Bayyanar mutum da hali. Mafi karami na geese namu, na waje yayi kama da farar fata. Tsayin Jiki 61.5 cm (maza) da 59.5-61.5 cm (mace), firam 134 cm (maza) da 120-125 cm (mata), nauyi 1.3-2.5 kg.

Bayanin. Launin launi, gindi, kafafu suna kama da farin goge-fara, daga abin da, ban da girmansa, ya banbanta ta gwargwado: gajartare da tauri mai kauri, ƙaramin kanti tare da guntun tsattsaguwa, tsawon sa wanda yake ƙasa da rabin tsawon kai. Layin goshi yana da zurfin cizo sama da na wani goge fari mai goge farare. Kari akan haka, firinji shine mafi tsayi mai fikafika da kuma fikafikan geese, iyakar fikafikan fukafukinsa, sabanin farin gilashi mai fararen gaba, yaduwa sosai a saman wutsiyar. A ƙarshe, farin tabo a goshin piscula ya fi yawa kuma yana zuwa cikin kunkuntar weji a kan kambi na ido, har ma a nesa mai nisa, zoben rawaya mai haske a kusa da idanun bayyane bayyane.

Tsuntsu mai tashi yana jan hankalin haske sama da na farin goge-goge, ƙanana da babba na gashin fuka-fukan tsuntsaye, yana bambanta da gashin fuka-fuka-baƙar fata. Matasan pisculi da aminci sun bambanta da matasa fararen gege-goge ne kawai a cikin gwargwado da launi na baki - yana da ruwan hoda, duhu kawai yatsun hannu (babu wani wuri mai duhu akan kunya).

Kuri'a. Hawayen da ake yi suna jin ƙara, suna ji kamar "yuu yu yu».

Matsayi na Rarraba. A halin yanzu, wani nau'in halitta ne mai wuya wanda ke da raguwa da wadataccen yanki, yankin da yake zaune a baya ya mamaye yanki na kudancin tundra da tundra dajin Eurasia daga Scandinavia zuwa Chukotka, yanzu yankin ya rabu biyu. An samo shi tare da sauran nau'ikan tsibirin na Arctic a lokacin hunturu; manyan wuraren hunturu sune Mesopotamia, Azerbaijan, yankin Tekun Bahar Maliya da Girka.

Rayuwa. A kan ƙaurawar bazara da kaka ana iya samun sa tare da farin goge-goge. A halin yanzu, ya zama ruwan dare a cikin kwari da yawa da kuma lokaci-lokaci kan hanyar White-Baltic da kuma a cikin yankuna na tsakiyar Rasha. Gidaje akan kangararren tsaunuka na koguna tare da ciyawar daji da ciyayi masu yawa tare da bankunan. Masonry, galibi yana kunshe da ƙwai 4-6, wanda mace ke shigar da ita. Ana kiyaye Broods a kan koguna, ƙasa da kan tabkuna.

Ina yake zama

Piskuli gida a cikin tsaunukan arewacin tuddai, yana mamaye dazuzzuka-tundra da kuma kudancin tundra na Eurasia. An gabatar da nau'in a cikin Scandinavia. Koyaya, a yau ana rarraba su marasa daidaituwa, adadinsu yana da madaidaici. A Rasha, ana samun tsuntsaye a cikin yankin daga Kola Peninsula har zuwa Tekun Anadyr.

Piskulka wata al'ada ce da ke zaune a kwarin kogin da ke cikin ƙananan kwari na arewacin, dajin-tundra da kuma kudu na tundra, inda take zaune a kwarin koguna da manyan koguna kuma suna zaune a iyakar ciyawar daji.

Wadannan tsuntsayen hunturu a Tekun Caspian, cikin Tekun Bahar Maliya, a kudu na Yammacin Turai, a inan Asiya, a cikin ƙasashen kudu maso gabashin Asiya, a cikin Balkans, Azerbaijan da
Kasar China.

Alamun waje

Theaukar nauyin kwari daga 1.5 zuwa 2.5 kilogiram, waɗannan ƙananan geese ne. Matsakaicin tsayi ya kai 66 cm, fikafikai - 135 cm.

