Sau ɗaya, a gefen tekun yankin Marwar na Indiya, wani jirgin ruwa ya fadi akan abin da ke jigilar dawakan larabawa. Dawakai bakwai sun rayu kuma ba da daɗewa ba mutanen gari suka kama su, waɗanda daga baya suka fara biye da su tare da asalin ƙasar Indiya. Don haka, baƙi bakwai daga cikin jirgin ruwa mai nutsewa sun kafa harsashin ginin musamman marvari…
Wannan shi ne yadda tsohuwar al'adar Indiya ta yi sauti, ko da yake daga mahangar kimiyya, tarihin asalin wannan nau'in halitta ta dan bambanta. Kallon hoto marvari, kun fahimci cewa, hakika, jinin larabawa bazai iya yin anan ba.
Masana kimiyya sun ce, a cikin jijiyar wadannan dawakai suna zub da jinin Mongolian da dawakai daga kasashen da ke kan iyaka da Indiya: Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan da Afghanistan.
Fasali da mazaunin doki Marvari
Tarihin marvari ya samo asali ne a tsakiyar zamanai. Zuriya da adana wannan nau'in ya faru ne ta wani rukuni na musamman na Rajputs, musamman dangin Rathor, waɗanda ke zaune a yammacin Indiya.
Sakamakon zaɓaɓɓen zaɓi shine madawwamin doki na sojan ƙasa - mai taurin kai, mara misalai da alheri. Jirgin Marvari na iya yin ba tare da shan ruwa ba na dogon lokaci, yana mai gamsuwa da ciyawar da ke cikin ragowar daji da kuma Rajasthan na sultry, kuma a lokaci guda ya rufe manyan nisa daga yashi.
A bayanin irin shayarwa ya kamata ya fara da mafi mahimmancin haske a kamanninsu - wani nau'i ne na kunnuwa wanda babu wani doki a duniya da yake da shi. Kunnen ciki da kuma taɓa tukwicin, waɗannan kunnuwan sun sa mai zama sananne.
Kuma da gaske Marvari irin wuya a rikice da wani. Dawakai Marvar sanannun gini ne: suna da falala da dogon ƙafa, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙyallen kai ga wuyan jiki. Kan su yana da girma sosai tare da madaidaiciyar bayanin martaba.
Wani fasalin fasalin Marvari shine kunnuwa a ciki
Shahararrun kunnuwa na iya isa tsawon 15 cm kuma su juya 180 °. Matsayinsa a ƙusoshin wannan nau'in ya bambanta dangane da yankin asalin, kuma yana cikin kewayon 1.42-1.73 m.
Kasusuwa na doki an kafa su ta wannan hanyar cewa haɗin gwiwa kafadu yana kasancewa a ƙaramin kusurwa zuwa ƙafafu fiye da sauran nau'ikan. Wannan fasalin yana bawa dabbar damar kada ta makale a cikin yashi kuma kada tayi asara da sauri yayin tafiya akan wannan kasa mai nauyi.
Godiya ga wannan tsari na kafadu, marvan suna da taushi mai laushi wanda kowane mahayi zaiyi godiya dashi. Hanv Marvari ta hanyar yanayi ne mai matukar ƙarfi da ƙarfi, saboda haka ba lallai bane a saka musu takalmi.
Gawararren gwal, wanda a arewa-maso-yamma na Indiya, a cikin Rajasthan, ana kiransa "sake fasalin", ya zama wata alama ta dawakan Marwar. Wannan amble amintacciya ce ga mahayin, musamman a cikin yanayin hamada.
Kyakkyawan ji, har ila yau yana bambanta wannan nau'in, ya bar doki ya sani game da hatsarin da ke gabatowa kuma ya sanar da mahaya da shi. Amma ga kwat da wando, mafi yawan su ne ja da bay marvars. Pinto da dawakai launin toka sune mafi tsada. Indiyawan mutane ne na camfi, a garesu koda launin dabba yana da wata ma'ana.
Don haka, farin doki na marvari yana kawo masifa da mutuwa, kuma mai mallakar farin safa da alamomi a goshi - akasin haka, ana ɗauka da sa'a. Fararen dawakai na musamman ne, ana iya amfani da su ne kacal a cikin ayyukan ibada.
