Barn Owl Yana da kai tsaye ga dangin ƙawancen ƙaura kuma mai ƙaddara ne, kodayake girmanta ya ƙanƙanta. Tsuntsu yana da sunaye da yawa waɗanda suka yi nasarar sanya wa suna ta birjik daban-daban da zane-zane na mutane, alal misali: kururuwa mai ban tsoro, mujiya mai karewa, "tsuntsu mai fuska da biri" da sauransu.

Kuma da gaske, kawai duba hoton abar hauka Don fahimtar cewa ana iya yin kama da wani sifar da ya dace da sifar wannan tsuntsu.

Siffofi da mazauninsu

Masana kimiyya masana kimiyyar ilimin halittu ba zasu iya ba da hayar owls a cikin wani rukuni na musamman ba, don haka suka yanke shawarar "sanya" su nau'ikan rabe. Babbar mujiya shine mafi yawan nau'ikan halitta, kuma ana samun shi yau akan kusan dukkanin nahiyoyi banda Antarctica.

Duk da gaskiyar cewa ɗamarar tsuntsaye mai cinyewa ne, mafi yawan nonolassan ƙwaƙwalwa, girmanta yana da matsakaici: tsawon jikin mutum ya kai daga santimita ashirin da biyar zuwa hamsin, da nauyi - daga gra ɗari biyu zuwa ɗari takwas.

Mace macen mujiya kamar kashi goma cikin ɗari sun fi maza girma. Tsarin tsuntsayen ya yi laushi kuma yana da taushi. Jiki na sama da na kai yawanci duhu launin toka ne ko launin ruwan kasa a launi, yayin da duk fuskar jikin take cike da alamun mamaki.

Belly, muck da kirji suna fari, sau da yawa tare da aibobi. Jikin mujiya abar tayi mai siriri, akan yatsun ruwan hoda masu launin baki. Idanun waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da matuƙar bayyani, tare da kyakkyawan iris na launin launi.

Babbar mujiya A yau ya bazu kusan a duk faɗin duniya, in banda Antarctica da wasu yankuna da ƙasashe masu yanayin sanyi, kamar Arewacin Amurka da Kanada.

Tunda jikin barnar Owls ba'a tarar da tarawar ajiyar kitse ba, matsanancin zafin jiki bai dace da wadannan mujiya ba. A cikin Rasha, zaku iya haɗuwa owls barn kawai a yankin Kaliningrad.

Barn Owl A cikin Jirgin Sama

Har ila yau, tsaunukan tsaunuka masu tsaunuka masu yawa da hamada na Afirka ba su gamsu da hular Owls ba. A karni na ashirin, an shigo da wannan tsuntsu zuwa Canary, Hawaiian da Seychelles, don haka yanzu akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan sa da suke zaune a can.

Barn Owls suna rayuwa a cikin yanayi mai yawa na yanayin ƙasa da shimfidar ƙasa, amma, tsuntsu ya fi son ya zauna a kan filayen buɗe tare da gandun daji mai ɗanɗano kuma yana da ɗambin ruwa da tafkuna a kusa.

Gullies, wuraren da babu kowa a ciki da ciyawa kuma sune wuraren da akafi so da sito na Owls. Yawancin lokuta suna zaune kusa da wuraren zama na ɗan adam da kuma ƙasar noma, saboda a nan koyaushe zaka iya samun abinci kuma, musamman, ƙananan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi. Masked Barn Owl ko filin jirgin ruwan Ostiraliya Ba wai kawai a Ostiraliya ba, har ma a cikin New South Wales, Tasmania da wasu yankuna.

Mashin murfin bulan masar yana cikin hoto.

Abubuwan owls na Australiya sun bambanta da sauran wakilan nau'ikan jinsinsu ba wai kawai ga kamanninsu na launuka ba, har ma da girmansu: matan owls na mata sune mafi girma daga dukkan sauran jinsuna.

Bakar fata baƙar fata - a halin yanzu na lokaci ana ɗauka mafi ƙarancin karatu, tunda aikinsa ya faɗi akan wani dare mai zurfi kuma yana ɓoyewa daga kallon mutane. Ya fi yawaita a cikin gandun daji yankuna, canjin da ke cikin makiyaya na New Guinea da gabashin ɓangaren Australiya.

Hoton hoto ne na baki na Owi

Halin hali da salon rayuwa

Sunan mai suna "fatalwa owl" allan mujiya da aka karɓa saboda iyawarta ta hanzarta bayyana a fuskar mutumin da ba ya tunani, ba tare da yin ƙaramin sauti ba. An yi imani da cewa sunan-harshen Rashanci "Barn Owl", bi da bi, tsuntsu ya sami kansa saboda muryar sautin kadan, wanda zai iya tsoratar da matafiyin da ba a sani ba ya rasa a cikin gandun daji.

Toari da damar yin magana cikin iska a hankali, mujiya abba tana da hangen nesa mai haɓakawa da kuma masu karɓar baƙi, waɗanda ke ba da damar farauta a tsakiyar dare, daidai cikin duhu.

A lokacin rana, sito Owl suna zaune a cikin m, a kan rufin ko a cikin wani ingantaccen tsari. Barn Owl, fifita salon zaman kaɗaici, amma a waɗancan wuraren da akwai abinci mai yawa, zaku iya lura da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi da gungu na tsuntsaye.

Barn Owls galibi suna aiki suna jujjuya yankin kansu, a yayin da yake canza tsayinsa sau da yawa. Da yake lura da baƙon da ba a so, mujiya ta fara yin motsi mai mahimmanci don tsoratar da abokin gaba. A fusace fuka-fukansa, kuliyoyin kwari zasu iya kai hari ga abokan gaba tare da taimakon manyan kafafunsa, tare da bude baki, yana danna shi cikin sauki.

Akwai lokuta da yawa yayin da mujiyoyi na bera suna gina mazaunin su a cikin kusancin mutum: a cikin ɗakunan shinge na gine-ginen gidaje, a cikin zango ko ginin gida. A cikin daji, wannan mujiya zata iya mamaye gida ko rami wani sauƙi.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Barn Owl wani tsuntsu ne na ganima wanda galibi yakan mutu cikin dare. Tafiya, farauta, tayi ƙasa da ƙasa, tana faɗuwa sama da ƙasa, neman abin da take nema.

Babban abinci a cikin abincin abincin mujiya na hatsi sune ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyi: hamsters, moles, berayen, berayen filin, mallaki da sauran su. Ganima da waɗannan tsuntsayen ya bambanta da yankin mazauninsu, da tsuntsayen, har ma da magabatansu, kwaɗi, jemagu, dabbobi masu rarrafe da kuma wasu nau'ikan dabbobin da ba su da ma'ana, suna samun abinci don mujiya.

Gyaran falon gida - ba shine mafi kyawun zaɓi kamar dabbobi ba, saboda, da farko, an tsara jikin mujiya a cikin wannan hanyar da suke buƙatar cinye ƙarancin raƙuman ruwa guda uku a rana, don haka idan kun yanke shawarar siyan gidan Owl, tabbas kuyi la'akari da wannan gaskiyar.

Abu na biyu, mujiya tsuntsu tsuntsu ne da ba a jere ba, don haka, a matsayin mai dabbobi, ya dace kawai ga mutanen da suke bacci da rana kuma suna bacci da dare.

