Duk wani masunta zai iya gaya muku duk fa'idodin. zolayar. Kowane mutum, tare da nishaɗi, yana shirye don yin alfahari da kama mai nauyin nauyin 12 kilogram. Tabbas ana yin kayan masarufin daga wannan kifin. Kari akan haka, wannan magabataccen ruwa wanda ake samunsa kusan ko'ina kuma yana kamun kifi bai dogara da lokacin ba.
Siffofi da mazauninsu
Kogin Zander - sanannen wakilin perch. An rarraba shi a Gabashin Turai da Asiya (ruwa mai tsabta), a cikin kwandunan ruwan tekun Baltic, Baki, Azov, Aral da Caspian. An kama shi cikin ruwan Lake Issyk-Kul da Lake Balkhash. Wannan babban kifi ne mai kyau, mai girma a tsayi sama da mita. Yawan nauyin waɗannan mutane shine kilogiram 15.
Halin halayyar hakoran manyan hakoran fang ne, tsakanin su kanana. Hakoran maza sun fi na mace girma. A cikin Tekun Caspian da Bahar Maliya za a iya samu kifin teku zander. Waɗannan kifayen suna ƙasa da nau'ikan ruwansu. Tsawon tsayi shine kusan 50-60 cm, nauyi - 2 kilogiram. Pike perch an bambanta shi da tsayi, mai bakin ciki, wanda aka matsa akan tarnaƙi.
Pike perch mahibancin maƙiyi
A sama, kai da baya na launin toka-kore, ciki ya yi fari. Sikeli na wucewa ta hanyar ratsi baƙar fata. Abubuwan duhu masu duhu suna haɗe zuwa fin a baya da wutsiya, kuma fin fin din rawaya ne mai launin shuɗi.
Piwalen tekun ya bambanta da ruwan tsarkakakken girma a girma da wurin zama. Hakanan, suna da ƙaramin ido na ido kuma babu sikeli a kan kunci. Pikeperch yana da wata ma'ana da ƙamshi sosai kuma yana iya jin ƙanshi mai daɗin daɗi. Amma wannan kifin baya amfani da kifi don farauta. Piasar Pike perch tana da kariya ta ƙasar Ukraine kuma an jera ta a cikin Littafin Rubutunta.
Kasancewa mai mahimmanci a cikin kamun kifi, akwai raguwa sosai a yawan adadin kifayen. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gurbatar da gawarwakin ruwa, kuma an san cewa pike perch shine abin da ake kira mai samar da ingancin ruwa; ba zai taɓa zama ko da ruwa mai datti ba.
Kamar yadda muka fada a baya, kama zander Zaku iya a kowane lokaci na shekara, duk da haka, kowane irin kamun kifi yana da nasa halaye. Ga dukkan alamu, ya wajaba a yi nazarin halaye, wuraren da kifayen ke zaune, ginin abinci na mai ƙaddara. Pike perch kifi ne mai daɗi, wanda namansa, tare da cikakken tabbaci, ana iya kiran shi ƙoshin kifi na Rasha. Za'a iya soyayyen naman mara ƙanƙanya, gishiri, ɗanɗana, dafa shi.
Kuma kunne da aspic sun shahara sosai. Pike perch oil fish shi ne na musamman, nama yana da ɗimbin yawa na bitamin da ma'adanai waɗanda suke buƙatar lafiya.
Kuna iya siyan pike perch a kusan kowane babban kanti. Koyaya, sabobin zander na iya lalacewa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, lokacin siye, ya kamata ka kula ba farashin ba, amma har zuwa ranar ƙirar da aka nuna akan kunshin.
Na mace da namiji zander
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Halin kifi ba shi da aure (sabanin perches). Zander yana aiki a kusa da agogo. Da dare, ƙari kuma yana iya zuwa ga zurfin ruwa. A cikin rana, ya fi son zurfin mita 3-5. Tsari yana kasan ƙasan ko ɓawon dutse, inda akwai ƙarin snags da duwatsu.
Sudak wani mai hawa sama ne, mai saurin gaske. Saurin sa na sa'o'i na iya isa mita ɗaya a sakan. A lokaci guda, kifi ba ya rasa ikon yin abubuwan jefawa. Idan akwai haɗari, saurin yana ƙaruwa zuwa mita biyu a sakan na biyu, amma zai iya wucewa zuwa 30 na daƙiƙa.
Mafarautan cikin ruwa na maharbi ba su tsoratar, zandar na iya kusanci mutum da ɗan nesa nesa ba kusa ba. Idan pike ta shiga cikin kamun kifin, hakan bai nuna juriya ba kuma tayi bacci cikin kankanin lokaci.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Pike perch ya kasance na chordates, ray-finned kifi, perch-like team, perch family, pike perch genus, na kowa Pike perch ana sanya su ga aji. Masu sha'awar jita-jita na kifayen da aka shirya akan kayan kwandon ba sa bayar da shawarar ci ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin wakilan flora da fauna da ke zaune a duniya. Abin mamaki, masana kimiyya sunyi imani da cewa tsoffin magabatan pike sun bayyana ne kimanin shekaru miliyan 25 da suka gabata. Shekaru 4-5 na ƙarshe na rayuwarsu, basu canza ba kwata-kwata.
Bidiyo: Sudak
Tsohon magabatan zandunan zamani sune kifayen da suke rayuwa a cikin zurfin teku. Ana kiran zamanin bayyanarsu lokacin Oligocene, shekaru miliyan 33-23 da suka gabata. Yawancin binciken DNA na abubuwan da aka gano ya bayyana cewa zandar zamani ta bayyana ne a lokacin Pliocene, mai yiwuwa shekaru miliyan 5.5 da suka gabata. An dauki Siberiya wurin haifuwar kifin zamani.
Yawancin bincike sun ba da damar sanin cewa juyin halittar tsohuwar ƙarni ba shi da tasiri a bayyanar wannan kifin. Koyaya, yayin aiwatar da juyin halitta, wannan nau'in wakilan ruwa mai tsabta na dangin perch sunyi matukar fadada yankin mazauninsa. Daga yankin Siberia, taranshan jirgin sama ya bazu ko'ina cikin duniya. Akwai nau'ikan zandar. Abubuwa uku suna zaune a kan yankin Tarayyar Rasha: talakawa, Volga da ruwan teku.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Pikeperch kifi
Girman zander yana kai tsaye ne kan yankin mazauninsu. Matsakaicin matsakaicin tsayi na pikeperch shine 50-70 santimita, kuma taro shine kilo 2-2.3. Yana da jiki mai tsayi, tsawon lokaci, jiki a hankali. Sifar halayyar irin wannan nau'in kifin shine tsarin kayan baka. Fishe suna da haƙoran dogayen dogaye masu tsini, waɗanda ke daɗaɗa gaɓar bakin ta. Tare da taimakon waɗannan hakora, pike perch ya ƙwace ganima yayin kamawa. Tsakanin tsummoki mai tsayi har yanzu akwai ƙananan ƙananan hakora. Bangaren bakin ciki ya kai matsayin idanun.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A wasu yankuna, tsawon jikin kifin daya ya zarce mita, kuma taro ya wuce kilo 15.
Kwayoyin suna a saman kan kai na kai. Rufe ciki cike yake da Sikeli. Gills na iya zama ja ko ruwan hoda. Launi na tsalle-tsalle ba koyaushe ba ne. Idanu kuma suna da fasali. Suna da Layer mai bayyanawa wanda ke ba da kyakkyawan hangen nesa a cikin duhu. Jiki na sama a kai, baya da wutsiya mai launin kore mai kauri, ciki ya mutu fari-fari. Sikeli ya ƙetare da duhu, kusan raunin baƙar fata. Fins a cikin baya da wutsiya suna cika da duhu aibobi. Fin fin ya bambanta da na wasu kuma yana da launi mai launin rawaya mai haske.