Halin da rayuwar dokin marvari take
A cewar tsoffin alamu na Indiya, mallaka Dokin Marvari kawai mafi kyawun kashin Kshatriev an ba shi izini, talakawa na iya yin mafarki na doki mai kyau kuma suna tunanin kansu suna hawa ne kawai cikin rudu. Marvars na zamanin da ya yi tafiya a ƙarƙashin sirrin shahararrun jarumai da shugabanni.
Gwanin, wanda ya ƙunshi saurin, ƙarfin hali, kyakkyawa da tunani, ya zama babban ɓangare na sojojin Indiya. Akwai ingantaccen tabbaci cewa a yayin yaƙin da Mughals, Indiyawa suka saka marvari dawakai jingina na karya ne, wanda ya sa giwayen daga sojojin abokan gaba suka batar dasu ga giwayen.
Abin mamaki kuma, wannan dabarar tayi aiki ba tare da bata lokaci ba: giwa ya kawo mahaya kusa da har dokinsa ya tsaya akan kan giwayen, da kuma jarumin India, yana amfani da lokacin, ya bugi mahayi da mashi. A wancan lokacin, akwai sama da dubu 50 irin waɗannan giwaye a cikin rundunar Maharaja. Akwai almara da yawa game da amincin da ƙarfin ƙarfin dawakan wannan irin. Marvari ya kasance tare da maigidan da aka raunata a fagen daga har zuwa na ƙarshe, yana korar sojojin sojojin abokan gaba daga gare shi.
Sakamakon halayyar da suke da ita, yanayin dabi'un su da kyakkyawar hangen nesa, dawakan yaki koyaushe suna kan hanyarsu ta zuwa gida, suna dauke da mahaya dawakai, koda kuwa an gurbata kansu. Dawakai Marwar Indiya suna da sauƙin horarwa.
Ba bikin hutu na kasa daya zai iya yi ba tare da dawakai na musamman ba. Suna sanye da kayan gargajiya iri daban-daban, suna yin wani irin rawa a gaban masu sauraro, suna mai fahimta da daidaito da dabi'ar motsin su. An ƙirƙiri wannan nau'in don suturar gashi, kodayake ban da wannan, kwanakin nan ana amfani dashi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da wasannin motsa jiki (polo doki).
Marvari abinci
Dawakan Marvarian, waɗanda aka ciyar da su tsakanin tsaunukan yashi na lardin Rajasthan na Indiya, ba su da yawa a cikin ciyayi, ba su da ɗanɗanar ciyarwa. Abilityarfinsu na yin ba tare da abinci ba na kwanaki da yawa an inganta shi tsawon ƙarni. Babban abu shi ne cewa doki koyaushe yana da tsabtataccen ruwa mai tsabta, kodayake waɗannan dabbobin suna jure ƙishirwa tare da mutunci.
Kiwo da Rayuwa ta Marvari Doki
A cikin daji ba za ku sami marvari ba. Zuriyarsu ana aiwatar da ita ne ta zuriya daga cikin kabilu masu kama da yaki na lardin Rajasthan, ko kuma a yankin Marwar, ana kula da kiyaye irin wannan a matakin jihar. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, adadin marwari a Indiya yana haɓaka koyaushe, wanda ba abin da za a yi sai farin ciki. Tare da kulawa da kyau, dawakan Marwar suna rayuwa tsawon shekaru 25-30.
Sayi marvari a Rasha ba mai sauki bane, in gaya muku gaskiya, kusan ba zai yiwu ba. A Indiya, an haramta shigo da wadannan dawakai daga waje. An keɓance keɓaɓɓen a cikin 2000 ga Baƙin Amurka Francesca Kelly, wanda ya zama mai tsara kungiyar Horsean asalin Dawakai ta Indiya.
Akwai jita-jita a tsakanin mahayan dawakai cewa a Rasha akwai dawakai biyu na Marvari a cikin jakar sirri, amma kawai yadda dawakan da kansu da kuma mawadatansu masu arziki suka san yadda aka kawo su, da kuma yadda doka ta kasance.
A cikin hoto, wani katangar doki Marvari
Babu wani abin da ya rage wa magoya bayan Rasha na waɗannan dawakai na almara yadda za su ziyarci ƙasarsu ta tarihi a zaman wani yanki na balaguron ƙasa, ko siyan siran Marvari Breyer - Cikakken takaddar doki mai fitarwa daga wani shahararren kamfanin Amurka. Kuma, ba shakka, fatan cewa wata rana wannan taska mai rai na Rajasthan zai kasance don siyarwa a Tarayyar Rasha.