Barn Owl: Bayani

Sunan wannan tsuntsu mai farauta, da alama, ya fito ne daga yanayin muryar sa, yayi kama da wani irin sihiri ko tsuntsu. Ya bambanta da sauran wakilan owls a cikin nau'in diski a fuskoki a cikin zuciya, kuma da alama tana sanye da farin abin rufe fuska. Birdan ƙaramin tsuntsu yana da launi mai haske da fuska mai kyau. Girmanta kusan iri ɗaya ne kamar mujiya mai tsayi ko jackdaw. Tsawonsa ya kai 33-39 cm, nauyin jikinta shine 300-355 g, kuma fikafikan nisansa ya kai 90 cm. Ta hanyar, nauyinta zai iya bambanta tsakanin iyakoki da yawa kuma ya dogara da wani mutum daban. Zai iya zama taro na duka 180 g da 700 g.

A cikin sashi na sama, launinta ya samo launin yashi (ja) mai launin fari da duhu. Barn Owl farar fata ne a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren (ƙasa da launin rawaya), ban da wannan akwai duhu a cikin zubin. Disc gaba yana da haske kuma yana da kamannin fuska mai kyau, ya kuma sami iyaka mai laushi, a karkashin idanun akwai karamin yanki na gashin fuka-fukan. Fikafikan fuka-fukai farare ne mai kyaun zinare. Iris duhu ne mai duhu ko baƙi. Idanun ta na bayyana da manyanta. Yana da sanyin jiki, kuma yana da dogayen kafafu, waɗanda ke da kauri da zazzaɓi a cikin yatsun. Tana da gajeren wutsiya. Bill fari ne mai launin shuɗi. Af, launi na ƙananan sashi ya dogara da ƙasa na owl owl. Misali, a Arewacin Afirka, Yammaci da Kudancin Turai, a Gabas ta Tsakiya fararen fata ne, amma a sauran kasashen Turai akwai launin ruwan kasa-orange.

A waje, a zahiri basu bambanta da juna ta hanyar jima'i. Mace suna da duhu sosai, amma ba musamman sananne ba. Har ila yau, yara kajin ba sa bambanta da manya, wasu lokuta sun fi launi.

Kamar yadda muka lura, irin wannan tsuntsu kamar tsuntsu mai wutsi yana da bayyananniyar rawar gani, hoton ya nuna mana wannan.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

Lokacin ciyarwa ya ci gaba a cikin watanni biyu na farko na bazara. Namiji shine ke tantance wurin zama nan gaba, kuma dole ne a boye shi sosai a idanun mutane da dukkan masu rashin kunya da makiya.

Hoto sune ruwan mujiya

Yawancin lokaci tsuntsaye suna shirya mazaunin su a tsayi mai girmamawa daga ƙasa. Don ɗayan abin kama, macen ta kawo daga ƙwai huɗu zuwa bakwai, daga cikin kajin na farko sun bayyana a cikin wata guda. Bayan wata daya da rabi, zuriyar tayi ƙarfi kuma tana barin gida don rayuwa mai zaman kanta.

Kimanin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na duk zuriyar yara sun mutu a farkon shekarar rayuwa, sauran sun tsira zuwa kusan goma sha ɗaya. Akwai lokuta idan, a zaman fursuna, mujiya ta wulakanci ta kai shekaru mai daraja na dubun dubun shekaru.

Habitat

Barn Owl shine ƙananan hukumomi 35 waɗanda aka rarraba a duk faɗin nahiyoyi, ban da Antarctica kawai, ana samun su a tsibiran. A baya, ana iya samo shi a cikin Kasashen Baltic da sauran ƙasashe na CIS: yanzu yana zaune a cikin adadi kaɗan a can. A kan iyakar Rasha an samo shi ne kawai a yankin Kaliningrad. A cikin ɓangaren Turai, ba ya cikin yankin arewacin da tsarin tsaunin.

A bangare guda, mujiya ta wucin gadi an daidaita da ita ga yanayin ƙasa daban-daban, tunda tana yaduwa kusan ko'ina, kuma a ɗaya ɓangaren, ba ta da ikon tara isasshen kitse a cikin kanta, saboda haka ba ta yarda da yanayin yanayi mai wahala. A cikin yankuna na arewacin Amurka da kuma yawancin Kanada, a Arewacin Turai kuma kusan a ko'ina cikin Rasha, ba haka bane. Tsuntsaye kuma ba zai iya rayuwa a cikin kwararar kwararowar Afirka da Asiya ba.

Akwai wasu lokuta lokacin da mutum ya zauna bisa wucin gadi wucin gadi a cikin waɗancan wuraren da bai taɓa kasancewa ba. Don haka ta bayyana a tsibiran Seychelles da Hawaiian, a New Zealand. Bayan an zauna da mujiya a cikin Seychelles, an sami raguwar yawan kuɗin ƙasar, wadda take ciyar da shi.

Abubuwan da aka fi so don zama

Barn Owl kusan koyaushe yana zaune kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam. Nests duka a cikin manyan biranen da kuma a yankunan karkara. An fi so a zauna a cikin kayan ɗaki, a cikin rami da ganuwar bango. Ya fi son rufin gidaje da gine-ginen da aka bari. Mafi sau da yawa, ana samun barn Owl a cikin filayen budewa, inda ƙananan bishiyoyi suke ba. Wadannan na iya zama wurare kamar gishiyoyin daji, fadama, ciyawa mai yawa, tsuntsaye kuma suna rayuwa tare da wuraren da ba kowa, tafkuna, kwari, da manyan tituna.

Sau da yawa ana iya samun inda gonakin noma da gidaje na mutane suke. Maciji mai ƙawanya yana ƙoƙarin kauce wa m gandun daji da tuddai. Don wannan tsuntsu, halaye masu zuwa don rarraba wajibi ne: wadatar abinci, rashin lokacin sanyi da gasa mai rauni tare da sauran masu farautar. Ainihin, basu canza mazauninsu ba, keɓaɓɓe wasu yanayi ne yayin da wadataccen abinci cikin mazauninsu ya cika.

Me yake ci?

Abincin da ta fi so shine ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, kuma tana iya jurewa da pasyuk (babban bera mai launin toka). Tana iya kama bera 15 a kowace dare. Lessarancin abinci galibi ku ci ƙananan tsuntsaye, musamman, mahara, da manyan kwari da kwari. Berayen, berayen filaye, masassara, shukura, kadara za'a iya amfani dasu azaman abinci. Hakanan zasu iya kama jemagu, frogs, dabbobi masu rarrafe da sauran abubuwa. Mujiya ta kama hadaya ta kan turɓayar, tana murƙushe shi da firam, ya kai ta inda za ta iya ci a hankali.

Theididdigar wuri na wurin jin ƙarar yana ba tsuntsu damar kama duk sautin da wanda abin ya shafa ta yi, wanda ke taimaka mata da yawa yayin farauta. Kunnuwanta suna da tsari mai ma'ana: ɗayansu yana a matakin matakin ƙyallen hanci, ɗayan kuma yana a goshi.

Muryar Harkokin Barn Owl

Ta furta da murya a hankali. Harshen kuliyoyi suna fuka fikafikan su kuma suna jin da fikarsu. Af, wannan yanayin daga cikinsu na iya zama mai yiwuwa ya firgita mutanen da suka yanke shawarar shakatawa a cikin kurmin shuru kuma sun sadu da ita. Yawancin sautikan da aka yi wannan mujiya an lura da su, amma mafi rinjaye daga cikinsu shine mai tsananin shrill trill, wanda za'a iya jin sa yayin tashin sa. Farin gidan mujiya abisa yai kasa magana.