Fins biyu suna nan a baya. Fin da yake bayan kai tsaye yana da haskoki. Bayan ɗan ɗan gajeren rami a bayansa akwai wani fin, wanda ya fi yadda yake na farkon girma, kuma ba shi da gashin fuka-fukai masu kaifi. Kifin teku yana da fasali na waje idan aka kwatanta da na ruwa. Suna da ƙananan ƙananan ido na gani kuma babu sikeli a cikin yankin buccal. A zahiri kifayen suna da ƙanshi mai daɗin kamshi. Yana da ikon gane nau'ikan kamshin da suka bambanta har ma da nesa mai nisa.
Yanzu kun san abin da ya faru da kifi, teku ko ruwa mai fasalin ruwa. Bari mu ga inda zander ke zaune a cikin mahallin ta.
Ina zander yake zama?
Hoto: Pikeperch a karkashin ruwa
Sudak yanki ne na kamun kifi. An rarraba shi sosai a Gabashin Turai da yankuna daban-daban na Tarayyar Rasha. Mafi ingantaccen zurfin da Pike perch yake jin dadi shine mita biyar. A cikin hunturu, tare da farkon yanayin sanyi, kifin ya nutse zuwa ƙasa, an rufe shi da pebbles, kuma ya nemi tsari. Mafi sau da yawa wannan shine kututture, daskararre, ko kuma kawai ɓacin rai a cikin farfajiyar ƙasa.
A matsayin yankin da ake zaune, kifayen sun fi son sabo ne, ko kuma ruwan teku tare da matakin oxygen. Akwai nau'ikan zandano, alal misali, Tekun Bahar Maliya, wanda ya rayu tare gabaɗaya, cikin duka sabo da kuma cikin ruwan tekun gishiri. Koyaya, babu wani daga cikin jinsin da zai rayu a yankuna masu gurbatawar ko ruwan da basu isa isashshen sunadarin oxygen ba.
Yankuna yanki na zander:
Yawancin manyan wuraren ajiyar ruwa na gabashin Turai, koguna na Belarus, Ukraine, tafasasshen ruwa mai ruwa na yankuna daban-daban na Asiya ba banda bane. Wasu nau'in ma suna zaune a Kanada, Arewacin Amurka. Ana samun Zander a cikin wasu tafkuna a Burtaniya.
Irin wannan shimfidar wurare daban-daban na rarraba rayuwar ruwa shine saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin wani lokaci wani lokaci mutane sun zaunar da kifi a sassa daban-daban na duniya. Misali, tafkin Mozhaisk, a cikin tafkin Cherbakul na yankin Chelyabinsk, a tafki na Canal na Moscow, Lake Balkhash a Kazakhstan, Issyk - kul a Kyrgyzstan, ana samun kifin kawai saboda aikin ɗan adam. Sudak yana da matukar son ruwa tare da raɓa mai zurfi, ɓangarorin koguna da tafkuna da ruwa mai tsabta. A cikin ruwa mara zurfi, wannan nau'in kifin baya faruwa.
Menene zander ci?
Hoto: Pikeperch a cikin ruwa
Pike perch yana cikin rukuni na magabatan. A sakamakon haka, abincinsu ya ƙunshi ƙananan kifi ko crustaceans. Powerarfin iko, lanƙwasa fannonin ciki ba su barin komai ba. A lokacin kamawa, tukunyar Pike tana sanya alamun azaba akan jikin wanda aka azabtar, kuma kananan hakora daga bakin roba suna riƙe ganima, suna hana shi zamewa.
Kyakkyawan ma'anar ƙanshi da kyakkyawan hangen nesa yana ba da damar pikeperch ya fara cin nasara cikin nasara kuma ya sami wanda aka azabtar har ma da cikakken duhu. Yana da mahimmanci cewa siffar abin farauta yana da jiki mai tsayi. A wannan yanayin, pike perch na iya hadiye ganima.
Abin da ya zama tushen abinci ga kifi:
Ana daukar Zander kwararren maharbi ne. Yana amfani da dabarar farauta ta musamman. Baƙon abu bane a gare shi don bin wanda aka zalunta. Yana amfani da dabarar tsammani. Mafi yawan lokuta, maharbin yakan rikitar da kansa kuma ya kasance ba shi da motsi har sai da ganima ya kasance. Sa’annan nan da nan ya kai mata hari daga mafakarsa. Yara dabbobin za su iya ciyarwa ba kawai kan ƙananan kifaye da mollusks ba, har ma a kan nau'ikan kwari iri - zubar jini, lemo, larvae daban-daban, da sauransu.
Zander shine mafarauci mai yawan fada. Dare farauta dare da rana. Da cikakken gamsuwa, ya ɓoye a cikin zaɓaɓɓen mafaka kuma ya huta yayin narke abinci. Maƙaddara yana aiki sosai tare da farkon bazara kuma har zuwa tsakiyar kaka. A wannan lokacin, yana buƙatar abinci mai yawa. A cikin ƙarfe, ana rage yawan ayyukan zander, kuma yana cin abinci kaɗan.
Nau'in Zander
Sau da yawa ana tattaunawa game da masunta akan batun zander mallakar nau'in rafin. Shin akwai sabani game da ko zandan teku ne ko kifin kifi? Wani ya ɗauke shi kamar kifin kogi, wani kuma - ruwan teku na musamman. A zahiri, kifin zander wakili ne na duka kogunan ruwa da wuraren gishiri na tekuna. A wannan batun, nau'in Pike perch ana wakilta ta hanyar daidaitaccen rarrabuwa.
A waje, dukkan nau'ikan nau'ikan pike sun bambanta ne da girma da launi na Sikeli. Yawancin nau'in tsabtataccen ruwa yawanci shine mafi girma. Babban wakilin bambancin nau'in halittu ne na gama gari. Ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin Wuraren Rasha kuma yana yin gasa ta forage tare da burbot, pike da catfish. Launinta launin toka-launin kore. Hanyoyi a bangarorin suna baki da launin ruwan kasa.
Volzhsky zander (bersh) ana saninsa da ƙananan fankoki, gajeren kai da sikeli mai girman jiki. Launi launin duhu ne mai ratsin duhu. A matsakaici, bersh ya ɗan fi ƙanƙan daɗi.
Zan kasuwar zandar yana zaune a yankin Arewacin Amurka, an lura da yawan jama'a a Kanada. Launi mai launin rawaya-kore, jiki a cikin duhu. An kira yashi na wannan wakilin wannan dangi saboda launi, kuma fasali yana hade da yashi mai ƙasa.
Haske mai walƙiya na Light shine babban nau'in halitta wanda ke rayuwa a cikin ruwa na Amurka da Kanada. Rawaya mai launin rawaya - sunan na biyu na wannan kifin, wanda aka samo daga fasalin launin canza launin - launi mai ƙwanƙwasa tare da tabarau mai lemun tsami da baya mai duhu.
Ana wakiltar gandun teku a cikin ruwan Black, Azov da Caspian Seas. Wakilan wannan nau'in suna kanana kaɗan da launi mai launin toka mai haske da ratsi mai duhu.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: zan kifin kogin
Mafi sau da yawa, zander yana zama a cikin garken, kodayake akwai mutane guda ɗaya. Matsakaicin adadin kifi a makaranta daya shine 25-40. Matasa kifayen suna haifar da manyan makarantu, wanda adadin zai kai ɗaruruwan ɗaiɗaikun mutane. Maharbi yafi aiki da duhu, kodayake yana iya farauta yayin rana. Pikeperch abu ne mai tsufa kuma mai saurin kifi, wanda zai iya haɓaka babban gudu.