Legend of faru
Akwai labari game da fitowar marwari - nau'in dawakai. Ta ce da zarar wani jirgin ruwan larabawa ya fadi a gabar tekun Indiya. A cikin jirgin akwai dawakai kyawawan Larabawa 7. Suna cikin jimrewa bayan bala'in, sai suka tashi a gabar Kogin Kach, kuma wani lokaci daga baya mazauna yankin Marwar suka kama su. Waɗannan dawakai an ƙetare su da ƙananan, albeit hardy Indian ponies. Jinin larabawa ya inganta kamanninsu, ba tare da hana musu juriya da sanyi ba. Koyaya, wataƙila dawakan Mongolian sun rinjayi dawakan Marwari, kuma irin ƙabilar da kanta ta bayyana a yankin arewa maso yamma na Indiya akan iyakar da Afghanistan.
Asalin tarihi
Hoto na marchivian doki
Tarihin asalin dokin Marvari ya samo asali ne a tsakiyar karni. Sarakunan yankin Marwar Rathore sune farkon waɗanda suka fara haihuwar su. Tuni a karni na XII, sun kula don kiyaye tsabtar jini da juriya daga cikin irin, don haka zaɓi na dawakai don jan iri ya kasance da tsayayye. Shekaru da yawa, an yi amfani da su azaman dawakai. A cikin yaƙi, ƙungiyar Marvari sun nuna ƙarfin hali da aminci.
Akwai shawarwari da magabatan kyawawan Marvari su ne dawakai daga ƙasashen da ke iyaka - Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan da Turkmenistan, da dawakai na Mongolian da kuma na larabawa. Misalin waɗannan shahararrun dabbobi ana iya ganin su, amma kunnuwa na sabon nau'in zuciyar doki ba su da asali a cikin wadancan masu samarwa.
A zamanin da, ana amfani da dokin Marwar don ayyukan soja, amma mutane ne kawai da ke da matsayi na musamman an basu damar hawa.
Saukar da Noble na Musamman
Shekarar 1930 sun kasance masu matukar nasara ga dawakan Marwar. Rashin kula da inganci ya haifar da raguwar lambobin su, amma yanzu an magance matsalar. Marvari wani irin dawakai ne da ake ganin ba sa'a sosai. Saukar ta ba abu mafi sauki ba ne. An dakatar da fitar da dawakan Marwar a waje da Indiya tsawon shekaru. A shekarar 2000 kawai, fitarwa daga kasashen ketare ta zama mai yuwuwa, amma cikin iyakance.
Abubuwan da ake amfani dasu na jiki
Yanayin irin dokin Marwar shima baƙon abu bane: suna da babban yanayin wuta kuma koyaushe suna dawo gida, wanda ya taimaka ceton rayuka. Suna da ingantattun gabobi masu azanci, sauraro mai ji, wanda ya taimaka wajen koyo game da haɗarin da ke gabatowa.
Hakanan, dokin ya kasance mai karfin fada a ji da gaske kuma yana da aminci har zuwa lokacin da koda yayi rauni mai rauni, ba zai bar mai shi ya cece shi ba.
Halaye da kara
Dawakai na wannan irin sun shahara saboda juriya da ban mamaki. Mai ja da ciki tare da tukwici masu m, suna da ɗan kallo.
Matsakaicin tsayi don dawakan marvari shine 1.52-1.63 m. Amma don mafi girman daidaituwa yayin kwatanta dawakan Marwar, yana da daraja la'akari da wane ɓangare na India suka fito. Dangane da wannan, ci gaba na iya bambanta daga 1.42 zuwa 1.73 m.
Fitowar sa
Marvars suna da babban kai tare da madaidaiciyar bayanin martaba. Tsawon kunnuwa ya kama daga 9 zuwa cm 5. Ana iya jujjuya 180. Dawakai Marwari suna da dogon wuya, kuma an kawata mayukan da kyau. Godiya ga madaidaiciya kafadu a gare su ba zai zama matsala motsi a cikin hamada ba. Marvars sauƙin cire ƙafafunsu daga yashi mai zurfi. Saboda wannan, an rage saurin motsi, amma a lokaci guda, mahayin zai ji daɗin nutsuwa saboda yanayin doki mai laushi. Upwanƙwasa croup Marvari. Kafafunsu suna da bakin ciki da tsawo tare da ƙananan ƙafafu masu kyau.
