-fukan da suke da yawa, suna adana ƙarfi ta hanyar shirya kawai.
Yana aiki ne kawai a cikin hasken rana - da wuya ya fara yin sanyi da maraice, yayin da suke neman wurin da za su kwana. Suna son hasken rana da zafi sosai, saboda tashiyen jirgin sama suna buƙatar makamashi mai yawa - saboda haka suna iya shiga cikin rana na dogon lokaci kafin su fara wani tashi.
Suna kuma buƙatar yanayi mai kyau don tashi. Saboda haka, idan damina da lokacin sanyi a lokacin bazara ja, diapause ya shigo cikin kwaro-dugu - malam buɗe ido ya faɗi cikin ɗan gajeren rashin sa. Yawancin lokaci, yakanyi tsawon mako guda a ciki ya dawo rayuwa mai aiki kai tsaye bayan ya sake yin zafi da rana sake.
Ido na peacock hakika ne mai dogon hanta, gabaɗaya, baya kirga lokutan rashin isasshen gashi, zai iya rayuwa har zuwa shekara guda. Bayan farko na yanayin sanyi yana tashi don hunturu.Abin lura ne cewa a wani yanki mai dumin dumin yanayi, idanun peacock na iya hunturu da kuma karo na biyu, sannan kuma ta sake farkawa daga yanayin bacci a lokacin bazara.
Don haka, yana yiwuwa haɗuwa da wannan malam buɗe ido a cikin ƙananan abubuwa don mafi yawan shekara - daga Maris zuwa Oktoba. Tabbas, a cikin latitude na yanayi yana da wataƙila, a cikin bazara, watakila, ƙwanƙwaran ƙwaƙwalwa waɗanda bazata farka tare da narkewa zasu iya haɗuwa, kuma suna tashi kaɗan.
Alas, mutuwa tabbas suna jiransu, saboda malam buɗe ido wanda ke farkawa kafin lokaci yayi kuzari mai yawa kuma bazai iya cika shi da adadin da ya dace ba - kodayake wani lokacin yana kula da mafaka kuma yaci gaba da hunturu don ya sake farkawa lokacin da yayi dumin dumin.
Zuwa lokacin hunturu, tana buƙatar neman wurin da bazai zama mai sanyi kamar a sararin sama ba, amma kuma ba mai ɗumi ba: tana iya hawa ƙarƙashin gindin itaciya, zuwa zurfin zuriyar zurfin gandun daji, a kan baranda. Babban abu shine cewa yakamata a kiyaye wannan wurin daga sanyi da magabatansu.
A lokacin rashin himma, malam buɗe ido na iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi, kodayake tasirin su shine wanda ba a son sa. Amma ba za ta iya ba da amsa ga harin ba, har ma ta sake wadata ta wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki - saboda haka, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wani wurin ɓoyewa da adana su a gaba.
BAYAN NAN
BAYANAN GWAMNATI rukuni na dangi na tsari na malam buɗe ido, ko Lepidoptera, na biyu mafi girma a cikin jinsin kwari. Mafi yawa, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, suna haifar da yanayin rayuwa ko hasken rana. Bugu da kari, kwari baki daya sun bambanta da rana kwari da sifofinsu. Jikinsu yana da kauri, kuma launikan fuka-fukan yakan zama mara nauyi, monophonic kadan. Antennas (antennae) sune mafi yawan lokuta cirrus ko filiform, yayin da a cikin kullun rana kukan rana ƙarshensu ƙirar ƙwallon kafa ce, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake kiran lepidoptera na wannan rukunin rukuni-rukuni, kuma ana kiran motsi-dare.
Tsarin rayuwa.
Eggsawon asu ƙwai na dare sa kawai ko a tara. Mata na iya “harbe” su a kan tashi, a sa su cikin kyallen tsirrai ko a sanya su a hankali akan abubuwan da aka zaɓa. Tsutsa-tsutsa macijin ciki - matafila - ƙyanƙyashe daga ƙwai tare da madaidaiciyar rabuwa kai, ƙarancin shayarwa, ɗauka nau'i biyu na ƙwararrun madaidaiciya kafafu tare da maƙallan madaidaiciya kowannensu, da ciki, wanda akasari akwai nau'i-nau'i na fiska na karya biyu, na ƙarshe a ƙarshen jikin. Legsa'idodin ƙafafun karya na ƙwallon ƙafa suna ƙare tare da gashin gashi mai siffa da dama. Bayan wucewa da hanyoyi da yawa, sai mahaukaciyar ta juya zuwa pupae, wanda a mafi yawancin nomo bare ana rufe su cikin jakar kwalliyar kwalliya. Ana samar da siliki ta hanyar manyan ƙwayoyin haɓaka na yau da kullun. Suna ɓoye wani ruwa mai-furotin wanda idan aka fallasa shi ga iska, zazzage shi cikin fiber. Ana amfani da wannan fiber don saƙa da kwakwa, ta ruɓe ɗakuna a ƙasa, ta haƙa igiyar kafin ɗalibai, gina shinge, har ma da hanyoyin musamman na kariya daga abokan gaba. A cikin dunkurar taxa da cigaban halitta, kayan da aka girka na girma (imago) ana matse su a jiki kuma basa iya motsi. Bayan wani lokaci na zamani, ya danganta da nau'in yanayi da na waje, wani malam buɗe ido ya fito daga pupa.
The na'urar aiki na baka.
Ana amfani da sikirin proboscis na malam buɗe ido shine ƙwararrun masalafi na baka a cikin aji. Lokacin da ba shi da mahimmanci, yawanci ana ɓoye shi a ƙarƙashin lokacin farin ciki. Boaƙƙarfan proboscis ya dace sosai don ɗaukar abincin ruwa kuma tare da tushe yana buɗe kai tsaye cikin makogwaro. Rashin kula da tsofaffi masu amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin maganin ƙwaƙwalwar fata ba sa da wuya. Mafi yawan wakilan wannan wakilai wadanda suka yanke wannan hukunci a lokacin sun girma suna dauke da manyan bakuna, wadanda kuma halayyar caterpillars na wasu gungun kwari ne.
Yawo.
'Yan kwalliya na gargajiya suna da nau'i biyu da fikafikan haɓaka masu kyau, da yawa an rufe su da gashi da sikelin da aka samo daga gare su.Koyaya, tsarin fuka-fukan sun bambanta sosai: suna iya kusan zama kusan gabaɗaya (saboda lalacewar juyin halitta), wakiltar manyan jiragen sama ko kuma kunkuntar, kusan tsararren layi. Dangane da haka, ikon nau'ikan buɗe ido guda ɗaya na tashi shima ya sha bamban. A cikin siffofin da yawa, alal misali, wasu burrows, an rage fuka-fuki a cikin mata kawai, yayin da maza ke zama kyaftin fayiloli masu kyau. Wadanda aka san su da kifayen fikafikai da kuma marassa nauyi. A gefe guda, akwai wasu nau'ikan da fikafikan suke da alama suna haɓaka da kullun, amma kamar yadda kayan ƙawa ke tashi ba su da aiki, misali misali siliki ne da ke ba da siliki na kasuwanci: maza da mata suna da fikafikai, amma ba sa iya tashiwa. Wataƙila mafi kyawun jirgin sama mai tasowa cikin dangin shaho. Sukan fikafikan fikafikan su kamar yadda aka saba da irin wannan sautin da ke kusa da bishiyoyin ba wai kawai haɓaka mai girma ba ne, amma kuma suna iya, kamar hummingbirds, don rataye a cikin iska har ma da tashi da baya.
A cikin kwari da yawa na hasken rana, alal misali, wasu shaho da dukkan karar gilashin, kusan babu gashin gashi da sikeli a jikin jirgin fuka-fukan, amma wannan bai shafi karfin tashiwa ba. Fuka-fukan waɗannan jinsunan suna kunkuntar, kuma ba sa buƙatar ƙarin tallafin injiniyan da murfin scaly ya halitta. A wasu halayen, tsarin jijiyoyin da ke kusa da fuka-fukan an rage shi sosai, kuma flakes ɗin ana yin su ta hanyar da ta keɓaɓɓe a farfajiyar su. A cikin wasu ƙananan butterfan malam buɗe ido, fuka-fukan suna da kunkuntar da wataƙila baza su iya samar da abin ɗagawa idan ba don dogon gashin da yake tare da su ba. Suna sararin samaniya sosai har suna haɓaka yanki na samar da sararin samaniya dangane da iska.
Bambancin tsarin tsararraki tsakanin kwari da maraice yana da alaƙa da tsarin manne fuskokin gaba da na baya, i.e. Aiki tare da motsi a cikin jirgin. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu a cikin kwari. Calledayansu ana kiranta amarya. Amarya wata fuska ce mai fasalin siffa wacce ta fito daga saman gefen gaban allon gaban ta a gindi. An saka shi a cikin abin da ake kira retinaculum akan reshe na gaban, wanda a cikin maza yakanyi kama da aljihu kuma yana zaune a gaban bangon gaban reshe a kan laimar farashi, kuma a cikin mace yana kama da tarin kumburi ko gashin kansa mai kauri a gindin tsakiyar jijiya. Na'urar ta biyu an samar dashi ne da kamar bakin rago wanda yake jingine da reshe na baya na ciki na sashin ciki na gaba a gindinsa. Irin wannan tsari, wanda ake kira yugum, sananne ne kawai a cikin kadan daga cikin manya manya. A cikin ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar fata a cikin rana, abin da ke faruwa shine sakamakon fashewa akan fikafikan hind, amarya bai dace ba. Koyaya, da yawa ban aka sani. A cikin tsohuwar rana malam buɗe ido, an kiyaye gado, kuma a wasu nau'ikan labaren nono, ana haɗa fuka-fuki, kamar a cikin abincin rana.
Gashinan kamshi.
Wadannan gabobin, wadanda suke kan tururuwa mafi yawan kwari ba kwari, sune pineal ko fad'insu wanda ke da siffa mai santsi. Suna cikin ciki ta hanyar rukuni na sel na musamman da ke zaune a cikin zurfin yadudduka na abun da ke ciki kuma an haɗa su da reshen jijiyoyin azanci. A bayyane yake, ƙansar kwari da yawa ba dare ba ne: an ɗauka cewa yana godiya a gare shi cewa sun sami wakilai na mata da maza da tushen abinci.
Al'adun ji.
A cikin wasu kwari ba kwari, sassan jikin jiyya an san su, kodayake a duk tsawon sashin boka ba su nan. Wadannan injunan an samarda su ne a cikin kuncin da ya gabata akan kwayayen gaba ko sassan farko na ciki. An sake yin jujjuyawar tare da membrane na bakin ciki, a ƙarƙashin wanda matattarar ƙwayar tracheal take. Sautin sauti da ke yaduwa a cikin iska yana haifar da membrane don yin rawar jiki. Wannan yana motsa farinciki na sel na musamman, wanda ake yada shi zuwa reshe na jijiyoyin azanci.
Umarni da hangen nesa.
Babban gabobin hangen nesa na asu baƙi manyan idanu biyu ne, suna ɗaukar kusan dukkanin ɓangarorin kai.Irin waɗannan idanu, halayyar yawancin kwari, sun ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa iri ɗaya masu zaman kansu daga juna - ommatidia. Kowannensu ido ne mai sauƙin ido tare da ruwan tabarau, hoto mai ɗaukar hoto da ciki. Tabarau hexagonal na dubban ommatidia na fuska ɗaya na ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙwalwar nono tana haɓaka farfaɗinta da dama daban-daban. Don cikakken bayanin yadda ake aiki da waɗannan gabobi na hangen nesa, da yawa za a buƙaci sarari anan, kuma yana da mahimmanci a lura da abu ɗaya kawai: kowane ommatidium, daban daban na wasu, zai fahimci wani sashi na gaba ɗayan hoto, wanda a ƙarshe ya zama mosaic. Yin hukunci game da halayen kwari na kwari ba dare, yanayin gani na su, kamar na sauran kwari, yana da kyau a kusa, amma suna iya ganin abubuwa nesa ba kusa ba. Koyaya, saboda aikin mai cin gashin kai na yawancin ommatidia, ana iya ganin motsin abubuwan da suka faɗo a fagen hangen nesa koda "akan faɗaɗa iri", tunda suna haifar da ɗaruruwan ko dubunnan rayayyun ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin rai. Sabili da haka, ƙarshen ya nuna kanta cewa idanun wannan nau'in an yi nufin ne da farko don rikodin motsi.
Pigmentation.
Kamar malam buɗe ido na rana, launi na malam buɗe ido na dare ya ninka abubuwa biyu - yanayi da launi. Pigments na daban-daban sunadarai abun da ake kafa a cikin flakes densely rufe jikin kwari. Waɗannan abubuwa suna ɗaukar haskoki tare da takamaiman zazzabi da kuma nuna wasu, waɗanda sune ɓangarorin rawar rana waɗanda muke gani lokacin da muke bincika malam buɗe ido. Launin launuka shine sakamakon shakatawa da tsangwama na hasken rana, ba a haɗa shi da kasancewar alamu ba. Tsarin shimfidar ma'aunin Sikeli da membranes, da kasancewar dogayen layuka da furfura a kan sikeli, ya kai ga karkacewa da ma'amala da “farin” haskoki na rana ta hanyar da wasu masu gani suke inganta da mai kallo kamar launuka. A cikin kwari ba dare ba, launinsa yana da alaƙa da fari.
Mazauna.
Caterpillars daga da yawa nesa da juna a cikin dangin asu, a bayyane, sun sami nau'ikan halayen masu kariya iri ɗaya. Kyakkyawan misali shine musset-mongers da lokuta. Gidajen siliki masu cike da datti da ganyayen ganye da aka haɗe a waje an gina su a gidan ofyan uwatsun mata kusan nan da nan bayan ƙyanƙyashe. Tsarin tsari shine yake kawai gaban sashen tsutsa ne ya fito daga ciki, wanda idan damuwarsa, yana jujjuya ciki. Girman gidan yana ƙaruwa da haɓakar macen maciji, har sai da ya girma ya girma kuma ɗalibai a cikin wannan “jakar”, sun kai cm 2.5-5. Bayan weeksan makonni, wani ɗan fitsari ya fito, kuma wasu mata wasu ke kasancewa a gidan. , kuma mace-mace na faruwa ne ta hanyar taimakon ƙwaƙwaran ƙwayar cuta, wadda namiji yake amsar a wurin. Bayan hadi, mace ta sanya kwai a cikin jakarta kuma ko dai ta mutu kusa da su, ba tare da fita waje ba, ko kuma, a wasu nau'in, duk da haka ya kan je ya fado kasa nan da nan ya mutu.
Yankunan da kera filaye suna gina makullin gida mai kama da guda daga ganyayyaki, jefar da larvae da makamantansu, kullalliyar su da sirrin gland gland da excrement.