Af, tsuntsu ya sami sunan Rasha don ragowa, ƙyalƙyali, ƙarar murya mai kama da "heee". Suna buga shi fiye da yadda talakawa yake. Muryarta mai kaɗa kamar kwantaccen tari.

Rayuwar Dare

Ta tashi zuwa farauta da maraice, kuma tana jagorantar rayuwa babu kyau. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, suna zaune shi kaɗai, amma ana iya samunsu a cikin ƙananan rukuni a wuraren da ake tara wasanni. Tun da mujiya na abubu ke jagorantar rayuwa mai amfani da daddare, a lokacin da suke bacci. Don mafarki suna zaɓar wani ɗan kwalliya, na halitta ko na wucin gadi - zai iya zama rami a cikin ƙasa ko kuma ɗaki mai ba da amfani.

Yayin farauta, suna canza yanayinsu - ko dai su tashi, sannan su sake sauka, suna tashi a kusa da kadarorin. Hakanan suna iya tsammanin wanda aka azabtar, ya ɓoye a cikin maharan. An tsara fuka-fukan su ta hanyar da jirginsu ya juya ya zama mai nutsuwa da taushi, kuma bayan haka, suna da kyakkyawan gani da ji. Af, a wasu yankuna barnar beraye suna farauta yayin rana, alal misali, a Biritaniya, amma a wannan lokacin na yau akwai hatsari a gare su a cikin nau'in tsuntsayen da ke farauta, misali, gulls.

Mujiya mai murɗawa tana kashe wanda aka azabtar da shi, sannan sai ya hau kan shi da dogon kafa ya share shi da begen nasa. Yana da ƙuƙwalwa mai motsi sosai, saboda abin da zai iya cin ganima, kusan ba tare da lanƙwasa ba. Lokacin cin abincin, gashin fatar kan fuskokin man fuska yana motsawa, kuma da alama owls suna yin fuskoki.

Halayyar yayin haɗari

A cikin yanayi mai kwanciyar hankali, mujiya mai zama ta zauna tana riƙe da madaidaiciyar jiki, kuma idan tsuntsu ya damu, yana ɗaukar abin tsoro - ya shimfiɗa ƙafafunsa, ya shimfiɗa fikafikansa a cikin jirgin sama kwance kuma ya taɓa ƙasa. Lokacin da ta sadu da wanda ya karya dukiyar yankinta, sai ta karkata fukafukanta, suna matsowa kusa da makiya. Yayi magana da ƙarfi sannan ya danna baki. Idan wannan bai taimaka ba, to, zai kai wa abokan gaba hari, ya fadi a bayan sa ya buga da kafafu.

Barn Owl Chick

Kajin da aka ƙi, ya dogara da iyayensu, wanda ke ciyar da su lokaci guda. Lokacin haihuwa, an rufe su da farin farin Fluff. Yayin da yake da sanyi sosai, mujiya abar bazai barin gida ba kuma tayi dumin kajin, wanda ya zama mai cikakken yanci bayan watanni uku. Kajin na girma sun tashi zuwa sababbin wurare suna neman wata ƙasa don rayuwa da haifuwa. Mujiya mai kwari na iya bayyana a lokaci guda har da kajin guda 10, idan yanayin ya ba da izini, amma a cikin shekara ta yunwar, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba a sa ran ƙwai sama da ƙwai 4.

An lura cewa halayyar kajin su ba alama ce ga tsuntsaye ba: suna nuna altrizim ne, suna ƙin ci a maimakon waɗanda suke jin yunwa fiye da yadda suke. Idan aka kwatanta da yawancin tsuntsayen, wanda 'yan ƙwayayen za su tsatstsaga abincin juna don cin kansu, wannan gaskiyar tana haifar da babbar sha'awa ga irin wannan tsuntsu kamar bera. Hoton kajin nata yana nuna yadda suke kallon lokacin da aka haife su.

Iyaye suna kulawa har ma bayan da kawunansu suka tashi daga gida: suna ci gaba da kulawa da su kuma suna ciyar da su har sai sun sami cikakkiyar 'yanci, watau sun kai shekaru uku.

Halayyar mutane

Babbar mujiya a cikin mutane koyaushe alama ce ta hikima, amma a lokaci guda sun bi wannan tsuntsu da tsoro mai ban tsoro. Camfi yanzu wani abu ne da ya gabata, kuma mutane suna ci gaba da nuna ƙauna ta gaskiya game da ita. Harshen al'ajiji suna nuna tsoro ga mutane saboda wasu halayensu: farar fuska mai kama da abin rufe fuska, saututtukan firgita, kuma saboda al'adar wannan tsuntsu tayi birgima a hankali kuma tana gabatar da kanta a gaban mutum, wanda mutane suka kirata da fatalwar mujiya.

Barn Owl yafi ciyar da jijiyoyi, don haka amfanar da mutane. Mutane sun daɗe suna godiya da taimakon waɗannan kuliyoyin a cikin lalata kwari.Don haka, a cikin karni na 17, al'adar ta yi matukar yaduwa yayin da aka sanya windows ta musamman a gidaje, barns, injinan kayan wuta da sauran gine-ginen ta hanyar mujiyoyin ruwan kwari zasu iya shiga ciki kuma su lalata jijiyoyi. Ta wannan hanyar, tsuntsayen sun cika, kuma an kawo fa'idodin mutane.

Idan sun lura da mutanen da ke kusa, sun fara nuna hali a cikin ban sha'awa: suna tashi sama, suna hawa ƙafafunsu a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban kuma a lokaci guda suna nuna launuka iri-iri. Idan ka matso kusa da ita, to, a matsayin mai mulkin, ta gudu.

Nawa albarku nawa suke rayuwa?

A cikin vivo, owls na bera na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 18, amma wannan shine matsakaicin ƙimar. A zahiri, ya bayyana cewa suna rayuwa galibi kalilan - matsakaicin rayuwar su shine kimanin shekaru 2. An sami kararraki da aka samu yayin da mujiya ta sami damar rayuwa a cikin yanayi har zuwa shekaru 17, a Arewacin Amurka, wani tsuntsu da ke cikin bauta ya mutu yana da shekara 11.5, amma a Ingila wani rikodin ya karye - tsuntsu ya zauna cikin bauta shekara 22.

Munyi magana game da irin wannan tsuntsu mai ban sha'awa kamar mujiya ta sito, game da al'adunta da kuma yadda take da amfani ga mutane. Abin takaici, saboda canje-canje a cikin yanayi da kuma amfani da magungunan kashe qwari a wasu sassan Turai, adadin abar Owl yana raguwa. Lamarin mutuwar tsuntsu daga haduwa da manyan motoci akan manyan hanyoyin suma ba baƙon abu bane. A halin yanzu, barn Owl tsuntsu ne, wanda aka jera a cikin Red Litattafai na ƙasashe da yawa a Gabashin Turai, inda saboda dalilai da ba a san su ba, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata an sami raguwar saurin a lambarta.

Menene mujiya mai kama da mujiya?

Bayyanar mujiya ta mujiya takamaiman takamaiman. Fuskar tana da kamannin-zuciya mai kama da abin rufe fuska. Ana iya bambanta wannan tsuntsu daidai saboda wannan fasalin fasalin sikelin diski. Barn Owl karami ne a jiki, tsayin jikinsa zai iya kaiwa a kalla sentimita 35, kuma nauyinsa ya kai kimanin gram 250. Launin gashin fuka-fukan belan a gaban jikinsa yafi haske launin ruwan kasa da fararen kaya da duhu da kuma dige. Lowerasan jikin kwandon marmarin beige a launi, amma yana iya bambanta dangane da mazauninsu. Kunnuwa 'yan feather ba ya nan a cikin wadannan owls, kuma kayan aikin kunne suna nan asymmetrically. Idanun mujiya mai kalan gaske suna bayyana baki ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu.