Marwari na iya zama rashi iri-iri. Sau da yawa akwai bay da jan dawakai na wannan irin. Gwanayen launin toka da kankara suna da ƙima mafi girma. Amma baƙar fata an ɗauka alama ce ta mutuwa. Irin wannan dokin, a cewar Indiyawa, na iya kawo masifa. Amma wakilin marvari tare da safa sau huɗu ko farar fata a kan kai bisa ga sanannen imani yana kawo farin ciki. Fararen dawakai a Indiya ana bayar da su ne kawai saboda dalilai na addini.
Dark bay kwat
Amfani da dawakan Marwar
Marvari wani nau'in dawakai ne wanda ake amfani dashi kusan ko'ina. Ya dace da hawa, jigilar kaya. Irin wannan dokin za a iya harba shi zuwa kera. Bugu da kari, yana da amfani a harkar noma. Dawakai na wannan nau'in sun dace da horo musamman saboda motsin su na halitta mai ban sha'awa. Hakanan ana iya amfani da dawakan Marwar a cikin polo na ƙasa. Za su iya har ma da wasa da thoroughbreds.
Tarihin gado
Marwari an samo su ne daga rafin Indiya na gida da kuma dawakai na larabawa. A tafkunan sun kasance ƙanana da daskararru, amma tare da kyakkyawan tsari. Tasirin jinin larabawa ya inganta yanayin ba tare da keta alfarmar hunturu ba. Almara na Indiya sun ce wani jirgin ruwan larabawa dauke da dawakai bakwai na larabawa ya lalata a gabar tekun Kach County. Sannan an kama waɗannan dawakai a yankin Marwar kuma sun zama farkon waɗanda suka fara gwanayen. Hakanan akwai yiwuwar tasirin dawakan Mongolian daga arewa. Irin wannan ƙungiyar ta samo asali ne a arewa maso yamma India a kan iyaka da Afghanistan, da kuma iyakokin Afghanistan tare da Uzbekistan da Turkmenistan.
Sarakunan Marwar da na doki Rajput sune magabatan Marvari na gargajiya. An kori Rathors daga mulkin su Kanauj a cikin 1193 kuma sun yi ritaya zuwa jejin Tara. Marvari yana da mahimmanci don rayuwarsu, kuma a ƙarni na 12 ya kasance ana aiwatar da zuriyarsu a ƙarƙashin tsananin kulawa. Masu shayarwa suna kiyaye mafi kyawun tashoshin kwari. A wannan lokacin, dawakai ana daukar su allahntaka ne, kuma a wannan lokacin membobin Rajput ne kaɗai da kuma mayaƙan jarumawan Kshatriya da aka basu izinin hawa su. Lokacin da Mughals suka kame arewacin Indiya a farkon karni na 16, sun kawo dawakan Turkmen, wanda tabbas ana amfani dasu azaman kari a cikin kiwo na Marwari. An san Marvari a cikin wannan lokacin don jaruntaka da ƙarfin hali a cikin yaƙi, kazalika da aminci ga mahayansu. A karshen karni na 16, rundunar Rajputs ta Marwar, karkashin jagorancin Mogul sarki Akbar, ta sanya dakaru sama da 50,000. Rathors sun yi imanin cewa dokin Marvari na iya barin fagen fama ba kawai a ɗayan ɗayan yanayi uku ba - nasara, mutuwa, ko kawar da mahaya dawakai zuwa wuri mai aminci. Developedwararrawar amsawa an sami ci gaba a dawakai a cikin fagen fama, kuma suna aiwatar da wahalar hawa.
Wannan lokacin mulkin Birtaniyya ya haifar da faduwar Marwari a zaman wata kabila da al'adu. Turawan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya sun gwammace da wasu kiwo kuma sun yi watsi da garin Marvari tare da Kathiyavari. Madadin haka, Birtaniyya ta fi son hada-hadar gwal da polo-ponies da kuma rage martabar Marvari ga irin wannan har da kunnuwan da ke cikin gida na zage-zage a matsayin "alamar doki na gida." A cikin 1930s, Marvari ya tsananta, dabbobi sun ragu kuma suka zama mafi ƙarancin talauci saboda al'adun kiwo mara kyau. 'Yancin kai na Indiya, tare da wuce gona da iri na sojan doki, ya rage bukatar Marwari, kuma daga baya an kashe dabbobi da yawa. A cikin shekarun 1950s, sarakunan Indiya da yawa sun rasa asararsu, sabili da haka, yawancin ikon su na kulawa da dabbobi, sakamakon abin da aka sayar da dawakan Marvari a matsayin dabbobi, ana jefasu ko kuma a kashe su. Yankin na kan gaba wajen karewa har sai lokacin da Maharaja Umaid Singhji ya sa hannun a farkon karni na 20 ya ceci Marvari. Babban aikinsa, Maharaja Gaj Singh II ya ci gaba da aikin sa.
