Babu makawa cewa akwai wani mutum a duniya wanda bazai saba da ɗan bera ba. Duk da kyawun sura, kyakkyawa, suna haifar da tausayawa a mafi yawan al'umman duniya. Kuma duk da haka, akwai mutanen da zasu so su ɗan dan more game da mice.

Fasali da mazauninsu

Mouse dabba dabbobi masu shayarwa, umarni mai ma'ana da kisan gilla. Berayen, ta hanyar, suna da alaƙa da mice kuma suna cikin wannan ƙananan yanki. Entungiyar masu ƙarfi ita ce ɗayan mafi yawan. Babu wani wuri a cikin ƙasa da waɗannan ƙananan dabbobi ba za su iya ƙwarewa ba. Duk wani yanki na halitta mai tsauri a garesu, babu wuraren bushewa ko wuraren da dusar kankara ta basu tsoro.

Suna dacewa da sauri cikin sabon yanayin rayuwa wanda bazai tsoratar dasu daga kowane irin rashin damuwa ba. Mafi sau da yawa, rodents suna zaune a cikin ramuka, amma suna samo abinci don kansu akan saman ƙasa. Mice, alal misali, har ma suna haifar da yanayin rayuwa kawai, kodayake suna da nasu ƙyalli.

Mice mice a cikin ciyawa

Girman jiki na linzamin kwamfuta talakawa ne - tsawonsa ba ya wuce 10 cm, kuma nauyinsa ba kawai 30 g ba ne, ƙarar tana da ƙarami, amma manyan kunnuwa da idanu. Wannan abu ne mai fahimta - mice koyaushe suna buƙatar saurare kuma su sa ido a kan ko akwai haɗari. Wutsiya ba shine mafi kyawun ɓangaren jikin wannan dabbar ba.

Kayan da ke jikinta ke da wuya, tsawon sa ya kai rabin tsawon jikin. Haka kuma, idan ka duba da kyau, zaka iya lura da sikirin zobe. Amma linzamin kwamfuta kanta ba ta damu sosai game da kyakkyawarsa ba, saboda duk jikinta an daidaita shi don rayuwa a kowane yanayi, kuma wannan yafi mahimmanci.

Theaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi ne, amintacce ne kuma na roba, launi yana da launin toka tare da tabarau daban-daban, shine, wanda ke ɓoye dabbar daga saurin kallo, motsi yana da sauri, bakar fata, matattara, kowane ɓangare na jiki yana bayyane lokaci zuwa lokaci don takamaiman aikinsa kuma yana daidaita da su daidai. in ba haka ba dabba ba zata rayu har zuwa zamaninmu ba tunda Paleocene.

Kyakkyawan fasali mai ban sha'awa na jikin wannan sandent shine tsarin tsarin haƙori. Mice suna da molas da manyan nau'i biyu na incisors waɗanda basu da tushe, kuma saboda wannan kullun suna ƙaruwa 1 mm kowace rana. Don haka irin waɗannan hakora ba su girma zuwa mummunan masu girma kuma, a sauƙaƙe, ya dace da bakin, ana tilasta wa beran su kara ni da kullun.

Hangen nesa yana da ban sha'awa a cikin mice. Yana haɓaka da kyau, saboda suna buƙatar ganin haɗari a nesa nesa. Amma a farin micewatau wadanda ke rayuwa kamar dabbobi kamar dabbobi, suna da rauni sosai a ganinsu saboda sauki dalilin da yasa basa bukatar buya daga hatsari.

Abin sha'awa ne cewa yawancin berayen suna da hangen nesa na launi, amma basa fahimtar cikakkiyar gamsasshiyar launi. Misali, waɗannan rodents suna ganin launuka masu launin shuɗi da ja, amma shuɗi da kore basu bambanta.

A cikin hoto farin linzamin kwamfuta ne

Siffofin bayyanar da tsarin jijiyoyin wuya

Yawancin rodents ƙanana ne kuma basu cika awo 100 ba. Akwai ƙarancin manyan nau'ikan halittu, daga cikinsu akwai nau'ikan capybara: yawan sa zai iya kai kilogiram 66 (ƙarin bayani game da mashin nan anan).

Babban daga cikin rodents shine capybara. Ya fi sau dubu 10 fiye da linzamin kwamfuta.

Kuma mafi ƙarancin sandar shine derfish jerboa, wanda nauyinsa shine gram 3 kawai.

Mafi yawan jijiyoyin wuya ne, halittun da suke da gajeru kafafu da wutsiya. A Kudancin Amurka, wasu nau'ikan sun sami wata gabar jiki mai daɗewa, waɗanda suka dace da rayuwa akan filayen ciyawa (agouti da paki).

Agouti (Dasyprocta kuturta)

Sunan kimiyya na rodents ya fito ne daga kalmar Latin "rodere", wanda ke nufin "cizo".

Abubuwa masu rarrabe na rodents sune babba da ƙananan ƙananan haɓaka na haɓaka, masu kaifi sosai, kullun suna haifar da tsohuwar ƙwayar cuta marasa tushe. Tare da taimakonsu, dabbar za ta iya zub da kwasfa ko kwasfa don zuwa abincin da yake boye a ciki. Ba su da tsatsotsi, amma akwai madaidaitan motsi, wanda za su iya ɗanɗana kowane abinci. Akwai fili mai girma tsakanin incisors da molars - diastema: za a iya jan lebe a ciki don kare bakin daga ingesing inedible gabobin rabu da incisors.

Ga mafi yawan, adadin hakora ba su wuce 22. Babban abin da ya rage shi ne mazauna Gabas da Gabashin Afirka, waɗanda ke da hakora 28.

Tunda rodents suna ciyar da roughage, abubuwan da ke shigo dasu suna da tushen buɗe kuma suna girma cikin rayuwa. Ana share su ko da yaushe akan abubuwan da ke cikin ƙananan muƙamuƙin.

Tsarin tsokoki muƙamuƙin ƙwaƙwalwa abu ne mai ban sha'awa. Babban waɗannan tsokoki suna tauna, ba wai kawai jagoranci ƙananan kashin zuwa babba ba, har ma yana motsa shi gaba don samar da ikon tauna. A cikin ɓarnatattun ƙwayoyin Paleocene, ƙwayar murƙushewa tayi ƙarami kuma rauni ya shiga gaban kwanyar. A cikin jinsin furotin, sashen na waje na tsoka na masticatory yana fitowa zuwa gaban kwanyar a gaban orbit, yayin da sashin cikin gida ya takaice kuma yana da hannu kawai don kawo ƙananan kashin. A cikin mice, sassan biyu na tsoka na masticatory (na ciki da na ciki) suna da nisa gaba, suna ba da babban inganci na motsawar hancin.

Kusan dukkanin tsokoki suna motsawa - suna motsawa, suna hutawa a kan dukkan ƙafafun ƙafafun da hannuwa. Yatsunsu ya ƙare a cikin cikakkun bayanai, wanda za'a iya yin tsawo a cikin wasu nau'ikan ɓarna (Cape digger). Wasu nau'ikan Kudancin Amurka (agouti) an dace da su don gudu da tafiya-yatsa - yayin motsawa sun dogara ne kawai akan tukin yatsunsu. Fafin kafan suna kama da motsu. A cikin wasu, sun dace da yanayin rayuwar ruwa-ruwa (beavers), paws suna ta yanar gizo. Kodayake yawancin mambobin ƙungiyar ba su da ƙafafun sauri, jigilar jaket da jerboa da ke zaune a cikin daji na iya tseren tare da yashi a saurin kusan 50 kilomita / h!

Entaƙƙarfan wutsiya babban tsarin ɗalibi ne mai haɓaka. Don haka, ga beaver, yana da faɗi da faɗi kuma an tsara shi don iyo cikin sauri ruwa ƙarƙashin ruwa. A muskrat, ana matsa shi a gefe kuma ana amfani dashi azaman rudder. Manyen Kangaroo, jakuna masu ruwa da jerboas suna da wutsiya mai tsayi, wani lokacin tare da goge gashi a ƙarshen, kuma amfani dashi azaman ma'aurata. A cikin wasu speciesananan (an (mousean marayu), wutsiyar tana kamawa ana amfani dashi azaman reshe na biyar. A cikin nau'in shiryawa na huhu (kwari mai kwari na kudu), wutsiya tana da wadatarwa kuma tana samar da ma'auni biyu da ƙarin tallafi. A cikin wasu huɗuba, jela mai gajarta ne, ba a iya ganinta, kuma yawancin nau'in wutsiya alade basa da komai.

