Sviyaz ƙaramin duck, ana rarraba shi musamman a arewacin arewacin ƙasarmu. A cikin lokacin mating, ƙawancin yana da kyakkyawan launin toka mai launi mai kyau. Shugaban da wuya suna launin ruwan kasa mai ruwan hoda da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. A saman sashin kai yana da fari, goiter hue ce mai ruwan-hoda mai haske. Jikin jikin mara nauyi ne.
Matar tana da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi tare da duhu mai duhu. Drake yana da fararen fuka-fukai a fuka-fukan kuma yana da rarrabe a sarari. Ya bambanta da mace a cikin madubi mai haske mai haske, wanda aka kiyaye shi a cikin dukkan riguna. Beak da kafafu suna da launin toka. Drake yana saɗaɗisu da ƙarfi, mace - ƙaƙƙarfan peculiar mai kaifi.
Girma: drake reshe 255-270, mace 232-268 mm. Nauyin namiji a lokacin bazara shine 400-800, kuma mace ita ce 450-780 g .. A cikin iyakokin adadin yalwatacce, an rarraba kaza ba bisa ka'ida ba. Sviyaz na kusa da Murman, a cikin tundra na Timan, a cikin bakin Pechora da manyan kogunan Siberiya, Lena, Kolyma da Anadyr, suma suna faruwa a Kamchatka. A tsakiyar yankin Turai, wani ɓangare na Unionungiyar, yana da wuya, a cikin adadi mai yawa yana sauka a kan kogin. Ural da Semipalatinsk, a cikin Baikal da Transbaikalia da gaba a gabas zuwa Sakhalin ta Arewa.
Zuwan lokacin bazara na girka fasko ya faru a lokacin bayyanar sauran nau'ikan duck a watan Afrilu da Mayu, kuma a cikin watan Yuni mai nisa. A kan jirgin na wigs, mutum na iya gane koyaushe ta sigar halayya. A cikin lokacin mating, drakes, kula da mata, kwarara. A wannan yanayin, namiji ya ɗora gashin fuka-fukan a kai da a gefunan, ya lanƙwasa wuya da kukan.
Smeared kamar sauran ducks sau biyu. An lura da ɗumbin tarin kuɗi, har zuwa dabbobi 300- 300, a tafkunan Naurzum a watan Yuli, da kuma a kann magudan ruwa a cikin matattarar Baraba, a kan kogin. Ob da Anadyr.
A lokacin bazara, karnukan kyarkeci a cikin yankin Turai na Rasha da Urals suna tashi don hunturu zuwa Denmark, Holland, da Tsibirin Burtaniya, daga inda ɓangarorin duwatsun suka gangara zuwa kudu. Sviyazi daga Yammacin Siberiya, yankin Irkutsk da kuma lokacin hunturu na Kazakhstan a Tekun Caspian, Tekun Azov da Rum. Partangare na duwatsun Siberian sun tashi kai tsaye zuwa kudu zuwa Indiya.
Sviyazi tana ciyar da ganye da kuma tsiro na tsire-tsire masu ruwa zuwa mafi girma daga wasu nau'in duck. Hakanan kuma suna tausayawa, sukan ziyarci bishiyoyin berry - shudi, da dai sauransu a cikin taiga .. A wuraren da suke yin hunturu suna ciyar da iri kuma sun ziyarci filayen shinkafa.
Menene wannan duck
Dangane da rarrabuwar kawunan dabbobi, Carl Linnaeus ya kasance daga dangin ducks (Anatidae) na Anseriformes. Tare tare da mallard, pintail, duck launin toka, teal, tangerines, sviyazi an sanya su zuwa ducks kogin (Anas).
Likitocin dabbobi 'zoologists' sun bayyana maimaita wig a cikin wani rabe daban. Dalilin wannan shine gajeren beak na dutsen. Sunan Latin sviyazi Anas penelope a zahiri yana nufin "duck mai aminci." Mafarautan suna da sunaye masu alaƙa da sautin da tsuntsaye ke yi - fistula, whistler, scum.
Mahimmanci! A tsibiran Komandorsky tarin tsibiri da kuma a Chukotka, a lokacin ƙaura, ba da wuya a sami wand Ba'amurke. An bambanta ta da launin toka-kore tsiri a saman drake da dusar ƙanƙara mai launin dusar ƙanƙara na ducks.