Wani mahayi dan Ingila mai suna Francesca Kelly ya kafa kungiyar da ake kira Marwari Bloodlines a 1995 tare da burin yada da adana dokin Marvari a duniya. A cikin 1999, Kelly da Raghuvendra Singh Dundlod, waɗanda suka fito daga zuriyar jarumawan Indiya, sun jagoranci Horseungiyar Indiya ta Horseasar Indiya (wanda ya haɗa da Marvari Horse Society), ƙungiyar da ke aiki tare da gwamnati, masu shayarwa da jama'a, don haɓaka da kuma kula da shayarwa. Kelly da Dunlod suma sun shiga gasar kuma sun ci tsere a gasar wasannin kasa da kasa ta Indiya, inda suka shawo kansu Indianungiyar Equestrian ta Indiya don ba da izinin nuna wasan doki na ƙasa - na farko a cikin ƙasar. Ma'auratan sunyi aiki tare da wasu masana daga theungiyoyin Horsean Rago na asali don haɓaka matsayin farko. Da farko gwamnatin India ta hana fitar da nau'ikan dawakai na cikin gida, amma ba polo-ponies ko tsarkakakkun kaya ba, a cikin 1952. An dakatar da wannan haramcin ne a cikin 1999, lokacin da za'a iya fitar da karamin dawakai na gida bayan samun lasisi na musamman. Kelly ya shigo da dokin Marvari na farko zuwa Amurka a 2000. A cikin shekaru bakwai masu zuwa, an fitar da dawakai 21 har sai da lasisi ya ƙare a shekara ta 2006 saboda fargabar cewa yawan mazaunan karkara na cikin haɗari.Ofayan ɗayan Marvars na ƙarshe da aka fitar dashi shine farkon wanda aka shigo dashi zuwa Turai a cikin 2006 kuma aka canza shi zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Doki na Faransa. A cikin 2008, Gwamnatin India ta fara ba da lasisin “fitarwa na wucin gadi” har zuwa shekara guda don ba da damar a nuna dawakai a wasu ƙasashe. Wannan martani ne ga ikirarin masu shayarwa da al'umma mai shayarwa, wadanda suka yi imanin cewa ba a basu dama ta yadda za su nuna dabbobin su.
A ƙarshen 2007, an ba da sanarwar shirin samar da ɗakunan laburare don irin. Wannan aiki ne na hadin gwiwar kungiyar Indian Marwari Horse Society da Gwamnatin India. An gabatar da tsarin yin rajista ne a shekarar 2009. Daga nan sai aka sanarda kungiyar Marwari Horse Society ta zama kungiyar jiha - kungiya daya ce kawai tayi rijista ta gwamnati ta Marwari. Tsarin rajista ya ƙunshi kimar doki don dacewa da ka'idodi na kiwo, a lokacin da ake yin alamu na musamman da alamun adabi. Bayan kimantawa, dokin yana da alamar sanyi tare da lambar rajistarsa kuma yayi hoton. A karshen 2009, Gwamnatin India ta ba da sanarwar cewa dokin Marwari, tare da sauran nau'ikan doki na Indiya, za a nuna su a kan tambura da yawa na Indiya.
Abu ne mai matukar wahala a sami rubutaccen shaida wanda ke tabbatar da wanzuwar marvari a matsayin wani nau'in daban daban na shekarun da suka gabata. Da farko, wadannan dawakan ana kiransu “desi,” wanda a zahiri ma'anar “cikin gida ake karkatar.” Amma duk da cewa ambaton marwari a matsayin wata rabuwa daban ya bayyana ne kawai fewan ƙarni ƙarnuka da suka gabata, binciken ƙididdiga ya nuna cewa waɗannan dabbobin an goge su da dadewa kuma suna da bambance-bambance daga wasu nau'in na gida. Marabilar Marwar tana da dangantaka da wani ɗan rago na mayaƙan jarumawan Rajput. A cikin salama, an yi wa dawakai kayan ado da yawa, karfan su na iya cin wadatar su. A ƙarshe, an kirkiro irin wannan ƙasa a kan ƙasa ta zamani ta Rajasthan, a yankin Marwar, inda Rajputs suka mamaye. A cikin karni na XI, daya daga cikin manyan kabilun Rajput, Rathora, ya koma Marwar; sun zama manyan magabatan Marwar. Har wa yau, Indiyawa suna ɗaukar asalin dawakansu a matsayin allahntaka kuma suna kiransu "Surya Putra", wanda ke nufin "'ya'yan allahn rana." A cewar wata labarin, Sanjna, matar Surya, tana ɓoye ne a Duniya daga zafin da mijinta ba zai iya jurewa ba, yana ɗaukar manufar doki. Da yake son kasancewa tare da ƙaunatacciyarta, Surya kuma ta kasance a cikin doki, kuma 'ya'yansu sun zama magabatan dukkan Marvars na zamani.