Rodents suna da sikirin da ke ɗauke da ƙwayar cuta mai ɗauke da ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke tabbatar da rushewar ƙwayoyin sel.

Wakilan aƙalla iyalai uku (masu shayarwa, masu koyar da wasan kwaikwayo da abin ƙayatar) suna da alamun kunci. Fuka-fukai masu fatar fata suna shiga ciki daga sasann bakin, wani lokacin har suka kai matakin kafada. Dabbobi na iya juya su waje don tsaftacewa. Ana amfani da jaka don ɗaukar abinci da ba da izinin dabbobi don ƙirƙirar ajiyar abubuwa masu ban sha'awa. Misali, wani kan iya amfani da wani lokaci har zuwa 90 kilogiram na kayayyaki a cikin kayan sa!

Rodents suna da hankali kuma suna iya warware mafi sauki ayyuka don samun abinci. Ana samun sauƙin horar dasu don guje wa abubuwan saurin guba.

Halinsu na ƙanshi da jinsu suna da haɓaka. Jinsunan Nocturnal suna da manyan idanu. Baya ga wannan, duk sandar na sanye take da dogayen gashin baki (vibrissa).

Halin hali da salon rayuwa

Tunda beraye suna zaune a cikin yankuna daban daban, suna buƙatar daidaitawa da yanayin rayuwa daban-daban, kuma berayen basu da ɗaya, amma hanyoyi da yawa don daidaitawa:

• Ayyuka a duk shekara. Waɗannan dabbobin suna tara “ranar ruwa” kowace shekara.
• Amma za su iya yi ba tare da hannun jari ba, idan wurin zama shago ne, gidaje ko kantin sayar da kayan miya,
• Hijira na lokaci-kusa da lokacin hunturu, mice suna yin ƙaura daga wurin rayuwarsu zuwa wuraren da suke kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam, kuma a lokacin bazara sun koma,
• Don kiyaye ingantaccen yanayin zafin jiki a cikin lokutan zafi ko sanyi, linzamin kwamfuta dole ya motsa sosai, kuma saboda wannan yana ɗaukar abinci mai yawa.

Duk yanayin rayuwa na wannan rodent ya dogara da zafin jiki. Idan linzamin kwamfuta ba ya motsa a cikin hunturu, zai daskarewa, kuma idan bai motsa ba a lokacin rani, a lokacin zafi, jikin zai fitar da zafi mai yawa wanda zai iya kashe dabba.

Sabili da haka, rayuwar gaba ɗaya ta linzamin kwamfuta ya ƙunshi gaskiyar cewa yana motsawa - yana samo abinci, ci, cinikin wasannin mating da haɓaka zuriya. Babban motsi a cikin mice yana farawa da farkon duhu. A wannan lokacin ne suka fara neman abinci, suka tsara gidansu, wato, tono ramuka, da kuma kare shafin yanar gizon su daga kabilu.

Karka yi tunanin wannan kankanin linzamin kwamfuta - mahaukaci ne. A kan aiwatar da tsaron gidanta, za ta iya kai hari ga dabba da ta fi girma da linzamin kwamfuta kanta. Idan linzamin kwamfuta yana zaune a inda kullun magariba yake, to ya zama yana aiki sosai, kuma dole ya huta kaɗan.

Amma idan mutane koyaushe suna cikin mazaunin mice, to, berayen ba su da 'kunya' - lokacin da dakin yayi shiru, zasu iya fita neman abinci da rana. Koyaya, idan an sa linzamin kwamfuta azaman mai gidan dabbobi, to lallai ya dace da yanayin mai shi. Wadannan dabbobin suna zaune ne a kungiyoyi, saboda mutum mai kaɗaici ba zai iya wadatar da wadataccen abinci ba, samun abinci da gano haɗari cikin lokaci.

Gaskiya ne, rayuwa a cikin gidan linzamin kwamfuta ba koyaushe ba gajimare - rikice-rikice masu yawa kuma suna faruwa, wanda, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya barke saboda rashin abinci. Mata suna da nutsuwa sosai fiye da maza, galibi galibi sukan yi kiwo tare kuma suna aiki tare domin renonsu.

Motar dabba ce ta dabba Kuma yana biyayya da dokokin Iyalinsa. Daga ina aka sami wani dabba a cikin wannan iyali, aikinta shima ya dogara. Jagora ne wanda ke kayyade lokutan farkawa kuma ya huta da waɗanda ke ƙarƙashinsa. Bugu da kari, mice masu rauni suna kokarin tono ramuka da kuma samun nasu abincin a daidai lokacin da shugaban dangi yake hutawa, don kar ya sake kama gabansa.

Juyin Halitta

Daga mahangar juyin halitta, ƙwayoyin dabbobi gungun matasa ne da ke adana yawancin hanyoyin da ba a tantance bambancinsu ba.

Mafi tsohuwar ragowar ƙwayoyin tsoka ta kasance har zuwa ƙarshen zamanin Paleocene (shekaru 57 da suka shude), kuma a wannan lokacin duk abubuwan farko na abubuwan ɓoye da aka riga aka kafa.

Dabbobin da suka fi tsufa suna zaton sun kasance daga zuriyar sunadaran proteinace (Paramyidae).

A lokacin mulkin Eocene (shekaru 55-34 da suka shude), bambancin haɓaka mai girma ya girma cikin sauri, kuma ta ƙarshensa, tsalle-tsalle, tono, da kuma siffofin gudu tabbas sun bayyana.

A kan iyakar Eocene da Oligocene (shekaru miliyan 34 da suka gabata), iyalai da yawa da aka sansu sun riga sun zauna Arewacin Amurka, Turai da Asiya, kuma a lokacin Miocene (kimanin shekaru miliyan 20 da suka gabata) yawancin yawancin iyalan da suke rayuwa a yau.

Wataƙila mafi mahimmancin abin da ya faru a cikin juyin halittar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa shine farawa a ƙarshen Miocene (kimanin shekaru miliyan 8 da suka gabata) a cikin Turai na dangin Muridae. A cikin Pliocene, wataƙila sun ratsa tsibirin Timor zuwa Ostiraliya, inda suka sami canjin yanayin juyin halitta cikin sauri. A lokaci guda, linzamin kwamfuta ya mamaye Kudancin Amurka, yana kutsowa can daga arewaci tare da isthmus wanda ke haɗa shi da Arewacin Amurka, wanda ya haifar da canji mai ban tsoro na asirin Amurka a Kudancin Amurka.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Yawancin lokaci waɗannan dabbobin da ke rayuwa a cikin yanayin halitta suna ciyar da hatsi, ƙwayar hatsi, tsaba. Suna son kowane abinci na shuka - 'ya'yan itãcen bishiyoyi, tsaba na ganye da duk abin da za'a iya samu daga shuka. Idan wannan sandar ta rayu kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam, to menu zai zama ya bambanta.

Anan, burodi, kayan lambu, da tsiran alatu tuni ana cinye - linzamin kwamfuta ba ya ƙima a zaɓar. Hakanan yana faruwa cewa berayen suna cin karen takwarorinsu marasa ƙarfi, amma wannan na faruwa idan an kulle motsi tare a cikin keji sannan babu inda za'a ɗauki abinci da yawa. Beraye suna yin daidai.

Idan kun sami nasarar siyan motsi a matsayin dabbobi, to, zaku iya ciyar da shi tare da hatsi, gurasa, cuku, kayan lambu, da kowane abincin shuka, amma ya fi dacewa ku bi abincin da ke kusa da abincin ɗan adam na waɗannan dabbobin. Ciyar da dabbobinku sau ɗaya a rana, overfeeding na waɗannan crumbs yana cike da cututtuka.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

Anƙara jiji na faruwa ba tare da tsayi da tsayi ba. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, namiji yakan shayar da mace ta wari, ya same ta da ma'aurata. Bayan ɗan lokaci, mace ta kawo daga mice 3 zuwa 10. An haifi tsokoki da makafi da tsiraici, amma suna haɓaka da sauri. Tunda kwanaki 30, karamar mace tayi balagagge, kuma namiji ya balaga cikin kwanaki 45.