Bayanin irinsu da hotunan ducks
Sviyazi ƙananan mallards, amma sun fi girma ƙananan teal. Wannan tsuntsu mai karaya, mai tsananin rauni, yana da nauyi daga 500 zuwa 1100 g. Tsawon karfi, mai nuna, dogaye fuka-fukai a dogo ya kai cm 75-86. Tsawon jikin da aka yiwa dutsen da ya dace da saurin jirgin shine 45-51 cm. Shugaban yana da karamin kai tare da babban goshi, gajeru bakin ciki, gajeren gajeren hancin, babban wutsiya mai kunkuntar zuwa ƙarshen, ƙananan paws.
Launi
Shahararren masaniyar kimiyyar Rasha kuma masanin farauta Sergey Alexandrovich Buturlin a cikin ayyukansa ya bar cikakken bayanin dabbar sviyaz.
Dangane da kwatancin kwarjinin da ya dace a lokacin tarawar:
- kirjin kai da makogwaro,
- ja da fari kambi
- ocher-ja tare da rasberi tint goiter,
- kirji da ciki farin dusar ƙanƙara ne,
- babban jiki ya kasance launin toka-launin toka,
- madubi mai haske mai haske mai launin kore tare da shunayya mai launin shuɗi da baki mai iyaka,
- akwai babban farin fari a gaban madubi,
- A cikin wutsiya, fuka-fukan murfin baƙi ne daga waje, fararen ciki tare da shuɗi mai shuɗi mai duhu a gefuna,
- da a karkashin kasa da kuma gefen daga karkashin kasa ne shuɗi-baki,
- wutsiya itace launin toka,
- fuka-fuki suna launin ruwan kasa da launin toka, launin kore da shunayya,
- farin farin ribbons a kafadu.
Bayan maye gurbin kwat da wando, har yanzu drake ya bambanta da duck. Gefar sa ta zama launin ruwan kasa, wacce aka yi wa ado da jiragen ruwan kwalliyar. Ciwo da kai sune launin ruwan kasa mai tsabta. Babban adon namiji yana adana - madubi na emerald.
A cikin mata, ya bambanta da drake, wani ɗan madaidaicin launi mai launin ruwan kasa-launin toka tare da furucin duhu a duk shekara. Abun ciki fari ne, madubi mai launin shuɗi-baki. 'Ya'yan ducklings ɗin da suka tashi akan fika guda ɗaya suke da mahaifiyarsu. Ana iya sanin su ta hanyar "ƙuruciya", baƙar fata a cikin ciki da ƙarancin launi na madubi.
Duck wig sanye da suttura da yawa.
Kafafu da bakin gindi sune leshi-ash. Lissafin yana da launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi tare da duhu, kusan ƙarancin yatsan baki a bakin. Iris mai launin ruwan kasa brown.
Kuri'a
Tonaukaka da kuma girman muryar mai jujjuyawa yana canzawa dangane da lokacin shekara. Yawancin lokaci drake ya sa hanu cikin hanzari “wahii-u”, “wii-u”, “pic-u”, da ducks suna niƙa sosai.
A lokacin wasannin ma'aurata, mace da namiji suna ta ihu “mara-baya”. A sararin sama, tsuntsayen suna ta birgima a hankali suna cewa "Sviyi-Sviyi", "Sviyirra", "Friryrra".
Fasalin halayen
An bambanta Sviyazey ta hanyar jirgin sama mai sauri, kusan kamar na keɓaɓɓe, kyakkyawar rawar motsa jiki, kusan ɗaukar madaidaiciya daga ruwa, da kuma ikon yin dogon jirgin sama.
Ducks suna da jama'a sosai, yayin ƙaura suna tattara manyan garken mutane har sama da dubu dubu. Suna gida suna ciyar da kamfanoni, kamar duwatsun mandarin smart.
Mahimmanci! Sviyazi da sauri sun saba wa mutane, sun zama masu daraja. A Turai, ana kiyaye su sau da yawa don yin kwalliyar kwalliya na kwalliya.
A iyaka da mazaunin ducks
Mahalli na jeji ya shimfiɗa zuwa arewacin yankunan Turai da Asiya. A Rasha akwai:
- a Chukotka, Anadyr, gabar Tekun Okhotsk,
- a cikin Volga delta,
- a tsakiyar tsiri na Rasha,
- in Siberiya,
- Yankin Ussuri
- yayin tashi, ducks na tsayawa a yankin Baltic da gabar tekun Arewa.
Don gandunan daji, ana zaɓi tuta, tundra da tundra. An zaɓi fifiko ga ƙananan tabkuna, makiyaya iri iri tare da kyawawan furannin ruwa, siliki da kuma tsafin koguna masu yawa, da sarari ruwa a tsakanin tsibiran.