Kowace shekara a watan Nuwamba, masu shayarwa daga sassa daban-daban na kasar suna haduwa a birni mai tsarki na Pushkar, suna kimanta dawakan masu gasa da kuma nuna ire-irensu.
Shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, a tsakanin lokutan tsakanin kamfen na soja, Marvars koyaushe suna halartar bukukuwan daban-daban, waɗanda sune mahimmancin rayuwar rayuwar Rajputs masu daraja. Dawakai sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin bukukuwan biki, suna alfahari da ɗaukar ma'abuta a yayin jerin gwanon addini ko kuma maraba da manyan mutane, daɗaɗa rawa ga kiɗan. Har wa yau, al'adar koyar da dawakai masu dawakai suna ta hauhawa: suna yin bikin aure, masu yawon bude ido da ban mamaki har ma sun tashi zuwa Ingila don nuna fasaharsu ga sarauniya.
Bayanin asali
Matsakaicin tsayi na marvari shine 152-163 cm. Dawakai sun samo asali daga sassa daban-daban na Indiya, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna da tsayi a cikin kewayon 142 zuwa 173. Suna iya zama bay, launin toka, ja, salted da pinto. Duk da cewa dawakkun fararen dawakai ana buge su a Indiya saboda dalilai na addini, yawanci ba'a rubuta su a ɗakin karatun ba. Dawakai na launin toka da pinto ana ɗaukar su mafi mahimmanci. Ravens suna dauke da farin ciki, launinsu kuwa alama ce ta mutuwa da duhu. Dawakai wadanda suke da fararen fata a fuskokinsu da safa hudu suna dauke da sa'a.
Shugaban yana da girma, bayanin martaba ya kasance kai tsaye, kunnuwan suna jujjuya ciki, tsawon zai iya zama daga 9 zuwa 15 cm kuma jujjuya 180. Idan doki yana duban kai tsaye, dabarun kunnuwa yakamata su kasance cikin cikakkiyar masaniyar juna. A cikin duniya dawakai ne kawai na Indiya (banda marvari kuma kathiyavari ce) ana basu wannan damar ta fannin. A wuya ne bakin ciki, tare da shelar witites, kirji yana da zurfi. Kafadu sunyi madaidaiciya, wanda ke ba ta damar motsawa cikin sauri kuma ta dabi'a ta yashi. Tare da wannan tsarin kafada, yafi sauƙin cire ƙafafu daga cikin yashi mai zurfi. A lokaci guda, halayen gudu suna raguwa, amma motsin doki ya zama mai taushi da kwarjini ga mahayin. Marwari yawanci yana da dogaye ne mai tsayi. Kafafu suna da bakin ciki da tsawo, hannayensu kanana ne amma da kyau aka yi su.
Wani doki Marvari yakan gabatar da wata hanya ta halitta wacce take kusa da matsayin da ake kira rewal, afkal, ko rive. Gashi mai kyau da kuma wurin da yake da mahimmanci ga masu shayarwa Marvari. Dawakai da doguwar curls a wuyansu ana kiran su devans kuma ana ɗaukarsu masu sa'a ne, dawakai da curls a ƙarƙashin idanunsu ana kiransu anusudal kuma basu da mashahuri a cikin masu siye. An yi imani da cewa curls a kan goge kawo nasara. Ana ba da shawarar cewa dawakai su kasance suna da daidai daidai gwargwadon girman yatsa daidai yake da hatsi sha biyar. Misali, tsawon muckin ya kasance tsakanin yatsu 28 zuwa 40, kuma tsawon daga bayan kai zuwa wutsiya ya kamata ya zama tsawon fuska hudu.