Wannan ana iya bayyana shi cikin sauƙi ta gaskiyar cewa rayuwar wannan sandent ba ta daɗewa, shekaru 2-3 kawai. Amma, tunda mace za ta iya haihuwar zuriya sau 3-4 a shekara, ana sake dawo da yawan jama'a fiye da kima.

Mice-kamar (Myomorpha)

Ya ƙunshi iyalai takwas:

• linzamin kwamfuta
• linzamin kwamfuta,
• jerboa,
• tawadar Allah
• farashi,
• hammas
• zomo zomo,
• linzamin kwamfuta

Kusan 2/3 na nau'in ƙwayar tsoka a cikin gidan Murine kawai (Muridae). Wannan iyali ya haɗa da nau'ikan sanannu guda 1303, kuma wannan lambar tana ƙaruwa koyaushe sakamakon sabbin abubuwan bincike. An rarraba beraye a duniya, gami da Ostiraliya da New Guinea, inda su ne kawai dabbobi masu shayarwa na duniya (ba kirga zomo da aka gabatar kwanan nan ba). Suna wakiltar dangi wanda yafi yawancin beraye da beraye.

Field linzamin kwamfuta (Apodemus agranius)

Wakilan nau'ikan berayen kwayoyin (Spalacidae) sun fi dacewa da yanayin rayuwa. Idanunsu sun ɓoye gaba ɗayan fata, kuma abubuwan ɓarnar da wutsiya sun ɓace.

Molearancin tawadar Allah

Zuwa mafi girma ko ƙasa, duk membobin gidan jerboa (Dipodidae) sun dace don tsalle ko sake buɗewa.

Jerboa Tsawon Taka (Yasar naso)

Abubuwan kariya na ƙananan yanki (Sciuromorpha)

Ya ƙunshi iyalai uku:

Iyalin squirrel (Sciuridae) shine na biyu mafi yawancin dangi bayan dangin motsi (sun hada da nau'ikan 273). Wakilan squirrels sun zama gama gari a duk Turai, Afirka, Arewa da Kudancin Amurka. Kwakwalwa na yau da kullun ita ce sanannun wakilan. Hakanan an hada masu hoto, guntu da marmots.

Squasaren Kaida (Sciurus vulgaris)

Sonya (Gliridae) a cikin bayyanar shine gicciye tsakanin mice da squirrels. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin jini ne waɗanda ba su da isal, wanda ke nuna ƙaramin adadin ƙwayoyin cellulose a cikin abincinsu.

Iyakar abin da dangin Aplodontiidae shine tafi (giya dutsen).

Orderabilar Biredi (Castorimorpha)

Iyalai uku suka wakilta:

'Yan Beavers (Castoridae) - manyan zoben da ke da kunci da ƙugiyoyi mai ƙarfi. Mafi shahara, ba shakka, beaver. Ya shahara da farko don gaskiyar cewa yana iya canza yanayin gari a cikin mazauninsu. Tare da taimakon manyan incisors, ya fadada bishiyoyi, gina madatsun ruwa da bukkoki daga wannan kayan (ƙarin game da beavers a wannan labarin).

Wakilan dangin gopher (Geomyidae) sun fi yawancin rayuwarsu a karkashin kasa a cikin tsarinsu na burrow. A waje, suna kama da moles.

A baya gofer (Geomys bursarius)

Sashin Hapatopods (Heteromyidae) baƙaƙe ne na rayuwa wanda ke zaune a wurare dabam-dabam na Amurka.

Orirƙirar Bayan ƙasa (Hystricomorpha)

Wannan suborder ya haɗa kusan nau'ikan 300 a cikin iyalai 18 (agoutium, porcupine, Guinea alade, digger, chinchilla, dutsen dutsen, da sauransu).

Mafi yawan bangarorin, wadannan sune manyan dabbobin da ke rayuwa a tsakanin Kudancin da Amurka ta Tsakiya. Daga cikin su, baranda, Guinea aladu, diggers, nutria, chinchillas, da dai sauransu sun fi shahara.

Kirkirar Amurka ta Arewa (Erethizon dorsatum)

Yankin Thoayan kamar (Anomaluromorpha)

Ya hada da iyalai 2:

Iyalin farko (Pedetidae) suna da wakilci ta hanyar jinsuna ɗaya - mai ba da gudummawa da ke zaune a filayen Afirka. Wannan dabbar tana kama da ƙaramin kangaroo.

Dabbar Dolphin (Alfa da kai tsaye)

Tsutsotsi (anomaluridae) daga gandun daji na Afirka suna waje suna kama da squirrels, amma suna da kusanci sosai tare da su.

squirrel thorntail (Zenkerella insignis)

Rayuwa mai kyau

Yawancin rodents suna zaune a cikin iyalai ko mazauna, galibi manya-manya. Misali, yawan yankunan makiyayan karnuka na iya kai mutum dubu 5. Hanyar rayuwa guda ɗaya ita ce mafi halayyar jinsin da za su iya kare albarkatun abincinsu daga masu fafatawa. Daga cikin su, mazaunan busassun kwari da hamada - hamsters da wasu ƙanƙarar jeji.

Samun ma'anar gabobin hankali, tsokoki suna sadarwa ta amfani da ji, gani da wari. Ana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sadarwa ta hanyar murya. Misali, chipmunks na Arewacin Amurka da masu golf suna amfani da manyan sautuna don sanar da maƙwabta kasancewar su kuma don kare yankin. Akwai ƙararrawa na musamman a cikin kayan da ake amfani dasu lokacin da maƙiyin ya bayyana. A cikin wasu masarrafai daban-daban, yawan saututtukan da aka fitar sun wuce tunanin mutum (kamar 45 kHz). Kari akan haka, suna sadarwa ta hanyar kayan kamshi wanda glandon daban-daban ke samarwa. Maza yawanci suna da wari mai ƙarfi fiye da mace.

Sanda a hadarin

Ofarfin ƙwayoyin zazzage suyi sauri tare da ɗaure duk nau'ikan mazaunan kuma yana sa waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa da yawa cikin halittu masu yawa. Suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar mutane.

Amma ba kowane nau'in ƙwayoyin tsoka suke bunƙasa ba. Akalla nau'ikan 50 sun lalace a cikin ƙarni biyu da suka gabata, kuma fiye da 350 na iya raba gari.

Yawancin waɗanda ke cikin haɗari sune jinsin 78 waɗanda ke wakiltar ƙananan, keɓantattun mutanen da ke ci gaba da raguwa. Ga wasunsu, irin su Margarita kangaroo jumper da dutsen bishijan na Brazil, kare mazauninsu yana basu fatan samun tsira. Ga waɗansu, kamar mosaic reef rat, babu wani bege kuma - a cikin 2016, kwamiti wanda ya ƙunshi membobin Ma'aikatar Kare Muhalli da Gidaje ta Queensland ya kammala cewa dabbar ta mutu sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa akai-akai a tsibirin yashi mai laushi.

Kimanin nau'ikan nau'ikan 100 na ƙwaƙƙwaran haɗari na haɗari suna cikin ƙananan haɗarin. Yawan mutanensu har zuwa 2500 mutane galibi suna kasu kashi da dama cikin hadari. Misali, jinsuna biyu na tsakiyar Amurka agouti da nau'ikan 6 na gandun daji na Mexico sun fada wannan rukunin.

Tunani: Dabbobi masu shayarwa: Cikakken Ilimi Encyclopedia / Transl .. Daga Ingilishi / Littattafai. II. Half-hoofed, ungulate, rodents, rabb-like, giwa hoppers, kwari, jemagu, dabbobi masu ban tsoro, marsupials, izinin tafiya ɗaya. / Ed. D. MacDonald. - M: "Omega", - 2007.

Fitowar linzamin kwamfuta

Tare da yin cikakken nazari, ya zama a bayyane yake cewa girman ƙwayar daji tana da ɗan girma fiye da sauran sandunan - tsawon jikin mutum ya kai 12 cm.

Motsa daji (Apodemus uralensis).

Bugu da kari, tana da dogon wutsiya mai tsayi, wanda yayi daidai da tsawon jiki ko ma ya zarce shi. Idanun suna da girma, saita faɗi - daɗaɗɗen kama da beads m. Kunnuwa suna da girma, suna tsaye a tsaye - waɗannan motsin suna da sauraro mai ban mamaki, wanda ke ba su damar yin ritaya cikin lokaci daga haɗarin da ke gaba.