Babban launi na sutturar wadannan tsuntsayen sune launin ruwan kasa-da launin toka, amma ciki da kaifin ido sun kasance launin fari-fari. Mafi kyawun halayyar waje na pisculos shine fari a saman kai, wanda ya kai matsayin idanun. Kuma idanunsu suna kewaye da zoben-rawaya-mai launin shuɗi, kama da tabarau waɗanda suka fito daga bangon babban murhun launin toka. Kafafu, kamar yawancin geese, ja-ja ne. Gefen yana da ruwan hoda da gajere. Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye waɗanda ba su kai ga balaga ba ba su da wata alama ta daban ta maciji - farin tabo.

Pisculi idanu frame wani bakin ciki rawaya zobe

Kayan daji mai saukar da duhu duhu ne a sama, goshi mai launin shuɗi, launin shuɗi mai tsayi mai duhu wanda yake wucewa cikin ido, ƙashin jikinsa yana rawaya.

Rayuwa

Piskulki yi ciyayi a tsibiran dake bakin tabkuna, kawai don yin ɗan gajeren watanni uku a nan, sannan kuma yi tafiya mai nisa. Jirgin saman sama sama da kusan rabin rayukansu ne, kuma duka nisan da suka rufe a wannan shekarar ya kai kilomita 8,000. Haka kuma, kowace tafiya tana faruwa tazarar kusan kilomita 1,500. Tsakanin irin waɗannan jiragen, Pisculi sun yi tsayi tsayi don dawo da ƙarfi da ci gaba a kan hanyarsu.

Piskuli yawanci suna tashi cikin garke mai ɓarna, kawai lokacin jirgin sama mai nisa ne suke yin layi tare da layin ƙetare ko kusurwa. A doron kasa, wannan tsuntsu ba kawai cikin hikima yake tafiya ba, amma kuma yana tafiya da kyau. Layin, ba ya iya tashi geese, da ya ga wani mutum daga nesa, ya yi ƙoƙari ya tashi daga gabar teku ya ɓuya a cikin ɓoye. Suna yin hakan cikin sauri da nasara cewa gano su a nan kusan ba zai yiwu ba.

Biyu daga pussies

Piskulka, kamar sauran geese, suna cin abincin da aka shuka ne musamman - horsetails, ciyawar auduga, hatsi, wasu ganye, da 'ya'yan itatuwa da tsaba. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa piscules suna samun abincin su na musamman a cikin ƙasa. A lokacin hunturu, wannan ƙaramin Goose yana kuzari a cikin filayen hunturu, ana cin sha'ir da alfalfa.

Sun san yadda za a yi ruwa, har da iyo, suna cire kawunansu kawai daga cikin ruwa.

Kiwo

A kan farauta, wannan ƙaramin ɗan Goose yana samar da yankunan da ke da wuya kuma yana son sassauƙanwa a ƙarƙashin kariyar ƙaddarar tsuntsaye - ƙwallafa furuci da peregrine falcons.

Yanayin zaman kashe wando na matsugunai a kan ƙasar Rasha yana farawa a watan Mayu - Yuni, daga lokacin isowa zuwa wuraren nesting. Suna shirya ciyayi a cikin duwatsu masu ɓoye da aka ɓoye a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi. Gidajen waɗannan geese an shirya su kamar yadda ake tsara su kuma marasa kan gado ne a cikin ƙasa, an yi layi mai zurfi da ƙasa. Clack yawanci yana da ƙwaya mai haske 4-5. Lokacin da aka kyankyasar, launin ya zama launin ruwan kasa-kasa mai launi iri-iri. Mace ta zauna akan mazaunin ta sosai cewa, tana ɓoyewa, ta bar mutumin kusa, amma sai ta fashe da kuka a cikin iska, namiji yakan yi ta biye da ita.

Hatching yana kusan wata guda, bayan wannan geese ya tattara a cikin manyan garkuna da molt. Goslings ba su da banbanci sosai da 'yan wasu membobin halittar. Suna da ban dariya da ban sha'awa, launin rawaya mai kauri, mai laushi da faɗi.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa

A halin yanzu, Norway ta damu da sake dawo da adadin ƙwayoyin pisculi, kuma wannan ƙasa ce ta cancanci godiya da gaskiyar cewa an saka pisculi a cikin jerin nau'ikan jinsunan da ke barazanar ƙonewa a duniya.

