Yanayin Yanayi a Kudancin Amurka * Sauyin yanayi

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Yankin yanayin damina Tare da daidaituwa, daga Tekun Pacific zuwa Gabas zuwa Tekun Atlantika, akwai yanki mai dumbin yawa mai zafi, danshi da ɗumi. Yayinda kuke motsawa zuwa arewa da kudu na masu daidaita, ruwan sama yana raguwa. Wannan nahiyar ana daukar tsibiri mafi dawwama a Duniya. Yawancin hazo yana faɗuwa ne a arewacin babban yankin, a arewa maso yamma na Brazil a cikin Amazon, da kuma kan iyakar arewa maso gabashin Kudancin Amurka. Ana haɓaka hazo ta yanayin ruwan zafi na gabashin tsibirin, gami da fasalin abubuwan taimako. A gabashin Kudancin Kudancin Amurka, akwai filayen, suna wucewa da ƙarancin iska mai saurin fitowa daga teku, wanda ya ratsa zurfin cikin ɓangaren duniya zuwa tsaunin Andes. Duwatsu suna jinkirta hazo, wanda ya fadi a cikin babban ruwan sama mai daidaitacce, adadin hazo ya wuce mil 3000 a shekara. Yawan zafin jiki na shekara-shekara koyaushe yana saman + 20 ° C - + 25 ° C, saboda haka koyaushe yana zafi a nan.

An gama aiki a kan wani abu makamancin wannan

Yanayin canjin yanayi na Subequatorial. Sama da ƙasa da bel bel na Kudancin Amurka shine bel bel din. Bangaren canjin yanayi yana lokaci guda a cikin hemispheres biyu na duniya - Kudu da Arewa. A kan iyaka tare da yankin yanayin damina, saboda kusancinsa zuwa tekun, adadi mai yawa na haɓaka (har zuwa 2000 mm a kowace shekara). Hakanan a wannan yanki, dazuzzuka-m gumi gandun daji yi girma. A cikin zurfin nahiyar, yanayin dumamar yanayi ke fifita, ba tare da karancin hazo ba (daga 500 zuwa 1000 mm a shekara). A cikin yankin yanayin yankin fara savannah.

Savannahs a cikin bel din subequatorial an san shi da yanayin zafi a cikin wasu watanni. Yanayin yanayin yanayi ya raba shekara cikin ranakun bushe da ruwa. A nesa daga mai daidaita, da ruwan sama kadan. An rufe Savannahs tare da ciyawar ciyawa. Ana samun irin wannan yanayin a ƙarshen yankin ruwan-sanyi, a Basin na Orinoco, a kan tsaunukan Dutsen Brazil da kuma wasu sassan yammacin Ecuador. Yanayin yayi zafi daga + 18 ° C zuwa + 24 ° C a cikin hunturu kuma daga + 20 ° C zuwa + 25 ° C a lokacin rani. An rufe Savannahs tare da ciyawar ciyawa.

Hoto na 1. Savannahs na Kudancin Amurka. Author24 - musayar kan layi na ayyukan ɗalibai

Yankin yanayin ƙasa. A Kudancin Amurka, bel ɗin zafi yana kudu maso kudu kuma yana da bambance-bambance a cikin yanayin yanayin yanayi daga yanayin zafi daga Australia da Afirka. Karkashin tasirin ruwan sama mai zafi, wannan yanki yana da laima kuma wannan yana kawo cikas ga kwararowar hamada, dukda cewa bushewar masarautan dake tafe anan duk shekara. Kadai Atacama hamada wacce ke yamma. A lokacin rani, zazzabi a cikin tropics na iya tashi sama da 25 ° C, kuma a cikin hunturu tana daga 8 ° C zuwa 20 ° C.

An rarraba bel din na wurare zuwa kashi uku:

Yankin yankin yamma yana da faɗi babba, yana shimfiɗe har zuwa gaɓar teku, kuma a gabashin ƙasan yana da iyaka da Andes.

A nan ne mafi yawan wuraren hamada Atacama marasa ruwa, wanda ya bayyana sakamakon yalwar yanayin yanayin rashin lahani a wannan sashin. Duwatsu da Andes suna tsattsagewa cikin hamada daga yawan iska.