Gashi, gland da sauran tsarin lardin.
Kwakwalwar wasu nau'ikan suna dauke da gashi mai ƙoshin gashi ko gashin gashi. A saman kololuwar kawunansu, duhun glandon fata mai guba a bude, asirin wanda, lokacin da aka shigar dashi jikin abokan gaba, yana haifarda fushin sa. Gwararrun gland a cikin larvae daga iyalai daban-daban suna sanyaya jikin mutum tare da ruwa, wanda wataƙila yana da tasiri ga maɗaukakan masu haɗari ga waɗannan nau'in. Wasu mahaukatan, idan sun damu, sun fara yin faɗa da ƙarfi, wasu suna birgima cikin ƙwallo mai ƙarfi ko kuma kamar suna mutu.A lokuta da yawa, a lokacin hatsari, sukan fado daga reshen tare da dutse kuma su rataye akan zaren siliki da aka tona lokacin faduwar. Don dawowa, sai guntun ya tashi tare da siliki, yana yatsan shi da abubuwan baka da kafafun sa na gaba. A cikin larvae na shaho da yawa, kashi na takwas na ciki yana ɗaukar manyan fashewa a cikin nau'ikan ƙaho a baya. Bala'i mai rikicewa tare da motsi mai mahimmanci yana jagorantar su a kan abokan gaba. A cikin larvae da yawa, gashi mai tsayi fiye da orasa da yawa na rufe jiki yana aiki azaman kariya daga masu hana yara fata da kuma masu tsinkaye.
Kayan kariya na pupae.
Matsayin ɗalibin ɗalibi a cikin kwari da daman yana alamu da yawa alamu waɗanda ke ƙara haɓakar rayuwa. Ana hutawa Pupae a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar launi mara daidaituwa hade da bango. Cocoons na siliki, wanda yawancin kwari suke yi, suna aiki ne azaman na'urar ingantacciya wacce take kare karshan mutane da kwari. A cikin sanannun silkworm, suna da layi uku. Akwatin waje yana kwance, mai matsakaici, da membranous na ciki. Wannan ƙirar ta sa chrysalis ɗin da ba ta da kariya daga ciki wanda kusan ba ya iya yiwuwa.
Canza launi.
Kwakwalwa da kwalliya na dusar ƙanƙara na dare tana amfani da kariya (taushi) da faɗakarwa (kalami) canza launi. Latterarshen ya jawo hankalin masu farauta kuma bisa ga bambancin jinsin da suka mallaki wasu nau'in babbar kariya mai ƙarfi. Haske mai haske, alal misali, yawancin caterpillars tare da dandano mara kyau, saboda ɓoye na glandar musamman, ko an rufe shi da ƙonan gashi. Canjin launin fata, wanda ke ba da damar haɗi tare da bango, an haɓaka shi a cikin wasu nau'in larvae kawai ba zato ba tsammani. Idan caterpillar ya sami abinci a kan jemage, to da wuya ya bambanta da launi da sifa daga allura ko sikelin da ke kewaye da shi. A cikin sauran nau'in, larvae ba kawai yayi kama da ƙananan ƙanƙanuwa a cikin bayyanar su ba, har ma ya hau kan rassan a lokacin haɗari don ƙara ƙarfafa wannan kamance. Irin wannan tsari yana da peculiar, alal misali, zuwa gaɓar kwari da wasu haƙarƙarin.
Za'a iya misalta launuka masu yawa na kwari masu girma tare da misalai da yawa. Harkokin shakatawa mutane na wasu nau'ikan daga dangi masu nisa suna kama da rarar tsuntsaye, wasu suna haɗuwa sosai tare da dutse mai dutse, haushi, ganye ko furanni waɗanda yawanci suke zama. Ribbons yana nunawa akan tashi mai haske mai launi mai haske na fikafikan hind, amma kusan ba za a iya bambance su ba, tunda ƙirar fikafikann ta gaba tana birgima a bayansa daidai yadda za a rufe kwaro a jikin duwatsu ko tsintsayen itace. Fuka-fukai na 'yan damfara da yawa a cikin dare suna ɗauke da alamu daidai da idanun manyan mafarautan. Wannan yana tsoratar da abokan gaba waɗanda basa ƙoƙarin karɓar haɗari ta hanyar gano ainihin ƙimar dabbar "kallon" su.
Melanism masana'antu
- ofaya daga cikin abubuwan ban sha'awa, saboda shekaru masu yawa suna jan hankalin masana ilimin halitta akan nono. A cikin jama'a, akasarin asalin ƙwayoyin cuta masu launin fata, galibi percentagean karamin kashi na mutane duhu (ma'abuta ɗabi'a) galibi suna halarta. Samuwar alamu a cikin su ba ɗaya bane kamar yadda a wasu ke yi, saboda maye gurbi, i.e. gaji. An lura cewa a cikin ƙarni na baya da yawa na yawan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin adadin wasu nau'ikan ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙƙwaran nocturnal sun haɓaka sosai, kuma wannan ya faru a yankunan masana'antu, galibi a Turai. Sau da yawa, baƙin ƙarfe na duhu kusan kusan kawar da haske, wanda aka ɗauki la'akari da dabi'ar ɗabi'a. A bayyane yake, muna magana ne game da wani tsari na haɓaka cikin sauri.
Nazarin jinsin tare da melanism na masana'antu ya nuna waɗannan. Yiwuwar rayuwa “al'ada ce”, i.e. haske, siffofi a yankunan karkara sun fi na melanists, tunda launi ne na al'ada wanda yake da mahimmanci a wannan nau'in yanayin.Gaskiya ne, baƙin labartattun duhu suna da fa'ida ta hanyar ilimin halitta - suna rayuwa cikin yanayi na karancin abinci (ƙarancin wasu abubuwan abinci mai gina jiki) wanda ke yiwa 'yan uwan su adalci, amma, a bayyane yake, kwari sun fi fuskantar masu hasara fiye da abinci mai isasshen abinci, don haka ma'anar maganganu ba ba wai kawai fitar da daidaikun mutane ba ne, har ma suna zama cikin marasa rinjaye. A wuraren masana'antu, abubuwa da yawa waɗanda malam buɗe ido suke zaune a kai an rufe su da soot, kuma launuka masu duhu a nan mafi kyawun abin rufe fuska daga maƙiya fiye da na al'ada na haske. Bugu da kari, a cikin yanayi lokacin da ciyawar ciyawar take fama da gurbata yanayi, ƙananan bukatun melanists don ingancin abinci sune mahimmancin gaske. Sakamakon haka, suna ƙaura da ƙanƙara na al'ada a cikin yanayin masana'antu, kuma idan haɗarin karancin abinci mai gina jiki ya zama mafi mahimmanci fiye da hare-haren maharan, yana ƙara haɓaka kasancewar su a yankunan karkara. Don haka, an tabbatar da mahimmancin matsayin ka'idar juyin halitta ta zamani: kwayoyin halittar da ke bawa jiki kowane irin fa'ida ana rarraba su a cikin jama'a idan basu lokaci guda ba suna kaiwa ga bayyanar alamun da ke rage dacewa. Yana da muhimmanci a lura cewa canza launin melanistic wanda ya bazu tsakanin cinyoyin bishiyoyi a masana'antu da yankunan karkara makwabta an gaji shi a matsayin babban hali. Abubuwan da ke faruwa na melanism na masana'antu har yanzu suna buƙatar ƙarin bincike. Kasancewa kyakkyawan misali game da tsarin juyin halitta wanda yake motsawa sosai gaban idanunmu, yana ba da zarafin fahimtar mafi kyawun tsarin aikinsa.
Rarraba.
Ana samun Bututun ƙarfe a duk nahiyoyi banda Antarctica, kuma yawancin tsibirin teku. Babu shakka, iyawar manya don tashi sama ya zama muhimmiyar rawa wajen yin bayani game da yaduwar yawancin jinsuna. Koyaya, a wasu taxa, manyan hanyoyin sasantawa daban. Don haka, a manyan tsaunuka kuma a wurare masu nisa daga cikin wuraren da ake tsammani masu farauta ne, an kama matattarar matasa da ke yawo a cikin iska akan zaren silsilar da suke asirin ta. Haka kuma yaduwar nau'ikan shima yana sauƙaƙe ta hanyar haɗuwa da ƙwai zuwa rajistan ayyukan da wasu abubuwa, wanda za'a kwashe su, misali, ta ruwan ambaliyar ko iska. Yawancin kwari da maraice suna da alaƙa da dangantakar symbiotic tare da sauran nau'ikan halittu, kuma jikunansu a zahiri sun yi daidai da fannin rarraba “runduna”. Misali shine asu yucca wanda yake haifarwa a cikin furannin yucca.
Amfanin.
Tunda kayan baka na mafi yawan manya manyan kwari ba kwari bane, proboscis ne mai taushi, ba zai iya daskarar da dabbar da yatsun tsirrai ba, toran wadannan kwari ba sa cutarwa ga mutane. A yawancin lokuta, suna ciyar da ciyawar fure, suna kawo fa'idodin da ba za a manta da su azaman pollinators na amfanin gona masu mahimmanci.
Misalin irin wannan fa'ida kuma a lokaci guda ma'amala tsakanin juna shine dangantakar asu yucca da tsirrai yucca. An shirya fure na ƙarshen ta hanyar da takin ƙwayoyin ovules da haɓaka tsaba daga gare su bashi yiwuwa ba tare da taimakon pollinator ba. Irin wannan taimako ana bayar da ita daga asu na yucca. Ana tattara furanni daga furanni da yawa, tana zana ƙwallo daga ciki, wanda ta sanya shi a hankali cikin ɓarin kwaro, don haka tabbatar da hadi na ƙwayayen kwai a cikin gidan kwai, inda ta sanya kwai. Abubuwan yucca masu haɓaka sune kawai abincin da larvae yake, wanda, duk da haka, suna ci kaɗan kaɗan daga gare su. Sakamakon haka, halayen halayen manya na wadannan kwari na kwari mara wata hanya mara kyau tana tabbatar da yaduwar tsirrai tsararraki. An san nau'ikan kwari na yucca, kowane ɗayan yana da nasaba da nau'ikan yucca.
Kwakwalwar kwari da kwari basu da amfani sosai. Suna iya lalata ganyayyaki, mai tushe da tushen tsirrai, cin abinci da aka adana, lalata ganguna da sauran kayan. Kudancin lardin da yawa na nau'ikan dodo na nocturnal suna haifar da mummunar illa ga aikin gona.
Kowa yasan cutar da kwari keratophagous. Suna sa ƙwai a kan ulu da Jawo wanda lardin su ke ci.Wasu nau'in halittu suna amfani da muryoyin waɗannan kayan don gina murfin ɗalibai.
Pestswan kwari masu ban tsoro shine asu na hatsi, ko masara ta sha'ir, asu na gari na India da masarar Ognevka, suna lalata hatsi a cikin shagunan ajiya. Dukkan nau'ikan ukun sune cosmopolitans, i.e. rarraba a duk duniya, kuma don rage lalacewar da suke haifar, dole ne koyaushe ku gudanar da magani tare da maganin kwari.
Masanan daji na yawancin nau'ikan suna cikin rukunin da ake kira masu hakar ganye (daga mai hakar gwal na Ingilishi - miner) - suna ciyar da kyallen tsirrai a cikin ganyayyaki kuma saboda wannan suna cin nasara ta hanyar manyan wurare da manyan ramuka a ƙarƙashin ta. Tsaran rake na sauran nau'ikan rami ta hanyar rassan, tushen da kuma kututture, suna ciyar da rayuwarsu gaba ɗaya a cikin rundunar shuka, wanda ke samar da kwari da ingantacciyar kariya daga cututtukan kwari, magabatan mutane da tryingan adam da ke ƙoƙarin yaƙar su.
Wataƙila mafi yawan lalacewar lalacewa ta hanyar caterpillars zuwa tsire-tsire shine defoliation, i.e. lalata foliage. Larvae na yunwar ƙwaya na iya fallasa filaye, lambuna da ma gandun daji.
Rarrabawa.
Tsarin da aka fi amfani da shi na tsari na Lepidoptera ya raba shi kashi biyu - Palaeolepidoptera da Neolepidoptera. Wakilansu sun banbanta da juna ta hanyoyi da yawa, gami da tsarin larval, kayan aiki na baki, zauren fikafikan da kuma tsarin tsarin haihuwa. Fewan nau'ikan suna mallakar Palaeolepidoptera, amma sun wakilce su ta hanyar juyin halitta na yawancin nau'ikan ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa tare da mataƙaƙan ƙasa, yayin da Neolepidoptera ke haɗuwa da mafi yawan yawancin bisharar zamani. A cikin duka, umarnin Lepidoptera yana da iyalai sama da 100, wasu daga cikinsu (kawai don kwari) an jera su a ƙasa.
Gilashin Gilashin (Sesiidae): siffofin siriri tare da fuka-fuki marasa gaskiya ba tare da sikeli ba, suna kama da ƙudan zuma a bayyane, tashi da rana.
Ognevki (Pyralidae): karami, labartattun launuka iri-iri, fuka-fuki a hutawa sau uku ta hanyar almara: jinsuna da yawa kwari ne.
Ingeran fika-fika (Pterophoridae): ƙananan sifofi tare da fuka-fukan da suke nesa da kansu, gefuna waɗanda suke ɗaukar juzu'in sikeli.
Hakikanin kwari (Tineidae): ƙananan ƙananan malam buɗe ido tare da daɗaɗar sikeli tare da gefan fikafikan.
Bishiyar Sagittarius (Gelechiidae): ƙarami, sau da yawa mai haske gashin buɗe ido, mutane da yawa, alal misali, ƙwayar hatsi (sha'ir), kwari ne mai cutarwa.
Squids (Sphingidae): yawanci manyan nau'ikan da suke kama da hummingbirds.
Marauders (Psychidae): maza suna da fuka-fukai, ƙananan, masu launin shuɗi, mata mara nauyi da matafila suna zaune a cikin jakunkuna na siliki.
Peacock-eye (Satniidae): manya-manya, kuli-kuli-kuli-kuli tare da dimbin jikin, mutane da yawa suna da “idanu” akan fikafikan su.
Bishiyoyi (Geometridae): karami, siriri, siffofin fuka-fukai, gaisuwar wacce “mataki”, ke bijiro da madauki a cikin jirgin sama na tsaye.
Leafworms (Tortricidae): nau'in ƙanana da matsakaici, fuka-fukai masu ɗauri sau da yawa suna kama da kararrawa a cikin shaci, mutane da yawa masu haɗari masu haɗari, irin su kumburi-ƙwaro da ƙwaro apple.
Bishiyar Kwakwa (Lasiocampidae): liesarƙanun shaggy mai matsakaici tare da babban jiki, matafila sune kwari masu haɗari.
