Gopher dabbobi ne masu ban dariya na dan 'squirrel, squreyrel detachment, wanda ke jagorantar hanyar rayuwa ta mulkin mallaka. A duk faɗin duniya akwai nau'ikan wannan dabba sama da 40. Yankunan yanki na Rasha suna zaune a cikin 10 na nau'ikan filaye, wasu daga cikinsu ana jera su a cikin littafin Red, wasu kuma (alal misali, karamin gopher), akasin haka, an lalace.

Duk da bayyanar mara laifi da ƙaramin girman, govers na iya zama bala'i na gaske ga aikin gona: tsayawa kusa da filin, dabbobi suna cin amfanin gonaki da amfanin gona, kamar shukoki, suna keta tsarin tushen tsirrai, sannan kuma suna ɗaukar cututtuka masu haɗari.

Gorori: halayyar jinsin

Tsawon jikin ɗan go goge ya kai 20-25 cm (musamman maɗaukaki masu girma sun kai 40 cm), nauyi - daga gram 200 zuwa 1500. A lokaci guda, maza kusan kullum sun ninka biyu sun fi girma da girma fiye da na mace.

Launi na Jawo ya dogara da mazaunin wuri kuma yana iya bambanta sosai: daga launin kore-kore, zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko launin toka. A lokacin rani, gashin gashi na dabba yana da wuya kuma gajarta, ta hunturu ya zama ya fi tsayi kuma ya sami taushi.

Shugaban gopher yana da sikandire wanda yake da daɗewa, "kogi". Aramin, baƙon da ba zai yiwu ba, kunnuwa marasa lafiya suna matse su ga shugaban. Idanun gopher ƙanƙane, amma sun furta glandar lacrimal, waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga tsabtace idanun daga ɓoyayyun ƙura da datti da aka tara lokacin haƙa.

Manyan manyan kunnun kunnuwa an tsara su don jigilar kayan abinci zuwa burrows.

Masu gogewa suna da hangen nesa kaɗan: a sararin samaniya suna jagorar su. Dogon tsayi, wani lokacin daidai yake da jikin ƙoshin sa, wutsiya tana da matukar damuwa. Gopher na bugun bangon bangon da ke karkashinsa, yana tafiya da baya. Aiki mai mahimmanci iri ɗaya na wutsiyar squirrel shine tsari na zazzabi: yana iya ɗaukar hoto a cikin sanyi kuma amfani dashi azaman "laima" a cikin zafi.

Shortan gajeren wando suna sanye da kyawawan manyan fafaffan shimfiɗa waɗanda aka tsara don haƙa abubuwan ƙasa. Domin kada ya haɗiye ƙasa cikin aiwatar da tono, tsarin haƙori na gopher yana da tsari na musamman.

Masarautan makiyaya suna sadarwa a cikin “harshe” na musamman da yayi kama da na iske ko sose. Tare da shi, suna watsa mahimman bayanai: game da wurin da abinci yake, kusancin haɗari, da sauransu.

Matsakaicin rayuwar mai gopher shine shekaru 2-3: a cikin bauta zasu iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 5.

Habitat

Maballin filaye yankuna suna zaune a wurare masu tsauri yanayin yanayi. Kuna iya haɗuwa da su a cikin yankin steppe, daji-tundra, gandun daji-steppe. A lokaci guda, jimiri na dabi'a yana ba su damar rayuwa har ma a yanayin hamada da kuma a tsaunukan tuddai.

Mafi sau da yawa, yankunan gopher mazauna wuraren bude fili: karkatar makiyaya da filaye. Masu kula da jahiliyya basa jin tsoron zauna kusa da mutane ko dai: suna kewaye da keɓaɓɓen gidajen gonaki na manoma, wuraren da gidajen jama'a da kuma lambuna.

Dabba tana jagorantar tsarin rayuwa na ƙasa, yana haƙa ƙwanƙwasa tsayi daban-daban kaɗai. A cikin yumbu, tsawon tafiyar rakiyan karkashin kasa yawanci shine mita 6-8, a cikin yashi zai iya kaiwa mita 16. Labyrinth na motsawa na iya yin kwanciya koda a ruwa.