Yankin ɓangaren na ƙasa ya mamaye tsakiyar ɓangaren kuma yana kusa da gabashin Kudancin Amurka. Tun da ɓangaren nahiyar yana cikin ɗayan ɓangaren Andes, adadin hazo a nan ya kai 1000 mm a kowace shekara, wanda yafi yadda yake a ɓangaren yamma. An sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar iska mai ƙarancin iska wanda ke zuwa daga Tekun Atlantika, Andes ba su toshe hanya ba.

A kan yankin sashen gabashin akwai wasu dazuzzukan daji masu laima-m. Yawan hazo ya kai mil 1000 a kowace shekara. Samuwar gandun daji koyaushe yana fama da lokacin fari.

Yankin yanayin ƙasa. A Kudancin Amurka, yankin mai nisa yana ƙasa da keɓaɓɓun wurare kuma yankinsa yana da ɗan ƙarami. Yanayin sanyi yana mamayewa anan, wanda ke shafar sauyin yanayi kuma zuwa kudu ya bushe. Anan sararin sama ya bushe sosai, adadin hazo shine kawai 250-500 mm kowace shekara. Yawancin yanki suna mamaye wurare ne, a cikin zurfin hamada da kuma kwararar jeji. Koyaya, a yamma, igiyoyin sanyi ba sa zuwa kusa da bakin teku, don haka za a sami ƙarin ruwan sama a nan, kuma gandun daji masu ɗorewa. A cikin hunturu, yanayin zafi yana daga + 8 ° C zuwa + 24 ° C, kuma a lokacin rani zai iya sauke zuwa 0 ° C.

Yankin yanayin yanki. Belin ya mamaye yankin kudu da nahiyyar. Waɗannan ƙananan hamada ce, waɗanda aka kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Falkland, Yammaci, coldan iska mai sanyi na Peruvian. Akwai karancin ruwan sama (kasa da mm 250 a shekara). A yamma, rinjayar iska na igiyoyin sanyi ya ɗan ragu kaɗan, saboda haka, karin ruwan sama ya faɗi a nan. A ƙasar Kudancin Hemisphere, yanayin zafin jiki kusan ba ya nan. Saboda tasirin Antarctic, yawan zafin jiki a cikin wannan yanki koyaushe ƙasa ne. A cikin hunturu yakan tashi zuwa + 20 ° C, a lokacin rani yakan sauka ƙasa 0 ° C.

Abubuwan da suka shafi yanayin Kudancin Amurka

Yanayin yanayi ya shafi manyan abubuwan guda uku.

Na farko, mafi mahimmancin al'amura shine yawan iska mai karfin gaske a saman Tekun Atlantika da Kudancin tekun Pacific, wanda iska ya dogara da shi. Babban matsin lamba a Kudancin Atlantika da Kudancin Pacific yana ɗaukar manyan magungunan anticyclones masu ƙarfi na dindindin (cibiyoyin matsanancin iska a kewaye da iska ke kewaye da su) Yankin gabashin tekun na maganin kashe kwari na Pacific yana shafar yanayin yawancin gabar yammacin tekun Kudancin Amurka, yana haifar da tsayayyen raguwa a cikin zafin jiki, wanda ke haifar da ruwan sama kaɗan.

Dalili na biyu shine kasancewar ruwan ruwan sanyi a gefen yammacin nahiyyar, wanda yanayin zafin iska da hazo ke dogara. A tekun Atlantika, igiyoyin ruwan zafi sun mamaye.

Abu na uku shi ne tsaunin Andes, wanda ke zama shinge ga shigowar mashigar iska mai kauri zuwa Kudancin nahiyar.