Kuma ba abin mamaki ba, saboda yawan kiwo da ke tattare da wannan kuran a cikin ƙasar kawai tsuntsaye 30 ne! Rashin kowane ɗayan na iya samun babban sakamako don maido da yawan jama'a. Ana tura 'yan ƙasar Norway da ba su shiga cikin kiwo ba ko kuma abubuwanda suka mutu saboda wasu dalilai ana aika su zuwa Tsibirin Taimyr. Bayan sauka, sun tashi daga cikin tsibiran teku kuma suka ruga zuwa Arewacin Kazakhstan, tare suka bi hanya tare da tsuntsayen daga wasu yankuna. Manufa ta karshe ta hanyar su ita ce Iran da Girka, inda zasu ci gaba har zuwa hunturu. Yana da matukar wahala a rarrabe tsofon Yaren mutanen Norway daga sauran. A cikin daji, waɗannan tsuntsayen har ila yau ana iya ceton su ta hanyar kiyaye adadin mutane a alƙaluma a wani matakin, amma ana buƙatar matakan kariya na musamman.

Siffar Bird da Habitat

Tsawon jikin mutum na dattijo ya kai 65-72 cm, kuma fikafin fitsari ya fi mitimita. Matsakaicin nauyin tsuntsu ya kai kilogiram 2-2.4. Launin launin ruwan pisculi yana da matukar mahimmanci na geese na yau da kullun, waɗanda aka bred a gida: launin ruwan kasa da launuka masu launin shuɗi hade da juna.

Siffar halayyar Goose na mai maye shine beak dinta mai duhu da shuɗi. Ina rantsuwa da inuwa, amma babu wata hanyar da za a bambanta tsakanin mace da namiji. Alamar bambance-bambance na jinsi shine wuyan waɗannan geese, wanda yake kusan kashi 35 cikin guntu cikin mace fiye da na namiji. Daga ƙasa, tushen waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da sauƙi, kuma akwai wadatattun abubuwa da yawa a cikin ƙananan sassan jikin mutum. A waje, sikirin yana matukar maimaita tunanin farin goge-goge. Bambanci yana cikin girman kawai - fararen kifin sau da yawa karami ne. Bugu da kari, akwai iyakar rawaya a kusa da idanun pisculka, kuma a goshin akwai wani halayyar halayyar farare a launi, daga saman kai.

Mafi sau da yawa, pisculata yana zaune a cikin ƙasa tare da tudun dutse ko kuma tuddai. Gidajen Bird suna cikin wurare kusa da ƙananan rafuffuka, koguna ko ƙananan tafkuna. Suna jin mafi girman kwanciyar hankali a cikin taiga, gandun daji-tundra ko a cikin shimfidar wuri tare da manyan tsintsaye, a cikin kewayen wurare da kuma wuraren nesa kusa da marshes.

Zaku iya haduwa da pisculka a arewacin Eurasia, inda tayi iyaka da tundra, haka kuma a Anadyr, kan cibiyoyin gidan waya na Kola da Scandinavia. Wannan nau'in tsuntsayen ana daukar su ƙaura ne. Lokacin hunturu na Piskulku yana faruwa a tekun Bahar Maliya, kusa da Tekun Caspian, a Girka, China, Hungary, Azerbaijan ko Romania.

Mafi sau da yawa, piskulka suna gina mazaunin kusa da rafuka daban-daban, amma don nesting kanta busasshen ƙasa a kan ƙananan tuddai wajibi ne. Wani lokaci ana iya ganin firayen waɗannan tsuntsayen a tarkokin tarko ko kuma tashe-tashen hankula - wannan ƙaramin ƙanƙanun layi ne wanda aka liƙa tare da ciyawar ko ciyawar.

Yawan jama'a

A farkon karni na XIX. Pisculi ya kasance ruwan dare gama gari har ma ya mamaye sararin samaniya daga arewacin Scandinavia zuwa Tekun Bering. Yanzu yawan pisculi bai wuce 30,000 nau'i-nau'i ba.

Babban dalilan da suka haifar da raguwar raguwar yawan tsuntsayennnn screech an daukakansu azaman barkewa da gurɓatar yanayi gaba ɗaya.

Duk da cewa piscule nau'in kare ne, farauta wanda aka haramta shi, galibi yakan zama abin farauta ne saboda kamanninsa da fararen goge fararen fata. Sau da yawa waɗannan nau'ikan biyu suna rikicewa, amma har yanzu akwai bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a tsakanin su. Idan ka kula dasu, zaka iya ceton ran wani nau'in tsuntsayen. Fuskokin fari-gaban-kifi sun fi girma, yawan su ya kai kilo 3.2. Farin fari a goshinsu ƙanƙanuwa ne kuma ana iya ganinsa kusa da gindin beak.