A cikin amintaccen yanki na rafukan karkashin kasa, makiyayin ya tanadi kansa da gida, inda yake rufe shi da ciyawa da ganyayyaki. Kafin shiga gidan mazaunin gopher, mutum zai iya lura da sifar halayyar ko yashi. Suna da kamannin abubuwa masu kama da kwayar halitta, duk da haka, yayin da ruɓar ramin ƙwayar ta yi kama da dutsen mai wuta, waɗannan tsiron sun fi kama da dawakai.

Entungiyar Rodent ƙungiya ce ta 25-30 masu amfani. Tare suna yin babban adadin jama'a. Mai kula da tumaki ya zaɓi ya zauna tare: aƙalla 2 rodents zauna a cikin rami ɗaya (banda mahaifiyar ce tare da san ta). A lokaci guda, ƙofofin zuwa ramin kowane ɗayan mutane suna kusa, saboda idan akwai haɗari akwai yuwu ka iya taimakon taimakon juna.

Distinwararren fasalin masu zane-zane: suna hibernate ba kawai a cikin hunturu ba har ma a lokacin rani. Dalilin wannan hutu "na ban mamaki" na iya zama rashin abinci da matsanancin fari. Hibernation ya bambanta da yanayin yanayi da kuma wurin zama. A cikin latitude kudu, tsawon lokacin bacci yai guntu fiye da na yankuna na arewacin.

Me masu go goge suke ci da yadda zai cutar da aikin gona

Abincin ƙasa na squirrel ya dogara ne da mazauninsa kai tsaye: yana da yawan ci kuma yana iya cin ire-iren tsire-tsire iri iri waɗanda ke halayyar mazauna da kuma kakar.

Dabbobi suna ciyar da sassan ƙasa da ƙarƙashin ƙasa na albarkatu iri iri:

• Wormwood, Clover, ciyawa,
• Melons da Legrip: rodents,
• Furannin furanni: cin younga youngan matasa masu deca shootsan harbe, malala a gaba ɗaya sun lalata amfanin gona gaba ɗaya, domin babu abin da zai yi tsiro akan ragowar bushewar bushe,
• Masara,
• Bulbous tsire-tsire: tulips,
• Cereals: hatsi, gero, alkama, hatsin rai,
• Acorns.

Tabarau da gonar ba su kewaye da hankalinsu: suna ɗokin jin daɗin samarin kananan tsire-tsire na bishiyoyi 'ya'yan itace: peaches, apricot.

Idan ya cancanta, masu fasaha suna iya cin abincin dabbobi: qwai na tsuntsayen da suka fadi daga sheƙansu ko kuma a cikin mazaunan ƙasar, insects ananan kwari da larvae, fari, ƙwallaye, kwari.

Ana nan kusa da manyan hanyoyin abinci, waɗannan kwari suna lalata lalacewar gona:

• Harkar rami a karkashin ciyawa, ciyawa ya keta tsarin tushen su. Bugu da kari, kasan da aka jefa akan farfajiya yana sanya wahalar tsabtace ciyawa,
• A kusa da ramuka sun bayyana “m faci” wanda aka lalata amfanin gona kusan gaba ɗaya,
• Gophers kuma suna cutar da harbe-harben matasa. Samun amfanin gona na alkama matasa, suna ciwan tsire-tsire a cikin ƙananan ƙananan kuma suna shayar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai ɗaci. Bayan ciyar da mambobi 20-30 na masarautar, filin 1 hectare ya rage rabin "bare".
• A kan belts na gandun daji, rodents sun haɗiye suna cin sabon tsaba na kayan shuka, ƙananan seedlings.

Dangane da wasu ƙididdigar, gopher ɗaya zai iya ci / ajiyar kimanin kilo 4 na kayan masara a kowace rami a lokacin. Idan yawan jama'a zai kasance mutum 10/1 ha na filin, to asarar hatsi da hectare zai zama 40 kg.

Yawancin gopher da ke yaduwa na cikin haɗarin annoba. Su jigilar cututtuka ne masu haɗarin gaske, musamman brucellosis, annoba, tularemia. Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa ta hanyar saduwa kai tsaye, haka kuma ta hanyar fleas. Abin da ya sa kwaro ya zama tushen ayyukan samar da lalata, ana samun ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da su anan.