Kifi sun gwammace su zauna a zurfin mita 3-5, cikin ruwa mara zurfin kusan ba a taɓa samun su ba. Da farkon kaka, suna nutsewa zuwa ƙasa suna neman mafaka don jiran fitar sanyi da sanyi. Kafin wannan, kifi na tarawa a makarantu da yawa dangane da nau'ikan shekaru. Koyaya, hibernating ba sabon abu bane a gare su. A saman wannan garken ne mafi girma da kuma karfi mutum. A ƙarshen garken kuma mutane ne mafi ƙanƙanansu waɗanda hunturu zai zama karo na farko a rayuwarsu. Bayan ƙarshen lokacin hunturu, garken yana makale tare har sai lokacin da ya faru, sannan kuma sai ya watsu cikin kananan kungiyoyi ya bazu.
Pikeperch yana tsoron tsoron hasken rana. Saboda haka, a lokacin da rana ta fito sama, kifayen suna ɓoye a wuraren da hasken rana kai tsaye ba zai riske su ba. Baƙon abu ba ne don zander ta yi wasa cikin ruwa, fesa, ko tsalle daga cikinta, kamar sauran kifin. Yana jagorantar rayuwa mai sakaci, mai rikitarwa. Pike perch suna matukar son bishiyoyi tare da ganye mai yawa wanda ya fada cikin ruwa. Su ta kowane hanya ta guji, kuma kusan ba a same su a cikin zurfin teku tare da ƙasan laka.
Maharbi yana buƙatar ɗan lokaci kaɗan don hutawa. Mafi yawan lokuta, 'yan awanni ne kawai a rana. Lokacin da kifin ya cika, ya ɓoye a cikin mafaka mai aminci, kuma yana ciyar da awanni da dama a wuraren da ba a rufe ba - a ƙarƙashin snags, duwatsu, da sauransu. Pikeperch na iya yin ƙaura, haka ma, a kan manyan nesa masu ma'ana.
Girman Pike perch
Matsakaicin pike shine mafi girman wakilan duka dangi. Mutane daban-daban sun isa taro mai nauyin 20. Matsakaicin nauyin wannan nau'in yawanci shine 1 kg zuwa 4. Bersh yana yin awo kaɗan - kimanin 1 kg. Kanad Pike na Kanada - daga 3 zuwa 4 kilogiram. Wakilan nau'ikan rawaya sun kai kilo 11, kuma girman ma'aunin teku ya kai sama da 2 kilogiram.
Zander
Da zaran ruwan ya yi zafi har zuwa digiri 10, yawanci a farkon lokacin bazara, zanden ya fita don yin ɓoye. Mafarautan sun yi kawanya a kudancin kasar a farkon Afrilu, a tsakiyar layin a ƙarshen Afrilu, da kuma a arewacin a watan Mayu. Don ƙwanƙwasawa, bawa yakan yi iyo cikin ruwa mara zurfi zuwa wurin da babu kowa a ciki - tare da busasshen itace ko ciyawar da ke ambaliya. A karkashin halaye na yau da kullun, ci gaban zander ya ci gaba har sati uku. Caviar wani matukin jirgin sama na wata inuwa mai launin shuɗi. Femaleaya mace tana iya yin layin ƙwai 300,000.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Pikeperch na kowa
Lokacin kiwo yana farawa a daidai lokacin da ruwan yayi sama sosai. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na ruwa ya isa digiri 9-10. A cikin Kudancin Federationungiyar Tarayyar Rasha, lokacin farauta wanda ya ƙare ya faru ne a farkon farkon Afrilu, a cikin ruwan ruwa na Turai, inda yanayin sauƙin yanayin ke tsakiyar, ko kusa da ƙarshen Afrilu, a cikin yankuna na arewacin ƙasar - ƙarshen bazara, farkon bazara. Spawning yana faruwa a cikin wuraren da aka fi so kuma sanannun yanki na pike, mafi yawan lokuta a zurfin mita 4-6. A lokacin tsagewa, maharbin yana zaɓar wuraren da yafi dacewa da nutsuwa.
Don lokacin kiwo, kifayen suna tarawa cikin ƙarami, wanda ya kunshi maza da yawa, haka kuma mace ɗaya ko biyu. Kafin kwanciya qwai, matar ta nemi wurin da ya dace kuma ta tsaftace ta da taimakon wutsiya. Hakanan, a matsayin wuri don jefa caviar tare da wutsiya, ana iya yin rami a ƙasan tafki, wanda ke da girman inci 40-60 da zurfin 10-15 santimita.
Mace ta yara ta zama abin musamman ta alfijir.Da sanyin safiya, mace ta ɗauki matsakaicin matsayi, an rage ƙarshen kai. An dauki Zander wani nau'in tsarin rayuwar marine mai adalci.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: femaleaya mace, wacce adadinta shine kilo 7-8, na iya kwanciya har zuwa 1 ml na ƙwai.
Qwai ƙananan a cikin diamita tare da diamita ba fiye da milimita 1 da haske launin rawaya cikin launi ba. Namijin mafi girma na garken ya dace da takin ƙwai da aka aza. Ya yalwata madara a kan caviar dage farawa. Babban nauyin nauyin namiji ya hada da ba wai kawai hadi bane, har ma da tabbatar da amincin qwai. Matsayin mai tsaro, ɗayan mafi girma na biyu na garken na iya zuwa. Ba ya barin kowa ya yi mashi da kuma taɗa ruwan a kewayen. Sai kawai lokacin da saurayi ya fito daga cikin ƙwai, mai gadi ya bar wurin aikinsa kuma ya fita.
Bayan hadi, kimanin kwanaki 10 suka shude, kuma kananan kifaye suka bayyana, girman wanda bai wuce mil 5-6 ba. Ba su daidaita da rayuwar 'yanci ba kuma ba za su iya ci da kansu ba. Bayan kwanaki 3-5, kifayen suka bazu cikin kwatance daban-daban kuma suka fara cin plankton. Bugu da ari, an dafa shi daga larvae, bayyanar da sifar jikinta wanda yayi kama da manya. Matsakaicin girma na soya ya dogara da yanayin mazauni da yawan wadatar abinci. Lokacin balaga ya faru ne lokacin da yake kimanin shekaru 3-4. Matsakaicin rayuwar tsadar zander shine shekaru 13-17.
Gidajen Zander
Sudak tsohuwar kifi ce. An tabbatar da cewa wannan nau'in ya rayu a duniya shekaru miliyan 25 da suka gabata. Kuma a halin yanzu, ya kasance kusan shekaru miliyan 5. Juyin Halittar bai shafi bayyanar wannan wakilcin gashin gashin fatar ba, ya shafi mazauninsu na zandar, yana fadada yankin sosai. Ana samun Pike perch a jikin ruwan Turai, Asiya da Arewacin Amurka. Wannan magabaci yana zaune a cikin koguna na Black, Azov, Caspian da Baltic Teas.
Magabatan bayin zander
Hoto: Pikeperch kifi
A cikin daji, zander yana da abokan gaba kaɗan. Haka kuma, mafiya girma da sauri majibantattun jiragen ruwa ba masu kiba ba ne kawai ga manya ba, har ma da soya, har ma da caviar. Bugu da kari, a yankuna na mazaunin halitta, inda babu wadataccen abinci, ana iya kiran manyan masu fafatukar abinci - gizo-gizo da auhu - a amintattu makiya makiya.