Launin rigar a cikin mice daji galibi yana da ja, tare da bayyane launin launin ruwan launin ruwan sama a bayan baya. Ciki, ya yi akasin haka, farare ne, wani lokacin ma yana da launin toka mai launin shuɗi. Tsakanin manyan gwiwoyi, takaddun rawaya mai haske na fata yawanci yana kasancewa, wanda ke faruwa duka a cikin nau'i na oval kuma a cikin nau'i na karamin tsiri.

Mahalli linzamin kwamfuta

Babban wurin zama, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, ragin daji ne da ke hade da gabashin Turai, da Caucasus, da kuma Turkiyya.

Mice daji suna rayuwa galibi a cikin gandun daji masu fafutuka da gauraye na Gabashin Turai.

Hakanan, waɗannan berayen suna zaune a Altai, arewa maso gabashin Kazakhstan da China. Hakanan, ana samun zurfin tsintsiya na daji sosai a cikin tsaunukan kudu, inda babu gandun daji. Wadannan rodents suna matukar son ƙasar noma, musamman - albarkatun hatsi.

Akwai shaidar yawan jama'a a tsibirin Bahar Rum, da kuma cikin tsaunukan Arewacin Afirka.

Kamar yadda wuraren zama, linzamin kwamfuta na daji ya fi son tsohuwar gandun daji, tare da tsintsaye masu yawa da ƙasan fari. Suna shirya kansu da ramuka a cikin tushen bishiyoyi, da kuma a cikin ciyawa mai bushe da ganye. Suna son yin sulhu a cikin mafaka na halitta, idan an samo su.

Rayuwar linzamin kwamfuta

Duk tsawon rayuwarsa, linzamin daji yana rayuwa a cikin wani rami wanda yake tono a cikin ciyawa mara nauyi kusa da rhizomes bishiyoyi da bushes. Nora tsari ne na motsi da ɗakuna, kowane yana da manufa ta musamman. Akwai ɗakin hutawa na tilas, da kuma abubuwan ɗorawa da yawa waɗanda ƙoshinan ke adana hannun jari domin hunturu.

Wannan karamin sandar yana haifar da rayuwar da ba ta dace ba, lokaci-lokaci barin barin rami da rana.

A can za ku iya samun wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki - girbi ɗaya daga linzami daga kilo 3 zuwa 5 na ajiyar iri daban-daban don lokacin sanyi.

Saboda girman su da kuma babban motsi, waɗannan dabbobin suna da ƙarfi, sabili da haka kallon su babbar nasara ce. Yawancin lokaci, a cikin mafi karancin rudani, ƙwayar daji ta ɓoye a cikin mafaka mafi kusa, kuma ta daskarewa, ƙoƙarin kada ta ci amanar kasancewar ta.

Duba bayanin

Icea Forestan daji suna da ɗan girma fiye da danginsu na gida. Matsakaicin tsayin jikinsu shine 7-10 cm, amma ana samun manyan mutane kuma (12-15 cm). Wutsiya a cikin bera yana da tsawon daidai yake da tsawon jiki. Theaƙarin sandar ba ta wuce 25-30 g.

Babban bayanin mutane:

• Shugaban ya fi girma tare da elongated nuna wulakanci,
• Idanu sunyi kama da manyan beads baki
• Entarancin yana da kunnuwa masu tsawon gaske, wanda zai iya kai girman cm 2 Irin waɗannan kunnuwa suna da mahimmanci a cikin mataimakan a cikin ɓoyayyen gandun daji,
• Mafi yawan lokuta akwai dabbobi masu launin ruwan kasa, ƙasa da ja da rawaya,
• A ciki fari, wasu mutane suna da rawaya a ciki,
• Iceaicean da ke zaune a wuraren tsaunuka suna da haske a kann ƙirjinsu. Haka kuma akwai launin rawaya ko rawaya tsakanin tsintsayen daji.
• A launi da matasa dabbobi ne kasa mai haske fiye da na manya mice.

Motsa daji:

Yaya haihuwa take faruwa?

Yin haifuwa yana faruwa da ƙarfi a cikin lokacin dumi: daga ƙarshen Maris zuwa Satumba. Ta yaya jiji dajin daji:

1. Mace na iya kawo zuriya 3-4 har tsawon 1, amma a yankuna masu dumin yanayi wannan adadi yana ƙaruwa,
2. Zaman na tsawon kwanaki 20-25,
3. Matar tana kaiwa daga mice 3 zuwa 6, waɗanda aka haife su makaho, kurma kuma ba gashi.

Mouseirƙirar daji

Sake haifan wannan karamin dabba yana faruwa ne musamman a cikin lokacin dumi - daga ƙarshen Maris zuwa Satumba, linzamin kwamfuta na iya samar da zuriya 3-4, kowannensu yana da mice 3-6. Yara suna haɓaka da sauri - a kusan wata ɗaya da haihuwa tuni sun sami cikakken abincinsu, ya bambanta da manya kawai girman su.

Bayan sun kai shekaru uku, mice daji suna shirye su kawo zuriyarsu. Sakamakon irin wannan saurin kiwo, guguwar daji tana iya ɗaukar kowane wuri cikin hanzari idan ba isasshen abokan halitta a can. Abubuwan kuya da kuliyoyi, da dawakai, suna da haɗari musamman ga waɗannan ƙwayoyin - suna iya gane burbushin ƙwayoyin bishiyoyi a ƙasa, kuma, suna tono su, sai suka kama runduna.

Jigilar gandun daji sune jigilar cututtukan encephalitis da ke ɗauke da cutar, brucellosis, tularemia, anthrax da sauran cututtuka.

Muhimmancin dajin linzamin daji ga mutane

Kamar kowane karamin sandent, linzamin daji shine kwaro na amfanin gona da hatsi da kananan bishiyoyi da tsirrai. Cin matasa harbe, da linzamin kwamfuta kusan dooms da shuka ya mutu. Saboda wannan ne dalilin da ya sa noma ke ta fama ta kowace hanya tare da mamayar bera, kuma gandun daji suna ƙoƙarin sarrafa yawan masu farautar don su ɓoye layin ƙwayau na dindindin.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

Mouse - kwatancen da halayen waje

A duk faɗin ƙasa, ban da matsanancin yankuna na arewa da tuddai, waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin wuta sun zama ruwan dare. Mafi kusancin dangin mice sune jerboas, berayen bera, hamsters da dormouse. Kuma a cikin dangantakar da ke nesa ita ce bera, chinchillas, baranda, beavers, aladu Guinea. Gaba ɗaya, Mouse ɗin yana haɓaka asalin halittar 121 da fiye da 300.

Moto aan ƙarama ne ƙaramin dabba mai tsoka mai kama da tsoratarwa, manyan kunnuwa masu zagaye da manyan beads idanu. Dogo, danshi ko kuma wutsiya kadan alama ce ta dabba. Hannun kafafu, ba iri daya ba a tsayi, an daidaita su don digging, suna motsawa a tsaye da saman kwance. Tsawon jikin sandar na iya bambanta daga 3 zuwa 20 cm, nauyi - daga 15 zuwa 50 g.

Dabbobi daga dangin Mouse an bambanta su ta hanyar hangen nesa mai kyau kuma suna iya rarrabe tsakanin launuka masu launin ja da rawaya. Yawan zafin jiki na yau da kullun a cikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin girman jiki ya tashi daga 37.5 zuwa 39 ° C. Matsakaicin rayuwar mice shine shekaru 4.

Yadda mice ke nuna hali a cikin yanayin halitta

Domin jijiyoyi don kula da yawan zafin jiki na jiki, suna buƙatar yin aiki a cikin hunturu da bazara, dare da rana. Muguwar giya da damuwa ga mice alamomi ne na halayya wadanda ke taimakawa rayuwa da barin zuriya.

A cikin kaka, dabbobi sun fara tattara guzuri a cikin mink ko kuma a saman ƙasa, inda "shagon" yake masar da ƙasa. Kuma idan a cikin ɓata lokaci - rodents suna farke da dare, kuma barci lokacin da rana, to, a lokacin hunturu aiki ya kasance a kusa da agogo. A cikin bazara da damina, lokacin da babu ƙarancin abinci da canji, zazzabi ya yawaita.