Bugu da kari, raguwar adadin pisculi yana da alaƙa da wani mummunan yanayi a wuraren hunturu, inda suka fara shuka kayan masana'antu maimakon abinci da abinci, don haka yana lalata tushen abinci na ɗanyen. Sakamakon bambancin fari da ruwan da ke tashi daga Tekun Caspian, wuraren hunturu na pisculata a wannan yankin sun shuɗe. Bugu da kari, a Azerbaijan da China suna farautar pisculens don hunturu.

An tsare Piskulka a cikin Reshen Shoyninsky a kan Tsibirin Kanin, kuma ana ba da shi a cikin Zoo na Moscow.

Halin Pisculi da salon rayuwarta

Wannan Goose yana da matukar tsantsan da shakku, musamman kasancewa cikin garken sa. Amma duk wayon tsuntsayen ya bace a wannan lokacin da mace take sanya ido ga zuriya ko ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai. A irin waɗannan halayen, squeak zai iya ba da izinin barin shi kusa da gida.

Wakilan wannan nau'in tsuntsayen suna tashi da sauri, amma ga wani mai kallo a waje jirginsu yakan zama kamar jinkirin ne. A kan aiwatar da tashi zuwa wurare masu zafi, Pisculi tashi sama mai tsayi.

Jirgin yana faruwa ne ta hanyar sifa mai fasali mai fasali mai fasinja V ko a layin jirgin sama mai ɗaukar nauyi. A ƙasa, pisculka yana motsawa tare da wani tsararren tsauri mai ƙarfi. Hakanan, wadannan tsuntsaye na iya gudu da sauri da sauri.

Sau da yawa zaku iya lura da farji, wanda ke tsaye akan ɗayan kafafu. Irin wannan kuranin garken tsuntsaye ne, amma idan suka yi kiwo, suna tare da abokansu a wani wurin da ake keɓewa daban.

Me piscules suke ci

Duk wani tsuntsayen da aka rarrabe su a matsayin masu bayar da amsa, suna iya cin tsire biyu da kayayyakin dabbobi. Irin wannan abincin ne wanda yake basu damar rayuwa da haɓaka yadda yakamata.

Duk da cewa piskulka na son tsarin ruwa da wanka, ana kiranta nau'in tsuntsayen ƙasa ne. Dangane da wannan, abincinsa ya ƙunshi mafi yawa daga abin da ke girma a saman duniya.

Abincin pisculi na yau da kullun shine ciyawar bazara na bazara, wanda wannan kakar ba kawai mai arziki ba ce, har ma da wadataccen ma'adinai da ƙwayoyin bitamin waɗanda kowane dabbobi ke buƙata bayan lokacin hunturu ya ƙare.

Babu ƙarancin pisculka mai ƙarfi da zai fi son cin ganyayyaki da mai tushe daga ƙananan tsirrai da bishiyoyi. Idan garken tsuntsaye na zaune a wurin da filayen al'adu daban-daban suke a nan kusa, to pisculata galibi yakan fara ziyartarsu, yana fifita cin abinci akan ciyawar da aka shuka.

Daga cikin ganyayyaki da yawa, waɗannan geese suna son alkama, hatsi, sedge, alfalfa. A lokacin rani, piskulka ba ta yin sakaci da 'ya'yan itace; Don mafi yawan lokaci, wannan tsuntsu yana ci da safe da maraice, yana ɓatar da ranar a cikin ruwa.

Bayanin

Ta bayyanarsa, Piskulka tana da matukar muhimmanci game da wani gogaggen talakawa, ƙarami ne kawai, tare da ƙaramin kai, gajerun ƙafafu da baki. Yawan nauyin mace da namiji ya sha bamban sosai kuma yana iya kasancewa daga kilogram 1.3 zuwa 2.5. Tsawon Jiki - 53 -6 cm, fikafikai - 115-140 cm.

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Launin fuka-fukin gashin fari-launin toka ne: kai, babba ne mai launin ruwan kasa-launin toka, baya ga wutsiyar tana da launin toka-toka, akwai bakaken fata a jikin mutum. Wani bangare na musamman shine babbar farar fata wacce take ratsa saman goshin tsuntsu. Idanu masu launin ruwan kasa, sun mamaye fata mai ruwan fata ba tare da murfin gashin tsuntsu ba. Kayan kafa - Orange ko rawaya, Fentin fentin a nama ko kodadde ruwan hoda.