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A cikin wannan nau'in tsuntsaye, bambancin jinsi ke da rauni sosai. Mace na iya zama dan duhu fiye da na maza, amma wannan ba koyaushe bane zai kasance mai fahimta.

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Habitat

Barn Owl yana da tallafi har guda 35, saboda haka mazaunin sa ya bambanta. Barn Owls na iya rayuwa kowane yanayi ban da sanyi da ciyayi. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa wannan nau'in ba ya tara ajiyar kitse a cikin kansa. A saboda wannan, baƙar fata talakawa ake samu a Rasha, arewacin Turai, Kanada da kuma yankunan sanyi na Amurka. Bugu da kari, tsuntsu bai yarda da yanayin yanayi mai zafi a Afirka da Asiya ba.

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Yawan jama'a na abbuwa masu amfani da yawa sun zama ruwan dare a Kudancin Turai, Australiya, Ingila da Kudancin Amurka.

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Kamar yadda wurare don rayuwa, mujiya abba na zaɓar sarari tare da ƙaramin bishiyoyi, yankuna kusa da tafkunan, wuraren da babu kowa a ciki da kwari.

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Asalin gani da kwatancin

Wani likitan Tyrolean da masanin dabi'ar halittar D. Scopoli ne suka fara bayyana karar Owl a shekara ta 1769. Ya ba wa tsuntsu sunan Strix alba. Kamar yadda aka bayyana yawancin nau'in owls, an yi amfani da sunan Strix na musamman don mujiyoyin macizai na 'yan dangi - Strigidae, kuma mujiya tsuntsu da aka sani da suna Tyto alba. Sunan a zahiri yana nufin "farin mujiya", wanda aka fassara daga tsohuwar Hellenanci. An san tsuntsu da sunaye da yawa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da kamannin sa, sautinsa, mazaunin sa ko tashin sa da iska mai tashi.

Bidiyo: Barn Owl

An samo asali daga DNA daga Amurka Grey Barn Owl (T. furcata) da Curacao Barn Owl (T. bargei) an gano su a matsayin jinsin daban. An kuma ba da shawarar T. a. An bayyana ma'anar ta delicatula a matsayin wata halitta dabam, wacce aka sani da owk gabashin abn. Koyaya, Kwamitin Ornithological na Duniya yana shakku da wannan kuma ya bayyana cewa rabuwa da Tyto delicatula daga T. alba "na iya buƙatar sake bita."

Wasu ƙananan ra'ayoyin na tsibirin daga masana kimiyya wasu lokuta ana ɗaukarsu azaman nau'ikan daban, amma yakamata a tabbatar da wannan ta hanyar ƙarin binciken. Binciken DNA na mitochondrial yana nuna rabuwa cikin jinsuna biyu, alba na Old World da furcata na Sabuwar Duniya, amma wannan binciken bai haɗa da T. a ba. delicatula, wanda kuma aka bayyana shi azaman nau'in halittar daban. An samo yawancin adadin kwayoyin halitta tsakanin shahararrun T. na Indonesian da sauran mambobi na umarnin alba.

Barn Owls sun fi sauran nau'in mujiya. An gabatar da wasu hanyoyin da yawa a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, amma wasu ana ɗaukar su a matsayin haɗin kai tsakanin yawancin al'ummomi. Siffofin tsibiri galibi ƙaramin abu ne, sabanin ƙasa, kuma a siffofin gandun daji, raunin ya fi duhu, fuka-fukan sun fi ƙasa da waɗanda ake samu a wuraren kiwo.

Matsayi na kiyayewa ta dabbobi

Barn Owl ba nau'in barazanar ba ne, amma raguwar wuraren da ake amfani da shi a wuraren zaman jama'a babban haɗari ne a gare shi. A gabashin Turai, a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, saboda dalilan da ba a bayyana su ba, an sami raguwar bala'i a cikin adadin owls barn. Kirjin ya kusan bacewa daga kasashen Baltic da Belarus; ya zama da wuya a cikin Ukraine da Moldova. Yanzu talakawa sittin Owl an jera su a cikin Littafin Litattafai na Kasashe da yawa a Gabashin Turai.

Duba kuma mutum

Barn Owls galibi suna manne da mazaunin mutum, suna zaune a shinge, a gine-ginen gona, kango, majami'u, da kuma wuraren shakatawa. Ba abin mamaki ba, bayan duk, ana fassara "owl owl" a matsayin "barn owl". A cikin biranen da koyaushe beraye da beraye masu yawa, barn Owls koyaushe suna da sauƙin samun abinci. Bayan haka kuma, kumbunan birni “birane” da hasken lantana ya koya don farauto kwari da jemagu.

Kamar sauran nau'ikan owls, owls na wulakanci koyaushe ana bi da su da tsoro mara nauyi, musamman tunda galibi ana ganin su a kusa da gidajensu. Kuma kamar sauran owls, owls owls alama ce ta hikima. Yanzu camfe-camfe game da mujiyoyi, sa'a, abubuwa ne da suka gabata, mutane suna yiwa waɗannan tsuntsaye tausayi. Kuma rawar sittin Owls wajen yakar rodents na birni a bayyane yake kuma ba'a san shi ba.

Rarraba da wuraren zama

Barn Owl shine ɗayan tsuntsayen da suka fi yawan yanada duniya. An samo shi a duk nahiyoyi, banda Antarctica, da kuma tsibirin da yawa, gami da waɗanda ke nesa. Koyaya, itacen mujiya ba ta yarda da yanayin sanyi na Arewa ba, don haka ba ta faruwa a cikin arewacin yankunan Kanada da Arewacin Turai. An sami nasarar gabatar da Ow Owl cikin gida (matsuguni) a tsibirin da yawa: Hawaiian, Seychelles, da New Zealand. Ko yaya dai, gabatarwar mujiyoyi na wucin gadi zuwa ga Seychelles a cikin 1949 ya nuna yadda rarrabuwar daidaitaccen yanayi yake da kuma sauƙin tayar da hankali. Gaskiyar ita ce mujiya abar a cikin Seychelles ta fara farauta ba berayen kawai ba, har ma don karimcin Seychelles mai daraja, wanda adadin ya fara raguwa sosai.

A kan iyakar yankin da ya fi girma, an rarrabe ƙananan 30 na kayan barn Owls.

A cikin ƙasarmu, ana samun barn Owl kawai a yankin Kaliningrad.

Barn Owl yana rayuwa cikin halittu iri-iri, ya guji dazuzzuka masu yawa. Wannan shi ne ɗayan birdyan nau'in tsuntsayen da suka amfana da ayyukan tattalin arziƙin ɗan adam a cikin ɓarkewar haɓaka da haɓaka aikin gona, saboda wannan ya haɓaka samar da abinci kuma ya yuwu yadu sosai. Barn Owl ya yarda ya shirya kusa da gidan mutum.

Bayanin da fasali

Ba daidaituwa ba ne cewa tsuntsu yana fahariya da sunan da ba a sani ba. Duk waɗannan abubuwa ne game da ƙayyadaddun muryarta, kamar ayaba ko daskararru. An bambanta mujiya ta sitiya daga wasu nau'in owls ta hanyar bayyanar da wani mummunan yanayi wanda yake da kamannin zuciya. Ji take kamar sun saka mata abin rufe fuska. Idan hoto barn owl a cikin hoto, sannan zaka iya gane shi daidai kan wannan asasin.