Mice suna zama a cikin manyan iyalai, tunda tare suke da sauki a gare su su kare kansu, samun abinci, gina gidaje, zuriya. A cikin fakitin linzamin kwamfuta akwai wani shugaba wanda ke kiyaye tsari a cikin kungiyar. Man mata na cikin lumana. Amma samari koyaushe basu yi sulhu da matsayin na su ba. Yankin kafaɗun kafaɗun kafa da tsoratar da wutsiya suna nuna niyyar dabbar zata cinye "kursiyin". Rikicin iyali na iya haifar da rushe garken.

Ina ne beraye suke zaune a cikin daji?

A cikin burrows, bera suna ciyar da mafi yawan lokacinsu don haɓaka zuriya, gujewa haɗari, tara abinci, ko hutawa bayan cin shi. Matsakaicin zurfin rami shine 70 cm, kuma duka tsinkayen zasu iya kaiwa zuwa 20. Wasu nau'ikan berayen suna gina gida a cikin ciyawar manyan ciyayi (linzamin yarinyar) ko suna rayuwa cikin tushen bishiyoyi da tsoffin tsutsotsi (linzamin daji).

Minks na ɗan lokaci ne da na dindindin, ƙarshen na iya zama lokacin bazara da damuna. Gidajen dabbobi na wucin gadi an shirya su ne kawai. Dindindin linzamin kwamfuta rami yana da fadi da dakin majalisa da yawa bayanai. A cikin burrows na bazara, inda ƙwayoyin dabbobi suke haihuwar yara, an ƙirƙiri zuriyar dabbobi daga ƙasa, ruwan wukake, ƙoshin fuka-fukai. Kuma a cikin hunturu - an shirya ɗakin dafa abinci don hannun jari.

Me motsi yake ci a cikin yanayin halitta?

A lokacin rani da damina, lokacin da girbi ya farfado, mice fara rayayye shirya abincin ajiyar na hunturu. Babban abincin dabbobi shine hatsi, da kuma tsirrai daban-daban. Firam ɗin mice kamar alkama, sha'ir, hatsi, buckwheat.

Abubuwan da ke zaune a cikin gandun daji suna ciyar da kwayoyi na itacen al'ul, ƙugi, maple, beech, ciyawa, da ƙananan kwari. Kuma dabbobin da ke zaune kusa da jikkunan ruwa sun gwammace su ci ganye, tushen da mai tushe na tsirrai, berries, ciyayi, zawara, larvae, gizo-gizo da sauran hanyoyin kwari. Gidan bera, zaune kusa da mutane, da yardan rai sun daidaita da abincin ɗan adam kuma ku ci abinci, nama, kayan kiwo, Sweets.

Dabbobin da ke rayuwa cikin daji suna shan ruwa kaɗan. Theungiyar ƙwaƙwalwar motsi tana samar da ruwa, yana lalata abinci. Sourcesarin hanyoyin danshi ganye ne masu tsire-tsire, 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan marmari.

Abokan gaban mice

Motsa linzamin kwamfuta babbar hanyar haɗi ce a cikin jerin abincin da ke cikin yawancin halittu. Yawancin dabbobin daji sun dogara da wanzuwar wannan ƙaramar sander. Don berayen da suke zaune a cikin gandun daji, manyan abokan gaba su ne dawakai, martens, arctic dawakai, ferrets, ermines, weasels, lynxes, har ma da kyarkeci. Masu fashin baki suna sauƙaƙe ramuka kuma suna iya cinye ƙananan dabbobi 30 30 kowace rana.

Mice sune babban abincin macizai da manyan lamuran. 'Ya'yan dabbobi masu rarrafe kamar su ɗan mulkin boto, mayu, mai mayu, macijin mai walƙiya ya haɗiye wanda aka azabtar. Yayin farautar, macijin ya sake daskarewa, sannan kuma ya afkawa wanda aka azabtar dashi a hankali, ya cije shi da hako mai dafi, sannan ya jira dabbar ta zama mai motsi.

Sama da mice, hatsarin ma yana lurks. A cikin tsuntsayen akwai masu farauta, waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙarfin gemun, isharar gani da ji. Waɗannan sune owls, buzzards, hawks, gaggafa, mujiya, kuti. Sukan yi farauta da rana ko da dare, suna yin kai hari ta sama.

Yawancin motsi suke zaune?

Tsawon rayuwa na ƙwaƙwalwa ya dogara ne da yanayin muhalli kai tsaye. Matsakaicin adadi shine shekaru 2-3. Abubuwan da suka shafi yanayi kamar su yanayi, abinci mai gina jiki, cututtuka masu yaduwa, da harin dabbobin daji suna da babban tasiri ga rayuwar dabbobi.

Don mice, duka sanyi da m, yanayin zafi zai iya zama mai m. Yayi yawan zafin jiki mai kaifi sosai yana rusa yawancin ikon mallaka. Sau da yawa ana dangantawa da yanayin da ikon cin abinci da kyau. Abincin da bai dace ba yana rage rayuwar linzamin kwamfuta.

Yawancin nau'ikan berayen da suke rayuwa nesa da ɗan adam suna rayuwa kaɗan ko sama da shekara guda. Dabbobin, wanda aka yi tarko da shi, suna karɓar abinci mai kyau da kulawa, zai iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 6.

Sake bugun a cikin mice

Motsa dabbobi ne masu yawan aure. A dabi’ance, namiji daya takin daga mace biyu zuwa biyu. Fiye da watanni 12, brood 3 zuwa 8 sun bayyana a cikin mice. Mace ta kai lokacin balaga 10 makonni bayan haihuwa. A wannan lokacin, ta fara estrus, wanda ya kasance kwanaki 5 kuma an bayyana shi a cikin hali na musamman.

Idan macen ba ta yi nasarar zama da juna biyu ba bayan an rufe ta, to za a sami sabon kwayar cutar a cikin mako guda. A game da hadi da nasara, bayan kwanaki 17 zuwa 24, ana tsammanin dabbar mace ta haihu. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi guda akwai fromaya 3 zuwa 9. Mouse mace suna haihuwa da dare. Jariri, da aka haife su, ba su da ikon motsawa, ji da gani. Ba su da gashin gashi, kuma girman yana daga 2 zuwa 3 cm.

Kwanaki 3 - wani farin ruwa ya bayyana a jiki, kwanaki 5 - 'yan sanduna sun fara ji, kwanaki 7 - nauyin jikin dabbar ya ninka, kwanaki 14 - yankan farji sun yanke, kwanaki 19 - jijiyoyin sun fara cin abincin nasu, kwanaki 25 - tsawon jikin ya kai 500 mm (wutsiya tayi guntu 15-20mm) kuma linzamin kwamfuta ya riga ya balaga.

Mouse Shrew or Shrew (Myosorex)

Dabbobi daga dangin Shrews sun kasu kashi 14 ne kawai. Wannan linzamin kwamfuta tare da dogon hanci yana da ƙananan girma (6-10 cm). Cuba cubanyen da aka haife su kawai ba su kai 1 g. Dabbobin da aka lanƙwasa a ƙarshen hanci ana kiransu proboscis. Gashin dabbar yana da haske, mai kauri, siliki, tana iya zama launin toka, ocher, launuka masu launin ja.

Mouse mai tsayi, hanci mai tsayi an daidaita shi zuwa sararin samaniya saboda godiya. Ita dabba ce mai yawan iko, amma ta fi son cin kwari, har ma da wasu tsintsayen ƙwayoyin cuta (kwaɗi, cubaƙwalwa, ƙananan dabbobi masu rarrafe). Idan babu abinci, wannan dabba zata iya rayuwa sama da awanni 10.

Manyan wuraren shuki suna zaune a Kudancin Amurka, Afirka, Australia. Wannan karamin linzamin kwamfuta wanda ya da hanci mai tsawo yana jin dadi kusa da tafkunan, a cikin gandun daji mara nauyi da kuma gajerar da ke cikin dutse.

Jafananci (Sylvaemus mystacinus)

Motsa tare da manyan kunnuwa masu zagaye da dogon hanci. Ana kuma kiranta Minan Asiya. Tana zaune a tsibiran Japan, kudu maso yamma na Georgia, da kuma tsibirin Kuril na Rasha. Ya fi son tsaunuka tsaunuka, gandun daji gauraye, tare da tsaunukan daji mai yawa.