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Sau ɗaya a shekara, a tsakiyar lokacin rani, Piskulek ya fara molt: da farko, ana sabunta ƙaramin dutsen, sannan gashin. A wannan lokacin, tsuntsaye suna da matukar rauni ga abokan gaba, tunda saurin motsin su ta hanyar ruwa, da kuma ikon kawar da sauri, an rage sosai.

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Habitat

Piskulka yana zaune a duk yankin arewacin Eurasia, kodayake a cikin yankin Turai na adadin adadinsu ya ragu sosai a cikin shekarun da suka gabata kuma ana barazanar rugujewa. Wuraren da za a yi tsere: bakin tekun Baƙi da Caspian, Hungary, Romania, Azerbaijan da China.

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Smallaramin, an maido da kayan gargajiya, ana samun ƙauyukan waɗannan tsuntsayen a cikin Finland, Norway, Sweden. Mafi yawan namun daji suna Taimyr da Yakutia. Zuwa yau, adadin wannan nau'in, a cewar masana kimiyya, bai wuce mutum dubu 60-75 ba.

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Don wuraren zamanta, Piskulka tana zaɓar tsaunin dutse, ko tudu, dutsen dutsen kusa da tafkuna, ambaliyar ruwa, fadama, yankuna. Gidajen titin akan titin tsawa: hammocks, ambaliyar ruwa, yayin da suke yin ƙaramin hutawa a ciki da kuma ɗaure su da gansakuka, ƙyallen fitila da itace.

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Kafin ƙirƙirar ma'aurata, tsuntsayen suna kallon junan su na dogon lokaci, suna ciyar da wasannin kiwo. Namiji yakan yi jinkiri da mace na dogon lokaci, yana ƙoƙarin jawo hankalin ta da raye-raye da babbar ƙara. Sai bayan Goose ya zabi zabi, ma'auratan sun fara kiwo.

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Yawancin lokaci Piskuli yana sanya ƙwai uku zuwa 5 na launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, wanda mace take ƙyamar shi na wata ɗaya kacal. Goslings an haife shi gabaɗaya, mai saurin girma kuma yana haɓakawa: a cikin watanni uku - wannan kyakkyawan haɓakar matasa ne. Balaga ta jima'i a cikin wannan nau'in yana faruwa a cikin shekara, matsakaicin rayuwar rayuwa shine shekaru 5-12.

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Rukunin ya bar gidajensa da farkon yanayin farko na sanyi: a ƙarshen watan Agusta, farkon Satumba. Kullum suna tashi tare da maɓalli ko layi mai kyau, jagora ne ke jagorantar shirya - ƙwararren masani kuma mai ƙarfin hali.

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Abincin Pisculi

Duk da cewa Piskulka tana ciyar da yawancin rana a cikin ruwa, amma tana samo abinci don kanta kaɗai akan ƙasa. Sau biyu a rana, safe da maraice, garken yakan fita daga cikin ruwa don neman tumbin ciyayi, ganye, Clover da alfalfa. A cikin abincincinta akwai abinci na musamman na asalin shuka.

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Piskulki yi la’akari da ‘ya’yan itãcen marmari da ganyayyaki na tumatir babbar cin abinci mai ɗaci. Hakanan, ana iya ganin su sau da yawa a kusa da filayen tare da Legrip ko amfanin gona.

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General halaye

Piskulka daidai yake da launi zuwa fatsi-fari goge, amma ya fi ƙanƙane a yanayin.Hakanan yana da guntun baki. Maɗaukakin tsofaffi suna da babban farin tabo a goshi, wanda ya kusan kusan zuwa kambi na kai. Tsawon tsayin jikinsa ya kai daga 53 zuwa 66 cm, fikafikan nashi yana daga cm 120 zuwa 135. Yawan tsuntsaye ya girma daga 1.6 zuwa 2.5 kilogiram.

Yaɗa

Piskulka nests a arewacin Eurasia a kan iyakar tare da tundra, a cikin taiga ta arewa da kuma daji-tundra. A cikin Rasha, tana faruwa ne daga Kogin Kola har zuwa Tekun Anadyr. Hakanan an samo shi a cikin Sashin Scandinavia. Masu cin nasara a kusa da Tekun Baƙi da Caspian, a Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Girka, yankin Balkan, Azerbaijan da China.