Babbar bel

Babbar bel din ta isa sama da kasa zuwa yankin na daidaitacce, wanda yake a kudu da arewacin hemispheres na Duniya. Mafi zurfin nahiyar, da yadda yanayin yake zama nahiyar. A kan iyaka tare da bel ɗin Equatorial, hazo ya faɗi zuwa 2000 mm a kowace shekara, kuma a nan gandun daji-humin gumi yana girma. A cikin yanki na hazo, ƙasa da ƙasa raguwa: 500-1000 mm a shekara. A wannan yankin yana farawa da savannah. Lokacin damina ya faɗi a watan Yuni-Agusta a arewacin babban ɓangaren, kuma a kudu - a watan Disamba-Fabrairu. Lokacin sanyi yana farawa a lokuta daban-daban na shekara, gwargwadon nesa daga mai siye.

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Bishiyar bel

Kudancin subequatorial suna kwance da bel mai zafi a Kudancin Amurka. Yanayin yanayin yanayin anan ya banbanta da tsaunukan Australia da Afirka. Akwai tasiri mai tasiri na igiyoyin ruwan dumi, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga tsabtace gida da kan gado tare da hana bayyanar manyan hamada, a yamma kawai sai hamada Atakama wacce ke da yanayi na musamman, wanda aka keɓe daga cikin gumi. Yankin ofasashe masu zafi na yanayin zafi yana mamaye tsakiyar yankin. Anan, kimanin milimita 1000 na hazo ya faɗi kowace shekara, kuma akwai savannahs. A gabas akwai dazuzzukan daji masu laima-sama tare da ruwan sama mai yawan gaske. Yanayin rani ya fi digiri na +25, kuma yanayin hunturu daga +8 zuwa +20.

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Bayanin yanayi

Kudancin Amurka shine yanki mafi tsabta a duniya. Ana cika mamaye ruwan na Afirka a shekara tare da wadataccen hazo, wanda yalwatacce a cikin yankin Delta Delta. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa yawancin nahiyar ta kasance a cikin yankin da ke da igiyar daidaituwa.

Abubuwa masu zuwa suna tasiri samuwar yanayi:

fasalin ƙasa
yanayin wurare dabam dabam
teku igiyoyin.

Babban gari yana cikin yankuna yanki guda shida, taƙaitaccen bayanin wanda aka gabatar a teburin da kuma yanayin hawa.

Bel din mara nauyi

Wani yanki na yanayin zafi na Kudancin Amurka shine yankin da ke ƙasa da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa mai zafi. A nan ne iska take bushewa da farawa, kuma a cikin zurfin nahiyar nau'in hamada da hamada. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na kowace shekara shine 250-500 mm. A yamma, ana samun ƙarin ruwan sama kuma gandun daji masu tsufa. A watan Janairu, zazzabi ya kai +24, kuma a watan Yuli, masu nuna alamar na iya ƙasa da 0.

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Yankin kudu maso gabas na yankin yana da yanki mai yanayin zafi. A nan ne babban adadin hamada suka kirkiro daga rinjayar yawan iska mai sanyi. Hazo bai wuce 250 mm ba a kowace shekara. Zazzabi a wannan yanki koyaushe yana ƙasa da ƙasa. A watan Janairu, mafi girman ya kai +20, kuma a watan Yuli yawan zafin jiki ya sauka kasa 0.

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Yanayin Kudancin Amurka na musamman ne. Nahiyar tana cikin yankuna biyar na yanayin zafi, amma yanayin yanayi ya bambanta da wannan yanki akan sauran nahiyoyin. Misali, anan hamada bata cikin tropics, amma a wani yanayi mai zafi.

Bel din bel

A cikin yanayin bel ɗin na Equatorial, an kafa yanayi mai danshi da zafi sosai. Yawan hazo ya faɗi zuwa 5000 mm a duk shekara.

Jin zafi, kusan kusan 100%, saboda waɗannan dalilai ne:

ruwan teku mai daci
babban jin dadi na yankuna - filayen da ke gabas suna ba da ƙarancin iska mai ƙarfi don motsawa cikin ƙasa, inda suke kwance a kusa da ƙafafun Andes kuma sun faɗi a cikin babban girgizan ruwa.

A duk shekara, yanayi mai dumin yanayi yana wanzu a wannan yankin, kuma yanayin zafin iska baya sauka ƙasa da 20-25C.