Saboda aikin soja na baya, waɗannan dawakan za su iya yin ba tare da ruwa da abinci ba na kwanaki da yawa, suna da ƙarfi da motsawa. Kunnuwa masu kunne na marvari suna ɗaukar kowane sauti, kuma siliki fata yana tsayayya da yanayin yanayi mai zafi na hamada, inda yake da zafi yayin rana da sanyi dare. Marvars ba shi da kyan gani ko kaɗan da fasaha, saboda haka, duk da yanayin zafi, zaku iya dogaro da su a kowane yanayi. Marvari doki yana da haƙuri da aminci tare da mutum, yana ba da izini game da duk abin da ke motsawa. Marvari ya tsinke a cikin hamada, kuma wannan ya nuna a cikin yanayin jinsi: kafafuwansu suna da ƙarfi, kuma tsokoki na baya da croup suna haɓaka isa ya yi sauri a kan sands mara tsafta.
Asalin dawakan Marvari
A cikin kudu maso yammacin Rajasthan akwai yankin Marwari, wanda ya ba da suna ga waɗannan dawakai na musamman. Halittu masu falala sun shahara har ma a zamanin Alexander Mai Girma, waɗanda ke yin amfani da su sosai a cikin rundunar sojojinsa saboda ƙarfin halinsa. Yadda aka gudanar da kiwo da kyau an ba da gudummawa ga ƙirƙirar dawakan dawakai waɗanda zasu iya wanzu a ƙasashe, kuma cikin sauƙin juriya da zafi. Bugu da kari, dawakai da suka kange za su iya kokarin rufe dogon zango yayin da suke rike da saurin inganci Rubutu masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ana nuna wannan gatan a matsayin babbar gata: memba ne na san Kshatriev caste na iya doki dokin Indiya, wanda sahiban shahararrun jarumawa da masu mulki ke da wuya.
Tsarin kunnuwan kunnuwa shine alamar Marvari
Ba wai kawai dawakai suna amfani da dawakai ba don dalilai na soji ba, har ma sun zama shahararre don ƙirƙirar fasaha guda ɗaya wanda ke taimakawa ba da doki mafi kyawun gani ba. Sunyi wa kawunan Marvari ado tare da jabu na giwayen. Irin wannan yanayin baƙon abu bai tsoratar da abokin gaba ba, wanda daga nesa ya kuskure dawakai don mazaunan savannah kuma bai yi ikon kai hari ba. A Tsakanin Tsararru, dawakai na dawakai sun kai kimanin mutane 50,000.
A waje, nau'in Marwar yana kama da na Turkmen ɗaya, in banda keɓaɓɓen tsarin kunnuwa
Daga lokacin kiwo zuwa farkon shekarun 30s na karni na karshe, yawan dabbobin ya ragu raguwa, yana kan gab da rugujewa. M ƙarancin dawakai akasari a Indiya, sannan takamaiman ƙuntatawa akan fitarwa daga ƙasan ƙasar ya taimaka da halayen zuriya irin wannan.
Godiya ga ƙoƙarin Maharaja Jadpur Singhiyi da gwamnatin Indiya, ɗan adam yana da damar da za a so dawakai masu ban mamaki ba kawai a cikin zane-zane ba, har ma suna tunanin rayuwa.
Binciken kwayoyin
Sakamakon kai tsaye na al'adun kiwo ba tare da bambanci ba, kamar yadda aka yi a 2001 akwai kawai dawakai dubu biyu na Marvari tsarkakakku. An gudanar da bincike don nazarin asalin halittar dawakai na Marwari da alaƙar su da sauran shahararrun dawakai na Indiya da ba India. An gano nau'ikan daban-daban guda shida a Indiya: Marvari, Kathiawari, Pony Spiti, Pony Bhutia, Pony Manipuri da Zanskari. Wadannan nau'ikan shida sun bambanta da juna a cikin halaye waɗanda suka samo asali a ƙarƙashin yanayin agroclimatic daban-daban a yankuna daban-daban na Indiya, inda suka tashi. A shekara ta 2005, an gudanar da wani bincike don gano ƙarancin ƙwayoyin halittun da suka gabata a cikin doki Marvari. Binciken ya nuna cewa DNA na dawakan da aka gwada ba ya nuna alamun kwayar halittar gado a tarihin kiwo. Koyaya, yayin da yawan jama'a ke raguwa cikin sauri a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, watakila akwai alamun matsalolin da ba a gano su ba a binciken. A shekara ta 2007, an gudanar da wani bincike don tantance bambancin kwayar halitta tsakanin dukkan nau'in doki na Indiya banda katyavari. Dangane da bincike akan DNA na microsat tauraron dan adam, an san marvars a matsayin mafi kyawun dabi'ar halittar biyar da aka yi nazarin, kuma sune mafi nisa daga Manipuri. Babu wani daga cikin jinsunan da ke da kusancin alaƙa tare da tsarkakakken jini. Marvari ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan dabbobi biyu a halayen jiki (galibi tsayi) da kuma dacewa da yanayin. An danganta bambance-bambance na zahiri ga magabata daban-daban: Dawakai Marvari suna da alaƙa da dawakai na Larabawa, yayin da kuma ake zargin sauran nau'ikan daga zirin Tibet.