Jafananci Jafananci ba su tono ramuka, suna daidaita voids a cikin bishiyoyi da gine-gine, gungu na duwatsu da katako mai duhu. Tsawon akwati da wutsiya kusan daidai suke (har zuwa 13 cm). Watanni 6 masu dumin zafi ne na shekarar su, a cikin wannan lokacin suna ba da magudin ruwa 2-3 na ƙwayoyin 3-6.

Motsa daji (Sylvaemus sylvaticus)

Wani fasalin halayen dabba shine launin rawaya zagaye a kan nono. Tsawon santimita yakai cm 12, wutsiya kuma 7-10 cm.Wadannan berayen zasu iya mamaye burukan da aka watsar, turba mara nauyi, voids karkashin duwatsu da sauran wuraren adana halitta. Mouseanjin dajin yana da yaɗuwa musamman a Siberiya, Yammacin Asiya, Altai, gandun daji na Ukraine, Belarus, da Moldova. Yana ciyar da hatsi, iri, kwayoyi, kwari.

Tabarma Gerbil (Gerbillidae)

A cikin dangin Mouse gerbils, an bambanta su da tsarin daban daban, wanda yawansu yawansu yawansu yakai 100. Hanya ta dabbobi na wadannan dabbobin sune tsauraran matakai na gabashin Turai, hamada da Asiya da kuma hamada. Suna aiki da rana, a cikin hunturu ba sa hibernate, amma salon rayuwa ya zama mafi gajiya.

A waje, ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta fi kama da bera. Tsawon dabba zai iya kaiwa 20 cm, kuma yana nauyi 250 g .. Launin dabba mai launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa ne a bayansa, kuma ya fi wuta a kirji. Tailaƙƙarfan wutsiya mai tsayi yana shuɗewa cikin yanayi mai haɗari; sabon baya girma. Mousearamin ƙwayar cuta na iya tafiya akan ƙafafunsa kuma tsalle mai nisa (har zuwa 4 m). Tana ciyar da hatsi na alkama, sha'ir, masara, gero, har da 'ya'yan itace da ƙwayaye.

Mouse Baby (minan wasan Micromys)

Sunan halittar yana hade da ƙaramin girman dabba. Matsakaicin jikin dabba shine 7 cm, kuma wutsiyar ta kasance cm 5. Dabbobin sun fi son zama a cikin steppe da daji-steppe, a kan filayen hatsi, a cikin ciyawar makiyaya. Daga cikin ciyawa, zaka iya samun gida mai tsire-tsire na wannan sandent, wanda aka yi da busassun mai tushe da ganye.

Ana kwatanta motsi na jariri da launin shuɗi mai launin fata wanda yake bayyana bayan molt na farko. Yana ciyar da abinci a ciki, ganye kore, da hatsi. Mousean ƙaramin jiɓin yana da kwanciyar hankali, da sauri ya saba da sabon yanayin, don haka mutane za su iya tarko da shi.

Motsa farin (Musculus)

Hakanan ana kiranta gidan linzamin kwamfuta ko gidan, saboda dabbar ta daidaita don zama kusa da mutum. A cikin kiwo, garkunan dabbobi, dabbobin, waɗannan garkunan sun hana hadaddun abubuwa masu dimbin yawa, inda suke rayuwa a manyan yankuna. Ba da nisa daga ramuka suna shirya ajiya don abinci: tsaba, kwayoyi, mahaukata, yanka kayan lambu.

Mousearamin fari ba babbar dabba ba ce, tsawonsa ya kai cm 8 zuwa 11. Dogon wutsiya an rufe shi da gashi mai ƙoshin gaske, ana iya ganin zoben hoto a kanta. Launin fata na dabba ya dogara da nau'in halitta, amma tari a bayansa ya fi duhu fiye da kan ciki. Mouse na gida yana zaune a duk nahiyoyi, a cikin duk bangarorin yanayin zafi kuma abokin aminci na mutum ne.

Motsa Inabin (Arvicanthis)

Tsawon jikin mutum da wutsiya na iya wuce cm 30. Grey ko gashi mai launin gashi ya ƙunshi gashin kansa mai taushi da gashin kansa, da ma gashin kansa mai ƙarfi. Tsarin rayuwarsu yayi kama da na mutum - suna farkawa a yayin rana kuma suna bacci da dare.

Wurin haihuwar ciyayi na ciyawa shine kudu maso gabashin Afirka. Wadannan sandunan suna son danshi, kuma suna rayuwa ne musamman a cikin kogunan kogunan, a cikin wurare masu laima na wurare masu zafi. Dukansu za su iya haƙa ramuka kuma su mamaye gidajen sauran mutane.

Field linzamin kwamfuta (Apodemus agrarius)

Motsa filin ba kamar sauran dabbobin gidan Mouse bane. Dabba tana da madaidaicin tsinkayar launin launi akan fatar da ke gudana tare da duk kashin baya, daga kashin wuya zuwa wutsiyar wutsiya. Girman dabba ya bambanta daga 8 zuwa 12 cm ba tare da wutsiya ba. Launi dangane da nau'in na iya bambanta daga launin toka zuwa duhu launin ruwan kasa da baki. Motsa jiki yana gina gidaje da kansa, ko yana amfani da kayan aiki masu dacewa.

Motsa filayen yana zaune a yankuna na Yammacin Turai da Arewacin Turai, da kuma wani yanki na Asiya: China, Sakhalin, Taiwan. Dabba tana son makiyaya da filaye, cikin matattarar maharba, amma kuma tana faruwa a cikin birni. Motsa filayen suna ciyar da kwari iri, hatsi, shuka tsiro da 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Motsa gida: Zabi na Pet

Mice na kwalliya suna da kwalliya, ba masu saurin magana ba ne, masu saukin kai, da sauri ake amfani da su ga masu shi, kuma lura da su abune mai sauqi. Lokacin zabar dabba, ya kamata ka kula da halaye da kuma bayyanar da ƙuruciya. Dabba da lafiyayyen lafiya suna kama da haka:

gashi ba ya fitowa, babu gashin baki, hakora farare, har ma, dabbar tana da idanu masu danshi masu daci, dabbar ba ta da mucous secretions daga hanci da idanu, linzamin kwamfuta yana motsawa yana ci.

Kar a manta shekaru nawa bera suke zaune. Matsakaicin rayuwar waɗannan dabbobin shine shekaru 3-4, saboda haka ya fi kyau zaɓi dabbar da ke ƙasa da watanni 12. Wajibi ne a kula da maza masu jima'i, tunda da yawa maza basa samun jituwa a cikin gida ɗaya.

Moto na cikin gida dabba ce ta gama kai, saboda haka ya fi kyau mutum ya ɗiba. Idan ana shirin kara kiwo dabbobi, to, kafin a canzuwa, dole ne a kiyaye maza da mata dabam.

Mice Mai Kula da Gida

Godiya ga zaɓi na zamani, berayen kayan kwalliya suna da ɗaruruwan nau'ikan, daga cikinsu akwai waƙa, da "waltzing", da dabbobin da suka banbanta launuka na launuka daban-daban (ƙanƙan albino, kyawawan bera baƙi, toka da dabbobin kirim).

Wasu nau'ikan beraye sune sanannen mashahuri:

Motar Jafananci tana da kankanta, har zuwa tsawon cm 5. Fatar fata an yi ado da launuka baki da launin ruwan kasa. M, tsabta da kuzari. Yana jagorantar rayuwa mara kyau. A cikin zurfin dabbobi 5-7. Motsa allura ko akomis babban linzamin kwamfuta ne mai ado tare da allura da yawa dake ko'ina cikin bayan. Launi mai launin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi ko mai launin shuɗi. Mai wuyan wuyan wuyan ya cika ta. Hanci yana da tsawo, idanu suna convex, kunnuwa suna da girma, m a siffar. Mouse yana aiki sosai, da sauri ana amfani da shi ga mutane. Motocin taguwar Afirka na ado suna da launi mai ban sha'awa: haske da ratsi mai duhu suna canza tare da jiki. Dabba ba ta fitar da wari mara dadi. Yana hawa sosai akan saman tsaye. Linzamin kwamfuta linzami - dabbar tana da kunya. Idan akwai haɗari, zai iya yin kamar ya mutu ko ya kai ƙaraga har zuwa mil 2.5. Tsawon jiki da wuya ya wuce 10 cm.