A kan yankin bel na Yankin Kudancin Amurka, akwai keɓaɓɓiyar hadaddun halitta - gandun daji mai laushi ko sel. Tsirrai masu dumbin yawa da suke mamaye sararin samaniya shine “huhun duniya”, domin yana samar da isashshen sunadarin oxygen.

Hoto 2. Dandalin Selva

Yanayin aiki

Outskirtsasashen waje suna cikin yankin na yanayi. Kusan duk yankin sa yake cikin hamada, wanda ba halin shi bane. Koyaya, wannan rashin daidaituwa ya faru ne ta dalilin mummunan igiyoyin ruwan sanyi, wanda ke toshe ƙasa baki ɗaya daga dumbin iska mai taushi.

Yanayin iska a yankin bai yi yawa ba saboda tasirin Arctic: a lokacin bazara bai wuce 20C ba, kuma a cikin hunturu yakan sauka zuwa 0C da ƙasa. Yawan hazo yayi kadan - kasa da 250 mm. a shekara.

Yankuna yanki na Kudancin Amurka

Nahiyar, wacce ke kudu maso yammacin hemisphere, tekun Pacific da Atlantika ne ke wanke su.

Tana da ƙananan rairayin bakin tekun da ke da ɗan tsibiran tsibiran da suka fi yawa a kudu na ɓangaren duniya.

Kodayake Kudancin Amurka ba shine mafi girma a cikin nahiyar ba, amma duk da haka yana da kyawawan wurare na dabi'a, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da nau'i da aka shimfiɗa daga arewa zuwa kudu.

Ilimin ilimin kimiya da kayan yau da kullun ne

Nahiyar ta dogara ne akan dandamalin Kudancin Amurka da kuma belin dutsen Andean.

Tsohon dandamali ya mamaye wani yanki mai mahimmanci na ɓangaren duniya - ɓangarorin tsakiya da gabas. Sabili da haka, a Kudancin Amurka, taimako mai sauƙi yana gudana tare da ƙaramar plateaus, wanda aka kafa ta hanyar dandamali wanda ya hauhawa.

A cikin ɓangaren kudanci akwai wani ƙaramin ƙarami da ƙaramin dandamali na Patagonian.

Yankin yammacin Andres yana da iyaka a wurin tsaunukan Andes - tsauni mafi tsayi da ya bayyana a lokacin da tekun tekun ya mamaye tekun da cin abinci a zamanin dinosaur. Waɗannan duwatsun matasa ne inda ayyukan tectonic suke gudana kuma ana ci gaba da buɗe wuta a kan wuta.

Yankunan Altitude na Kudancin Amurka

Andes shine tsarin tsauni mafi tsayi a cikin duniya, wanda yake daga kudu zuwa yamma da Kudancin Amurka. Jimlar tsaunukan sun kai kilomita 9000. Kuma nisa daga cikin Cordillera a wurare sun wuce kilomita 700. Anan ga ɗayan tsauni mafi girma - Aconcagua, kusan 7,000 m high.

A cikin Andes, wurare da yawa na tsayin daka suna mai da hankali sosai, suna haɗa flora da fauna daban-daban. Wannan shine kawai wuri a cikin nahiyar da aka samo bututun ruwa.

Gaskiya! Mountain gilea yanki ne inda yanayin yake sanyi sosai tare da iska mai ƙarfi, kuma bishiyoyin da ke can sun zama reshe mai ban mamaki.

A mafi girma ka hau kan tsaunika, mafi karancin ciyawar zai zama:

1500 m - yankuna m busasshen gandun daji,
daga 2800 m - yankin mai sanyiniya, wanda aka wakilta ta hanyar sanannun fauna, conifers, bamboos, hinnas, cocas da bushes-like bushes,
daga 3800 m - akwai dazuzzukan tsaunuka masu kwari,
daga 4500 m - manoma mai tsayi.

Sama da 5000 m fara yankin na dusar ƙanƙara. A cikin Andes, akwai wurin ajiyar abubuwa, Pearl na Andes National Park, wanda ya tashi daga 2,500 zuwa 6,768 m.