Ya kamata a sani cewa a mafi yawan yankuna inda zandunan ke zaune, ba sa fuskantar haɗari mai wahala kuma lambobin sa ba sa wahala daga masana'antar kamun kifi, ko kuma ta hanyar harin abokan gaba. An sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa an sa kifin a cikin makarantu, wanda ke ƙara yawan damar rayuwa.
Maƙiyin zander a cikin daji:
Babban adadin maƙiyan da ke sama masu haɗari ne kawai ga matasa mutane ko don kamawa tare da caviar. Caviar kuma iya ciyar da kwari na ruwa, mollusks, da crustaceans. An lalata Masonry a lokacin hadari na ruwa, canjin yanayi mai kyau. Lallai ya kamata a lura cewa mutane da ayyukansu suna cikin jerin magabtan magabata. Yana kawo haɗari ga yawan kifayen, ba kawai a matsayin masunta ba, har ma a matsayin mai hallakar da rayuwar ruwa mai ruwa. Ayyukan ɗan adam suna gurɓata maɓuɓɓugar ruwa kuma yana haifar da mutuwar yawancin mazaunan ruwa.
Rayuwar Zander
Rashin isashshen sunadarin oxygen yana jurewa da pikeperch, don haka yana iya zama rayuwa ga tsabtataccen ruwa. Temperaturesarancin yanayin zafi baya tsoronsa. Sudak yana jin dadi a cikin kwandon Baltic mai sanyi.
Matasa girma ya ɓace a cikin fakitoci, yana ƙara yawan damar cin nasara a cikin neman abinci. Rayuwar rayuwar dattijon ita ce ya fi son kasancewa cikin rukunin mutane 10 zuwa 30. Zurfin mazaunin mazaunin pike perch yana kusan mita 5. A cikin hunturu, maharbin ya nutse a gindi cikin ramuka, ya kai zurfin mita 12, kuma ya ɓoye a ƙarƙashin kututture ko lemo. Zander ta yi nasara cikin rukuni-rukuni ta hanyar nau'ikan shekaru - a farkon, manyan kifaye suka tara, kuma a ƙarshen ƙaramin garken sun rufe. Ganin wannan fasalin, masunta masu ilimi sun sami nasarar kama manyan samfurori a lokacin kamun kifin lokacin hunturu. Zander yana jagorantar rayuwar rayuwar yau da kullun. A lokacin rana, daga dumbin haske, ya ɓoye cikin ramuka masu zurfi kuma ya ɓoye cikin mafaka da yawa na halitta. Ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan kifayen, wannan maharbin ba a amfani dashi don yayyafawa da tsalle zuwa saman ruwa, wanda ke sanya zamansa a cikin tafki mai rikitarwa.
Pike yanayin rayuwa
Balaga ta balaga tana faruwa ne a shekaru 3-5 na rayuwa. Haduwar aure ta hada da mace daya da maza dayawa, yayin da daya daga cikinsu ke da 'yancin aure. Bayan haka, wannan namiji yana kiyaye ƙwai har sai an haife ƙananan kifi. Yaran dabbobi suna samun nauyi da sauri kuma koda a ƙuruciya na iya cinye wakilan matasa iri iri na kifayen. Girman tsintsiyar zander na ɗaya daga cikin alamomin fasalin jima'i tsakanin mace da namiji. Maza suna da ƙarin kyar. Pike perch yana da tsammanin rayuwa mai tsayi, wani lokacin hawan su ya kai shekaru 15.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
HOTO: Pike perch a cikin tafkin
Masu bincike suna gano yawan adadi. Ofayansu sedan iska ne, wanda galibi yana zaune a yanki ɗaya. Misali a gare shi ya bar yankin da ya keɓaɓɓe ne kawai a yayin da gurɓataccen ruwa. A wannan yanayin, kifin yana da nisa ga dubun yawa, wani lokacin kuma daruruwan kilomita.
Wani ɗan ƙaddara shine ƙaura. Tana zaune a wuraren ajiyar ruwa, wuraren shakatawa da sauran jikkunan ruwa. A farkon lokacin bazara, wannan adadin na magabatan yana motsawa daga sama zuwa jefa qwai. Hijira na iya faruwa akan dubun dubun ko ma daruruwan kilomita. Bayan wannan, ya sake komawa wuraren da ya saba da wuraren da aka fi so.
A yau, adadin kifayen a wasu yankuna yana raguwa da sauri. Abinda yafi shine game da nau'ikan ruwan marine. Dalilan rage shi sune gurbatar ruwa, yin bautar kan wani babban tsari, da kuma canjin yanayi mai kyau a wasu yankuna. Kasancewar kifayen wannan nau'in yana nuni da tsarkin ɗabi'ar gaske.
Pike perch abinci mai gina jiki
Abincin pike perch ya ƙunshi abincin dabbobi ne kawai. Cannibalism ma yana da asali a cikin waɗannan mafarautan, wanda ba wani abu bane lalata. Matasa matasa suna ciyar da mayu, tsutsotsi da sauran hanyoyin karkara. Manyan kean wasan pike sun gwammace manyan dabbobi: kogin crustaceans, kwaro, wakilan sauran nau'in kifin da ke cikin kwanciyar hankali. A yayin neman abinci, maharbar tana tafiya tare da hanyoyin da aka tabbatar iri ɗaya, kuma tare da mai ƙarfi a halin yanzu, tana iya jira wanda yakamata ya ɓoye a mafaka. Murfin fuskarsa da kyau. Pike perch kifin ya hade da wuri mai faɗi, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga mamakin harin. Tsarin kai baya bada izinin hadiye manyan ganima, a wannan batun, an tilasta wa maharbin yayi amfani da kananan wakilai na yanayin ruwa.
Kariyar Zander
Hoto: Kwatsam daga Littafin Rawaya
Tekun pike, ba kamar ruwa mai laushi ba, jama'a ne da yawan su ke raguwa a hankali. Dangane da wannan, an jera shi a cikin littafin Red na Ukraine kuma doka da hukuma na kiyaye shi. Matakan da aka tsara don kare nau'in sun hada da rage masana'antar kamun kifi a yankuna inda adadin pikeperch ke raguwa, gami da kiyaye tsabtace jikin ruwa da dakatar da gurbacewar ruwa.
Zartar da wadannan dokoki a wasu yankuna doka ta wajabta masa. Malaman malamai na iya yin hukunci da hukuncin zartarwa, ko da kuwa wani laifi na doka. A cikin yankuna na mazaunin zander, kwamitin kare yanayi yana gudanar da bincike koyaushe don tantance ingancin ruwa.
Zander shima babban abin ci ne. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa na duniya ana shirya ingantaccen tsarin girke-girke daga gare ta. Naman irin wannan nau'in kifin yana da dandano mai kyau kuma yana sauƙin narkewa.
Zander Yana da fasali na waje wanda baya bada damar rikita shi da wasu nau'in kifaye. Suna da kyakkyawar ma'ana da ƙamshi da takamaiman tsarin kayan aiki na baki, saboda abin da ake la'akari da su masu fasaha da kuma mafarautan farauta.
Hanyoyi don kama zander
A bisa ga al'ada, filayen Pike cike suke da ƙasan tafki, a cikin rami. A cikin ruwa mara zurfi, manyan kifin kifin suna da wahalar samu. Manyan zandy sau da yawa peck a zurfin of 8 mita. Ana kama farar ƙasa a cikin shekara a kowane lokaci na rana ko dare. Wannan mafarauci yana cin abinci a kowane lokaci.