Tsuntsaye na wannan nau'in ba su da girma, suna da fuska ta musamman da launi mai haske. Tsawon saurayin yana tsakanin 33-39 cm, nauyin jikin yana da kusan 300-355 g, fuka-fukin ya kai 90 cm. Banbancin jikin yana rarrabe ta launin yashi mai launi, wanda a bayyane yake fari da duhu ake gani. Halfasan da ke ƙasa haske ne, kuma filayen duhu mai duhu ne.

Bangaren gaba yana kwance, haske tare da kan iyaka. Fuka-fukafukan fararen fata ne, suna da ainihin yanayin zina-jet tint. Ana iya gane ɗakin Barn Owl ta manyan idanunsa masu bayyana, siriri mai laushi, dogayen kafafu tare da gashin fuka-fukan da ƙanana da yatsun. Wutsiya ba ta da tsawo, gewar fari fari-fari.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Launi rabin rabin jikin tsuntsun ya dogara da inda yake zaune. Misali, Arewacin Afirka, Yammaci da Kudancin Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya suna da wakilai na jinsin da wannan bangare na jikinsa yayi fari. A sauran kasashen turai, irin wannan mujiyoyi suna da ruwan rabin-mai-ruwan-fata a jiki.

Mata da maza suna da alaƙa da juna. Idan ka duba sosai, zaka iya nuna cewa mace tana da launi mai duhu sosai, amma wannan ba mai jan hankali bane. An dauki Barn Owl wata tsuntsu ce mai zaman kanta. Idan, lokacin da ta tashi a cikin yankin, za ta lura da dangi, to, nan da nan ta kai masa hari.

Dare da rana yakan ɓoye cikin amintaccen tsari, da daddare sai tsuntsun ya tafi farauta. Yana tashi a hankali, saboda haka ana kiransa "fatalwa mujiya" a tsakanin mutane. Ana taimaka mata sosai da ƙarfin gani da ji. Yanke hanya hanya ce ta rayuwa wacce tafi dacewa da ita, amma wani lokacin tana iya komawa wani sabon wuri saboda rashin abinci.

Gidan mujiya na ɗanyun ya ƙunshi nau'ikan 11 da aka sanya wa 2 na asali. Akwai da yawa daga cikin mafi mashahuri:

1. Babbar mujiya Ana samo shi a Amurka, Asiya (sai Siberiya, Tsakiya da Tsakiya), Afirka, Madagascar, da wasu ƙasashen Turai da yawa. Birdan ƙaramin tsuntsu (tsawon 33-39 cm) a cikin bukkoki, galibi a cikin gine-gine. Ciyarwa a kan shinge, ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyi,

2. Madagaskar Red Barn Owl Za a iya samu a cikin gandun daji na Northeast Madagascar. Ya bambanta da ƙananan girma (jikin yana da tsawon kusan 27.5 cm) kuma mazaunin ɗan adam ne. Wannan nau'in za a iya gane shi ta hanyar kukan jinsin, wanda aka bayyana da babbar murya (kimanin 1.5 seconds), wanda ya ƙare da sauti mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Don farauta, sai ya zaɓi gefunan daji, filayen shinkafa,

3. Face Mask yana zaune a Kudancin New Guinea da kuma wuraren bude wuraren Australia. Don sasantawa, ya zabi gandun daji da wurin zama mai buɗewa tare da treesan itace. Don nesting ya fi son burrows da kayan kwalliyar halitta. Girman balagaggu na iya bambanta tsakanin cm 38-57. An nuna tsuntsayen da ke daure da yanki ɗaya daga matsuguni kawai da dare, suna neman abinci - ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsayen gona.

4. Ganyen ganye na ganye - Mazaunin filayen da ke da ciyawa masu tsayi a arewaci da gabashin gabashin India, shimfidar wuraren Himalayas, kudanci da gabashin China, Taiwan. Tsuntsaye na wannan nau'in tsibirin kudu maso gabashin Asiya, rukuni na tsibiran Philippine,

5. Bakar fata baƙar fata - Wani nau'in da aka samo a Ostiraliya. Birdan karamin tsuntsu (tsayinsa game da 37-51 cm) mazaunin galibi ne wurare masu buɗe wurare masu zafi. A lover of eulipt lokacin farin ciki tare da babban zafi, ta yafi za i old old tare da high Trunks. Don farauta, tsuntsu na iya zuwa busasshen daji, amma yana jira da hasken rana a cikin mayukan lokacin zafi. Nests kuma a cikin tropics. Ba shi da bambanci musamman a cikin abincin da yake zaɓa: yana iya cin abinci ba wai kawai dabbobi da tsuntsaye ba, har ma ba ya ƙin ƙwaya, ƙananan dabbobi masu rarrafe.

6. Blackan ƙaramar baƙar fata - wani nau'in dabam ne wanda ya zauna a cikin mashigar tekun Australiya. Sunan yayi magana don kansa - girman girma bai wuce cm 38 ba. Nesting yana faruwa a cikin rami, kuma an zaɓi fifiko ga manyan ramuka.

Wani lokacin yakan zauna cikin ɓacin rai a tsakanin tushen tsarin bishiyoyi da kuma tushen asalin halitta. A lokacin farauta, wakilan ma'auratan biyu suna gaba da juna, amma daga lokacin suna zaune shi kaɗai kuma suna wurare daban-daban a lokacin. Bayan sanya ƙwai a cikin mace, yakan ɗauki akalla kwanaki 42 don ƙyanƙyashe. Namijin a lokacin yana yin abinci yana kawo mata abinci fiye da sau ɗaya a dare.

Muhimmancin mujiya abisa shine cewa tsuntsayen wannan nau'in yayin farauta suna iya tashi da sauri cikin yashi mai tsananin zafi ko da dare. Ba matsala bane a gare su su tsayar da matsayin wanda abin ya shafa, sannan kuma a kai mata hari ba zato ba tsammani. Baya ga kananan dabbobi, mashayi, kwaro, suma zasu iya jin daɗin wasu ƙananan dabbobi. Zasu iya kai farmaki masu shayarwa masu shayarwa, da tsuntsayen.

7. Grey abar mujiya - Mazaunin yankuna na kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Ya samu sunan ta saboda halayyar launin toka mai kyau. Inaramin girma a ciki, kawai 23-33 cm. Tsuntsu ya zauna ba wai kawai gandun daji ba, har ma yana faɗaɗa sarari.

A cikin mahimmancin wuraren nishaɗar yanar gizo, ya fi son zurfin bishiyu. Yana cin ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye, abubuwa masu rarrafe, kuma baya ƙin raunin kwari. Abubuwan owls na daidai suke da mujiyoyi na gaske, amma suna da wasu halaye daban.

Bayyananniya da ilimin halittar jiki

Barn Owl sanƙara ce mai santsi da ƙafafu mai tsayi. Wannan ita ce nau'in muryar ƙaƙa wanda ke da ɗanɗano "mai daɗewa" wanda ya bambanta da sauran owls. Tsayin jikin mutum shine 33-39 cm, firam 80-95 cm, matsakaita nauyi 300-400 g. Tasirin yana da taushi, mai laushi. Jiki na sama yawanci yana tare da jujjuyawar launin toka da ƙananan raunin duhu da ɗigo. Kasa da wuya duhu saƙar magana. Disc na gaba yana fari da furucin zuciya, wanda kuma nan da nan ya bambanta owl barn daga wasu owls.