Kulawa da kula da bera a gida

Gidan da mice ke zaune yana iya zama keji, akwatin kifaye, akwatin filastik mai amintattu. Ga adadi kaɗan na dabbobi, mazaunin 25 * 45 * 22 cm ya isa.Wannan farfajiyar terrarium an rufe shi da ɗanɗano daga bishiyun 'ya'yan itace ko tsabtace tsabta daga masara, takarda, bambaro. Canja zuriyar dabbobi da na ado aƙalla sau 1 a mako, amma ya fi kowane kwana 3 aiki. Daga saman terrarium an rufe shi da murfi tare da buɗewa don oxygen.

A cikin gidan, ana kiyaye shinge da yawa, zai fi dacewa a wurare daban-daban. Duk nau'ikan bera suna da aiki sosai kuma suna gudana a cikin yanayin halitta har zuwa 40 km kowace rana, don haka yakamata a sami ƙafafun gudu a cikin farfajiyar. Ana iya ciyar da ruwa ta hanyar kwano na abin sha ko kuma a zuba cikin karamin saucer.

Menene mice na ado suke ci?

Dukkan dabbobi daga dangin Mouse suna da haɗari ga kiba, saboda haka kuna buƙatar sanin menene ƙusoshin kayan ado. Tushen abincin dabba shine hatsi: sha'ir, alkama, masara, masara. Harshen hatsi kada ya kasance ƙasa. Yawancin lokaci mice na gida suna ƙanana kaɗan kuma suna ci har 1 tsp kowace rana. tsananin.

Abubuwan da aka fi so game da dabbobi sune sunflower, kabewa, tsaba na caraway, walnuts, gyada da hazelnuts. Ana buƙatar kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin abincin dabbar. Zai fi kyau idan kayan lambu masu kore ne: farin kabeji, letas, kokwamba, zucchini, broccoli, faski. Kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa ba su da zaki da daɗi: apple, banana, Quince, pear, plum. Lokaci-lokaci, burodi da fari kwai za'a iya bayarwa.

Abin da berayen ba sa cin abinci: 'Ya'yan itacen' ya'yan itacen 'ya'yan lemo, abubuwan ƙona naman, nama, abinci na kuliyoyi da karnuka.

Mice: fa'idodi da cutarwa

An dade da daukar ire-iren dabbobin daji a matsayin abokan gaban mutum. Mouse mara amfani yana lalata shuki. Motsin gidan yana lalata samfura da feces da fitsari, yana sa litattafai, sutura, da ƙawata gida. Yawancin nau'ikan berayen suna ɗauke da cututtukan cututtuka: salmonellosis, hepatitis, encephalitis, toxoplasmosis, tarin fuka da sauran su.

Amma kuma beraye suna kawo fa'ida ga mutane. 'Yan kwalliya da likitoci suna ta amfani da beraye sama da karni suna gudanar da dukkan gwaje-gwajen. Wannan ya faru ne saboda tsananin girman tsarin masussuka da kuma nau'in kwayar halittar dan adam.

Likitocin dabbobi 'yan dabbobi masu girma suna cin kayan masarufi na musamman don dabbobi, agamas, boas, geckos, macizai, ferrets, mujiyoyi da kuliyoyi. Wasu lokuta don waɗannan dalilai ana amfani da ƙwanƙolin kayan ado, waɗanda aka mika wa shagunan dabbobi.

Mice a Tarihi da Al'adu

A cikin tsohuwar Girka, an ɗauki farin linzami a matsayin dabba mai tsabta. Dubun dauloli na dabbobi sun zauna a cikin haikalin. Su jarumawa ne na almara da almara. Sun yi tunani cewa farin linzamin kwamfuta yana taimaka wa lamuran don ganin abin da zai faru a nan gaba, kuma aikin haifuwar dabbobi ya yi alkawarin wadata da girbi mai kyau. An ɗauki ƙwaƙwalwar baƙar fata a matsayin samfurin datti kuma yana ƙarƙashin warwatse.

A Japan, sun yi imani cewa farin linzamin kwamfuta yana kawo farin ciki. Ganin wurin da mulkin mulkin mallaka yake alama alama ce mai kyau, kuma makashin matattara yana nufin baƙin ciki. Sinawa sun dauki wannan dabba a matsayin wata alama ta hikima da gaskiya. Kuma a tsakanin tsoffin Farisawa da Masarawa, akasin haka, fararen fari da baƙi an ba su halakarwa, mugayen iko. Sun danganta mamaye zoben da makircin allahn Ahriman.

Cats sun bayyana a cikin gidan mutum saboda karfin jijiyoyin da ke cutarwa. Ko da shekaru 6 da suka wuce, mutane sun fara ciyar da kuliyoyin daji, kuma waɗannan, biyun, sun fara kare kayan abincinsu. Amma har yanzu, bera don cat na gida suna zama abin faranta rai. Wannan hargitsi mai tsayi shine tushen tatsuniyoyi, waƙoƙi, majigin yara, da karin magana da yawa. A zamanin Intanet, bidiyo na musamman don kuliyoyi sun bayyana. Linzamin kwamfuta a allon don cat cat ya zama wani yanayi don tuna abin da ya farauta.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da mice

Mice basa son cuku kwata-kwata. Maimakon haka, dabbobi za su fi son hatsi ko ƙwaya. Kyafaye man alade shine maganin da aka fi so don waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin. Ana amfani da shi azaman katako a cikin mousetrap. Shekaru daya kawai shine nawa marsupial maza suke rayuwa. Don kiwon waddan nan dabbobi, yanayin ya ɗauki sati 2 kawai. Bayan ma'aurata, wanda yakai awanni 10-13, sai namiji ya mutu domin ya ba 'ya'yansu rai. Babban mahimmanci a cikin sadarwa tsakanin mice shine wari. Tare da taimakon alamun “ƙanshi” (daga feces, fitsari, ɓoye daga gland) rodents sun mamaye yankin, suna jan kansu a sararin samaniya, suna yada junan su ga juna. Kowane dangin linzamin kwamfuta yana da kamshinsa na musamman, wanda ke nuna alaƙar ɗan adam. Mousearamin kwaro mai cike da farin ciki, jariri mara maye shine gwarzo mai canzawa ta duniyar mediya ta zamani. Kwamfutar hannu mai ban dariya da wasanni na waya suna ba da damar kama linzamin kwamfuta akan allon, don cat na gida wannan zai iya zama magani na ainihi, kuma ga mai shi - bikin don dariya da farin ciki.

Mice sune ƙanƙananun ƙwayoyin cuta a duniya, suna kawo mutane da amfani da lahani. Suna kwasar hannun jari kuma sune jigilar cututtuka masu haɗari. Amma amfani da bera a cikin binciken kimiyya yana taimaka wajan ceton rayuka.

Bambancin a bayyanar da kuma hanyar rayuwa, beraye suna sauƙin ganima ga dabbobi masu rarrafe, tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Saboda wannan, da wuya dabbobi su yi rayuwa mai tsawo. Sizeananan girma, yanayin kwantar da hankula da halayyar ban dariya suna ba ku damar kiyaye waɗannan ƙwayoyin azaman dabbobi. Dabbobin, waɗanda suke da sa'a su zama abubuwan son mutane, suna rayuwa fiye da dangi na daji.

Wool da launi

Mafi yawancin lokuta ana samun berayen daji na launin ja, a bayan sa akwai wanda ya wuce launin ruwan kasa wanda bashi da shaci bayyananne. Farin launi ya mamaye ciki, amma inuwa na iya zama launin rawaya. Wani fasali na musamman cikin kwatancen dajin linzamin daji shine kasancewar akan kirjin wani tabon rawaya mai haske, wanda yake da nau'i mai tsiri, ko ƙaramin oval.

Mahimmanci! A cikin hunturu, an rufe suturar mai kauri, launin ya canza zuwa duhu.

Ganga da kuma gabar jiki

Yawan nauyin rodent shine matsakaici na 200 g. Wasu mutane suna girma zuwa gram 300. Idan aka kwatanta da jikin mutum, kai babba ne. Makarfan ya nuna. Tana da manyan idanuwana masu kama da na gyada.

Mahimmanci! Babban fasalin shine girman kunnuwa - sun kai 2.2 cm tsayi.