Arsaan Bears (Arctiidae): liesan uwana masu launin gashi mai matsakaici tare da fuka-fukai masu haske.
Scoops (Noctuidae): siffofin tare da furfuran launin toka mai haske ko launin ruwan kasa da eriyoyi masu kama da zaren.
Volnanka (Lymantriidae): maza da fuka-fuki masu launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa da eriya-mace, mace wasu lokuta ba ta da fiɗa, matafikai suna da launin launi.
Zan iya rike malam buɗe ido a gida?
A zamanin yau, mujiya mai barkono zata iya taka rawar dako. Mutumin ba ya jin kunya sosai kuma yana da ɗimbin adaidaitawa. Ba za ku sami lokaci ba don lura da yadda ta saba da kasancewa a gaban ku kuma ta zauna a hannunta. Babu wahala wajen samar mata da abincin da ya wajaba. Tana murna da farinciki akan lemuka mai zaki ko launin ayaba. Kwaro yana cin abinci sau ɗaya a rana, tsawon lokacin cin abinci ya bambanta daga mintuna 5 zuwa 15
Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci a kula da yanayin zafin jiki da yanayin zafi da ake buƙata don rayuwar asu. Don haka, yawan zafin jiki kada ya sauka zuwa digiri 23 kuma ya zarce digiri 28
Ya kamata a kiyaye danshi a cikin ɗakin a tsakanin kashi 60-70%. Yana da matukar muhimmanci ga malam buɗe ido, saboda a wasu yanayi fuka-fukan tsuntsaye zasu bushe su fara bushewa. Don hana irin wannan sakamako, wani lokaci za ku iya fesa kwari ko ku sanya adiko na goge baki a cikin akwatin sa. Idan kuna kulawa da kyau ga malam buɗe ido, zai iya rayuwa daga watanni biyu zuwa uku.
Bayanin da fasali
Bambancin tsari na mujiyoyi ana wakilta su da ƙananan tsuntsaye daga girman sparrow zuwa manyan wakilai tsawon 60-70 cm. A cikin mazauna daban-daban, ana samun launi na shuɗi a cikin tabarau mai launin shuɗi, launin ruwan kasa, launuka masu duhu da fari.
Amma alamun gama-gari na tsuntsayen tsuntsaye suna sa su zama sananne a duk sasanninta na duniya - kai mai zagaye wanda yake da manyan idanunsa a gabansa, gajere na baki mai kama da sifar. Masana ilimin dabbobi suna nuni da sifofin da dama da suka bambanta mujiya da sauran tsuntsayen ganima. Don haka, alal misali, tsarin tsuntsaye ya bambanta:
- da ikon yatsan waje don tanƙwara baya,
- farin fatalwa daga cikin gashin fuka-fukai mai kauri, ke zama kamar mahiman fuska,
- kasancewar lafuffukan taushi da ƙyalli a cikin kayan aikin, saboda hakan mujiya kwari yayi shuru.
Abubuwan da aka sanya a kafafu masu gashin suna da ƙarfi, riƙewa. Ana amfani da maƙallan ƙarfin ƙarfi don kama wanda aka azabtar, riƙe. Faɗin fikaf ɗin shine faɗin 150-200 cm, Gashin fuka-fukai, na uku da na huɗu a jere, sune mafi tsawo. Wutsiya takaice. A jirgin sama, mujiya ta isa zuwa gudun kilomita 80 / h.
Shugaban tsuntsu da alama yana da girma saboda yawan ɗimbin yawa, yana ba shi sifa mai zagaye. Ikon tsuntsayen juya kawunansu tare da juyawa na 270 ° an san shi ba tare da wani matsala ko cutarwa ga lafiya ba. Wannan fasalin yana taimakawa magabatan su bi dabbobin daji.
Hangen nesa na Binocular yana ba da hoto mai haske da fari Neman ruwan tabarau a cikin bututun ƙaho maimakon ƙwallon ido na buɗe damar don owls su gani da kyau da dare. Wurin idanu a gaban shima yana bada gudummawa ga nasarar farauta.
Amma tsuntsu ba zai iya jujjuya shi da idanunsa ba, kamar mutum. Idanuwanta a ko da yaushe ake sa ido a gaba. Pupilsaliban suna da hankali sosai ba kawai ga rawar jiki ba, amma suna faɗaɗawa da kwangila yayin numfashin annabta.
Tsuntsaye suna jin sau huɗu fiye da kuliyoyi. An rufe kunnuwa na waje da wani falon fata, wanda fuka fuka-fukai kewaye. Movementan ƙaramin motsi ya ba ɗan mujiya ta zama.
Ana iya jin sautin tsuntsu yayin lokacin dabbar, yana da kira a cikin yanayi. A cikin tsufa, an danganta shi da kaɗaici, baƙin ciki, matsayin matsayin sojojin arna. Lokacin da tsuntsun ya fusata, yakan haifar da hakoran beak.
Saurari muryar mujiya mai girma
Launin mujiya "ko yaushe" yana da kyau, yana da hankali. Baƙar fata, baƙaƙe, ratsiyoyi suna warwatse akan asalin launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. Daga nesa, suna haɗe tare da asalin abin da ya kewaye, kuma a faɗakarwar tsuntsaye ba shi yiwuwa a fahimta - launi kamannin shine fa'idarsa.
Akwai iyalai 2 tsakanin tsuntsayen mujiyoyi - ainihin mujiyoyi, owls owls. Dayawa daga cikin zuriya masu cin gashin tsuntsaye suna zaune yankuna daga mai ba da izini zuwa ƙasashen arewacin. Wasu nau'in mujiya ya yi suna musamman.
Mujiya mai tsayi. Launi mai launin toka-launin ruwan toka a saman jiki tare da duhu, an raba ƙananan sashi ta hanyar layi mai juyawa. A kan kai sune kunshin gashin gashin har 3 cm, wanda ya ba da sunan ga tsuntsu.
Tsawon mujiya yana da kusan 35 cm, tare da fuka-fuki mai nauyin cm 90. Ya fi son dazuzzukan daji na ƙasashen Turai, arewacin Asiya, inda yake da can. Yana farauta a sarari - a filaye, tare da gawawwaki. Yana jagorantar rayuwa mara kyau. Yana ci gaba akan mice, ƙananan dabbobi, tsuntsaye. Mujiya mai tsayi tana ciyar da hunturu a Afirka.
Saurari muryar mujiya mai tsayi
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Babban mujiya mai toka. Babban tsuntsu, tsayin jiki har zuwa cm 80. Grey-smoky colors of plumage. Idanun suna rawaya mai haske. Taiga mazaunin.Hakanan ana samun shi a cikin tsaunukan Turai, a Mongolia. Mujiya ta sami sunan ta saboda wani tabo maras kyau a gemun sa wanda yayi kama da gemu. Sarakuna gashin tsuntsu samar da abin wuya a wuyan.
Sparrow Owl. Karamin wakilin dangi, tsayin jikin tsuntsu ya zama 16-19 cm ne kawai, ckin zai kai 60-80 g. A kusa da idanu rawaya sune zobba fari da launin ruwan kasa, fatar ido mai kyau da ke saman idanu.
Speanan saƙo na launin rawaya suna ɓoye saman mujiya, a gashin gashin-launin toka-launin ruwan kasa na baya, aibobi ya fi girma. Abun ciki fari ne cikin launi mai tsayi mai haske na inuwa mai duhu. Tsuntsu ya zauna a cikin dazuzzuka masu tsiro, da farauta dare da rana, yana jagorantar rayuwa ta zauna.
Saurari muryar macizai mai rarrafe
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Gidan Gida Haske launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan wuta mai walƙiya. Idanun suna da zurfi, a dalilin wanda tsuntsu ke da tsawa. Zagaye sanduna na fuka-fuki akan fikafikan, gaba daya akan kirji da ciki.
An rarraba tsuntsu a Kudancin Altai, a Transbaikalia, a cikin tsakiyar Turai, ƙasashen Asiya, da kuma arewacin Afirka. Fi son wuraren farawa, wuraren wuraren hamada, inda akwai ƙwaƙwalwa masu yawa, masu shaye-shaye.
Wasa gidan mujiya
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Barn Owl. Bambancin bambanci tsakanin tsuntsu shine cewa fuskar fuska tana da kamannin zuciya. Bayyanin peculiar yana haɗuwa ta hanyar asymmetric na kunnuwa - kunnen hagu yana kan layin goshi, kuma yakamata a nemi dama a cikin ɓangaren hancin. Wannan fasalin yana bawa tsuntsu kyakkyawar ji.
Girman itacen mujiya mai matsakaici - matsakaici na jiki har zuwa 39 cm, nauyi 200-500 g. Umaƙwalwa a baya tana da ja mai haske, tare da ɗambobi masu yawa, tatsuniyoyi, da ratsi. Hues suna canzawa bisa ga mazaunin tsuntsun.
Saurari muryar mujiya
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Farar Fata. Tsuntsu mazaunin tundra ne, saboda haka launi mai kamewa yana da matukar muhimmanci ga wuraren dusar ƙanƙara. Bakin baki, baƙi mai duhu, idanu rawaya da alama suna da haske a cikin farin dusar ƙanƙara.
A cikin tsawon tsuntsu har zuwa 65 cm, mai nauyin har zuwa 2.5 kilogiram. Sun fi son bude wuraren, kusan ba sa tashi zuwa cikin gandun daji. Abincin ya dogara da lemmings. Hayar polar da aka jera a cikin littafin Red, wani nau'in halitta ne da ba kasafai yake zaune ba a Greenland, Arewacin Amurka.
Hawk Za'a iya kwatanta girman tsuntsu da girman hankaka. Kyakkyawan launi mai tsabta ita ce halayyar ƙananan jiki. Babban sautin shine launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa tare da farin aibobi.
Ana samo shi a Karelia, yankin Murmansk, Kamchatka, Asiya, Arewacin Amurka. Wutsiya tana da tsawo. Hawk mujiya—hunturu tsuntsu. A cikin abincin da ke cikin matsanancin lokaci, maimakon rodents, hazel grouse, partridge ya bayyana.
Saurari mujiya
Splyushka (maɓallin gama gari). Umarfin launin launin toka-launin ruwan kasa mai yawa tare da mottles, ratsi mai ratsi mai haske. Tsawon maniyyin yana kusan 22 cm, taro yana 80 g. Yana zaune a yankun daji na dutse. Tsuntsu mai hijira. Masu cin nasara a Afirka, Kudancin Asia.
Saurari muryar splyushki
Uwar mujiya. A cikin babban gidan owls, wannan shine mafi girman wakilai. A kan babba shugaban a cikin wuraren auditory foramen akwai fuka-fukai masu ƙira kama da na auricles. Launin gashin fuka-fukan, mara nauyi ne.
Ba kamar yawancin dangi ba, suna kama ganima a lokacin rana - hares, deer deer, pheasants. Gidajen da aka fi so sune gandun daji, inda babban fiɗa ba ya haɗuwa da cikas.
Saurari muryar mujiya
Butterfly care
Hoto: Butterfly Lycaena daga Littafin nan mai kyau
Wasu nau'ikan Lycaenidae an jera su a cikin International Red Book, adadi mafi yawa - a cikin Litattafan Red na jihohi daban daban. Yawancin dalilai na yau da kullun don raguwar lambobin waɗannan haƙarƙwaran sune ɓatar da mazauninsu saboda karuwar birni, garken shanu masu aiki a wuraren da adadin ke karuwa, ƙona ciyawa da sauran ayyukan mutane.
Don haka, matakan kariya suna da nufin kiyaye amincin akalla wasu mazauna ƙasashe masu fama da kwayar cutar polyommatus. Ayyukan matakan da aka ɗauka sun bambanta dangane da jihar, ana lura da mafi girma a cikin ƙasashen Turai.
A Rasha, ana kiyaye wasu nau'ikan Lycaenidae, ciki har da Arion, marshmallow mai girma da David Lycaenidae.Ana ɗaukar matakan rigakafin lalata waɗannan nau'ikan halittu masu rauni: wani yanki mai mahimmanci na jama'arsu suna zaune a cikin wuraren ajiyar halitta da sauran wuraren kariya, wanda ke taimakawa hana ci gaba da raguwar lambobin su.
Musamman a gare su, a kan yankuna na waɗannan abubuwan, gefunan ciyawar da ba a buɗe ba, an bar matsegeno kusa da anthills, anthills kansu ba su hallaka ko dai. Yawan ƙoƙarin da aka yi don kiyaye nau'ikan ƙoƙarin da ke faruwa ya dogara da farko a kan hukumomin yankin da ke da kariya ta Lycaenidae.
Lycaenidae suna da bambanci sosai, musamman ma a cikin wurare masu zafi, inda zaku iya haɗuwa da waɗannan baƙin labartattun launuka da launuka daban-daban na fuka-fuki. A cikin wurare masu nisa, kodayake sun fi ƙanƙanta yawa, akwai kuma da yawa, kuma waɗannan halittu masu ɗan gajeren lokaci suna ƙawata lokacin dumi - duk da cewa ɗabbai a wasu lokutan suna cutar da tsiran al'adu.
- Amphiesmenoptera
- Obtectomera
- Panarthropoda
- Maƙasai
- Littattafan Maƙaƙan Haɗi
- Maƙasoshin da aka jera a cikin Littafin Red na Kazakhstan
- Littattafan Maƙaƙan Haɗi
- Tabarbazar Rasha
- Kufa
- Lycaenidae
- Sau biyu
- Daidaita daidaituwa
- Littattafai na rana
- Dabbobin Afirka
- Dabbobin Belarus
- Dabbobin Eurasia
- Dabbobin Turai
- Dabbobin Kazakhstan
- Dabbobin china
- Red Book Dabbobin
- Dabbobi na Littafin Red of Russia
- Meadows na dabbobi
- Harafin dabbobi B
- Harafin dabbobi G
- Dabbobin filayen
- Dabbobin Rasha
- Dabbobin arewa america
- Dabbobin marasa ƙarfi na Arewacin Haurobiya
- Dabbobin dabbobi marasa kwari na kudu
- Dabbobin Subequatorial Belt na Arewacin Haurobiya
- Dabbobin Subequatorial Belt na Kudancin Hemisphere
- Dabbobin Tropic
- Dabbobi na Tropical Belt na Arewacin Hemisphere
- Dabbobi na Tropical Belt na Kudancin Hemisphere
- Dabbobin Ukraine
- Dabbobin Yankin Arewa Maso Gabas
- Dabbobin Kudancin Yankuna
- Dabbobin Kudancin Amurka
- Kyakkyawan malam buɗe ido
- Kwari kwari
- Miƙa
- Meadow malam buɗe ido
- Littattafan Jan Ruwa
- Cikakkun Abubuwan Canje-canje
- Ganyen magarya
- Kwari kwari
- Farko
- Maƙasai
- Bugun numfashi
- Bishiyar daskararre
- Dabbobin Tropical
- Proboscopic
- Lepidoptera
- Arthropods
- Kafa shida
- Eukaryotes
- Eumetazoi
- Albarkatu masu haske
Rayuwa & Habitat
Owls suna zaune ko'ina - ana iya samo su a bakin tekun, a cikin hamada, wurare masu tsaunuka, tsakanin tsaunukan daji, gandun daji. Ba za ku iya samun owls kawai a cikin Antarctica. A Rasha, jinsunan tsuntsaye 18 masu rai. Toari ga dabbobin daji, ana kiyaye tsintsayen a kewayen gari, kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam.