Ana amfani da hanyoyi da yawa na kama zander don kamawa. Ya dogara da fifikon mutum na mashin, yanayin da lokacin.
Babban hanyoyin kamun kifi:
- kifin shine mafi shahararren hanyar kamun kifi. An ba da shawarar yin amfani da jirgi, tunda ba shi da sauƙin kamawa daga gadoji, shinge ko tudu,
- tsere - mai kyau don kamun kifi a zurfin ƙasa,
- bottomashin ƙasa shine kawai "mayaudara". Ana amfani dashi da himma lokacin kamun kifi daga bakin teku. A saboda wannan, ana shuka dutsen tsirara kusan 7 cm a girma.,
- kama zander akan ma'aurata shine babbar hanyar kamawa. Ana amfani da fasahar "plumb." Baarrar ta faɗi ƙasa a ƙarƙashin nauyinta a hankali kuma ta hau kan matakalar.
Maharbin ba ya son ƙasan laka, kuma yakamata ya kamata ka neme shi a can. Wuraren da ba za a iya raba su ba sun hada da shingen gada, shingen ruwa, rarar ruwa tare da busassun bushes da bishiyoyi, jirgi mai saukar ungulu da ginin da ya rushe. Duk wani abu da zai iya ƙirƙirar matsuguni wuri ne mai kyau don bincika zakari.
Sau da yawa a ƙarƙashin gami ko a cikin ciyawar da ke kwance a ƙasa ana iya samun ƙaramin rukunin mutane kusan 10. A wannan yanayin, masunta masu ƙwarewa suna kama wannan wurin a hankali. Tare da kulawa da kyau da ɓoyewa, zaku iya samun kama mai kyau. Amfani, ba ji tsoron ƙugiya ba, ta amfani da ƙugiya. Hakanan yana da daraja a tuna cewa kifayen da ke firgita na iya komawa wuri na asali.
Don nasarar kamun kifi ana bada shawara don amfani da sautin dako. Zai yi bayani da sauri game da sifofin fasalin ƙasa da kasancewar kifin can.
Pike perch koto
A cikin bazara, zander yana da kyau sosai a jigging. Yi amfani da ƙugiya mai sauƙi (guda ɗaya ko biyu), amma idan kasan yana cakuɗe tare da snags, bishiyoyi kuma yana iya samun ƙugiya, ana bada shawara don kamawa a kan ƙugiyar farawa. An yi amfani da tagwayen da aka yi amfani da shi da wutsiyoyin girgiza. Yana da kyau a tuna cewa a cikin bazara, kifi a mafi yawan lokuta pecks kafin faɗuwar rana, kuma ba a duk wuraren da tafki ba.
Lokacin rani shine mafi kyawun lokaci don masu farawa don zuwa kamun kifi don zander. Kifi yana da matuƙar aiki. Zai yi wuya a kama shi yayin rana saboda yawan zafin jiki. A wannan lokacin, yana kwance a kasa - a wuraren da sanyi yake. Amma riga da yamma, daga faɗuwar rana zuwa wayewar gari, maƙiyin da ke iyo don farauta. An bada shawara don amfani da ƙananan wobblers don koto akan zander.
A cikin kaka, zazzabi ruwan ya fara sauka sosai. A wannan lokacin, Pike perch ya riga ya ji sosai kuma baya ruda ƙarƙashin itacen katako cikin yamma don neman sanyi. Kifi na yau da kullun don zander yana da nasara kuma koyaushe yana kawo sakamako mai kyau. Mafi sau da yawa, ana iya samun mai farashi akan ɓarna, a ƙarƙashin goyan bayan gadoji, a cikin rami mai bushe da bushewa a cikin bushes. Lokacin kamun kamun kifi, jig bait, twiners, rotators da tsokoki masu aiki suna aiki da kyau.
A cikin kamun kifi na hunturu don zander, akwai hanyoyi guda biyu:
- da amfani da vents - mai sauki karye-in da live koto,
- Sheer perch kamun kifi a cikin hunturu ta amfani da ma'auni (yayi aiki mai girma a cikin bakan daga rawaya zuwa ja da inuwa daban-daban).
Madadin bum da gwanaye na wucin gadi, zaku iya amfani da shuka tsutsotsi, huhun, kwaɗi. Pike perch shima yana jinsu.
Pike perch jita-jita
Duk nau'in bambancin nau'in zander yana wakilta ta kifi tare da ƙananan kashi. Wannan ya sa ya zama samammen kayan kwalliya don dafa abincin da ake fama da shi. Idan babu wata hanyar da za a kama kifaye, to tabbas yana da darajar siye da ƙoƙari. Akwai wasu shawarwari don zaɓar sabon yanayi. Da farko, kuna buƙatar bincika kifin don wari. Ba yadda ya kamata. Abu na biyu, muna kimanta bayyanar da duba kasancewar yankewa, fashewar da akwai yiwuwar haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta masu saurin kamuwa da cuta. Kifi dole ne cikakke kuma ba tare da wani lahani ba. Bincika idanunun zander don nuna gaskiya. Kasancewar inclusions da farin shroud ba kyawawa bane. Yellowness a ciki na kifin na iya magana game da hawan keke na lokaci-lokaci - daskarewa. Wataƙila, irin wannan misalin yana ƙarewa. Abu na uku, zamu bincika isasshen isasshen ƙwayar kifin da aka zaɓa. Yakamata yatsan yatsa kai tsaye. Hakanan yana da daraja a mai da hankali ga launi da haske na zander. A bu mai kyau a amince wa zabin ka kifi ba tare da farin plaque ba.
Babu wasu mahimmancin contraindications don amfanin zander. Zai iya zama halayen rashin lafiyan mutum, da kuma rashin haqurin mutum. Lalacewa daga zander na iya zama kawai a yanayin rashin isasshen magani ko kuma daga rashin lafiya da kifayen da suka ɓace.
Kalori Zander
Zander shine samfurin karancin kalori. An ba da shawarar don amfani da mutanen da suke so su rasa nauyi, ko kuma suna fuskantar farfadowa, haka kuma 'yan wasa, mata masu juna biyu har ma da jariran da ke shayarwa, suna canzawa zuwa abinci na yau da kullun. Abun da ke ciki na pike perch ya ƙunshi furotin da yawa da abubuwa masu amfani da yawa waɗanda ke taimakawa ƙarfafa jikin mutum. Akwai amino acid 20 a duka. Abinci mai gina jiki: sunadarai (18g), fats (1g), cholesterol (59g), omega-3 (0.09g), omega-6 (0.04g), carbohydrates (0g), ruwa (79g). Bitamin da ke dauke da su: A, B1, B2, B6, B9, B3, C, E.
Kalori abun ciki na zander shine 84 kcal. Amma tare da maganin zafi, yana ƙaruwa. Kifin da aka bushe yana da fifiko - 180 kcal, soyayyen pikeperch - 130 kcal, dafa - 97 kcal.
Abubuwan gina jikin dukkan kyallen takarda na jikin mutum shine furotin. Pike perch ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin sunadarai masu yawa da amino acid waɗanda ke ƙaruwa da rigakafi. Significantaƙƙarfan ƙwayar cuta na cobalt (20 μg) a cikin tsarin mai ƙaddara lokacin da aka ci abinci zai zama da amfani ga mutanen da ke da matsala na rayuwa, tare da cututtukan cututtukan hanji, cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar thyroid da anemia. Kasancewar Fluoride (29mkg), phosphorus (230mg) da alli (35mg) yana karfafa kasusuwa, hakora, ganuwar jinin jini, hana cututtukan zuciya.