Yana da kyau cewa a nan kusa akwai filayen da aka shuka tare da amfanin gona, dazuzzuka ko ƙananan bishiyoyi. Ruwa mai zurfi, tabkuna masu duhu, manyan sarari, waɗannan duwatsun suna ƙoƙarin gujewa.
Don lokacin hunturu, ducks sun tashi zuwa teku ko kuma ƙasashe masu ɗumi.
Don lokacin hunturu, tsuntsaye sukan zauna a cikin hanyoyin da za'a kare su daga hadari, a cikin fadama. Wintry masu sanyi a cikin Caspian, Black Sea da kuma Tekun Bahar Rum, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewa maso gabashin Afirka, Indochina, Yammacin Turai.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Tsarin menu na Svijaz shine mai cin ganyayyaki kawai. Kwayoyin suna shiga cikin ciki kwatsam, aka tattara su tare da sassan tsire-tsire da suke ci. A gefen ruwa kuma a cikin ruwa, sai a haƙa tushen, ana rarraba sassan m na kusa da ruwa da tsire-tsire masu ruwa, kamar duhun gida na nama.
Tsuntsayen suna nutsad da talauci kuma suna ƙoƙarin ciyar da dabbobin ruwa kusa da duwatsun, dabbobin, suna ɗaukar abincin da aka girka musu zuwa farfajiya. An zaɓi kamfanonin kamfanoni na woobs a kan ciyawar ciyawa da filayen. A can suke ciyawa kamar geese, suna cin hatsi da tsirrai.
Ducks kuje cikin creeks da makiyaya kamar geese.
Jagoran Soviet ornithology ornithology Georgy Petrovich Dementyev da Nikolai Alekseevich Gladkov a cikin littafin 'Birds of the Soviet Union', suna bayyana tushen abinci na garken, sunaye da tsire-tsire masu zuwa wadanda aka haɗa a cikin abincinsu:
- Wallisneria (tsire-tsire masu ruwa a cikin daji tare da tsawan tsutsotsi masu tsayi da ganyayyaki cikin ruwa),
- fadama fure ko nymphaeum (tsire-tsire masu ruwa tare da furanni masu kama da ruwa lili),
- karamin duckweed,
- ambaliyar ruwa ko ambaliyar ruwa,
- rdest (kabeji ruwa),
- ciwon kai,
- tsarmar abinci (ciyawar abinci)
- laima guntun tsirrai (inji mai ruwa-ruwa tare da tushen m),
- tekuna (ciyawar teku, wacce ke ciyar da lokacin hunturu),
- alsammar,
- enteromorph (algae kore).
Mahimmanci! Daya daga cikin nau'ikan rupiah na ruwa a Ingila ana kiranta "ciyawar sviyazi." Ducks da suka isa zuwa hunturu suna cin tsire a cikin mai yawa, suna iyo a cikin ruwa mara zurfi a gefen gabar teku.
Tsarin aure
A lokacin wasannin mating, drake koyaushe yana kusa da wanda aka zaɓa. Confusedarfin da ke rikicewar sa da babbar murya ya nuna wa wasu maza cewa duck ɗin “yana da aiki” kuma bai kamata a kusance shi ba.
Babu ɓarkewar ɓarna. Maza kawai suna bayyana da'irori kusa da mace, suna bi da gashin fuka-fuki kuma suna tayar da kawunansu zuwa sama. Wani lokacin kwantar da hankula ya rikice ta hanyar matasa masu birgima waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin rushe ma'auratan da ke gudana. A wannan yanayin, yana iya zuwa fada.
Gida, qwai da kajin
Gida wani yanki ne mai wuyar eka na ciyawa da ciyawa, ko kuma kawai bacin rai tsakanin tsirrai. An samo shi kusa da ruwa a cikin wani wuri mai tsaro, wuri mai kariya: a ƙarƙashin rassan bishiyoyi, a cikin zurfin maɓuɓɓukan tekun, a cikin lokacin farin ciyawa, a cikin ɓarna na tushen. Girman diamita daga gida shine 5-8 cm.
Da farko, gida yana gyarawa ko ta yaya ko an gina shi gaba ɗaya ba tare da kwanciya ba. Gashin tsuntsu mai saukar ungulu da kuma madaidaiciya tare da gefuna an hankali an shimfiɗa su a cikin fara kwan ƙwai. Ducks sa qwai a cikin marigayi Mayu - farkon Yuni. Yawanci, a cikin kamawa na 6-12 fararen (mafi yawan lokuta 9) ko haske launin rawaya ba tare da zane a kan kwasfa ba, tsawon 4-5 cm.
Shiryawa yana kwana 22-25. Drakes yana taimakawa abokai kawai a farkon kwanakin farawar, bayan 'yan kwanaki sai suka ɓace cikin ƙananan garke kuma suka tafi don yin zina.