A cikin abubuwan kwaikwayo na gine-gine, a ƙarƙashin rufin gidaje zaka iya gano cewa suna zaune a can mujiya.Wanne tsuntsu, ƙaura ko a'a, ya zama bayyananne daga halayen tare da zuwan yanayin sanyi.
Ba dukkan nau'in owls suna tashi zuwa yankuna na kudu ba, yawancin an daidaita su. Motsa jiki na faruwa ne sanadiyyar karancin abinci.
Tsuntsayen tsaunika suna ƙaura zuwa karkara, mujiya ta arewa suna barin wuraren zamansu kafin a yi ɗumi.
Gandun daji suna jan hankalin tsuntsaye sosai, amma akwai nau'ikan da aka daɗe don buɗe wuraren. Za'a iya samun kukan tsuntsaye a cikin manyan wuraren ramuka, a tsakanin murƙun duwatsu, mujiyoyin polar suna yin kwanciya a cikin ramin.
Makaru - tsuntsu daren, amma farin, shaho, mujiya mai launin shuɗi da rana. Madalla da gani, mai ji sosai, ikon tashi yayi shiru yasa tsuntsaye sukai biris. Neman ganima, wani lokacin sukan yi kuka mai ƙarfi wanda ke tsoratar da jijiyoyin wuya. Estan ƙaramin motsi yana nuna alamar maƙiyi ya kai hari.
Ta hanyar murya, sautikan halayyar, zaku iya tantance nau'ikan tsuntsaye:
- "Dariya" ana fitowa da mujiya ce,
- "Yapping, tari" yana cikin cikin mujiya, mujiya,
- wasan monosyllabic hoot yana bugawa ta hanyar polar,
- sautin da ya fito daga bakin maciji, splyushki.
Owls suna jagorantar salon rayuwa ɗaya, kada ku ɓata cikin garken. Raba banbanci yana da alaƙa da haɗewa zuwa takamaiman rukunin rukunin ƙasa, yanki ɗaya.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Mako - tsuntsu mai farauta, tushen abincin shine abincin asalin dabbobi.Kasancewa masu farauta masu kyau, tsuntsaye a kowane yanayi suna ba da kansu wadataccen abinci. Abincin abinci ya dogara da mazauni.
Tsuntsaye masu matsakaici suna ci a cikin babban adadin 'yan amphibians, da kwari iri-iri (gwoza, ciyayi), ƙananan ƙwayoyin (mice, voles), waɗanda suke da fa'idodi masu yawa, suna lalata mazaunan gandun daji masu cutarwa.
Babban mujiya ta cinye dabbobi masu shayarwa (shinge, hares). Hakanan sukan ci berayen, berayen maciji, macizai, lemam, frogs, shrus. Owls suna kai hari ga tsuntsaye ba sau da yawa, amma a cikin yunƙuri suna kaiwa kaji, ƙananan lambobi. Jinsunan mujiya da ke zaune a kanɓar gabar teku, kifayen, ci da ƙyafe, adda.
Abubuwan owls sananne ne na dogon lokaci, har zuwa wata guda, yin ba tare da ruwa ba. Lokacin da suka zama tilas, sun cika bukatar shan giya tare da jinin wadanda abin ya shafa. Amma jikin ruwa yana da mahimmanci don ma'abutan farauta ba kawai don shayar da ƙishirwa ba, har ma don tsabtace hanyoyin tsabta. A cikin ƙasashe masu zafi, owls suna haɓaka abincin tare da kyawawan 'ya'yan itatuwa, berries, tsire-tsire.
Mujiya (hotuna 130) - bayanin tsuntsu ne, nau'in, inda mujiya ta zaune da kuma abin da take ci, tarihi, yanayi da salon rayuwa.
Waɗannan tsuntsayen suna rayuwa da baƙon rayuwa. Yawancin mujiya a farke da daddare, adadinsu yana ba ku damar haɗuwa da su a ko ina a cikin duniya, kuma kwatankwacin su da parrots kawai yana ƙara ƙayyadaddu. A halin yanzu, masana kimiyyar kere-kere sun rubuta nau'ikan tsuntsaye dari biyu da ashirin na wadannan tsuntsaye.
Siffofi da wuraren zama
- Owl yana zaune a duk faɗin duniya kuma zaka iya haɗuwa dashi ko'ina (sai dai Antarctica).
- Ana iya samun su a cikin hamada mai zafi, steppe, tuddai, a bakin teku, cikin gandun daji har ma a manyan biranen.
Ba kasafai ake ganin su a wani fili buɗe ba. Wasu nau'ikan owls suna haifar da rayuwar nomadic, yayin da wasu basa motsawa kwata-kwata yayin rayuwa.
- Nests galibi suna cikin wurare mara izini (wuraren kwance, wuraren buɗa ido, ɗaki).
Bayanin tsuntsu mai mujiya ya nuna yadda suka bambanta. Girman mujiya sun bambanta ƙwarai. Musamman ƙananan mujiya har zuwa 20 santimita (passerines) kuma manya-manyan har zuwa santimita 75 a tsayi kuma zuwa kilo 4 (Eagle Owl) ana samun su.
Yawancin lokaci jikin mujiya tana da dumbin gashin fuka-fukai masu kauri tare da matashin kai mai kauri a ƙarƙashinsu. Launi ya bambanta da irin tsuntsu. A halin yanzu an san zaɓuɓɓukan launi masu launi 420.
Misali, mujiya mikiya tana da ikon canza launinta gwargwadon mazauninta. Don gamsar da kanka game da launuka iri-iri masu ban mamaki, kalli hoto na mujiya.
Wadannan tsuntsayen suna da kafafu masu ƙarfi. Lokacin farauta, suna amfani da ƙarfi mai kaifi.
Ganin owl yana bayyanarwa sosai, idanun su kuma manya ne. Saboda manya-manyan idanu da haziƙai a tsohuwar Girka, an ɗauka da kuliyoyin tsuntsaye masu hikima.
Idanunsu suna da fasali mai ban sha'awa: suna iya gani cikin duhu gaba ɗaya babu wanda ya fi wannan kyau da hasken rana. Kodayake, mujiya ta ganin komai kusa.
Owls suna jin kusan sau hamsin fiye da ɗan adam. Alaƙa da parrots ta bayyana ne saboda gaskiyar cewa gemu na mujiya tana da kama da baki ɗaya na aku.
- Babu shakka, daya daga cikin sanannun sifofin owls shine wuyansu, wanda zai iya jujjuya digiri 270.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, wasu wakilan mujiya sune mutane masu ƙaura, yayin da wasu ke jagorantar yanayin rayuwa, suna daidaita nau'i biyu ko ƙananan ƙungiyoyi.
Mafi yawan lokutan aiki yayin rana shine dare. Da yamma suna sheka, suna hutawa kuma suna barci. Banda su fari farin mujiya. Suna da ƙarfi a kowane lokaci na rana a ranar polar.
Mujiya tana ciyar da maciji sau da yawa fiye da kwari ko kifi. Galibi ana neman ƙaramar ganima ta ƙananan mujiya.
Namiji suna da mace ɗaya, kuma suna haɓaka ma'aurata, suna ciyar da rayuwarsu gaba ɗaya tare da ma'aurata. Koyaya, babu tsararren lokaci na shari'a wanda ke faruwa a cikin wasu nau'in tsuntsaye a mujiyoyi.
Owls suna da kuzari, ba sa son sa lokaci da ƙoƙari a kan gina gidaje saboda haka galibi sukan mamaye baƙi. A wasu halayen, ƙwai ana kwanciya kai tsaye cikin ramuka da ƙoshin wuta. Yawan ƙwai da aka saba a lokaci guda: 4-10 guda.
Saboda rashin abinci, kajin sun sami damar cinye juna. Tare da iyayensu a cikin gida, jariran ba su wuce wata ɗaya. Daga nan sai su fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta.
Owajiyoyi masu ƙarfi da karfi suna fara dacewa da mahallin, mafi ƙarfi suna tafiya don ciyar da tsuntsayen ganima.
A gaba ɗaya, mujiya, idan sun jagoranci rayuwar ƙaura, yawancin lokaci ana alaƙa da fargaba ko haɗari ga tsohuwar mazaunin. Wasu lokuta ba sa barin ƙasa bayan irin waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru, amma kawai a ɓoye a cikin rawanin bishiyoyi ko kankara.
Malamar malam buɗe ido - bayanin ƙasa, mazauni, gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
Tun daga ƙuruciya mun san game da kasancewar owls. Koyaya, mutane kalilan suna tsammanin fauna duniyarmu yana da malam buɗe ido wanda ake kira wannan tsuntsun. Me ya sa mutane suka ba wa kwari irin wannan suna? Menene siffofin rayuwarsa? Za muyi magana game da wannan a cikin labarinmu.
Me yasa ake kiran haka?
Da farko, mun juya zuwa bayanin sabon abu sunan sabon nau'in halittar lepidoptera. Mazaunan wasu halittu na gandun daji, watau jarumai labarin suna zaune a can, galibi ana tilasta su neman kariya daga harin abokan gaba.
Daya daga cikin shahararrun hanyoyin tsakanin kwari shine disguise. Saboda haka, fikafikan burodi sau da yawa ana rufe su da fasalin mai kama da kama da halayen dabbobi masu yanke tsammani, kamar tsuntsaye ko abubuwan rarrafe
Naman malam buɗe ido, mallakar ƙabilar Kaligo, ya fara zama ana kiranta saboda launinta, yana kama da wannan tsuntsu mai cin nama. Manyan da'ira a jikin fikafikan suna kama da idanuwa mujiya, wanda ke baiwa kwari damar yin kwatancen gaban tsuntsun.
Wannan yana yaudarar abokan halitta na malam buɗe ido, waɗanda suke shirin kai mata hari, domin ba kwari bane mai rauni da ya bayyana a gabansu, sai dai dabbobin da ke da haɗari.
malam buɗe ido mai yawa - bayanin, mazauni, jinsuna
Menene malam buɗe ido yayi kama?
Kashi a bayanin asalin sunan, mun daukaka wannan batun. Koyaya, ba a bayyana shi cikakke ba, saboda haka za mu juya zuwa fadada adadin bayanan da ke akwai. An san cewa wannan wakilin Lepidoptera yana da girma-yawa. Kaligo mai launin toka, kamar yadda masana suka kira mujiya mai ɗaukar fata, yana da jiki mai girman gaske. Tsawon sa yana iya isa zuwa santimita 20.
Jikin tsutsotsin yana da gashi mai yalwatacce, kuma saman fuka-fukan yana kama da karammiski ga taɓawa. Cikakken bincike da bincike na malam buɗe ido na ba da jin cewa ba kwari ba kwata-kwata, amma kamar ƙaramin dabba ne. Gashin tsuntsu mai ɗaukar ciki ya bambanta daga milimita 120 zuwa millimita 160.
Wasu mutane suna da fikafikan manya-manyan har fikafikansu ya kai milimita 200.
Launi mai ban tsoro na bangon fuka-fukai, masu kama da idanu ta mujiya, ba abu bane mai mahimmanci game da malam buɗe ido. Af, mutane da yawa kuma suna kwatanta shi da alamu waɗanda ke ƙawata fata maciji. Mutane da yawa kamar kyawawan halayen fuka-fukan sun amsar da su. Launin launinta launuka ne na launuka iri-iri da launuka iri-iri, kamar suna gudano juna.
Abubuwan asali suna da kamannin cizo. Jikinta yana zanen fitila mai haske, kusa da inuwar letas, kuma ana yin ado da launuka mai haske.
An kawata kawunan nan mai ruwan hoda mai haske tare da kaho. Irin wannan bayyanar caterpillar wani fanni ne da mutane da yawa za su iya kwatanta shi da dodanni na kasar Sin.
Bifurcation na ƙarshen wutsiya kuma ƙyallen ta tare da raunin azure suna motsawa musamman don wannan.
Ta yaya malam buɗe ido yake rayuwa?
Lokacin aiki yayin day a cikin kwari yana farawa kafin faduwar rana. Koyaya, ba shi da tsawan lokaci mai ban sha'awa: mintina 20 kawai malam buɗe ido yana cikin yanayin babban aiki. A wannan lokacin, tana neman abinci. Idan binciken ya faru, to, tunda ya gangara zuwa ƙasa, zai narke proboscis mai rufi a cikin karkace kuma ya sha ruwan nectar.
Ragowar lokacin, kuliyoyin kuliyoyi suna kan bishiyoyi. Tare da fikafikansu, su zauna marasa motsi.Koma baya baya a wannan lokacin yana bayyane ga abokan gaba.
Tunda babbar hanyar kare lafiyar malam buɗe ido daga abokan gaba shine sakewa, to a lokacin da aka kaiwa tsuntsayen cinye abubuwa ko kuma masu rarrafe, nan take yakankai digiri na 180 a jikinsu domin nuna musu “makamin ɓoye” dake bayan bangon fikafikan sa. Tasirin amfani da wannan ingantacciyar hanyar tana da kyau matuƙar, tunda tsuntsaye da macizai suna yin kowane ƙoƙari don ɓoye daga abin da suke gani - hoton kamannin mujiya.
Kwaro ya ci gaba da yalwar overa fruitsan itaciya masu yawa, kasancewar suna cikin mazaunin gida da kuma a gida. Fi so a tsakanin waɗannan sune ayaba mai launin baƙi. Irin wannan rashin fasalin mujiya mai mujiya ya zama ɗayan dalilai waɗanda ke jan hankalin mutane su riƙe ta a matsayin dabbobi.
Dayawa sun danganta kwari da kwayar cutar daji. Bi da bi, masana kimiyya sun jaddada cewa mujiya mai labalaba tana da maraba. Irin wannan ma'anar ita tana nuna kasancewar dabba a cikin dabbar sauraron ultrasonic har ma da murya.
Kwaro ba zai iya kama walƙiyar haske ba kawai, wanda ke da wahala mutane su gane, amma kuma su haifeshi! Tunda farauta kamar yadda ake yi da dabbobin daji suna daya daga cikin abokan gaban hawayen kuliyoyi, rayayyun halittu suna bukatar kare su.