Yawan hazo a tsaunuka yana raguwa sosai daga ƙasa zuwa sama. Don haka, a tsawan sama har zuwa 1000 m kuma a yanayin zafi daga zafin jiki na 24 zuwa 26 Celsius, ana lura da zafi 3000 mm hazo. Kuma makiyaya mai tsayi, inda ake ajiye zazzabi a digiri 4-8, adadinsu bai wuce 1000 mm ba.

Yankunan ƙasashen Kudancin Amurka da halayensu

Kudancin Amurka yana shafar bangarorin yanki sau ɗaya sau ɗaya a lokaci ɗaya - ƙasar Equatorial, babban yanayi, ƙasan zafi, yanayin ƙasa, canjin yanayi.

Yanayin sa na musamman ne, saboda kasancewar dabbobi masu ƙyalƙyali. Kowane ɗayan bangarorin sun bambanta da juna, don haka za a ba da taƙaitaccen bayanin su a cikin allunan.

Tsarin Dakin Tsunami (Selva)

Selva ta mamaye galibin ƙasƙancin Amazon, amma yankuna da yawa suna da wahalar shiga - ciyayi yana girma sosai, gami da ferns, hindu da ceibu.

Haka kuma, a cikin gandun daji na Amazon, dukkan bishiyoyi suna da alaƙa ta hanyar kurangar wuya, ta zama bango mara wuya. Fauna a cikin gandun daji na Equatorial shine mafi yawancin. Jaguars, ɗaruruwan ɗumbin labartattun launuka, da nau'ikan birai da dubunnan kwari suna zaune kowane lungu na daji. Kuma wasu haɗari masu haɗari sune karnuka da anacondas, kazalika da piranhas na Amazon. Duniyar tsuntsu ta Amazon itace mafi arziki a duniya. Toucans, parrots, hummingbirds, da harpies suna zaune a nan.

Mahimmanci! A Kudancin Amurka, macizai masu guba da yawa, masu baƙi da kwaɗi suna rayuwa. Kuma anaconda ya kai tsawon fiye da 5 m tare da nauyin kimanin kilo 100.

Dazuzzuka na kasar Equatorial suna da zafi sosai kuma ana yin laushi, ƙasa kuma ƙasa a ciki yawancin launin ja ne. Akwai kyawawan tsire-tsire masu yawa: orchids, itacen guna, euphorbia, itacen cakulan.

Gandun daji

Ana zaune a cikin yankunan kudu maso Yammacin Amurka, galibi a Chile. Yankin yanayi mai zafi da lokacin bazara yana ƙaruwa anan, amma a cikin hunturu damina ta fara da ruwan sama har zuwa mm 600 a shekara. Itatuwan dazuzzukan daji masu tsananin tsami suna da ganye mai kauri wadanda basu cika ɓoye ƙasa ba. Sun iya riƙe danshi na dogon lokaci. Soasa anan anan galibi kirji ne.

Madadin gandun daji rigar

Wannan sashi yana bakin iyakar gandun daji, haka kuma ya mamaye yankin arewa maso gabas na ɓangaren duniya da kuma Tekun Atlantika a tsakiyar yankin.

Subequatorial da wurare masu zafi

Rawaya Duniya da Ja Duniya

Bamai, Araucaria, Ceiba, Kwakwa mai kwakwa

Ya yi daidai da yankin dazuzzuka masu ɗaukar hoto, amma sun bambanta a cikin ɗan ƙaramin nau'in halitta

Wani fasali na gandun daji-m-sanyi shine canjin yanayi a yanayi, bishiyoyi masu lalacewa suna bayyana, ƙananan gandun daji sun fi yawa. Soilasa ta ƙunshi ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki waɗanda ruwan sama ba ya zubar da su.