Duck a fall tare da girma kajin tattara a makarantu.
Itea'idodin wuraren da aka fi so don sauya rukunin juzu'i na Ruwan Russia sune Kogin yamma na Siberian, saman Kogin Pechora, ƙananan ƙarewa da kuma deltas na Ob, Urals, Volga, Baltic, Scandinavian, Icelandic Coast.
Kajin da ake ƙi, ya zauna a gida har kwana guda. Bayan sun bushe sosai, suna fita daga gida, bayan uwar ta tafi ruwa. Bayan kwanaki arba'in da arba'in da biyar, za a maye gurbin kumburi a cikin kajin gaba daya ta hanyar gashin tsuntsu mai wuya da kuma ci gaban matasa akan reshe. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ducks matasa suna kula da abincin nasu. A Satumba, tare da molting tsofaffin ducks, matasa dabbobi tattara a cikin garken kuma tashi zuwa gidajen hunturu.
A cikin bidiyon, mafarauci ya raba wani karamin fim game da mutumin da ya yi nasarar harba:
Bayyanar Sviyazi
Sviyaz - duck mai sauka, yana da wucin gadi. Gashin gajere ne, goshi mai tsayi, kuma wutsiyar tana dan nuna kadan. Kwakwalwar fika 75 - 86 cm, kuma tsawon jikin ta shine 45-51 cm.
Girman jikin mace mai girma shine 500 - 1000 g, kuma namiji 600 - 1100 g.
Sviyazi ta sami isasshen cigaban jima'i. Daga bazara zuwa farkon lokacin bazara, namiji yana da launi mai launi da ya fi dacewa. Abun wuyansa da kai suna zanen launin launin launin ruwan kasa-launin fata tare da baƙar fata.
Baya, bangarorin, wuya, kafadu da ƙananan baya sune launin toka da launi tare da tsarin jet wanda yake shimfidawa a cikin hanya mai juyawa. Ciyar tayi fari, goiter tayi launin ja. Gaban gewayen da aka zana launinsu ne baki, yayin da wutsiyar kanta tayi launin toka. Daga bangare na occipital zuwa baki, tsiri ya ratsa kambi. Wannan tsiri a cikin mutane daban-daban launuka ne daban-daban, daga launin rawaya zuwa fari zuwa fari.
Squire (Anas penelope).
A sarari fuka-fukai akan fuka-fuki mai launin shuɗi-bayyane a bayyane suke duka yayin tashi ducks da lokacin iyo a ruwa. A gefen reshen reshen akwai wani wuri mai launin kore mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, da ake kira madubi. Fentin yana fentin a cikin launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, iris na ido launin ruwan kasa, ƙafafu suna da launin toka duhu.
Ana fentin mace ta sviyazi a saman a cikin sautunan launin ruwan kasa-da jan baki. Baya ga wannan nau'in launi iri-iri, akwai wani kuma wanda ake fentin saman jiki da kai a yawancin sautunan launin toka-launin ruwan kasa.
Matar tana da babban gajeren hancin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi da ta musamman kai tsaye, madubi mai launin shuɗi-da farin ciki. Bayan ƙarshen lokacin molt na bazara, namiji sviyazi a launi ya zama kama da mace. Wani mahimmin fasali na drake a wannan lokacin su ne halayen fararen sassan jikin fikafikan.
Squire - Duck mai ɗaukar hoto.
Sviyazi nesting range
Yankin dajin ya ƙunshi gandunan daji-tundra da gandun daji na Palearctic daga Kamchatka, Anadyr da Tekun Okhotsk a gabas zuwa Iceland a yamma. A Burtaniya, adadin wannan nau'in yana da ƙanana, kusan kusan 300 nau'i biyu. A wasu yankuna na Jamus da Netherlands, kaɗan ne kawai aka lura da wannan tsuntsu.
Yawancin wurin da ake yin furanni a cikin Sviyazi ba'a located a cikin yankin Tarayyar Rasha, arewacin Kazakhstan, Finland da Scandinavia. An rago a yawancin yankin Turai na tsakiyar yankin na Rasha, ɗan rago yakan yi kiwo a kaikaice. Koyaya, zuwa arewa-gabas na yankin Leningrad, sviyaz ya riga ya zama jinsin mutane da yawa. A Siberiya, ciyawar wannan dabbar tana daga arewacin har zuwa iyakar ciyawar ciyawar. Tsakanin dukkan nau'ikan ducks na kogin da ke zaune a arewacin tsibirin taiga, Sviyaz shine mafi yawan gama gari da kuma yawancinsu. A cikin kudancin taiga, wannan tsuntsu yana da matukar wuya ko ba ya nan gaba ɗaya. An kuma lura da manyan wuraren da aka kera abubuwa a kan Tsibirin na Kanin, a cikin Bolshezemelskaya da Malozemelskaya tundra, a cikin yankin Arkhangelsk.
