Humpback Whales yana kare wasu dabbobi daga kisa Whales. Dangane da tashar Vesti.Ru, masanan kimiyyar Amurka sun zo ga wannan yanke shawara, an buga binciken da ya dace a cikin Jaridar Marine Mammal Science.
Tun da farko, kwararru sun shaida irin kisa na kifi Whale da kan ta. Sakamakon harin, an kashe jaririn, amma kifaye 14, masu kifaye 14, wadanda suka shirya agogo na tsawon awanni 6 a jikin mutumin da aka kashe, bai basu damar jin dadin magabatan ba.
Gabaɗaya, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, masana kimiyya sun rubuta fiye da ɗari irin waɗannan lokuta. Dalilin da yasa kifayen kifi Whales su tashi tsaye don kare dabbobi daga kifayen kisa ba'a riga an kafa shi ba.
Dangane da fasali daya, kifayen humpback suna taimaka wa halittunsu su tsira tun suna yara - an san cewa kisa Whales galibi yakan kai hari kan kifi whale. A cewar wani, masu kare sune wadancan kaskanci wadanda, tun suna yara, suka sha wahala sakamakon hare-hare daga kifayen kilu.
Bugu da kari, akwai ra'ayi cewa kifayen whales suna jin “farauta masu kira” daga kifayen kifayen suna iyo zuwa wurin da aka kaiwa hari, ba tare da sanin wanene aka yiwa magabatan ba. A karshe, wasu masana sunyi imanin cewa humpbacks dabbobi ne masu kirki wadanda basa son kai don taimakawa wadanda kisa kifayen.
Tersarancin altruism
Kuma wannan ba batun keɓewa bane. Robert Pitzman na Babban Oceanic da kuma Harkokin Yankin na Amurka da abokan aikinsa sun ba da rahoton fiye da 100 irin waɗannan maganganun da kifayen kifi Whale ke kutsawa cikin farautar kifayen khalifanci. Abin mamaki, a mafi yawan lokuta, sun kare wakilan wasu nau'in, kamar su hatimi, wasu kifayen kifi, ko ma kifi.
Tambayar ta taso: me yasa humpback kifayen Whales ke jefa kansu cikin haɗari yayin da suka tsinci kansu tsakanin maharbi kisa da kuma wakilin wata nau'in halittar daban?
Menene halayen altruwa a cikin dabba dabba yake kaiwa zuwa?
Halin dabi'a na dabbobi shine mafi wahalar bayyanawa dangane da juyin halitta. A yanayin ilimin halittar mutum, altriism yana nufin shari'o'in da halayen mutum ɗaya ke ba da fa'idodi ga wani ga lalata na farkon.
Bai kamata ya zama da ban mamaki kamar jefa bam don kare wasu ba. Amma koda mutum yayi wata karamar illa ga kansa, wannan na iya jefa damar saurin rayuwa da haifuwa. Kuma idan mutum bai sake haihuwa ba, to bai wuce kwayoyin halittar da ke sa shi yin halayen alkhairi ba. Abin da ya sa, ceteris paribus, mutum zaiyi tsammanin cewa kwayoyin halittar altruistic ya kamata su ɓace daga sannu sannu a hankali a yawancin al'ummomi.
Zabi mai nasaba
Duk da wannan, ana samun lamuran halin rashin yarda a cikin daji, musamman tsakanin ƙungiyoyin da ke da alaƙa. Misali guda shine meerkat, wanda ke gargadin dangi game da kusancin da maharbi, saboda wadannan sautuka da alama suna haifar da dabbobi masu saurin ji da wahala.
Wannan halayen na iya haɓakawa kuma ya sami daidaito a cikin jama'a saboda wani tsari da ake kira zaɓi na zaɓi. Wannan saboda meerkat yana da kusanci da wasu membobin ƙungiyar, saboda yana da kwayoyin halittu da yawa tare da su. Ko da daga baya ya sadaukar da kansa, wannan yana taimaka wa danginsa su rayu, ta yadda za su ci gaba da zama masu ɗaukar abubuwan da ke haifar da altrizim.
Altruism baki daya
Sauran maganganun na altrizim a cikin yanayi ana iya bayanin su kamar haka: kun kunya da baya, ni kuma naku ne. Misalin wannan shine jemagu da ke raba jini don abinci. Suna yin wannan dangane da cewa daga baya danginsu zasu biya daidai.
Koyaya, don canjin zaɓi na dangi ko altrizim na juna dole ne a sami babban matsayi na haɗin kai tsakanin jama'a.
Misali, kowa yakamata yasan wanene aboki ko dangi da wanda ba. Wataƙila, jemagu ba shi yiwuwa ya bayar da wuyansa ga mutumin da ba dan uwansu na kusa ba ne ko kuma aboki wanda kuma ba zai dawo da aikin nagari ba.
Kare Kallonka
Don haka ba abin mamaki ba ne dalilin da yasa wata dabba ta humpback Whale ta ba da kariya ga ɗan maraƙin daga farmakin maharan. Amma me yasa yake shiga tsakanin kifi Whales da maraƙin wasu halittu?
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, idan mutum yayi hali irin wannan wanda hakan zai rage damar samun damar rayuwa da haifuwa, to ana iya tsammanin cewa kwayoyin halittar da ke bada gudummawar hakan zasu lalace ga tsararraki da yawa kuma daga ƙarshe suka shuɗe daga jama'a. Kuma ko da babban whale na babban humpback yana sanya kansa a hadarin ƙarancin lokacin da yake fuskantar khalifofin kisa, wannan ya fi haɗarin sifili idan an guji shi gabaɗaya.
Pittsman da abokan aikinsa sunyi imani cewa akwai babban haɗin kai tsakanin zamantakewar jama'ar tsakanin kifayen humpback sama da yadda suke zato a baya, sabili da haka zaɓi na haɗin gwaiwa ko kuma altriism na iya taka rawa.
Don kiwo, kifayen kifayen humpback sun koma yanki guda. Wannan yana nuna cewa akwai yuwuwar cewa an haɗa su da makusantansu. Humpback Whales na iya taimakawa danginsu dan kare danginsu daga kisa mai kisa.
Son kai
Koyaya, yana da wuya a bayyana bayyanannen altrizim wanda aka gabatar akan wasu nau'in halittu. Ana tsammanin wannan shine cigaba da yadda kifayen whales suke kare protectan su.
Mai yiyuwa ne kifayen kifi Whales suka koyi yin magana da muryar da ke zuwa ta hanyar kai harin kisa kifayen whales. A sakamakon haka, sun fara korar su, ba tare da la’akari da irin nau'in da suka kaiwa ba.
Idan wannan sha'awar fitar da kifayen kifaye a duk lokacin da suka kawo hari zata taimaka wa kifayen kifayen su kare 'yan uwansu, to kuwa kwayoyin halittun da ke taimakawa wannan zai iya rayuwa a cikin alumma, koda kuwa sauran nau'in sun amfana da hakan.
Irin waɗannan halayen na alkhairai na iya zama ba da gangan ba. Wannan yana nufin cewa a kowane yanayi muna lura da altrizim, amma a ƙarshe wannan shine son kai.