Uniquewarewarta na musamman sun taimaka mata a wannan. Labartflies kama dabbobin da aika da ultrasounds a cikin shugabanci da da gangan canza mita. Wannan yana rikitar da hoton sararin samaniya da na'urar batirin tayi, kuma tana asarar ikon kamanta ganima.
Yin amfani da asasi na abokan gaba, barkono suna ɓoye masa.
malam buɗe ido mnemosin - kwatankwacin hali, mazauni, nau'in halitta
Ta yaya malam buɗe ido take shayarwa?
Bayan dogaro da namiji, dogaro da maza na haifar mace da namiji, macece ta hanyar mace da namiji, mace ta ci nasara a tsakanin jinsunan Kaligo akan rassan itace. Bayan haka, mace ta sanya ƙwai a kan manyan ganye. Bayan sati daya, larvae ya bayyana. Yawancin lokaci, ba duk ƙwai da aka aza ba.
Na farko, jikin larvae an fentin farin, wanda igiyar launin ruwan kasa ta wuce. Daga nan sai molting ya gudana, bayan wannan shine matafirai suka zama kore kuma suka sami kaho da kashin baya.
Ina malam buɗe ido yake?
Masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa wurin haifan wannan nau'in na Lepidoptera shine gandun daji kusa da Kogin Amazon. A yau, yankin rarraba kwari yana da girma.
Yankunan da ke zaune tare da malam buɗe ido sun haɗa da gandun daji na wurare masu zafi a kudanci da tsakiyar sassan Amurka, gandun daji na Venezuela, sanannu da yawancin Honduras da Nicaragua.
Kari akan haka, an yi rikodin maganganun binciken ɗan adam na wannan nau'in labaren wannan nau'in a cikin ƙasar Mekziko mai zafi.
Yawancin lokaci mutane suna zaune a cikin yankuna marayu. Wani lokaci yawan jama'a suna bayyana a tsaunuka. Wannan hujja tana nuna yiwuwar rayuwar mujiya mai narkar da nisan nisan mil 1.5 a sama da matakin teku.
Farin Ciki na Farko: Abubuwa 7 masu ban sha'awa
Mujiya mai girma ta tsaya a kan asalin dangin ta daga dangin mujiya saboda hasken da tayi. Sabili da haka, ana kiran shi fararen mujiya, kuma Yakuts suna da maɓallin a hankali - Kaar-inda, wanda a cikin harshen Rasha yana nufin "farar kaka."
Ana iya ganin hoton wannan tsuntsu mai ban sha'awa a cikin rijiyoyin Savrasov, Kustodiev, Monet har ma a rafin Sarauniyar Ingila Sarauniya. Hakanan yana da ban sha'awa cewa an ambaci wannan nau'in cikin jerin litattafai game da Harry Potter.
Akwai wasu sauran dalilai masu ban sha'awa game da farin mujiya.
Babban mujiya a cikin tundra
Farar fata (tsintsiya) ita ce mafi girma daga tsuntsu a cikin tundra. A wannan yanayin, mace sun fi maza yawa: tsawon jikinsu ya kai 70 cm, nauyinsu kuma kilo 3. Maza sunfi girma a bayyanar, amma girman su ya fi tsayi: tsayin jiki ya bambanta tsakanin 55-65 cm, kuma nauyi ya kai kilogiram 2.5. Fuka-fukin wannan maɓallin shine 1.5 m.
Abubuwan da suke amfani da su suna karawa tsuntsu karin girma, wanda hakan yasa yake da girma sosai.Tsarinsa mara laushi, ƙirƙirar sararin sama, na iya rage yawan zafi. Fuka-fukan Lush kusan rufe gaba daya, yana kare shi daga hauhawar jini. Wsarfin kafa yana rufe da yalwa, suna kama da ulu kuma suna haifar da "kayan kwalliya", don haka maƙallan kusan ba su ganuwa.
Duk da girmanta, farin mujiya yana tashi da sauri. Plarfafa a kan fuka-fukan yana da tauri, amma jirgin yana shiru.
Sake kama maigidan
Launin launi na pola na manya yana da kariya - fari tare da alamomin duhu da ke gefen. Gashin baki da yatsun baki da aka rufe da gashin baki baki ne. A cikin maza ne kawai launin ruwan gilashi yake mamaye shi, wanda aka lalata shi da kananan magudanan ruwa.
A cikin mata da kananan tsuntsaye, kirji da ciki ne masu launin suka canza launin sautin haske, kuma dukkan ɓangarorin jikinsu an rufe su da launuka masu launuka masu duhu iri iri. Ana haihuwar kyankyasai tare da gashin fuka-fuki, wanda ke canza launi yayin girma.
Wannan launi kyakyawan tsari ne. Yana da matukar wahala ka hango mujiya a kan dusar ƙanƙara a cikin duhu mai duhu, saboda haka yana da fa'ida da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba yayin farauta har ma da masu farauta.
Wani bangare yawo tsuntsu
Yawancin lokaci tana zaune a wuri guda, amma wani lokacin takan yi tafiye-tafiye sosai a wasu wurare masu nisa. Saboda haka an dubapartially yawo. Babban mazaunin tsuntsu shine tundra.
Amma a lokacin hunturu, a cikin neman abinci, maharbin da ke da ruwa yana iya tashi zuwa yankin dajin-tundra da kuma steppes. Amma haɗuwa da shi a cikin gandun daji kusan ba zai yiwu ba.
Idan abincin yayi mummunan gaske, tsuntsu zai motsa gaba har zuwa kudu, har zuwa tsakiyar Rasha ko zuwa iyakar Kanada ta kudu.
Migaura ta mujiya ta kan iya farawa daga farkon kaka, kuma zaman su a kudu ya ci gaba har zuwa farkon bazara. Wasu mutane suna ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin wuraren farauta don lokacin hunturu, amma zaɓi wani yanki mai ƙarancin dusar ƙanƙara da kankara kuma yayi ƙoƙarin tsayawa a wuraren buɗe, wani lokacin ma tashi zuwa ƙauyukan.
Abin mamaki mafarauci
Mujiya mai maye ita ce mai cin gashin kansa. Tushen abincin da yake ci shine cin daskararren abinci, mice da wasu nau'ikan nama, ba ta cin abincin shuka kwata-kwata.
A cikin lokutan fama da yunwa, ba watsi da kifi ba, wanda sauƙin kama yana godiya ga yanayin walƙiya-da sauri, har ma da jigilar kayayyaki. A cikin matsanancin yanayi, zai iya yin ba tare da abinci na dogon lokaci.
Matsakaici, tsuntsu daya girma ya lalata fiye da lemmings dubu daya da rabi a shekara.
Salon farautar ta yana da fasali mai yawa:
- Ya fi son kai farmaki kan abin da yake gabatowa, zaune a ƙasa ko kai hari daga ƙaramin tudun, ana bi da wanda aka azabtar zuwa sata. Amma a maraice yana da ikon farauta kuma a kan tashi, rawar jiki a wuri guda a cikin iska, kamar ƙulle.
- Mafarin owngiya an tsara shi don yana gani daidai duka dare da rana. Tsuntsaye an tilasta su zauna a cikin babban polar day. Wannan shine kawai wakilin dangin mujiya wanda ke jagorantar rayuwar yau da kullun, duk sauran farauta kawai da yamma ko da dare. Amma mafi yawan lokuta yakan gwammace ya kai farmaki ganima duk da haka a cikin magariba, a cikin dare ko a sanyin safiya idan rana ba ta makanta ba.
- Amber idanu gaba daya basu da motsi, saboda haka tsuntsun ya tilasta jujjuya kansa kai tare da kananan kunnuwa 270. Wannan yana ba ta damar bin diddigin ko abin da ke da haɗari ba tare da motsawa daga matsayinta ba.
- Tsarin rayuwa na wadannan idanun owls suna sanya idanun su dubun sau fiye da idanun mutane. A yayin gwaje-gwajen kimiyya, an gano cewa majibatancin sun sami damar gano ƙananan ƙwayoyin jijiya tare da haske mai rauni a cikin nesa zuwa mita 340. A daren bazara, zasu iya farauta har da taurari masu walƙiya da hasken rana.
- Girman abubuwan ban sha'awa suna ba da farin mujiya don kaiwa hari ko da wani lokacin hares, pikas, geese, ducks. Hakanan zata iya kaiwa hari karami, amma masu hatsarin gaske, alal misali, kuskure. Tsuntsayen da ke cikin haɓaka suna cinye shi ƙasa gaba ɗaya tare da ƙasusuwa da ulu, wanda a sa'an nan aka ƙwace, kuma an kwashe manyan kuma zuwa cikin gida kuma an riga an tsage shi da fika.
Haka kuma sanannen abu ne cewa kuliyoyi marasa kan gado ba sa yin farauta kusa da inda suke zama.. Wannan doka ba ta canzawa koda kuwa akwai yuwuwar samarwa a kusa.
A dabi'ance, magabtan 'yan dabbobin tsuntsaye sune dawakai da dawakai arctic. Ba sa haɗarin kai wa manya hari, amma galibi suna ɓarnatar da mazauninsu ta cin ƙwai da kajin.
Goose makiyayi
Babu wata hujja mai ban sha'awa game da farin owls - suna da tasiri sosai akan jijiyoyin tundra. Rushewa da wadannan tsuntsayen da ke da yawan garken da ke satar qwai tsuntsu, da matsanancin tsokanar zalunci wajen kare yankin mazaunin, kai tsaye yana tasiri ga nasarar wasu tsuntsaye tundra. Sabili da haka, ducks, geese, geese, mabiyan sun zauna kusa da su.
Bayan haka, kuliyoyi da wuya suna taɓa waɗannan wakilan tsuntsayen da kwayayensu, amma suna samun nasarar tuke dawakai ko ɓatattun karnuka waɗanda suke ƙaunar lalata gidajensu. Tsuntsaye masu tsayi suna hana dabbobi nesa da gidajensu kusa da kilomita ɗaya don kare kajin nasu. Saboda haka, al'ada ne ga wasu mutanen Arewa su kira farin mujiya "makiyaya mai kaushi".
Idan akwai wani hadari mai hadari, mujiya za ta iya nutsuwa ko da a wurin mutum ne tare da isar da iska mai ƙarfi. Ba'a ba da shawarar keta iyakokin kayanta da kuma kusanci da gida.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa na kiwo
Abubuwan fata fararen fata suna jagorantar rayuwa kai tsaye saboda yanayin dabi'arsu. Amma a ƙarshen kowane lokacin bazara, suna zuwa kashi biyu, waɗanda tare ke haɓaka zuriya waɗanda ke bayyana a watan Yuni, kafin lokacin girma. Namiji ne wanda ke ƙyashe ƙwai. Lokacin da kajin suka kai kwanaki 55, sun fara koyon tashi, kuma ƙungiyar iyayensu ta ɗan lokaci tana rushewa har abada.
Owls sun fi son shirya gida a kan busassun wuraren tuddai, cika su da ruwa kuma sanya su: cikin kyakkyawan yanayi, har zuwa ƙwai 10 ko sama da haka, kuma a cikin shekarar jin yunwa - har zuwa 4.
Tare da fari, da brood na iya zama ba kwata-kwata.
Haka kuma, ba duk masu kyankyasar rayuwa ba suke rayuwa, saboda tsuntsaye sun fara yin zuriyarsu daga kwai na farko, saboda haka zaku iya samun kajin daban daban a cikin gida guda, kuma galibi yaran kan mutu.
A duk tsawon shekara, farautan bayyane sun kasa yin shiru. Suna ba da murya ne kawai a lokacin kiwo. Wani lokaci yayin jirgin zaka iya jin sautuka mai ban tsoro "da-da-da-da-da-da" ko "kra-au", a tunatar da wani kururuwa mai cike da cunkoso.
A cikin zaman talala na rayuwa tsawon rai
A dabi'a, mujiya na zaune ne kawai shekaru 9.. Wani tsuntsu mai saurin girma yana iya ƙetara bakin ƙofa tun yana ɗan shekara 17.
Amma ya ƙware sosai cikin zaman talala. Tare da kyakkyawar kulawa a ɗakin dabbobi, farin farashi na iya musanya dozin na uku.
Mujiya mai tsayi ta lankwashewa a jikin mayafin garin Novy Urengoy (Yamal-Nenets Autanous Okrug) alama ce ta Quebec - ɗayan lardunan Kanada. Mutanen Arewa suna cinye shi kuma suna ɗaukar shi ɗayan kyawawan kayan abinci saboda ƙoshin mai daɗi da nama.
Hoton makiya na tare da ku koyaushe
A cikin sarƙoƙin abinci, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa tana taka rawar wanda aka azabtar. Suna da abokan gaba da yawa: tsuntsaye, lizards, chameleons, jemagu. Idan kun tsira da yawa daga masu hasashen, to ku nemi dabaru. Kwakwalwa na Kaligo tana ɗaukar hoton wata amintacciya game da mujiya a cikin fikafikanta, wanda duk ƙananan dabbobi ke tsoron sa.
Fuskokin Kaligo a saman fuka-fukan tsuntsaye a saman kai da wuya tsuntsu. Launi, girma, siffar - duk abin da ya dace. Daga cikin waɗannan gashin fuka-fukan, manyan idanun owl mai haske. Yayinda kuli-lila ko tsuntsu mai launin dayan bakin tanagra yake gab da kaligo, malam buɗe ido ya ninka fikafikan sa. Maharbi ya sadu da kallonsa na sanyi na mujiya ya gudu.
Tasirin tsoro kuma yana haɓaka ta hanyar girman girman labarta da kanta. Girman fuka-fukan ya kai 20 cm, kuma tsawon jikin mutum yakai 7 cm .. Wannan magani ne mai matukar amfani ga dabbobi, kuma dole ne a kiyaye shi da tsarin cutarwa.
Yadda yanayi yake kusantar da kayan kamshi
Duk sabon tsarin tsarin kwari na kwari yana faruwa ne daga maye gurbi. Wataƙila, sau ɗaya a cikin kaligo mai launin ruwan-launin toka-toka mai ban mamaki ya bayyana tare da ƙananan aibobi.Kodayake ba duk abokan gabanin suna tsoron shi ba, amma mafi ƙanƙanci, amma ya fi sa'ar taron mazabarsa: ya bar zuriya.
A cikin 'yan childrena childrenan yara, aibobi ba kawai aka nuna ba, amma sun zama manya. Sun tsoratar da mafi yawan wadanda ke cin amanar kuma sun tsira zuwa babban lokacin rayuwa - haifuwa. Sabili da haka a kowane tsara: wa ya fi kama da mujiya, yana zaune a duniya da dazuzukan Amazon da 'ya'yansa.