Savannahs da gandun daji masu haske (Llanos)

Kasancewa a cikin yankin yankuna masu zafi da kuma na wurare masu zafi na nahiyar, sun mamaye wani yanki mai mahimmanci na tsaunukan Brazil, Orinoc Lowlands da Guiana Highlands. Llanos kowace shekara ana ambaliyar ruwa da ruwa sosai, wanda ba ya barin ƙasa don watanni 5-6, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa savannas ya juya zuwa fadama.Ana samun itatuwan dabino da sedge a adadi mai yawa anan. Amma a cikin filayen Brazil akwai ƙananan ciyayi, dabino mai ƙanshi. Kasa tana yawanci ja, amma duniyar dabbobi tana da bambanci. Irin waɗannan masu farauta kamar cougars da jaguars, da barewa, da ostriches, masu yin burodi suna zaune a nan.

Savannahs da gandun daji

Yankin tsakiya da arewacin ɓangaren ƙasa suna da ƙasa da arzikin flora da fauna fiye da Amazonia. Anan galibi savannahs da gandun daji.

Fasalin wannan yankin shine rabuwa zuwa:

llanos - savannas tare da ciyayi mai tsayi wanda ke cikin ƙananan rafin kogin Orinoco,

Campos Serrados - gandun daji mai haske tare da ciyawa, ciyayi da bishiyoyi,

kame kamewa - musamman Savannahs ciyawa,

kunkuntu - savannas tare da tsire-tsire daban daban da bishiyoyi iri daban daban.

Tropical da subtropical

Kebracho, cashew, Chaparro, tsire-tsire hatsi da wake, cacti, agaves, dabino

Wakilai na maƙiyin Amurkawa, dawakai na Kudancin Amurka, Ostrich Nandu, armadillos, rodents, macizai, bezards

Irin nau'in ƙasa mai ja a cikin wannan yanki mai wadatarwa, saboda haka kofi, auduga, da filayen banana suna da hankali a nan. Ana amfani da filayen alkama a matsayin makiyaya.

Pampas ko steppes

Cikakken mamaye La Plata Lowland. Ana nuna steppes ta ƙasa mai launin shuɗi-baki, wanda ciyawa suke girma da yawa. Yawancin garken shanu suna kiwo a cikin kwari, kuma manoma a waɗannan yankuna suna yin alkama. Daga cikin mazaunan: ostriches, cougars, deer, rodents mai yawa. Ana samun ciyawa da ciyawar ciyawa a adadi mai girma a cikin steppes, suna girma kusa da jikin ruwa.

Hamada da jeji

Hamada ita ce yankin da ba a iya bushewa a Kudancin Amurka, wanda ke a cikin yanayi mai tsafta da kuma yanayin ƙasa. Yankuna anan ba su da yawa, a wasu yankuna yana iya zama ba yayan shekaru. Koyaya, wannan baya cire rayuwa a ciki. Cacti, ana samun hatsi bushe a wurare. Daga cikin dabbobi, wanda aka fi sani shine chinchillas, da bears mai kyan gani da kwandon shara.

Harsunan jeji suna kudu sosai a kudu. A gefen yamma - a gaban Andes, wannan Atacama ne, kuma a gabas - Monte da Patagonian jejin, suna juyawa zuwa cikin jejin Semi-Semi.

Patagonia

Amountarin adadin hazo ya faɗi a nan - har zuwa 200-600 mm a shekara. Akwai ƙasa launin ruwan kasa da launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. Yanayin yana da tsinkaye kuma mara kyau, a bushe yake da sanyi. Duniyar dabbobi ta jeji-hamada ta bambanta da hamada. Armadillos, nutria, da wasu nau'in kananan dabbobi suna zaune anan.

Ciyayi na Patagonia ana wakilta shi daga bishiyoyi masu bushewa da bushewar hatsi, waɗanda a wurare suna samar da babban itace. Hakanan akwai jikin ruwa a cikin Semi-hamada, rayuwa kusa da abin da ya fi aiki.

Yanayi mai ban mamaki na Kudancin Amurka, sananne ne saboda yawancin gandun daji na Amazonia tare da daskararrun wurare masu zafi, manyan fadama-ruwa da anacondas na almara, gabaɗaya ba shi da iyaka, gauraye da dazuzzuka masu rikitarwa. Hakanan tundra tare da hamada Arctic ita ma bata nan. SA ita ce mafi ƙasƙanci a doron ƙasa, amma ba a yi nazarin ta sosai ba. Turancin tsibiri na Andes da katako mai duhu na Amazon har yanzu suna ɓoye sirri da yawa.