Maza da mata kusan ba sa bambanta da launi tsakanin juna.

Vocalization

Sautin muryar barn - muhimmiyar ƙawa "heee" - tayi azaman bayyanar sunan Rasha ga tsuntsu. Gabaɗaya, mafi yawan "ciyawa" macizai na ƙawa a lokacin lokacin haihuwa. A wannan lokacin, sukan yi kuwwa ko kuka da ƙarfi suna jin daɗi. A waje da lokacin kiwo, sito Owls yawanci shiru. Baya ga sautikan murya, wani lokacin sukan murgura baki ko su kunna fikafikansu ba tare da bata lokaci ba.

Rayuwa da tsarin zamantakewa

Barn Owls suna jagorancin salon rayuwa ɗaya, amma a wuraren da ke da arziki, za su iya zama a ƙaramin rukuni. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin owls "dare" mafi kyau. Abun aljihu suna bacci da rana, kuma da dare suna zaɓar alkuki na asali ko na wucin gadi: rami, rami ko tsohuwar ɗaki a cikin gidan. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, suna zaune sun zauna, amma idan ba su sami ganima ba (“ba shekarun motsi ba”) suna iya ƙaura zuwa wani sabon wuri.

Haɗu da mai cin zarafin dukiyoyin ƙasarsu, mujiya ta shimfiɗa fikafikanta kuma tana girgiza su, tana kusanci abokan gaba. A wannan lokacin, mujiya ta yi amo da ƙarfi kuma yana danna beak. Thearfin barazanar, kamar na sauran mujiyoyi, baya cikin haɓakar murji. Madadin haka, sai ta shimfida fikafikanta a cikin jirgin sama a kwance kuma ta kwanta, ta manne a ƙasa da matsewar da aka matse sosai. Idan irin wannan zanga-zangar ba ta taimaka ba, sito Owl na iya kai hari ga abokin gaba, ya fadi a bayansa ya buga da kafafu.

Lokacin da mutum ya kusanci, kuliyoyin muji sukan tashi sama a kan kafafunsu na tsayi kuma suna tausawa a hankali, yayin da suke jujjuya fuka-fukan fuska, suna “fuskoki”, sannan kuma su tashi
Idanun owls na haɓakar gararamba suna haɓaka sosai, ana iya ganin su duka cikin duhu da haske.

Ji, kamar sauran owls, kuma ana haɓaka shi da kyau. Kunnuwa na kunne asymmetrically a bangarorin kai, hagu yana da girma, dama yana ƙasa. Wannan tsarin na ji na taimaka wa tsuntsayen su ji sautikan da masu yuwuwar suka ji daga bangarori daban-daban. Gashin kannun furanni masu gajeren zango da suke kwance a gaban diski sune kyawawan alamun sauti. Abubuwan haɓaka na Barn suna da matukar saurin kamuwa da dukkan siginar sauti, kuma idan akwai sautin mai ƙarfi sai suka rufe ramuran kunnuwa tare da matsosai na kaloli.

Sake haifuwa da halayyar iyaye

Tun da mujiyoyi na abuba suna rayuwa a yanayi daban-daban, lokacin haihuwar su yakan faru ne a lokuta daban-daban. A cikin tsaunin zafi, yanayin kiwo ba ya yawaita; a cikin tsauraran yanayi, mujiya na fara kiwo a watan Maris - Afrilu.

Abubuwan al'aura na gari suna da aladar aure, amma wasu lokuta ana lura da al'adar auren mata fiye da daya (namiji daya da mace daya). Suna zaune a wuri daban-daban, a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi - a cikin rami, da mayuka, majin sauran tsuntsayen, sitar Owls ba sa gina nasu gida. A cikin yanayin shimfidar wuri na mutum, suna da kwalliya a cikin kayan ado, a cikin belfries, a sito. Gidaje suna zaune a tsaunuka daban-daban, amma yawanci basu wuce 20 m sama da ƙasa.

Tun daga farkon lokacin kiwo, namiji yakan tashi a kusa da bishiyar da ya zaɓa don mazaunin, yana yin saƙo mai kauri, mai jan hankali don jan hankalin mace. Sa’annan ya fara bibiyar mace, kuma yayin tseratar, duka tsuntsayen suna kuka da karfi tare. Bayan dabbar ta balaga, macen ta saka sau 4 (a cikin “shekarun motsi” har zuwa 16) sai kananan qwai (sauran owls suna da qwai zagaye), fari ko kirim. Qwai ne aka sanya su a tsaka-tsakin na kwana 1 ko 2. Lokacin shiryawa yana kasancewa kwanaki 29-34, kawai matan ne ke yin incubates, kuma namiji yana ciyar da ita duk wannan lokacin. Coveredwararrun kajin an rufe su da farin farin Fure da ƙoshin lafiya. Iyaye suna kawo musu abinci. Bayan kwanaki 35-45, kajin sun bar gida, kuma a shekaru 50-55 suka fara tashi. Sun sami 'yanci gabaɗaya a ƙarshen watanni, sannan kuma tashi baya. A cikin satin da ya gabata na rayuwarsu tare da iyayensu, matasa suna farauta tare da su, suna ɗaukar kwarewar farauta na dattawa. Abubuwan haɓakar haɓaka suna haɓaka ta hanyar babbar hanyar watsa matasa - cikin daruruwan har ma dubun kilomita.

A cikin "Motsi na shekaru", sito Owls, ko da a cikin yanayin sararin samaniya, na iya samun nasarar cudewa 2 a kowace kakar.

Matasa na iya fara fara haihuwa tun yana da watanni 10.

Tsawon rayuwa

Dangane da kida, barn Owls na iya rayuwa cikin yanayi har zuwa shekaru 18, amma matsakaicin rayuwar su ya yi kadan - kimanin shekaru 2. Koyaya, akwai kuma sakamako "zakara": a Arewacin Amurka ɗan owuren ya zauna a fursuna na shekaru 11 6 watanni, a Holland ɗan uwan ​​wucin gwal ya rayu a yanayi a ƙarƙashin shekara 17 kuma mai riƙe da rikodin ƙawancen barn ne daga Ingila, wanda ya yi zaman bauta a shekaru 22.

A cikin gidan mu, mujiyoyin marmari na birrai suna zama a cikin Filin Dare na Dare, wanda ba shakka, zai iya dacewa da wannan nau'in. Yanzu akwai tsuntsaye 5. A fallasa a koyaushe zaka ga ma'aurata 1, sauran “hutawa” a cikin ɗakin da ba a bayyana ba, sau ɗaya a shekara suna canza tsuntsaye. Yawancin ƙwayoyin sito na fure an samo su ne daga yanayin. Guda biyu na sittin Owls a kai a kai iri-iri, suna da brood guda 4. Sukan saka kama kuma suna ciyar da kawunansu da kansu.

Abincin abar marmari a cikin gidan dabbobi ya ƙunshi mice 6 kowace rana.

Bayyanar fasali da fasali

Hoto: Menene ɗan sitaci yalwa?

Barn Owl wani tsuntsu ne mai matsakaici, walƙiya mai haske tare da fikafikan giwaye, da kuma wutsiyar gajarta. Peungiyoyin suna da bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin tsayin jiki tare da cikakken kewayon daga 29 zuwa 44 cm a ko'ina cikin jinsunan. Girman fuka-fukan ya kai daga cm 68 zuwa 105. Jikin jikin mutum shima ya bambanta a cikin kewayon daga 224 zuwa 710 g.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A matsayinka na mai mulkin, kuliyoyin tsuntsayen da ke zaune a kan tsibiran tsibirai su ƙanana da wuta, mai yiwuwa ne saboda sun fi dogaro da abin da ake kira kwari kuma ya kamata su zama da ƙarfi. Koyaya, mafi girma nau'in tsuntsayen furanni daga Cuba da Jamaica shine wakilin tsibiri.