Yaɗa
Har zuwa 1966, a cikin Urals ta Tsakiya, ya rayu ne kawai a cikin tafukan Wurin Kama, yanzu haka ma yana cikin kwari na Iset. Pike perch yana zaune a cikin koguna tare da ruwa mai tsabta da ruwa mai zurfin kusan mita 3 - 5, gwargwadon zurfin tafki. Da dare, yakan shiga cikin ruwa mara zurfi ko kuma cikin da'irar. Za a iya kira Zander a matsayin kifi na babban ruwa. Yankin da ya fi dacewa don zander shi ne babban kogunan da ke cike da koguna da kuma manyan tafkuna.A cikin irin wannan wuraren, zuriya mafi yawancin lokuta shine babban dabbar tsakanin kifayen. Ba a same shi da Zander a cikin ƙananan koguna, amma ana iya samunsa a wurare kusa da bakin kogin.
Shekaru da girma
Ya kai 130 cm a tsayi kuma nauyi zuwa 18 kg. Iyakar shekarun shine shekaru 14, amma yawanci ana kama kifi ne tare da nauyin kilogram 1-3 da tsayin jiki na 40-60 cm Pikeperch yana girma zuwa tsayin mita daya da rabi kuma yana nauyin kilo 15. Koyaya, maharbin ya kai irin wannan girma ne kawai a lokuta na musamman. Matsakaicin nauyin kifin yana daga 3 zuwa 7 kg.
Pike perch kamun kifi
Pike perch ana ajiye shi a cikin rami mai zurfi mai zurfi, raƙuman ruwa, tsoffin gadaje na kogin, har ya kai ga ƙoshin yashi mai laushi, kusa da madatsun ruwa da kantuna, a cikin abubuwan da ke bayan rijiyoyin da yashi, yana ƙaunar koguna masu cike da ruwa. Yana guje wa wurare masu yaduwa, ƙasa siliki kuma har yanzu ruwa.
An kama Pike perch a duk shekara, yawan cizo yana faduwa a lokacin daga tsakiyar Mayu zuwa Yuli, da kuma a watan Satumba da Oktoba. Mafi yawan cizo da sanyin safiya, da magariba da faɗuwar rana. An kama Pike perch ta hanyoyi da yawa kuma kusan duk shekara: ba a ɗauka kawai cikin ruwa mara nauyi, amma a cikin lokacin zafi mafi zafi. A cikin lokacin bude ruwa, mafi yawan abincin da ake kama shine kamun kifi tare da kayan ginin rayuwa ba tare da ƙira akan ƙugiyar gudgeon ba, dacewa ko ruwan dare. An ɗauke shi duka daga jirgi mai rufewa, da kuma daga mai motsawa (jirgin ruwan kamun kifi ko bututun ruwa).A cikin halayen guda biyu, koto ya kamata ya kasance kusa da tushe. Yana da kyau a ɗan ɗaukaka shi lokaci-lokaci, sa'an nan a runtse shi. Daga jirgin ruwan da suke motsawa suna kama kifi kawai a cikin zurfin wurare (mita 3 ko fiye).
Har ila yau, suna kama mutane da yawa a kan abubuwan da ba na wucin gadi ba: zubewa da tarko don sharar dabbobin. Spinners sun sanya launuka masu kauri, tsayi, silvery (aƙalla a gefe ɗaya) launuka. An yi amfani da tsintsaye musamman akan hanyoyin ruwa da yayye. Ramin zurfin yana ɗaukar matsala mai nauyi, yana wasa da shi a cikin ƙananan ruwa da tsakiyar ruwa. A cikin manyan wuraren waha (tafkuna) ko kuma magudanan ruwa (tafki), ana aiwatar da kamun kifi a cikin da'irori.
Za a iya kama Zander cikin nasara a kusan kowace hanya: zube, sandar kamun kifin kan ruwa, jakuna, ƙwalla, ƙwanƙwasa, amai da waƙa daga jirgin ruwan, jig da mashigar teku ke tasiri. A cikin hunturu, kwari pike perch a kan lanterns na hunturu da talakawa kamun kifi hunturu, sanye take da babban mormyshka don aras juya, sauran hanyoyin hunturu - masu sikeli, masu daidaitawa da masu aikin wofi, suma suna cikin nasara. Ya kamata a sanya kifayen kamun kamun kifi tare da manyan igiyoyi da kuma layin kamun kifin.
Nozzles for pike perch: bait mai rai (smelt yana da kyan gani musamman, amma ana iya kama shi don birgewa da chebak), soya, naman kifin, ya fashe, ƙyayar tsutsotsi, harsashi, ƙwanƙwasa, zube, lemun tsami, da naman alade daban-daban na silicone (tsora-wutsiyoyi, twan mata) . Haɗin 2 ko fiye nozzles na iya ba da kyakkyawan sakamako. A cikin hunturu, ƙwararren gidan da zai iya daskarewa tare da ɗanɗano na kokwamba da kifin ruwan gishiri ko kuma koto.
Pike perch yayi kama da pike nibble. Idan ka riƙe sandan kamun kifi a hannunka, zaka iya jin ƙwanƙwasa lokacin da mai satar ya kama sandar. Bayan haka, kuna buƙatar jan layin kamun kifi kaɗan, perke pike zai yi sauri don ƙugiyar ya haɗiye shi, sannan ku kwance layin kamun ta a tsakanin mita 2 2-4 tare da haɗa shi. Yin kamun kifi na babban dabbar na iya ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa, dole ne ku yi rauni akai-akai kuma ku ja layin kamun kifi har sai an kawo kifin cikin raga.
Bayyanar da yankin
Pike perch yana yadu sosai a cikin sabbin sassan ruwa na Yammacin Turai da Asiya, ana samunsa a cikin koguna na Baltic, Black, Azov Seas, Caspian, Aral Sea, Issyk-Kul da Balkhash, kazalika a cikin wasu tafkuna da wuraren ambaliyar wadannan tekuna.
Babban kifi. A cewar bayanan hukuma, ana samun mutanen da suka fi tsayi tsawon mita da kuma nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 10- 10, kuma tabbas akwai samfurori manya da yawa. Halin halayyar shine kasancewar manyan hakoran fang mai siffa akan jijiyoyi, wanda a cikin maza yawanci yafi girma akan mace.
Rayuwa & Abinci
Ta hanyar rayuwa, zander alama ce ta gari. Yana ciyar da kifi, ƙananan mutane kuma suna cin abinci mai ruwa. Yana da matukar damuwa ga yawan oxygen a cikin ruwa da kasancewar abubuwan dakatarwa, saboda haka ba a sameshi a jikin jikunan ruwa. A cikin lokacin dumi, ana ajiye shi a zurfin 2-5 m. Yana aiki da rana dare da rana. Sakamakon kasancewar wani yanki mai haske a bayan fainiya, ya sami damar farauta yadda yakamata a ƙaramin haske. A dare yakan shiga cikin ruwa mara zurfi ko farauta a saman ruwa, yana shirya abin da ake kira "yaƙi", tare da halayyar “ƙuruciya”. Da rana, ƙaura zuwa wurare masu zurfi. Yawancin lokaci fi son ƙasa mai yashi ko daskararre, musamman idan akwai manyan abubuwa (daskararren itace, duwatsu, da sauransu) waɗanda za a iya amfani da su azaman matsuguni, tunda maharbi galibi ɗan farauta ne. Tushen abinci mai gina jiki yawanci shine kifi tare da kunkuntar jiki. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, waɗannan 'yan maruƙa ne, masu ƙanƙan wuta, ɓarna ko kuma tyulka, dalilin wannan shine ƙaramar makogwaro ta yanayi. Ana amfani da waɗannan kifayen guda ɗaya lokacin da ake kamun kifin a kan dabbobin da aka zana.