Flora da fauna na babban birni

Flora da fauna ta Kudancin Amurka ana bambanta su da bambancin yanayi da kasancewar adadi mai yawa m (Asali). Wannan ya faru ne saboda iyakokin nahiyar da kuma kasancewarta nesa da sauran nahiyoyi.

Duk iyalai halayen Kudancin Amurka ne. tsire-tsire masu ƙarewa: murtsunguwa, doki-jan, nasturtium, bromilium. Daga cikin dabbobi masu yawan gaske birai-baƙi na Amurika masu fa'ida, wartsatse, zazzabi, armadillos, muhalli, nau'ikan 500 na hummingbirds, ostriches Onda, toucans, nau'ikan akuyoyi, dabbobi masu rarrafe, kifaye da kwari an san su.

Saitin yankuna na halitta gabaɗaya yana dacewa da yankuna masu sauyin yanayi da yankuna (duba siffa 1). Teku, matsayin yanki na kudanci na yanayin tsauraran yanayi kuma kasancewar ɗumbin tsaunuka suna da babban tasirin a kan zona.

Hoto 1. Taswirar Yankunan Al'adu

Kafin ka san yanayin wasu wuraren na Kudancin Amurka, kayi ɗan bincike a taswirar.

Wadanne wurare ne na kasa suke? Wanne daga cikinsu suka mamaye yanki mafi girma? Ta yaya za a fito da kisan kuɗi a Kudancin Amurka?

Selva

Siffar halayyar ƙasa shine kasancewar gandun daji mai ɗaukar hoto wanda ke tsiro a kan ƙasa mai launin shuɗi. Kira su nan - sel, wanda aka fassara daga harshen Fotigal a matsayin “gandun daji”.

Selva tana da daɗi fiye da dazuzzuka na Afirka, sun fi ƙasa tsirrai da nau'in dabbobi. Bishiyoyi kamar selba suna girma a nan, wanda ya kai mita 80. Akwai nau'ikan dabino daban-daban, itacen guna, koko, koko, hevea, an saka su a cikin inabi. Akwai fure da yawa na fure orchids a cikin gandun daji. Yawancin bishiyoyi sel ba kawai itace mai mahimmanci ba, har ma da 'ya'yan itace, ruwan' ya'yan itace, haushi don amfani da fasaha da magani.

Fauna na Selva yana da arziki musamman. Dabbobi da yawa suna dacewa da rayuwa akan bishiyoyi. Waɗannan almara, birai ne da aka sarkar da su. Hatta frogs da lizards suna zaune akan bishiyoyi, akwai macizai da yawa, gami da maciji mafi girma akan Duniya - anaconda (duba siffa 2).

Ungulates - tapirs kuma mafi girma a doron ƙasa - mashin capybara wanda nauyinsa ya kai kilo 50 yana zaune kusa da ruwa. Akwai 'yan kaddara, daga cikinsu mafi mashahuri shine jaguar. Duniyar tsuntsu ma tana da wadata: kananan hummingbirds suna ciyar da furanni, fure, toucans da sauran su. Yawancin malam buɗe ido, kwari da sauran kwari. A cikin ƙaramin gandun daji da na ƙasa akwai tururuwa da yawa, yawancinsu suna haifar da yanayin rayuwa. Wasu daga cikin tururuwa sun kai santimita 3 a tsayi.

Llanos

Yankunan savannahs, dazuzzuka da bishiyoyi suna cikin gundumar subequatorial kuma jera a cikin wurare masu zafi na wurare masu zafi. Savannahs sun mamaye Musicok Lowland, inda ake kiran su llanos (duba siffa 3).

A cikin savannas na kogin kudu, ciyawar ta fi talauci. A tsakiyar wurare masu zafi a babban yankin, inda yake bushe da zafi tsawon watanni, bishiyun bishiyoyi da ciyawa masu ƙasƙantar da ƙwaya da ƙaya ke girma.