Duba kuma: A cikin raƙumi, mai, ba ruwa ba
Kaligo ba ta banbanta da launinta. 'Ido na tsuntsu masu tsini-tsinkaye a Afirka na nuna masu zane-zane mai zane mai ban tsoro na dabba. Endsarshen fikafikan fuka-fukan Atlas-ido suna kama da shugabannin macizai sun juya da baya. Saturnia Io tare da idanu biri a kan asalin rawaya mai haske suna da tasiri sosai.
Maƙiyan Hauka na Kama
Wani tsohuwar malam buɗe ido tana zaune kimanin watanni 2, saboda haka za a iya jin daɗin kamfanin ta a gida. Ta ci ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai ɗimbin yawa, tana son ayaba da giya mai zaki. Kwaro da sauri yana tuna wanda ya ciyar da shi, kuma ya tausa wa mai shi. Babban abu shine a gargadi baƙi game da yanayin canza launin dabbobi, saboda ba su tsoron bayyanar kwatsam ta mujiya a cikin ɗakin.
Babu ƙarancin ban sha'awa shine abubuwan ban al'ajabi na kunkuru da kunkuru, ku koya sabbin abubuwa kowace rana tare da rukunin yanar gizon mu.
Loading ... Wani sauro na sauro shine sautin fashewar fikafikan, kuma maza basa taba cizon mutane Kunkuru ne farkon wanda ya tashi a duniyar wata a jirgin sama na Soviet ya sanya yatsun fuka-fukai 100 a minti daya goshiFish lang ya jure wa fari sannan zai iya rayuwa a wajen tafkin na tsawon watanni shida. Tsawon tsinkayen dawakan Falabella shine 84 cm
Malam Buɗe Ido: bayanin mutum da hoto. Tsarin da kuma bayyanar malam buɗe ido
A cikin tsarin malam buɗe ido, an rarrabe manyan sassan biyu - jikin da keɓaɓɓe ta ƙaƙƙarfan kwandon chitinous da fuka-fuki.
Butterfly - kwari wanda jikinsa ya kunshi:
Shugaban kwance a haɗe da kirji. Shugaban malam buɗe ido yana da nau'i mai zagaye tare da ɓangaren occipital mai sassauƙa mai sauƙi. Idanun buɗe ido suna buɗe ido ko kamannun furanni a cikin hanyoyin da suke fitowa, kasancewar mafi yawancin gefen kan kai, suna da sifa mai fa'ida. Maƙasudin balaguro yana da hangen nesa mai launi, kuma abubuwa masu motsi suna tsinkaye daga waɗanda suke motsi. A yawancin jinsuna, karin idanu mai sauƙi na parietal suna bayan antennae. Tsarin kayan aiki na baka yana dogara da nau'in halittu kuma yana iya zama nau'in tsotsa ko baƙin ciki.
Antennae na malam buɗe ido suna kan iyakokin parietal da ɓangarorin gaban kai na kansa. Suna taimaka wa malam buɗe ido kusa da mahallin, fahimtar tsinkayyar iska da ƙanshi iri-iri.
Tsawon da tsari na eriya ya dogara da nau'in halittu.
Tendrils na asu
Abubuwa biyu na fuka-fuki guda biyu, wadanda aka lullube su da sikeli masu fasali daban-daban, suna da tsari mai fasalin gidan yanar gizo kuma ana soke shi ta hanyar jijiyoyi da na tsaye. Girman fikafikan hular yana iya zama ɗaya kamar gaban gaba ko ƙarami ƙarami. Tsarin fuka-fuki mai launin fata ya bambanta daga jinsuna zuwa jinsuna kuma suna ɗauka tare da kyanta.
A lokacin daukar hoto na macro, sikeli akan fuka-fukan bokayen a bayyane suke sosai - suna iya samun siffofi da launuka daban-daban.
Butterfly fuka-fuki - macro harbi
Kusa da Butterfly Wings
Bayyanar da launi na fuka-fuki ɗaya ba wai kawai don nuna sanin jima'i bane kawai, har ila yau suna aiki azaman kariya mai kariya wanda zai baka damar haɗaka tare da kewaye.Sabili da haka, launuka na iya zama ɗaya ɗaya ɗaya ko kuma ya bambanta tare da tsararren tsari.
Girman malam buɗe ido, ko mafi kyau a faɗi firam na malam buɗe ido, na iya kasancewa daga mm 2 zuwa 31 cm.
Maƙƙarfan fuka-fukai suna faskare ido-dutsen tare da yanayin macin igiyar ciki
A ina ne malam buɗe ido yake rayuwa?
Yankunan da aka rarraba na labartattun abubuwa a duniya yana da faɗi sosai. Ba ya haɗa da ƙararrar iska mai kyau ta Antarctica kawai ba. Tabar wiwi suna zaune ko'ina daga Arewacin Amurka da Greenland zuwa bakin tekun Australia da tsibirin Tasmania. Mafi yawan nau'in jinsunan da aka samo a Peru da Indiya. Wadannan kwari masu kwari suna tashi ba wai kawai a cikin kwari kwari ba, har ma suna kan tsaunika.
Me barkatai suke ci?
Abincin yawancin malam buɗe ido ya ƙunshi pollen da nectar daga tsire-tsire na fure. Yawancin nau'ikan malam buɗe ido suna ciyar da tsirar bishiyar bishiyoyi, riarian overripe da rotan rotan rotanyani. Brazhnik, mataccen kai, mai cin abinci ne na gaske, saboda galibi yakan tashi cikin kudan zuma kuma yana jin daɗin abincin da suka tattara.
Wasu 'yan marmari na nymphalidae suna buƙatar abubuwan abubuwa iri daban-daban da ƙarin danshi. Tushen su shine hutu, fitsari da gumi na manyan dabbobi, daskararren laka, da gumi na mutane.
Misali, bishiyoyi daga gandun dajin Amazon suna sha da kunkuru da kunkuru.
Akwai nau'ikan buɗaɗɗen ganye da ba su da kayan aiki na baka: don kula da aiki mai mahimmanci, suna kashe waɗancan abubuwan ajiyar abinci wanda aka tara a cikin matattara.
Waɗannan baƙin ƙarfe sun haɗa da wasan kwaikwayo na Madagascar, fuka-fukan fuka-fukai wanda yakai 14 cm, tsawon rayuwar wannan malam buɗe ido kwanaki 2-3 ne.
Butterfly Madagascar Comet (Saturnia Madagascar) (argema mittrei)
Hakanan akwai "vampires" a cikin man shanu. Misali, maza masu wasu nau'ikan siket sunada karfin gwiwa saboda godiya ga jini da kuma hawayen dabbobi.
Irin wannan naman fitsari ne (lat. Callyptra).
Butterfly kiwo matakai. Juya wata Kwakwalwa a cikin Wani Butterfly
Yawancin malam buɗe ido suna da halaye na zaman jama'a lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin, wanda aka bayyana a cikin jirgin sama da rawa. Tsarin dabbar ta hanyar dabbar, lokacinda mace ta samu daga namiji, ban da maniyyi, wadatar da abubuwan da suka wajaba a ciki da sunadarai, wani lokacin kuma yakan iya zuwa sa'o'i da yawa.
Katako ya juya ya zama malam buɗe ido
Tsarin rayuwar malam buɗe ido ya ƙunshi matakai 4 (matakai):
Muguwar rayuwa tana farawa da kwai. Ya danganta da nau'in halitta da asalin halitta, malam buɗe ido yana buɗe ƙwai akan ganyayyaki ko rassan tsire-tsire. Zai iya zama har zuwa 1000 hadi hadu da wani zagaye, cylindrical ko ovu siffar. Launi na qwai na iya zama fari, launin kore, rawaya, ja, wasu lokuta tare da tsari. Wannan mataki na rayuwar malam buɗe ido ya kasance a cikin kwanaki 8-15.
Caterpillar (Tsutsa)
A wannan matakin, kwaro yana da sifar da aka juya. Kayan aiki na baka na maganin zubon cizo. Wani fasali na matafila shine kasancewar glandon na musamman a ciki, wanda yake samar da wani sinadari wanda yake yin saurin kauracewa sadarwa da iska kuma ya samar da wani nau'in zaren siliki mai dorewa. Cutar daji na malam buɗe ido na ciyar da abinci ne a kan abinci iri: 'ya'yan itatuwa, furanni da ganyayyaki. Koyaya, akwai yan cirani waɗanda abincinsu ya ƙunshi ulu, abubuwa masu ban tsoro, har ma da kakin zuma.
Doll
Ya danganta da nau'in halittar, ɗan itacen pupa na iya samun sikelin yalwataccen yanayi har ma da siffar zagaye. Kogon daskararre wani lokaci yana da tsarin da ake ɗauka ta ratsi, ɗigo da aibobi. A wannan matakin cigaba, malam buɗe ido, fuka-fuki, proboscis da kafafu sun riga sun fara jarirai.
Juyar da masara a cikin koko
Imago (saurayi, malam buɗe ido)
Ya danganta da nau'in halitta, tsawon rayuwar malam buɗe ido na iya kasancewa daga awowi da dama zuwa watanni 10. Imago ya riga ya iya haihuwa da mahalli, wanda sune manyan aikin sa.
Juya pupa a cikin malam buɗe ido (imago)
Me barkatai ke yi a lokacin hunturu?
Abin lura ne cewa barkatai na ɓoye cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. Akwai wasu nau'ikan ganye na malam buɗe ido waɗanda, da suka bar chrysalis, suna rayuwa ne kawai a lokacin bazara, kuma suka mutu da farkon yanayin sanyi.Wasu suna jira lokacin hunturu a cikin kwai, amma yawancin suna yin shi ne a matsayin chrysalis. Akwai wasu nau'in halittu da suka hadu da sanyi tare da kwari masu girma kuma suna ɓoye musu a cikin ɓarnar bishiyoyi ko kuma fashewar zurfi a cikin haushi. Irin waɗannan cututtukan urticaria, burdock da lemongrass.
Malam Buɗe Ido
Amma akwai banbancen ka’idoji.
Wasu wakilan Lepidoptera sun gwammace su bar mazauninsu ba tare da jiran yanayi mara kyau ba. Suna kawai tashi zuwa lokacin zafi. Mafi shahararrun "matafiya" sune mai hawan gwal da mai mulki.
Rationaura daga cikin mulmulalliyar mulmulalliyar ƙaƙƙarfan mulmula zuwa ƙarshen zamanin ƙarshe
Maƙubbai da mutane
Red Order Ribbon (Catocala nupta), Iyalin Scoop-Ribbon, Yuli, Ulyanovsk Photo Photo ta Olga Sytina
Lepidoptera, ko malam buɗe ido (Lepidotera) - Abubuwan kyawawan halittu wadanda koda mutane basa son kwari suna kula dasu da kyau. An yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa game da malam buɗe ido, amma a kowace shekara sukan sami damar koyon wani sabon abu daga rayuwarsu ko don bayyana sabon nau'in halitta. Saboda haka wannan labarin baiyi kama da takaitaccen bayani game da mahimman bayanai game da malam buɗe ido ba, zan dogara ne akan wasu bayanan daga rayuwarsu.
Maƙasudin Gwal da aka sani kusan nau'ikan 200,000, dukkansu suna cikin halayen kasancewar wasu gashi da aka keɓe a fuka-fuki - sikeli. Sau da yawa, yara suna tunanin cewa an rufe furannin furanni tare da fure na fure, kuma idan kun goge shi, to, yana da sauƙin yayyafa a saman sabon abu, alal misali, daga tushen furannin fure. Koyaya, wannan "pollen" - flakes. Idan an goge su kuma fikafikansu suna sawa, kwari masu rauni baza su iya tashi kuma ba zai rayu tsawon lokaci.
A lokacin ƙuruciya, mutane da yawa suna kama malam buɗe ido suna ƙoƙarin tattara su - wannan dabi'a ce ta al'ada ga ilimi, amma idan aka kashe malam buɗe ido kawai don nishaɗi, sai na tuno da sakin layi daga labarin: "A kan katako, katako mai daɗi da kula da koalas"
"Game da ko mutane na bukatar damuwa game da ceton kwari, Mids ya tuno da wani lamari da ya faru a ɗayan tashar filin. Lokacin da asu ya zauna a kan teburin da suke karin kumallo, ɗayan ma'aikaci ya ɗaga hannunsa don murɗa shi. Otherayan kuma ya yi nasarar kama hannunsa a cikin iska. "A lokacin ne za ku iya ƙirƙirar wani abu kamar ita," in ji shi, "to za ku iya kashe wannan."
Kwanan nan, na ga yarinya ta kama malam buɗe ido a cikin jirgin. Ta jefa ta a cikin wata kumbiya sannan ta tattake ta. Mama dai ba ta ce mata komai ba, ba su yi bayanin komai ba, kawai sai kawai suka yi shiru ...
Yawancin Lepidoptera suna da haɓakar proboscis sosai. Dukkanin malam buɗe ido ya samo asali ne daga lalatattun ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta wanda ke haɓaka ɗalibai. Wasu 'yan barkono suna ciyar da ciyawar fure, wasu kuma suna ciyar da tsirowar itace da ruwan tsiro, yayin da wasu basu damu da cin magaryar dabbobi da hawaye ba, har da laka don samin ƙarancin ma'adinan ma'adanin bayan dabbar ta haɗu.
M cewa har yanzu wanzu kumbura vampire. "Vampires" maza ne kawai na wasu ƙananan sifofi daga kwayoyin caliptra (Calyptra), da mata masu siyan itace sun gwammace ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Yawancin calipters suna zaune ne a cikin tsaunin Asia, inda suke shan jinin buffalo. A cikin labarin almara na kimiyya "Brood" daga tarin "Vampires: Anthology" Ramsey zannan Ya gaya mana game da dabaru na calyptra eustrigata (Calyptra eustrigata) - malam buɗe ido mai sanyin fata. Bai ƙirƙira shi ba - irin wannan malam buɗe ido yana sha da dare jinin buffalo a cikin mayukan Asiya. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa maza kawai suna shan jini - don haka suna samun abubuwa masu mahimmanci don haifuwa. An bayyana waɗannan ƙwayoyin haƙoran na dogon lokaci da suka wuce, saboda haka ba a bayyane dalilin da ya sa suka yanke shawarar yin abin mamaki ba, suna rubuce a cikin kafofin watsa labarai a 'yan watannin da suka gabata cewa an gano ƙwaƙwalwar tabar wiwi ta Vampire.