Zander yana da matukar tsayayyar cuta iri-iri.
Kwatsam a cikin Yankin Gabas na Rasha
A shekarun 1960 zuwa 1970, masana kimiyyar ilmin kimiya sun saki yara a cikin tafkin Khanka. Pike perch a hankali ya ɗauki tushe, wataƙila yana fuskantar adawa mai ƙarfi daga kifin asalin asalin. Sudak ya gangara Ussuri, wanda aka samo a Kogin Amur a cikin ɓarkewar masu ɓarna na magidanci. Masu gasa na pike perch cikin sharuddan mazauna da hanyar samar da abinci sune aukha da alps.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Zander na iya yin ƙaura zuwa wurare masu nisa, amma yana zuwa wuraren da aka fi so, galibi cikin ruwa mai zurfi, da wuya a zurfafan mita - 7 mita. Idan a cikin lokuta na yau da kullun don zurfin zurfin zurfi, yalwar abinci da tsabtaccen ruwa, to, a lokacin tsalle, ya zaɓi jiki da shiru. Zander ta ɓullo da bazara, lokacin da ruwan yake da zazzabi na kusan digiri 12.
Pike perch kamun kifi
A lokacin yawon shakatawa, an kasu yawan al'umma zuwa kananan kungiyoyi da suka kunshi maza da yawa da mace daya. Mace ta sami wuri don sanya ƙwai kuma, ta amfani da wutsiya, ta tsaftace ta ko sanya rami mai tsini har zuwa cm 60 a tsayi kuma zurfin cm 10 Da sanyin safiya, mace a cikin madaidaiciyar matsayi (kai a ƙasa) yana farawa.
Wanne kalma mai mahimmanci za a iya yanke hukunci ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa mace mai nauyin kilo takwas na iya sa ƙwai miliyan 1. Qwai suna launin rawaya a launi da kusan 1 mm a diamita. Takin yana faruwa tare da taimakon kifi guda - babba mafi girma, yana sannu a hankali yana shayar da abin sha tare da madara.
Ayyukan mahaifin na gaba shima sun hada da kare qwai. Koyaya, wannan aikin za'a iya sanya shi ga maza mafi girma na biyu a cikin rukuni. Namiji baya barin kowa zuwa gida (mazaunan ruwa na ruwa da yawa zasu iya cin caviar) kuma yana tsaftace ruwan koyaushe. Sai kawai lokacin da dukkanin larva suka fito daga qwai, mai tsaro zai iya samun 'yanci ya kuma shiga ruwa mai zurfi.
Tsawon tsayi har zuwa mm 4 mm yakan fito daga qwai kamar kwana goma bayan hadi, ba za su iya ciyar da kansu ba. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, sai suka watsu zuwa wurare daban-daban kuma suka fara cin kananan plankton da kansu.
Fry daga larvae an kafa sosai da sauri, to, sun sami jikin siffar halayyar girma kifi. Abinci don kifi biyu santimita tsawo shine ƙananan crustaceans, haɓakar matasa na wasu nau'in kifaye ko danginsu mai saurin ji.
Adadin girma ya dogara da samar da kyakkyawan tsarin abinci da yanayin rayuwa. Kifi yana farawa da farko bayan shekaru 3-4 bayan haihuwa. Tsawon rayuwar ɗan zandir shekaru 13 zuwa 17 ne.
Pikeperch kifi. Sanarwa, fasali, nau'in halitta, salon rayuwa da mazaunin zander
Zander talakawa - kifi mai tsini-mai launin ruwan wuta. Masana ilimin halitta sunyi la'akari da zander a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin jinsunan da suke mambobi ne na dangin perch. Masunta - a matsayin abu na kamun kifi. Cooks da matan aure - a matsayin tushen kayan abinci na kifi.
Pikeperch ya zama ruwan dare a cikin matsakaici da manyan koguna na Eurasia. A arewa, ana samunsa a bakin kogunan Siberiya. A cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya ana iya kamawa cikin ruwan Lake Hanko. A kudu ya mallaki koguna da tabkuna na Anatolia. A yamma, mallakar rijiyar pike ya ƙunshi duk yankunan ruwa na Turai.
Bayanin da fasali
Zander — kifi carnivorous. Mai kama da ruwan sha biyu, mafi shahararrun masu aiki da farauta: perch da pike. Jikin pike da ke jikin Pike mara nauyi ne, yana da elongated, tare da gauraka da dan kadan. Ya fara da istihara, sanadiyyar zafin jiki.
Bakin, kamar yadda ya cancanci maharbi, yana da girma. Yankunan da aka shimfiɗa a ciki suna a tsaye daga jajayen, biyu a ƙananan jaw kuma biyu a saman. Bayan haɓakawa da tsakanin su ƙarami ne, mai kaifi, haƙora. Babu shakka, irin wannan kayan aikin maxillofacial yana iya kama kifi kuma ya riƙe kifi mafi sauri.
Don kama ganima, dole ne a fara gani, ji. Tsarin gani shine babban nau'ikan hangen nesa na yanayin da ɗan adam ke dogara dashi. Idanun kifin suna da girma, zagaye, tare da iris launin ruwan kasa. A cikin koguna da koguna ba koyaushe daidai m ruwa. Amma gaban zander bai lalace ba.
A gaban gangar jikin na pikeperch kuwa hanci ne: ramuka biyu a gaban kowane ido. Daga cikinsu akwai sassa na ciki zuwa ginin wari. Ba kamar gabobin gano warin ba, kayan agaji na kunne ba su da kayan haɗi na waje. Ana watsa sauti ta cikin kasusuwa kwanyar zuwa hagu da dama na na'urori masu auna firikwensin. Ji daga zander ba dadi ba. Gwaje-gwajen sun nuna cewa kifayen suna jin kararrakin da ake yi a bakin teku, alal misali, matakan mutum.
Ba kamar ji ba, ba wanda ya gwada gabobin dandano a cikin zander. Amma suna. Su ne rukuni na sel masu karɓa mai warwatse a cikin bakin da cikin jiki. Kwayoyin hankali suna yin aikin taɓawa. Ba a keɓe su zuwa wani wuri na musamman ba. Taɓo pike perch "yana jin fatar."
Mafi kyawun sashin kifaye shine kashin bayansa. Ta zagaya jikin. Bangaren subcutaneous na layin dogale ne mai dauke da sel masu hankali. An haɗa shi da duniyar waje ta ƙananan ramuka. Yana aika bayani game da alkibla da ƙarfin rafin ruwa zuwa kwakwalwar kifin. Kifin da ya rasa ganinsa zai iya rayuwa ta hanyar maida hankali ne akan bayani kawai daga bangaran.
A cikin zander, ana iya ganin layin a duk ƙarshen aikin sa. Ya fara daga murfin gill. An shirya su kamar kek ɗin farantin farali: na farko akwai farali, daga gaba-gaba, sai kuma murfin, sa'annan a rufe mafakan. Wannan zane yana samar da dogaro na musamman na buɗewa da rufewa daga tsalle-tsalle.
A matakin inda zubin ya ke karewa, karewar zai fara. Ya mamaye kusan duka layin gangar jikin kuma an kasu kashi biyu. Na farko ya ƙunshi spikes 12-15. Tushen kashi na biyu na fin din bayan dorsal shine kimanin haskoki 20 na rayuwa. A cikin hanyar da aka faɗaɗa, fin fin ɗin zander, musamman ma rabin farko, yayi daidai da fin na farjin mara ƙima da ƙima akan ta.