Daga cikinsu, mafi shahararrun su ne kebraccio, wanda haushi ya ƙunshi tannins waɗanda suka dace don yin fatar fata.

Idan aka kwatanta da savannah na Afirka, fauna ta Kudancin Amurka ya fi talauci. Dearamin daji, aladu na daji - masu yin burodi, armadillos tare da harsashi daga garkuwa masu wuce gona da iri, tsoffin dabbobi, da tsuntsaye - nandu nandu suna zaune a nan.

Pampa

Pampa - makiyaya mai cike da ciyayi ya hau kan tudun tsira, Kudancin Amurka, kusa da bakin Rio Plata, galibi a Argentina da Uruguay (duba siffa 4). A yamma, pampas ana ɗaure su da Andes, a gabas ta tekun Atlantika.

A cikin yanayin wani gumi subtropical sauyin yanayi, m, m kasa baƙar fata kafa a cikin steppes.

Ciyayi na steppes shine ciyawa, daga cikin ciyawa, ciyawa, gero da sauran su. Don bude wuraren pampa, dabbobin da ke aiki da sauri sun kasance halayensu: :ar asalin Pampassian, cat na Pampassian, llamas.

Canza yanayin babban gari ta mutum

Tasirin mutum akan yanayi a Kudancin Amurka ya fara ne koda lokacinda 'yan asalin kasar ke, tsunduma cikin harkar noma, kona wuraren daji saboda wannan dalilin, ya lalata dazuzzukan. Koyaya, waɗannan canje-canjen ba su da girma sosai idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda suka tashi tare da isowar Turawa zuwa yankin ƙasa.

Yin huɗa, ciyawar, ciyawa, fitar da sabbin tsirrai da aka kawo daga wasu nahiyoyin duniya, ya haifar da manyan canje-canje a cikin hadaddun halitta.

Misali, wani sashi mai mahimmanci na pampa an noma kuma anyi amfani da waje. Ciyayi sun cika da ciyawa.

Pampa ya ɓace da bayyanar ta asali. An mai da shi gonakin alkama da masara, marasa alƙalai don kiwo. Mafi mahimmancin gandun daji na araucaria - conifers da ke girma a gabashin Filayen Brazil an kusan lalacewa. A shafin yanar gizon dazuzzukan daji da savannahs, akwai daɗewa ana samun tsire-tsire na bishiyoyin kofi da aka kawo daga Afirka, da kuma tsire-tsire koko wanda nau'in namun daji ke girma a cikin gandun daji na Amazon.

An lalata gandun daji na Amazon da sauri. Ginin titin Transamazon (5000 km) ya bude hanyar zuwa selva (duba siffa 5).

Hoto 5. Gina Babban titin Transamazon

Yayin da ake amfani da shi yanzu, masan kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa nan da nan wadannan gandun daji na iya lalacewa gabaɗaya. Amma gandun daji na Amazon suna ba da yanayi mai yawa ga oxygen, suna da adadin nau'ikan tsirrai da dabbobi.

Aikin gida

Karanta § 26 (shafi na 84 - 85). Amsa tambayoyin:

Name Suna suna na Kudancin Amurka. Ta yaya zamu iya bayanin adadin su?

Wanne yanki na halitta ya fi girma yanki a yankin ƙasa?

Bibliography

BabbanNi ne

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2. Geography. Duniya da mutane. Fasali 7: Atlas. Jerin "Spheres".

.Arin

1. N.A. Maximov. Bayan shafukan littafi na labarin kasa. - M.: Ilimi.

Littattafai don shiryawa domin Nazarin Ilimin Acadean jihar da aminasa Jarrabawar Unasa

1. Gwaje-gwaje. Labarin kasa. Fasali 6-10: Manyan karatu na koyarwa-A.A. Letyagin. - M.: LLC “Hukumar“ KRPA “Olympus”: Astrel, AST, 2001. - 284 p.

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Albarkatun yanar gizo da aka ba da shawarar

1. Geungiyar Geographical ta Rasha (Asali).

2. Ilimin Rasha (Asali).

3. Jagora kan labarin kasa (Asali).