Habitat da salon rayuwa

Mice a cikin gandun daji suna jagorantar rayuwa mai aiki. Rodents suna farkawa a duk shekara, basa buƙatar suturar fata. Mutane musamman suna aiki da daddare da safe. Yayin rana, ,anyen suna ƙoƙarin kada su bar mafaka, don kada su faɗa cikin tarko waɗanda ba su ƙi cin abincin su. Akwai abokan gaba da yawa a cikin gandun daji:

Ana samun berayen gandun daji a duk faɗin Rasha, ban da na Arewa mai nisa. Tunda ƙwayoyin dabbobi suna mutuwa ba tare da ruwa ba, kasancewar tafkunan kusa da naƙasassu ne na wajibi. Sun zauna kusa da rafuffukan ruwa, fadama, a tsaunuka, gauraye da dazuzzukan daji. Dabba tana yin gida don kansa a tushen bishiyoyi, ramuka da bishiyoyi da suka faɗi. Mink yana da motsawa da yawa waɗanda suka wajaba don adana hannun jari da yawa.

Mahimmanci! Mafi sau da yawa, mai saurin bashi yana bada ƙananan lamuni, amma tare da tsinkayen wani lokacin hunturu mai zafi, ƙwaƙƙwaran kayan abinci suna cike da ƙarfi.

Kiwo da zuriya

Lokaci mafi dacewa don mating yana dauke da lokacin dumi. Sabili da haka, a cikin yankuna masu sauƙin yanayi, yawan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi ne mafi girma. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, mace zata iya yin juna biyu har zuwa sau hudu a shekara, tare da kowane ciki tana haihuwar 'ya' ya shida shida (irin wannan adadin kan nono ne a cikin dutsen kuma mafi yawan zuriya basa haihuwa). Yin shiri don haihuwa, mace ta shirya gida, tana yin abinci, don kar ta bar jariran na dogon lokaci, barin abinci daga ramin.

Forest linzamin kwamfuta ciki yana 20-25 days. Ana haihuwar bebe ne kurum, makafi da m. Iyali suna saurin girma da haɓaka. Bayan makonni biyu, mice sun fara gani da ji, kuma tuni tun suna wata ɗaya da haihuwa zasu iya samun nasu abincin. Samari sun bambanta da girman ƙananann girma a cikin ƙaramin girman su kuma mafi launi mara launi.

Mahimmanci! Kwanaki 30 bayan haihuwar, ana fitar da zuriya daga gida (burrow), amma yana ci gaba da shiga daula ɗaya. Tashin hankali ya shiga rayuwa mai 'yanci.

Mazauna gandun daji suna shirye don matsi tuni cikin watanni 3. A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, mace tayi zurfin jima'i kuma tana iya ba da zuriya. Saboda haka, yawan ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙwalwa a gaban yanayi mai kyau na iya ƙaruwa lokaci-lokaci, wanda ke cutar da aikin gona.

Binciken

Mice dabbobi ne da suke kwari. Suna da ikon rusa amfanin gona, lalata bishiyoyi na lambu da sauran tsirrai. Manyan ofan adam na rodents zasu iya cin treea treean itace, wanda a ƙarshe yakan haifar da matsalolin muhalli. Bugu da kari, rodents sune dillalai na cututtuka masu haɗari.

Mutumin da kwaroron daji zai cije shi, na iya fuskantar haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan da ke gaba:

Matsayi na al'ada ko inda linzamin kwamfuta ke zaune

An bambanta mice gandun daji da mazaunin wuri. Daya daga cikin wuraren da dabbobi suka zaba domin danginsu shine wuraren bude wuraren da suke hade da dazuzzuka a cikin kwari. Sakamakon tsarin ƙasa na ƙwayoyin daji za a iya samun su a yankuna da yawa:

Kada ku manta da yankuna yankuna. Dabbobin sun yi nasara ainun matakan Altai, China da arewa maso gabashin Kazakhstan. Agriculturalasar da ke noma da hatsi ta ba da ƙwayoyin dabbobi tare da abinci da tsari. Gurinsu ya wuce zuwa tsibiran Bahar Rum da kuma tsaunukan Arewacin Afirka.

Me ke ci da wuri a cikin sarkar abinci?

Abincin mai ƙwayar gandun daji ya haɗa da nau'ikan abincin shuka, kwari da ƙwari, ƙananan dabbobi. "Menu" na dabbobi kai tsaye ya dogara da kakar:

• Abinda na fi so don mice shine itacen oak da kwayoyi. Hakanan, mutane za su iya more 'ya'yan itaciyar tsire-tsire daban-daban, tsaba, buds da ƙyallen samari,
• Namomin kaza ba su lalata ta kwari, ainihin ainihin abinci a cikin dabbobi,
• Hagu wanda ba'a saka shi ba da kwan kwai zai zama abin karɓar ga ɓarayi masu sata,
• A cikin hunturu, lokacin da mice basu da aiki, suna ciyar da hannun jari da aka yi a lokacin bazara ko kuma matsawa zuwa hunturu kusa da mutane,
• Idan babu isasshen abinci, mice suna cin ganyayyaki, ƙwayaye da 'ya'yan itatuwa iri-iri a cikin gandun daji, waɗanda ke haifar da lahani mai yawa.

Kasancewar magabtan halitta a cikin jijiyoyin daji suna hana ci gaban yawan mazauninsu a cikin daji. Waɗannan dabbobin abinci abinci ne na mujiya, dawakai, barawo, ƙwalƙwalwa, da na tsuntsaye masu farauta daga tsarin ɓarnatarwa.

Dabi'un mutane

Manyen daji, ƙwanƙwarar ƙasar noma, suna da ikon haifar da babbar illa ga albarkatun hatsi, bishiyoyi da tsirrai. A kowane mataki na girma, alkama, hatsi, sha'ir da sauran hatsi sune ganima ga dangi mai haɓaka.

Mece ce cutarwar mutane ga gonar:

• Mice rayayye karya ta ramuka da sassa, spoiling tushen tsarin 'ya'yan itace fruiting bishiyoyi,
• Wadannan ƙananan kwari suna ciji haushi da bishiyoyi, Tushen da harbe, wanda zai haifar da mutuwar shuka,
• Cin 'ya'yan itace da cikakke, icea canan na iya barin lambu ba tare da amfanin gona ba.

Mice kuma suna ɗauke da fleas a kan furcinsu kuma suna cutar da dabbobi a tare da su.

Ingancin kayan aiki da hanyoyin magance mice

Kuna iya yin gwagwarmaya tare da mice daji ta hanyoyi daban-daban. A cikin gonaki masu zaman kansu da ƙananan, shigar da masu siyar da lantarki ko na injiniya da shinge zai taimaka.

Abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da yaƙin:

1. Kamshin tafarnuwa da tushen baƙi zai tsoratar da kwari mai kwari. Wadannan tsire-tsire za su iya shimfiɗa kewayen kewaye na mãkirci,
2. Zuba matakan ramukan linzamin kwamfuta tare da mafita na musamman,
3. Kuna iya amfani da mousetraps tare da koto, hatsi mai guba, tarkuna tare da manne, pollination tare da sunadarai.
4. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da tsarin haɗaɗɗun yaƙi yayin yaƙar ƙwayoyin kwaro.

Kamar duk abin da ya kewaye mu, manyen jeji abubuwa ne masu mahimmanci na ma'amala a cikin dabbobin daji. Amma a cikin rashin yanayin rayuwa na yau da kullun a cikin yanayin halitta da kuma rashin iya sarrafawa game da haɓakar yawan jama'a, berayen na iya zama babban bala'i ga rayuwar ɗan adam.

Shahararren Manyan Sako

Dangane da bayanan tarihi, Kiristanci ya tashi ne tun da daɗewa a kusan ƙarni na farko BC. Mai yiwuwa tushen a Rome. Wannan bangaskiyar tana ɗauka roƙon duk mabukata da aka yi nadama, waɗanda suke so su nemi adalci.

Kyakkyawan birni na Ulan-Ude, wanda yake kusa da Kogin Baikal, kaɗan ne suka sani. Mutanen da ke zaune a wasu wurare, idan sun ji sunan wannan birni, suna tunanin cewa yana cikin Mongolia ko wani wuri, amma ba a cikin Rasha ba.

Yanayi ya ba wa duniya dabbobi masu ban mamaki da yawa, kuma shinge na yau da kullun ba banda bane. Akwai 'yan mutane da ba su san abin da wannan dabba take ba. Duk da cewa dabbar kyakkyawa ce kuma mai ban sha'awa, yana da matukar wahala a ɗauke ta,