Inda ƙarar ƙararrakin ta ƙare a cikin jirgi, wutsiyar zata fara. Ita, bi da bi, an sanye ta da haɗaɗɗiyar mahaifa, daidaitaccen siffa tare da ruwan wukake. Girman girma da ƙirar fin ɗin sun yi magana game da mallakar kifin saurinsa.
Kamar na ɗakuna, ƙaramin caudal, in ba haka ba nazar, fin na pike perch ba a da aikin yi. Dauke da tuffa guda 3, bangare rufe da fata. Rage jikin pikeperch sanye yake da wasu hanyoyi biyu masu motsawa: juzu'i da ƙashin ciki. Dukkan sassan biyu na ruwa suna haɗuwa, masu fasali.
Matsakaici na jiki, cikakkun bayanai na jiki, ƙoshin hankallan suna karkata zuwa ga yanayin tsinkaye. Ainihin dabi'ar zander ita ce shigar da ganima. Wasu lokuta su kifi ne, frogs, amma galibi kifi ne. Ruff da aka kama na iya zama babba ko ƙarami, amma kullun yana da bakin ciki.
Sabili da haka, pharynx da esophagus na pike perch suna da ƙarfi da ƙarancin aiki. A ciki ba na roba ba. Dukkanin gabobin na ciki na zander suna nan a tsaye cikin sashin jikin mutum kuma suna motsawa gaba daya zuwa kai. Kashiya kai tsaye a karkashin hanun.
Yankin na ciki ya kusan kyauta. Tana cika lokacin da zander ya haɗiye kifi. Farin ciki ya dahu. Bayan haɗiye kifin, pike perch yana jiran cikakkiyar narkewarsa, bayan wannan ne ya ci gaba da farauta.
Perch na kowa yana da dangi kaɗan. Dukkansu mambobi ne na dangin Percidae, sunan gama gari ga dangi gurbi ne. Halittar halittar, a cikin abin da aka mayar da zander a matsayin nau'in halitta, yana dauke da sunan kimiyya Sander. Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan 9.
- Matsakaicin pike na kowa. Mafi mashahuri da kuma shahararrun jinsunan. Sunan tsarin sa shine Sander lucioperca.
- Rawaya mai launin zobba. An haɗa kayan tarihin ilimin halitta a ƙarƙashin sunan Sander vitreus. Don launi na ƙusoshin ƙyallen, ana kiran wannan nau'in azaman ƙwaƙwalwar mai wuta-pike.
- Kabilar Amurka ta Arewa - Canadianan wasan zandam na Kanada. An samo shi a cikin Kogin St. Lawrence, an ƙware da haraji da tabkuna a cikin wannan tsarin ruwa. Sander canadensis sunan kimiyya ne na wannan mazaunin New World.
- Ruwan teku pike - kawai nau'in halittun da suke musayar kogi da tafkin ruwa mai kyau don sararin samaniya. Tana zaune a cikin Caspian da ruwan tekun Bahar Maliya. Sunan Latin - Sander marinus.
- Rashancin Rasha - Volga zander. Masunta da karkara suna kiransa da bersh. Basu dauki wannan kifin wani gunguni ba, amma suna tsinkaye shi azaman wani nau'in kifayen da ke cancanta. Kodayake bersh shine ɗayan jinsunan zander tare da sunan tsarin Sander olgensis.
Zander yana da ma’anoni da yawa. Mazauna yankin arewa maso yamma sun san Ladoga pike perch, masunta na Novgorod sun kama Ilmen pike perch, mazauna Karelia sun kwace Chelmuzh pike perch. Akwai wasu sunayen yankuna: Syrdarya pike perch, Ural pike perch, Amudarya na dake, per Kuban Pike, kogin zander. Lokacin da suka yi magana game da pike perch gaba ɗaya, suna furta wannan sunan ba tare da fayyace bayanai da ƙuduri ba, suna nufin talakawa pike. Ana iya yin la'akari da shi da gaskiya a matsayin shugaban gidan zander.
Pikeperch kamun kifi
An kama Zander a kowane lokaci na shekara. Daya daga cikin mafi kyawun yanayi don wannan shine hunturu. Spinner galibi ana amfani dashi azaman kaya. Mai daidaita mata ta maye gurbin ta. Wannan nau'in kayan masarufi ne na zamani. Hakanan a cikin ruwa na bude, ana iya ɗaukar zander akan kilka.
Don irin wannan nau'in kamun kifi, an sayo kifin da aka yanka. Kafin kamun kifi, ana ajiye shi a cikin firiji. A kan kankara, zaku iya ciyar da kifi 20-25 a rana. Ba shi yiwuwa a faɗi nawa wannan zai kawo kama zander.
Don nasarar kama kifayen kwandon shara babu isasshen kayan aiki mai kyau, kuna buƙatar sanin tafki, wuraren da manyan zandunan za su iya tsayawa. Wannan shine, ramuka, recesses tare da snags a kasan. Lokacin hunturu, a tsaye na kama kifi yana ba da damar kamun kifi.
Tare da zuwan bazara, tsinkayar zander na iya fada. Tare da narke kankara, dusar ƙanƙara, ruwa ya fara zuwa. A wannan gaba, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar sandar juyayi. Neman wuraren da zander ya sauka ba abu ne mai wahala ba. A cikin bazara, an haɗe shi cikin ƙananan garke waɗanda ke zama a cikin ramuka na hunturu.
Twallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙasa shine hanya ɗaya don gano zander. Wani samfurin da aka kama yana nuna cewa ya kamata a ci gaba da yin jigging a wannan wurin. Wannan ingantacciyar dabarar tana ba ku damar ɗaukar kyakkyawan kamala na bazara.
Zuwan bazara ya zo daidai da farkon zhora: zander ya sami nauyi kafin yaɗuwa. A wannan gaba, zubewa yana ba ka damar samun kifi a ƙyallen da aka ƙera: mai leken asirin ko sprat iri ɗaya. A cikin lokacin ɓarna da wani ɗan lokaci bayan shi, Pike perch bai amsa dabarun masanin ba.
Komawa daga tashin hankali, kifin ya sake dawowa zhor. Kifi lokaci-lokaci yana nuna son kai: yana fara yin watsi da itsan kura da a baya suka yi aiki babu matsala. Gabaɗaya, bazara lokaci ne mai wuya ga kifi. Don neman kusanci da shi, masanin kifi dole ne a koyaushe ya nemi mafi kyawun wurare da mafi kyawun kullun.
Rollingaddamar da shi ba hanyar da aka daɗe ba ta kama hanyar kamun kifi. Ana iya ɗaukar sahihiyar hanyar babban kifi na kamun kifi akan hanya. Sakawa ta wannan hanya suna da tasiri a kowane lokaci na shekara, musamman ma lokacin bazara.
Ana amfani da guna iri iri azaman abubuwan tarawa. Mashahurai masu sa maye. Baarfin da ya dace da kuma zurfin abin da ake gudanar da shi sune ɓangarori biyu na nasarar kamun kifi pikeperch. Wannan ya tabbatar da yawan gaske pike perch a cikin hoto.
Masunta, sun saba da hanyoyin gargajiya, suna zaɓar kamun kifi don ƙwanƙwarar rayuwa. A cikin wannan zaɓi, da yawa ya dogara da mahimmancin, motsi na kifi-nozzles. A matsayin karɓar gabaɗaya, ana zaɓan masu fulotocin wuta. Wannan ingantacciyar dabara ce da ke aiki cikin nasara duka damuna da damuna.