A cikin Primorye, kuma wani lokacin a cikin kewayen birni da yankin Leningrad, akwai malam buɗe ido caliptra basilica (Calyptra thalictri, kallon buɗe a cikin 1790!). Wannan baƙon abu ba ne. A wani lokaci, ba za ta iya shan jini kawai daga rauni na budewa ba, har ma ta soki fata tare da proboscis. Wadannan baƙin ƙarfe suna da wuya, a wasu wuraren har ma an jera su a cikin Littafin Layi. Wajibi ne a wuce fiye da dare ɗaya a cikin makiyaya ko a cikin gandun daji, jawo hankalin kwari zuwa ga haske da jira har calipra ya hau kan yatsa kuma ya soke fata tare da proboscis.Abin da na ji daga wannan abin mamaki - ban sani ba, amma masu gwajin sun ce ya yi kama da sikeli da allura mai zafi. Proboscis na mai karat yana da kaifi, tare da haƙoran haƙora a ƙarshen. Ciyar da jini a cikin dabbobi yana buƙatar sake fasalin zurfin dabbobi, kimiyyar lissafi, sabili da haka dogon juyin halitta, don haka kada ku ji tsoron “mutant” fata, waɗanda kwatsam wata rana suna sauri don shan jinin ɗan adam.
Tabarbare a ƙasa da ƙarƙashin ruwa
Maballin tsohuwar tsufa, 4 ga Agusta, Yankin Moscow, Hoto daga Nikolai Vladimirov
A gaban mutane, mafi mahimmancin ado na malam buɗe ido shine fuka-fuki. Godiya ce ga fuka-fukai masu launuka masu launuka iri-iri game da daskararre wadanda suka zama almara, ana daukar su matsayin mutum, ana nuna su a zane-zane da jarfa. Koyaya, akwai ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwayoyi marasa haske! Misali, mace tsohuwar antlers (Orgyia antiqua). Wannan malam buɗe ido ana kuma kiranta carpail. Da yawa burrels (dangi Lymantriidae) ba su ciyarwa, amma a rayuwa kawai suna cinye hannun jari da masara ta tara.
Quean tsoho burlap yana da aƙalla fuskokin fikafikan, amma farzana (Orgyia dubia) kuma wannan an hana shi. Juyawa cikin malam buɗe ido, mace ma ba ta fito daga kwandon shara. Tana kwance a can tana jiran maza. Isar da magidanta suka matse ta hanyar wani dan karamin rami a kwalin. Irin wannan mace mai kitse wacce ba za a iya mutuwa ba tana kirkiro ƙwai da yawa, kusan ɗari, kuma dukkansu an rufe su da kwandon shara. Don haka yanayi yana kula da zuriyar Piper nan gaba - za a sami yalwa da yawa, kuma garkuwa mai yawa ta kare su.
A cikin mujallar "Kimiyya da Rayuwa", memba na omoungiyar Masana ilimin dabi'a, masanin kimiyyar lissafi Vladimir Murzin sau ɗaya ya bayyana irin wannan harka da kwari farauta (Gynaephora selenophora). A cikin duwatsun Uzbekistan, ya sami kutsen adadin mata guda ɗaya ya sa a aljihunsa. Yayinda masanin dabi'ar ya isa tantin, sai ya kewaye shi da wasu kananan kudaje masu baƙar fata. Waɗannan duka mazaje ne. Sun yi ƙoƙarin shiga cikin aljihunan su kuma abokin aure tare da sababbin matan da ba su da kishi. Ta yaya suka samo su? Ƙanshi na pheromones, wanda ya kama gashinsu mai girma. Idan ka kalli kwari da maraice, zaka iya lura cewa wasu jijiyoyin suna kunkuntar, wasu kuma suna da fadi, kewaya. Waɗannan maza ne, kuma gashin-baki na gashin-baki na taimaka wa ƙanshin mace daga nesa.
Abin sha'awa shine, wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin buɗe ido ba wai mahaifiyar mata kawai ba, har ma da jiragen ruwa na jirgin ruwa. Matan mara-waya wuta karkashin ruwa (Acentropus niveus) nutsar da shi.
Wadannan 'yan kananan kuli-kuli daga dangin kwari (Pyralidae) suna zaune a Turai. Caterpillars suna ciyar da ganyayyakin ruwa na kwari na ƙahon tsam (Ceratophyllum) da kwaro (Potamogeton). Wasu masu binciken sun ba da shawarar cewa, mazan da ke da fikafikan dole ne su nutse bayan mace a cikin tafkin. Sosai soyayya suke kauda kai, suna neman azabarsu. Lallai, ba kamar mata ba ne, mazajen ba su daidaita da rayuwa mai ruwa. A kowane hali, rayuwar ɓarnatuwa na wannan nau'in gajere ne - kwana ɗaya ko biyu, amma mahaukatan sun ɗauki dogon hunturu a cikin tafkunan.
A wuraren da aka samo furannin ruwan furen lilin (Nymphaea alba), zaku iya samun sabon malan buɗe ido - ruwa Lily (Hydrocampa nymphaeata). Manyan dabbobin na wannan nau'in suna gina wa kansu mafaka daga ganyayyaki, suna cika su da kumfa. Katako a ko'ina suna ɗaukar irin wannan jakar iska tare da su. Wani katako yana da tushe a cikin jaka guda. Malam buɗe ido wanda ya shigo duniya (duka halittar ƙirar ruwa mai siffar kamannin ruwa) yana iyo a ƙasa kamar ruwa. Bayan ya bushe a cikin ganyen farko, malam buɗe ido ya bushe. Yana da wuya a yi nazarin kwari kwari, saboda haka babu bayanai masu yawa game da su. Yawancin lokaci don lura, an sanya matattarar a cikin akwatin kifaye, wanda aka sanya a kusa da tebur - don saka idanu a cikin caterpillars kowace rana.
Kiwon Butututtukan Bala'i
Asu na kwakwa, kwararo, 11 ga Mayu, yankin Moscow. Hoto daga Olga Kuvykina
Ciyawar ciyawar kwakwa, malam buɗe ido, mace Yuli 21, Yankin Moscow
Dole ne a ɗauki masarautar da aka samo tare da tsire-tsire mai ciyarwa - a matsayin mai mulkin, wannan itace itaciya ko fure wanda kansar ta zauna. Amma idan an samo caterpillar, ka ce, a hanya? Zai fi kyau a gwada ƙayyar bayyanarsa ta amfani da littafi ko kuma taron tattaunawa, to zai zama bayyananne ga abin da yake ci.Bayan haka, kowane nau'in na mata ya fi son abinci takamaiman abinci. Wasu, duk da haka, suna da yawa, alal misali, guntun dabbobin wasu 'yan suttura suna cin duk abin da ya biyo baya - daga inuwa na cloves zuwa ganye.
Dole a rufe kogon tulu ko tulu tare da mashin, tare da murɗa ko murfi tare da kofofin samun iska, in ba haka ba dabbar zata shafa. Labari mai karantarwa ya same ni a lokacin bazara. Na fice daga yanayin da niyyar in farantawa kaina rai da ilimi giya shred (Deilephila elpenor - deilefila elpenor) daga cikin masassarar.
A ƙarshen Yuli, na samu a cikin gandun daji kusa da gidan babban matafila a kan itacen shayi (Chamaenerion angustifolium - ƙuntataccen-leaved fireweed). Ban yi yunƙurin ɗaukar caterpillar tare da ni ba. Gaskiyar ita ce a lokacin bazara ƙarni na biyu ba koyaushe yana da waɗannan shaho ba, amma a cikin shekaru masu kyau. In ba haka ba, yar tsana dole ne a adana duk hunturu a cikin firiji tsakanin kayan lambu, akai-akai mai moss-sphagnum. Wata matsalar ita ce, mahaukacin mawaƙa suna ɓoye a gaban ganye kafin ɗalibai. Mako guda baya, na sake yawo a wuri guda, na sake ganin kunar, kuma wannan karon ba zan iya yin tsayayya ba, na ɗauke shi tare da ni. A cikin kwanakin farko na farko, sai garin matafila ya dandana ganyen Ivan-shayi - ya tsaya a cikin tukunyar da aka rufe da adiko na goge baki don kada garin ya nitse. Daga saman wannan duka an rufe shi da saƙar sauro, daga ƙasa da nauyi za a matse su.
A rana ta uku, masarautar ta daina cin abinci kuma ta fara gudu a cikin da'ira a kusa da keji - ya kusan zuwa dalibi. Don wasu dalilai, ba ta son ƙasa da sphagnum, wanda na sa a cikin tukunya. A rana ta huɗu, ta tsere. Ba zan iya tunanin inda ƙarfin murfin ya fito ba - yana sarrafa motsi. Maballin ya yi girma, girman yatsan yatsa, amma har yanzu ya ɓoye wani wuri saboda ban same shi a baranda ba.
Na bincike duk tukwane da ƙasa, duk fakitin - babu shi kuma wannan ke! Ko dai ta tsalle daga baranda ta sauka a kan furannin, ko kuma ta ɓoye ta yadda za a iya ganinta kawai bayan haihuwar malam buɗe ido. Sauran masu shayarwa ma sun sami kararraki - mahaukaciyar tana ɓoyewa, kuma bayan wata guda sai ga wasu fuka-fuki a ƙarƙashin rufin. Idan malam buɗe ido, bayan da ya fito daga chrysalis, bai sami tallafin da ya dace ba (twig, labule), fikafikan zai bazu kuma yana gurguwa. Sabili da haka, lokacin da ake ɗinka kwalliyar yana da matukar muhimmanci a sanya sanduna a cikin kwalbar. Lokacin da malam buɗe ido ya fito daga pupa, fikafikansa suna kama da berayen da aka rataye a jikin firam - veins. A hankali, fikafikan sun sami ƙarfi da buɗewa.
Daga baya, na fi sa'ar kiwon kiwon dabbobi. Da fari dai, na sami wani ɗan littafin buɗe ido mai wuya saturnia pavonia (karamin tsuntsun peacock na dare - Saturnia pavonia) kuma ta kawo ta gidanta. An bada shawara don adana kwandon kwalliya mai siffar pear a cikin saturnia, mai wuya kamar dutse, duk hunturu akan baranda-a cikin baranda ko a cikin firiji akan ƙananan shiryayye a cikin akwati tare da yashi da sphagnum. Wani lokaci yashi yana buƙatar taushi. A ƙarshen Afrilu, mun sanya akwati a cikin ɗakin a kan windowsill mai dumi (amma ba ƙarƙashin zafin rana ba!), Sanya ɓoyayyen ciki kuma jira lokacin haihuwar babban malam buɗe ido. Gaskiya ne, ƙwararrun yara kwari ko mahaya sukan fito ne daga koko a maimakon shanu. Ba da daɗewa ba, taron mutane na kayan zaki masu launin shuɗi sun ɓoye daga ƙwayar nymphalidae.
Mazan da suka hau mahaifa suna soran ajuya da sanya ƙwai a jikinsu, da kuma shinge suna manne ƙwai a saman, kuma suna ɗaure sosai har ba zaku iya cire su da allura. Hanya daga qwai, larvae yana ciyar da kyallen takarda mai narkewa ba tare da lalata tsarin mai juyayi ba. Kuma tun kafin karatun, sun isa kwakwalwa, kuma malam buɗe ido na nan gaba ya mutu.
Abu na biyu, Na samo mai yawa kaka pupae girkin girki (Scoliopteryx libatrix). Waɗannan su ne kyawawan ɗamarar hoto tare da fuka-fukan da aka zubasu da wani irin yanayin tabo. 22 ga Satumba, Na iske baƙar fata pupae a cikin willow bushes, kuma an sami irin wannan pupa akan nettles. Ba na so in wahala tare da ajiyar hunturu na pupae, don haka da farko ban taɓa su ba. Koyaya, nan da nan na gano cewa waɗannan su ne pupae na diba. Wannan nau'in halittu ne da ba kasafai ake ganin yankin Moscow ba kuma ɗayan thsan kwari ne na hunturu a matakin manya (kwari mai girma).Wato, ni pupa ba zai kasance hunturu kwata-kwata ba, amma malam buɗe ido zaiyi hunturu.
Da na koma wurin willow ɗin, sai na bincika dukkan ƙwayar cicsalis kuma na zaɓi wanda ya harba lokacin taɓawa. Sauran ba su motsa ba. Na dauke shi da twig. Na sa twig a cikin gilashi, na rufe shi da mage, na ja shi da maɗaurin roba, in sa a cikin ɗaki mai dumi a kan windowsill. Wani lokacin dan kadan moistened cikin iska tare da ruwa fesa.
Bayan wani lokaci, sai gawar ta fara bayyana a cikin pupa. A farkon Oktoba, an riga an fara ganin kafaffun kafafun kafaffun kafa da eriya. A ranar 5 ga Oktoba maraice, na dawo gida, na duba banki kuma minti ɗaya na manta komai - tana zaune a can, kyakkyawar malam buɗe ido! Abin tausayi, ta tashi yayin da ba na gida, kuma ba zan iya lura da wannan tsari mai ban sha'awa ba. Bayan haka, malam buɗe ido ya ɗauki awoyi da yawa don yada fuka-fukan su. Da farko, “kututturewa” suka bayyana, amma sannu a hankali suna mikewa, kamar dai shimfidawa a kan firam ta hanyar jijiyoyi.
Idan kun sami koko mai santsi, yi hankali da su, dauke su da suturar hannu, ba da hannayenka ba. Kwanan nan na sami babban kwandon kwalliya a kan bishiya, na yanke shawarar in gani ko chrysalis na nan a raye, ko yana da kyau mu ɗauki akwatinan gida. A hankali ya buɗe akwati daga bisa, kuma da dama ƙananan baƙi masu ɗorawa suka shiga zurfafa fata da yatsunsu! Ba zan iya cire su ba, kuma sama da mako guda yatsana yatsu.
Bayani game da daukar hoto Lepidoptera
Uwar Pearl Aglaya, 17 ga Agusta, Yankin Moscow. Hoto daga Olga Kuvykina
Tabbas, ya fi kyau a harba buɗaɗɗun ganye a kan furanni - wannan duka abu ne na halitta da kyau. Amma idan iska mai ƙarfi ta ragargaza inflorescences zuwa ƙasa kuma ba shi yiwuwa a mayar da hankali? A wannan yanayin, Ina da masaniyar kaina - ina ɗaukar kwalabe tare da bayani na zuma a cikin aljihu. Na tsoma yatsana, na kawo wa malam buɗe ido - ta motsa a kai. Babban abu shine kusantar da hankali don kada inuwa ta fadi. Hakanan kuna buƙatar ɗaukar shayarwa tare da kai, in ba haka ba kawai hannayenku zasu zama m da ewa ba.
Murna kuma wasu ƙwararrun marubuta suna an cakuda shi da cakuda mai dadi - zuma da giya mai rai (ko yisti) ana saka su cikin sa'o'i 24 a cikin gwangwani, sannan a shafa a kan masana'anta (wani ɗan burlap ya fi kyau) kuma a nannade wannan masana'anta a kusa da akwati na itacen ko a dakatar da shi a kan reshe. Yawancin kwalaben daddare (abincin dare, diba, saturn) za'a iya daukar hoto idan kun sa su cikin haske da dare. Don yin wannan, cikin maraice masu dumi a bayan fitila mai ƙarfi (kwan fitila mai ɗimbin injin ɗumbin giwa ya fi kyau) a nesa da 50-100 cm daga ita sai a jawo farin takarda wanda kananzir ɗin zai zauna. Yana da kyau a sanya farin takarda (takardar) a ƙasa a ƙarƙashin fitilar - mai haskakawa. An sanya fitilar a tsayin mitar 1-1.5. Kada ku kalli fitilar - yana cutarwa ga idanu.