Halin wutsiya wata dama ce don bambance mujiya abar daga mujiya ta haƙiƙa a cikin iska. Sauran sifofi dabam sune fasalin-jirgin sama mai kama da tashi da kafafun tsuntsaye masu fuka-fukai. Fuskar zuciya mai kamannin fuska da idanuwa mara duhu suna ba tsuntsu mai tashi tsinkaye, wani abu mai rufe fuska mai cike da faifan inuwa mai idanu. Shugaban yana da girma da kuma zagaye, ba tare da bunsunan kunne ba.

Ababen ciyayi suna da fikafikai zagaye da gajeren wutsiya, an rufe shi da fuka-fukai masu launin fari ko haske. A baya da shugaban tsuntsu sune launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi tare da madadin launuka masu duhu da fari. Maƙasudan fari fari ne. Fitowar wadannan owls baƙon abu bane. Masanan gargajiyar suna da nau'ikan 16, kuma nau'in Tyto alba tana da rassa 35, waɗanda ke banbanta su da tushen bambance-bambancen girma da launi. A matsakaici, a cikin yawan jama'a, maza suna da ƙarancin tabo daga ƙasa, kuma sun fi maza ƙarfi. Kajin an rufe su da farin farin ruwa, amma yanayin halayyar halayyar za ta zama bayyane bayan ƙyanƙyashe.

A ina ne mujiya abar zama?

Hoto: Owl Barn Owl

Barn Owls sune mafi yawan tsuntsayen ƙasar da suka sauka akan duk nahiyoyi banda Antarctica. Yankakinta ya haɗa da duka Turai (banda Fennoscandia da Malta), daga kudancin Spain zuwa kudancin Sweden da kuma gabashin Rasha. Bugu da kari, kewayon ya shafi mafi yawan Afirka, yankin na Indiya, wasu tsibiran na Pacific, wanda aka gabatar dasu don yakar jijiyoyi, har da Amurka, Asiya, Australia. Tsuntsaye suna jagorantar yanayin rayuwa kuma mutane da yawa, bayan sun zauna a wani wuri, su ci gaba da zama a wurin, har lokacin da aka bar wuraren ciyarwa na kusa.

Barn Owl (T. alba) - yana da fadi da yawa. Yana zaune a Turai, har ma a Afirka, Asiya, New Guinea, Australia da Amurka, ban da arewacin yankunan Alaska da Kanada.

• ash-face barn owl (T. glaucops) - mai matukar kyau ga Haiti,
• Barn Owl (T. capensis) - yana a Tsakiyar da Afirka ta Kudu,
• Madagascar yana cikin Madagascar,
• kewayon launin ruwan kasa-baki (T. nigrobrunnea) da Ostiraliya (T. novaehollandiae) ya mamaye New Guinea da wani ɓangare na Australia,
• T. multipunctata - matsananciyar Australia,
• Gwanin Marakin Zinare (T. aurantia) - game da. New Britain
• T. manusi - game da. Manus
• T. nigrobrunnea - game da. Sula
• T. sororcula - game da. Tanimbar
• Sulawesi (T. rosenbergii) da Minahasa (T. inexpectata) suna zaune a Sulawesi.

Barn Owls sun mamaye wurare da yawa daga karkara zuwa birane. Yawancin lokaci ana samun su a ƙananan tsaunuka a cikin wuraren bude ƙasa kamar ciyayi, jeji, fadama da filayen noma. Suna buƙatar wuraren girke-girke kamar su bishiyoyi masu ban tsoro, rami a cikin kankara da koguna, kogon dutse, tsibirin coci, sito, da sauransu. Kasancewar wuraren girke-girken wuraren da suka dace suna iyakance amfanin wuraren zama don ciyarwa.

Me baƙar fata ke ci?

Hoto: Barn Owl a cikin Filin jirgin sama

Waɗannan atorsarran biri ne waɗanda ba za su fi son dabbobi masu shayarwa ba. Barn Owls sun fara farauta ita kadai bayan faduwar rana. Don gano wata manufa mai motsi, sun sami hangen nesa mai mahimmanci a cikin karamin haske. Koyaya, lokacin farauta a cikin cikakken duhu, mujiya ta dogara da kunnen da ya dace don kama ganima. Barn Owls sune mafi kyawun tsuntsayen lokacin da ake neman ganima ta hanyar sauti. Wani fasalin da ke taimakawa nasarar farauta shine gashin fuka-fukan su, wanda ke taimakawa kawar da sauti yayin motsawa.

Mujiya tana iya zuwa kusa da abin da ta farauto. Owwararrun owls suna kai hari kan ganima tare da ƙananan jiragen sama (mita 1.5-5.5 sama da ƙasa), suna kama ganima da ƙafafunsu kuma suna bugun bayan kwanyar da gemu. Daga nan sai su sha dukkan aikin. Barn Owls sun tanadi abinci, musamman a lokacin kiwo.

Babban abincin abincin abar Owl ya ƙunshi:

Bar mujiya mai farauta, yana tashi a hankali yana binciken duniya. Tana iya amfani da rassa, shinge ko kuma wasu dandamali na kallo don bincika yankin. Tsuntsu yana da fuka-fukai masu tsawo, masu fadi, wanda ke ba shi damar motsawa kuma ya juya sosai. Kafafunta da yatsunsu suna da tsawo da bakin ciki. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen samun abinci cikin ciyayi mai yawa ko a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara. Bincike ya nuna cewa mujiya ta ɗamara ce ke cin abinci guda ɗaya ko sama ɗaya a kowane dare, wanda ya yi daidai da kusan kashi ashirin da uku cikin ɗari na nauyin jikin tsuntsaye.

Kananan ganima ya tsage ya cinye gaba daya, yayin da ya fi girma girma, sama da 100 g, an watsar dashi kuma za'a watsar da sassan da ba a cika gani ba. A matakin yanki, ana amfani da samfuran daskarewa marasa karfi gwargwadon iko. A tsibiran da ke da wadatar tsuntsaye, abincin abar Owls na iya haɗawa da kashi 15-20% na tsuntsayen.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Barn Owl

Jikin macizai na farka suna farka da daddare, suna dogara da jin magana cikin cikakken duhu. Suna yin aiki jim kaɗan kafin faɗuwar rana, wani lokacin kuma ana lura da su yayin rana lokacin da suke motsawa daga wannan wuri zuwa dare. Wani lokacin zasu iya farauta yayin rana idan daren da ya gabata ya zama rigar kuma yana yin farauta mai wahala.

Barn Owls ba musamman tsuntsayen yanki ba ne, amma suna da takamaiman yanki wanda suke ciyar da su. Ga maza a Scotland wannan radius mai kusan kilomita 1 daga wurin da ake kewayenta. Yawan kewayon mace sun yi daidai da na abokin tarayya. Baya ga lokacin kiwo, maza da mata yawanci suna kwana daban. Kowane mutum yana da kusan wurare uku waɗanda zaka iya ɓoyewa a cikin rana, da kuma inda suke tafiya na ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin dare.