Squire babban abu ne na farauta.
A kan iyakar Kazakhstan, iyakar iyakar kiwo shine yankin Uralsk. Yankin ya tashi zuwa ƙwanƙolin Kogin Ilek, ta hanyar Khobda ta hanyar Pavlodar da Karaganda zuwa tafkin Markakol.
Sviyazi mazaunin yanayin hunturu
A kusan dukkanin yankin kewayon, ƙwanƙwasa nau'in ƙaura ne. Wannan duck ɗin yana jagorantar rayuwa mai tazara kawai a cikin populationan tsiraru da ke zaune a Burtaniya. Yawan cin nasara yawancin mutane suna faruwa ne a kudu a yankin yanayin dumin yanayi daga Japan zuwa Spain.
Wani karamin yanki na tashi daga kudu har zuwa Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka da kuma Larabawa. Daga Iceland, Sviyaz ya tashi don hunturu zuwa Ireland da Scotland.
Sviyazi galibi tsuntsaye ne na tiiga, kamar yadda suke so a gida cikin gandun daji da kuma gandunan-tundra.
Daga yankin Rasha, wanda yake yamma da ƙananan kogin Ob, har ma daga Finland da Scandinavia, ƙwararrun sviyaz sun tashi zuwa hunturu zuwa arewa-yamma ta Turai. Daga Kazakhstan, Tsakiyar Tsakiya da Yammacin Siberiya, wig na ƙaura zuwa gabar tekun Caspian da Black Teas, zuwa Arewacin Afirka da Kudancin Turai. Mutane daban-daban da ke farauta a gabashin wannan yankin suna tserewa saboda hunturu a arewa maso gabashin Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya.
A lokacin rani, ƙyarkeken ya fi son zama cikin gaɓoɓin ruwa mai zurfi. Wadannan jikin ruwa, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna da adadi mai yawa na silty da budewa, suna canzawa tare da wurare masu tsire-tsire masu yawa na ruwa. Sviyaz yana ƙaunar ya zauna a wurare tare da ciyawar ciyawar ciyayi a kan tudu mai laushi, kusa da amfanin gona. Kasancewar ciyayin dake kusa dashi shine ƙarin abubuwan da zasu ciyar da rayuwar wannan duck ɗin. Sviyaz ya fi son nisanta daga tudun tuddai, da wuraren buɗe tundra, da ƙaramin tafkunan inuwa.
Sviyazi ciyar a kan tushen da algae.
Kiwo Sviyaz
A cikin sassan kudu na kewayon, ɗan rago ya bayyana a kan ciyayi daga shekaru goma na biyu na Afrilu. A wuraren girke-girke a arewacin, duck ɗin ya tashi cikin rabin Mayu na biyu. Samuwar nau'i-nau'i yana farawa a cikin faduwa kuma yana ƙare yayin jirgin zuwa wuraren rige-rige.
Wasannin aure ba su da bambanci musamman. Maza suna hawa cikin da'irori a kusa da mace, kuma suna fitar da wata mara ihu, suna ɗaga baki a tsaye.
Gida an shirya shi a cikin busassun wuraren kusa da ruwa a wuraren da ba kowa a tsakanin ciyawa da ciyayi. Wani lokacin gida yana cikin gandun daji coniferous. Smallaramin bacin rai ne 5 zuwa 7 cm a diamita .. An yi shimfidar gida tare da ciyayi iri daban da ƙasa.
A cikin madaidaicin madaidaiciya gida, an sanya qwai fiye da dozin.
Masonry yana farawa a shekaru goma na uku na Mayu kuma zai kasance har zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuni. A cikin ɗayan juzu'i ɗaya, a matsayin mai mulkin, daga ƙwai 6 zuwa 12 suna nan. Launin kumatun fari fari ko kirim. Lokacin shiryawa yana ɗan lokaci sama da makonni uku. Kusan daga farkon farawar, saɓanin ya bar gida kuma an cire shi don molt, barin mace ta ƙyanƙyashe zuriya. Kayan kaji suna zuwa reshen cikin kwana 45 bayan haihuwa.
Aƙalla daga shekaru goma na biyu na Satumbar, lokacin da sanyi ya fara kan kuɗaɗen kuma dusar ƙanƙara ta bayyana, hular zata fara tashi don hunturu.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.