Wani lokacin ƙwanƙwannin wutsiyoyi masu ban sha'awa suna tashi kai tsaye zuwa cikin gida da dare - yana da kyau mafi kyawun haske don kunna haske da buɗe windows da yawa. A wannan bazara wani namiji ya tashi don ya ziyarce ni cocoonworm ganye (Euthrix potatoria, malam buɗe ido mai kama da fuka-fuka mai launin fari) da karamin tassel (Clostera pigra, malam buɗe ido tare da tassels a ƙarshen ciki). Don sakin malam buɗe ido a kan titi bayan zaman hoto, ya fi kyau ku fitar da shi cikin farfajiyar, kada ku bar shi ta taga, in ba haka ba kuma zai sake fashewa a cikin ɗakin. Haske ba tare da izini ba ya zama kwari.
Da yawa suna mamakin inda na samo fatalwa da yawa don daukar hoto. Suna ko'ina, amma suna ƙanana kaɗan da kwantar da hankali. Kuna buƙatar yin tafiya a hankali cikin daji kuma ku bincika kowane ganye daga sama da ƙasa, akan bishiya da ƙarƙashin ƙafarku, don ganin wani abu. A mummunan yanayi ko a cikin matsanancin zafi mai zafi a ɓoye.
Halaye da mazaunin Lycaenidae
Lyubyanka (Latin Lycaenidae) shine dangi na biyu da suka fi yawa a duniya, yana da kusan nau'ikan dubu biyar kuma yana da kusan kashi talatin na nau'ikan da aka sani yau a kimiyyance. Wannan mu'ujiza za a iya haɗuwa kusan a duk faɗin duniya, amma mafi yawan lokuta a cikin tsaunuka.
Ta hanyar bincika hoto na polyommatus, mutum zai iya bayyana fasalinsa na waje, kamar girma da launi. Wannan malam buɗe ido, a cikin fikafikai, da wuya ya kai sama da santimita huɗu, in ban da wasu nau'ikan wurare masu zafi, waɗanda suka kai santimita shida.
Polygonum sun karbi sunanta kai tsaye saboda launinta, wanda ke da launin shuɗi ko mai haske, mafi saurin sune polygonidae mai launin ja da launin shuɗi.
Kamar sauran halittu da yawa, suna da irin wannan dabi'a kamar dimorphism, wato, bambance-bambance na waje wanda ya dogara da jinsi. Specificallyari musamman, a cikin lycaenidae, dimorphism yana bayyana kanta daidai da launi, maza yawanci suna da haske fiye da mace!
Mutane da suka manyanta suna da kafafu shida, a cikin maza da yawa na gaba biyu ba su da ci gaba. Jikin Shaggy, ya hada da kai da idanu, lokaci-lokaci. Akwai wasu antennae da gajeren wando.
A cikin Labaren Lycaenidae yana zaune kusa da tsire-tsire masu gina jiki, a gefuna daji, kusa da koguna da koguna waɗanda aka rufe da ciyayi mai yawa. Ba su da sha'awar yin nasara da nisa, don haka wataƙila ba za su bar wani yanki na ƙasar gaba ɗaya rayuwarsu ba.
Bayanin waje na malam buɗe ido
Lokacin da aka buɗe ganye-malam buɗe ido, alamunta kusan za a iya bambanta su da busasshen ganye.
Abin godiya ne ga wannan kamanceceniya da cewa sunan sananniyar halittar - ganyen ganye - ya bayyana. Littafin ganye ne na ganye-ganye (callima) shine watakila mafi kyawun misalin misalin kwaikwayo a cikin halitta.
Littafin buɗe ido na ganye yana kama da busasshen ganye wanda har ma da ƙwararren masani masani ne ga wannan kwaro, yana buga reshe inda wannan kwaro yake zaune, kuma da sanin cewa ya zauna a can, ba zai iya bambance shi nan da nan ba. Tsarin, launi, inuwa da kuma jijiyoyin fikafikan Kalima gaba daya, a cikin mafi kankanin bayanai kan kwayar da busasshiyar ganye.
Ganyen malam buɗe ido (Kallima inachus).
Abin mamaki, har ma da gefuna fikafikan ganye na malam buɗe ido da tsage, ya zama kamar ya bushe. Koyaya, kamannin da busasshen ganye bai ƙare da wannan ba: don samun iyakar kama ga busasshen ganyen potassium, yana ninka fikafikan sa ta hanyar da fuka-fukan hutu su huta da gajerun hancinsu a wani reshe, kamar dai a farfajiyar petiole ne.
Dangane da fuka-fukan cikin fikafikan waɗannan gwanayen rikicewa, yana da launi mai laushi mai shuɗi ko launin shuɗi mai haske. Ganyayyu masu saukar ungulu suna tashi da sauri kuma, godiya ga wannan takamaiman launi, sun zama kyawawan abubuwa kuma masu sananne yayin jirgin.
Kyakkyawan ganyen malam buɗe ido an haɗa shi da babban rawaya mai rawaya ko orange wanda ke kan fuka-fukan gaba. Wasu 'yan kwayayen birrai suna da ma fiɗa fari tare da fararen fata a bayyane a fili akan asalin baƙar fata.
Fuka-fukan ganye na malam buɗe ido a sama suna masu launin haske, kuma a ciki suna kama da busasshen ganye.
Gaskiya Labari Mai Ban sha'awa
- Shin malam buɗe ido yana da haɗari ga mutane? A'a, amma akwai togiya, wannan shine malam buɗe ido na Sabnian. Gaskiya ba ƙarancin buɗe ido ba ce, amma sanƙararrenta wanda ke sakin gubobi mai guba wanda zai iya kashe mutane. (An yi sa'a, irin waɗannan nau'ikan burodi da daskararru ba sa rayuwa a cikin ɗakunanmu).
- Buƙatar masarauta mai jujjuya masarauta ta gaskiya babban gwarzo ne na jimiri, yana da ikon tashi nesa nesa da 1000 a lokaci guda, yayin da ba ma tsayawa don hutawa.
- Idan malam buɗe ido sarki gwarzo ne na jimiri, to asu brazhniki sune masu riƙe rikodin kwari a duniya da sauri, zasu iya kaiwa zuwa 60 kilomita a kowace awa a ɗan gajeren nesa.
- Maƙasudin balaguro ba sa barci da dare ko rana, tun da yake ba su buƙatar mafarki.
Menene kamus ɗin lemongrass yayi kama?
Namijin gama gari na gama gari, ko buckthorn (Gonepteryx rhamni).
Mafi yawancin nau'ikan halittar dan adam daga nau'in lemongrass shine lemongrass na kowa, shima shine buckthorn (Gonepteryx rhamni). Dukkanin wakilan 'yan halittar ana rarrabe su da launi halayyar: madaidaicin launin rawaya mai fikafikai. Koyaya, maza ne kawai na barkono zasu iya yin alfahari da irin wannan fara'a, wani lokacin, fikafikansu sun isa sautin orange mai haske. Amma ga lemongrass na mace, launinsu mai haske ne kore, wani lokacin ma fari.
Wani bambanci na lemongrass shine ƙananan tsummoki wanda za'a iya gani a tsakiyar kowane reshe na malam buɗe ido. Lokacin da kwaro ya shimfida fikafikan sa, fikafikan sa ya kai santimita 3 zuwa 6.
Siffar Kayan Bil Adama da Habitat
Sarkin ya yi tafiya mai nisa don tashi zuwa ƙasashe masu ɗumi a lokacin sanyi.Ofaya daga cikin fasalin kwari shine rashin haƙuri ga lokacin sanyi, abincin da ake cinyewa baya girma lokacin hunturu a cikin ƙasashen haihuwa.
Wani malam buɗe ido na sarauta daga asalin Danaid, wanda yake na dangin nymphalid. Tun daga farkon tarihi, halittar Danaid sun kasu kashi uku, wadanda aka manta dasu a wannan zamanin namu, kuma a yau duk wukake guda 12 na mallakar halittar guda ne. Dangane da wannan, kwatancen dodo ga dutsen yana wasu lokuta daban.
Fuka-fuki a cikin faɗaɗa na malam buɗe ido suna da yawa (santimita 8). Amma ba wai kawai girman yana da mamaki ba, amma tsarin reshe, wanda ke da sel miliyan 1.5, yana da ban sha'awa, akwai kumfa a cikinsu.
Launin fuka-fukai sun bambanta, amma launuka masu launin ruwan-ƙasa sun fi sauran ƙarfi, suna cike da adadi da yawa. Akwai alamu da aka fenti da rawaya rawaya, kuma tukwicin gaba na fikafikai masu alama da alamu mai launi, gefuna fikafikan an kewaye shi da zane mai baƙar fata. Abilar maƙuyoyi ta bambanta da maza a cikin duhu mai fiɗa da fikafikai.
Arewacin Amurka yana da adadi mafi yawa na waɗannan kyawawan kwari. Amma saboda ƙaura na baƙin ƙarfe, ana iya samun sarakuna a cikin Afirka da Australia, Sweden da Spain. A ƙarni na 19, an lura da bayyanar kwari a cikin New Zealand. Maƙasudin balaguro ya ziyarci Turai a Madina da Canaries; ƙwallan ma ya sami nasarar ƙaura zuwa Rasha.
Ganin yadda jirgin 'yan kanda ke tashi, masana sun lura cewa a watan Agusta sun bar Arewacin Amurka da tafiya kudu. Ana aiwatar da jirgin a cikin ginshiƙai, ana kiransu "girgije".
A cikin hoto, ƙaura na marubuta na mulkoki zuwa ƙasashe masu ɗumi
Idan mazaunin sarki yana kusa da arewa, to farawa zai fara ne daga bazara. Matar da ke cikin matsakaici ta yi ƙaura tare da sauran, ba ta sa ƙwai ba, amma tana riƙe su a kanta yayin jirgin, kuma za ta zauna ne a wani sabon wuri, ta ba su. A Meksiko, an kirkiro Tsarin Mariposa Manarca na namomin jeji, kuma ba kawai wurin da malam buɗe ido ke zaune ba.
Habitat da yanayi mai kyau
Waɗannan halittu masu haske da kyawawan halaye sune mazaunan Eurasia. Su ne daga Spain zuwa kan iyakokin Japan
. Yawancinsu suna zaune ne a Jamus kuma a wannan ƙasa a shekara ta 2009 an san buɗe ido na malam buɗe ido a matsayin ƙwallon ƙafa na shekara. Mafi kyawun mazaunin waɗannan halittu shine sarari. Suna jin daɗin jin daɗi yayin fantsama a yankin:
Ana iya ganin su sau da yawa a cikin wuraren shakatawa, murabba'ai da lambuna. Ga rayuwa ta al'ada da ci gaba
suna buƙatar danshi mai ba da rai da sarari. Irin wannan wuri kamar hamada ko dazuzzuka masu yawa ba su dace da su ba, haka kuma saboda yanayin sanyi ba za su iya zama a cikin tundralar polar ba. Ba za a iya ganin su a kan tsibirin Crete da kuma arewacin arewacin Afirka ba.
Haraji
Hoto na Willow Pox (Leucoma salicis), namiji. Hoton Dean Horned
Karatu a hankali kuturta - daga kuturta na helenanci (patrimonial. Case. Lepidos) - sikeli, pteron - reshe, da tambari - kimiyya, koyarwa.
Kuna iya samun rikicewar rikice-rikice a cikin tsarin tsari, saboda canje-canje suna faruwa koyaushe - ko dai an rarraba nau'ikan nymphalids zuwa ƙananan sassa daban-daban, sannan an raba nau'ikan daban daban na ƙananan ƙasashe.
Ga jerin manyan iyalan manyan malam buɗe ido (ba tare da Lepidoptera ba):
• Thinworms (Hepialidae) • Lipusids (Lypusidae) • Scabbers (Psychidae) • slugs (Limacodidae) • Speckled (Zygaenidae) • Gilashin kifi (Sesiidae) • Woodworms (Cossidae) • Coco-gizo gizo (Lasiocampidae) • Saturnia, peacock-eye (Satniidae) • Birch silkworms, ko silkworms (Endromidae) • Brazhniki (Sphingidae) • Shugaban kanannan (Hesperiidae) • Sailboats (Papilionidae) • Belyanki (Lycaenameidaidaidae) • Lycaenidae ), Heliconiinae subfamily, Heliconiinae subfamily, Limenitinae subfamily, Migrate subfamily (Apaturinae), subfamily nymphalidae (Nymphalinae) • Dam selfly (Drepanidae) • Urania (Uraniidae) • Moths (Geometridae) • Corydalis (Notodontidae) • Erebids, Timbers (Erebidae): Subfamily Roachworms (Lymantriidae, Lamantriidae Lam), subweed Herminiinae), Subfamily Usatki (Hypeninae), subfamily Order ribbons (Erebinae) • Nolides, dwarf silkworms (Nolidae) • Scoops (Noctuidae): subfamily Arrows (Acronictinae), subfamily Hoodweed (Cucullieneinae, Sem, Noctuinae)
Bambancin malam buɗe ido
Birch na silkworm, namiji. Yankin Moscow, 4 ga Mayu. Hoto daga Nikolay Vladimirov
Ba shi yiwuwa a nuna dukkan nau'ikan nau'ikan bolaji 200,000 a cikin labarin daya. Ina so kawai in gabatar da su bambancin ra'ayi - akwai kayan kamshi da ke kama da wasps, ƙattai, dwarfs, kyakkyawa mai haske da launin toka mai kyau "mice".
Abubuwan da ke tattare da malam buɗe ido suna da launuka iri-iri kuma sunada ƙyan hoto game da masu daukar hoto na macro - akwai wasu matanda suka yi kama da macizai, kamar 'ya' ya 'yan kwalliya, kamar kayan adon gashi da zaren gilashi. Ga waɗanda suke son ganin ƙarin dusar ƙanƙara, ana bayar da hanyoyin haɗin da ke sama.
Sunaye na Rasha da latin | Take a Turanci da hoto | Bayanai |
Iyali Farkon haƙar haƙoran haƙora (Micropterigidae) | ||
Iyali Leaflet (Tortricidae) | ||
Iyali Wuta ta gaske (Pyralidae) | ||
Iyali Kyaftin (Hepialidae) | ||
Iyali Raƙuman ruwa (Lymantriidae) | ||
Iyali Corydalis (Notodontidae) | ||
Iyali Yatsun kafa (Pterophoridae) | ||
Iyali Scoops (Noctuidae) |