Wadannan wurare sun hada da:

• m itatuwa
• dunkule a cikin duwatsu
• watsi da gine-gine
• bututun hayaki
• amya tare da hay, da sauransu.

Yayin da lokacin kiwo ke gabatowa, tsuntsaye sukan koma wurin da aka zaɓa nan da dare. Barn Owls an kawata wuraren bude wurare, kamar filaye ko wuraren kiwo tare da wasu shimfidar filin dazuzzuka, a tsayi a ƙasa da mita 2000. Wannan mujiya ta fi son farauta tare da gefunan gandun daji ko a cikin wasu sassan ciyawa da ke kusa da makiyayar.

Kamar yawancin mujiyoyi, kuliyoyin bera suna ta yin amo a hankali, ƙaramin hakora a gaban allon gashinsa da kuma gashi mai kama da gashi a gefen ramin yana taimakawa yankewa ta iska, hakan zai rage hargitsi da amo. Halin Bird da kuma abubuwan da ake so na muhalli na iya bambanta dan kadan koda a cikin ƙasashen da ke makwabta

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Barn Owl

Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da tsuntsayen dabbobi masu aure, kodayake akwai rahotannin auren mata fiye da daya. Nau'in suna zama tare muddin dai mutanen biyu suna rayuwa. Tsararanci yana farawa ne da zanga-zangar tashi daga maza, wanda ke karfafa sauti da kyawun mace. Namiji zai kuma daskare a cikin iska a gaban mace na zaune na daƙiƙƙi kaɗan.

Kwafa tana faruwa kowane 'yan mintoci a yayin neman jak. Maza da mata sun durƙusa a gaban juna don samar da daidaituwa. Namiji yakan hau zuwa ga mace, ya kama ta ta hanyar wuya kuma ya daidaita tare da fuka fukafukanka. Za a ci gaba da yin ɗimbin yawa tare da rage yawanta a ko'ina cikin yawan shiryawa da kuma kiwon kaji.

Abubuwan haɗi na Barn suna zama sau ɗaya a shekara. Zasu iya haifan kusan a kowane lokaci na shekara, gwargwadon abinci mai gina jiki. Yawancin mutane sun fara farawa ne tun suna shekara 1. Saboda karancin rayuwa ta mujiya ta mujiya (matsakaita na shekaru 2), yawancin mutane sukanyi haihuwa sau daya ko sau biyu. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, mujiya na yin girma guda ɗaya a shekara guda, kodayake a cikin nau'ikan nau'i biyu akwai karuwa zuwa broods uku a cikin shekara guda.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Matar mujiya mai ɗorewa ta bar gida a lokacin shiryawa kawai na wani ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma a cikin tazara mai yawa. A wannan lokacin, namiji yana ciyar da ƙurar mace. Tana cikin gida har sai kajin sunkai kwanaki 25. Maza suna kawo abinci ga gida da kajin, amma macen ce kawai ke ciyar da cuban ta, da farko ta karya abincin cikin ƙananan gwanayen.

Barn Owls galibi suna amfani da tsohon gurgu wanda ya kasance shekaru da yawa, maimakon gina sabon. Mace yawanci layi a gida tare da ƙasƙasuwa granules. Tana kwance daga ƙwai 2 zuwa 18 (yawanci sau 4 zuwa 7) a ƙwai na kwai ɗaya kowace rana 2-3. Matar na sanya qwai daga kwanaki 29 zuwa 34. Kayan kaji suna kyankyasai kuma suna ciyar da mace bayan ƙyanƙyashe. Sun bar gida 50-70 kwanaki bayan kyankyashe, amma komawa zuwa gida don dare. Sun sami cikakkiyar 'yanci daga iyayensu 3-5 makonni bayan sun fara tashi.

Yanzu kun san yadda berayen owls suke kama. Bari mu ga yadda mujiya ke zaune cikin daji.

Abokan Halitta na Barn Owls

Hoto: Barn Owl

Abubuwan hauka marasa kyau suna da 'yan kaddara. Wani lokacin kaji da macizai sukan kama su. Akwai kuma wasu tabbacin cewa mujiya mai ban sha'awa wacce wani lokacin yakan yi kama da manya. Subsarancin kuɗaɗen ƙasa a yammacin Palearctic yana da ƙanƙan nesa da na Arewacin Amurka. Ugo na zinari, jan kwari, kwalliya, huhun pertrine, falmo, da mujiyoyin gaggafa a wasu lokutan suna farautar waɗannan kukan.

Fuskantar mai kutse, balan kuliyoyi yada fuka-fukan su kuma karkatar da su saboda dorsal dinsu na fuskantar mai kutse. Daga nan sai su kauda kawunansu baya da baya. Wannan barazanar tana tattare da tarkace da kuma takardar kudi, wacce aka baiwa idanuwa. Idan maharin ya ci gaba da kai harin, mujiya ta faɗo a bayansa ya naɗa shi da ƙafafunsa.

Serovs runduna ne na tarin yawa na parasites. Fleas suna nan a wuraren da ake buɗa ido. Hakanan ana fama da su ta hanyar lice da gashin tsuntsu, waɗanda ake watsawa daga tsuntsu zuwa tsuntsu ta hanyar saduwa kai tsaye. Sau da yawa akwai kwari masu zub da jini, kamar su Ornithomyia avicularia, waɗanda suke motsawa a tsakanin matattarar su. Kwayoyin ciki na ciki sun haɗa da Fluke Strigea strigis, tefuttukan Paruternia candelabraria, nau'ikan nau'ikan rigingina parasitic da tsutsotsin tsutsawa daga tsarikan Cent Centhhynchus. Ana samun waɗannan cututtukan dake cikin hanji yayin da tsuntsaye suka ciyar da ganima.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Hoto: Menene ɗan sitaci yalwa?

Wannan nau'in ya sami ingantaccen tsarin rayuwa a cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata a Amurka. An kiyasta cewa yawan jama'ar Turai ya ragu. A yau, an kiyasta yawan mutanen Turai a 111,000-230,000 nau'i-nau'i, wanda ya dace da 222,000-460,000 mutane da suka manyanta. Turai kusan 5% na kewayon duniya, don haka kimantawa ta farko na adadin mutane a duniya shine 4,400,000 - 9,200,000 waɗanda suka manyanta, kodayake ƙarin tabbatar da wannan ƙimar ya zama dole.

A cikin gonaki na zamani, babu isassun kayan gine-gine na ciyayi, kuma filayen gona ba zasu iya samun isassun ƙwayoyin garkuwar da za su ciyar da biyun Owls ba. Haɗin gwiwar jama'ar, duk da haka, yana raguwa a wasu wurare, kuma ba ko'ina cikin kewayonsa ba.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Rarraba na musamman tare da ƙananan tsibiri suma suna cikin haɗari saboda iyakance rarraba.

Babbar mujiya yana amsa canjin yanayi, magungunan kashe qwari da canje-canje a ayyukan gona. Ba kamar sauran tsuntsaye ba, ba su tara kiba mai yawa a jiki a matsayin ajiyar ga mummunan yanayin hunturu. Sakamakon haka, mujiya da yawa na mutuwa a lokacin sanyi ko kuma sun yi rauni sosai wajen haifuwa a lokacin bazara mai zuwa. Magungunan rigakafi sun kuma ba da gudummawa ga raguwar wannan nau'in. Don dalilai da ba a sani ba, owls barn suna shan wahala daga sakamakon magungunan kashe qwari fiye da sauran nau'o'in owls. Wadannan magungunan kashe qwari sune galibi ke da alhakin sanya bakin ciki.