Halayen halaye
Doki Marvar yana da hali mai ƙarfi da ƙima mai ban mamaki. Abilityarfin mai girma don kewaya ƙasa da baiwa mai zurfi don nemo hanyar gida sama da sau ɗaya ya ceci rayukan mahaya. Babu ƙaramin abin mamaki shine sauraronsu mai ban mamaki, wanda zai baka damar ɗaukar sauti daga nesa mai nisa, wanda ba kowane nau'in doki bane zaiyi alfahari dashi. Saboda wannan dukiya ta musamman, dawakan Indiya suka yi gargadin maigidan game da hadarin da ke gabatowa. Wasu masana tarihi sun lura cewa masu gadi masu aminci ba su barin jaruma mai rauni a fagen fama ba, suna ci gaba da kare shi daga harin abokan gaba.
Kunnuwa na yau da kullun, waɗanda suke da alaƙa da wannan nau'in, ana iya rarrabe su da sifofi irin na kundin tsarin mulki. Sune sunyi concave sosai ciki har da tukwicin su. Akwai zaton cewa wannan fasalin fasalin sassan ji ya bayyana ne sakamakon wani maye gurbi da ya samu ta hanyar zabi tare da dawakan Larabawa. Wataƙila irin wannan zane mai ban mamaki kuma ya haifar da ban mamaki ikon jin sauti, asalin abin da yake a cikin nesa mai nisa.
Kafafuwan Marvari suna da angan kusurwa kaɗan kusurwa da ƙwallon kafa
Amfani da asali
Ana amfani da Marvari don hawan doki, hawa-doki da jigilar kaya da kuma aikin gona. Marvars galibi ana ketare su tare da rijiyoyin burtsatse don samar da mafi yawan doki. Sun dace da suturar musamman, musamman saboda motsi na halitta. Hakanan ana amfani da Marvars don Polo na ƙasar, wani lokacin ana wasa da wutsiya.
Dawakai sunada kyau domin hawa dawakai na kwana daya, idan mahaya suka shawo kan dubun kilomita a rana, suna wucewa cikin tsaunuka ko kuma yashi.
Siffofin waje
Tsarin alheri na kafadu yana ba da damar gaban abin ƙyallen kuma yana ba da doki damar tafiya tare da yashi kyauta, kusan ba tare da saurin gudu ba. Hanyar dawakai ta Indiya ana ɗauka mai daɗi da taushi ga mahayin.
- tsawo a ƙ witƙasassu: har zuwa 170 cm, tare da matsakaicin tsayi na 152 cm zuwa 163 cm,
- canza launin: bay, nightingale, ja, kek, launin toka, fari,
- m jiki
- wata gabar jiki
- iri iri na kai
- manyan idanu masu banbanci
- kunnuwa masu kunne, 9 zuwa 15 cm tsayi, yana jujjuya 180,
- gwargwado, wanda aka danganta da kai a wani kusurwa na digiri 45,
- mai zurfi da fadi da kirji
- m hock gidajen abinci
- kafaffun ankles masu zurfi
- matsakaici sized
- wuya hooves.
Idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran nau'ikan dawakai, da wuya Marvari ya yi tsegumi
Siffofin kiyaye dawakai
Kafin ci gaba da kiwo na Marvari, ya kamata ku rikice tare da shiri na wuraren gabatar da wuraren zama. Bargaren dole ne ya cika buƙatu da yawa waɗanda zasu taimaka ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi kyau don dawakai su rayu.
- Haske. Ya kamata dakin mai kyau da kyau kuma ya samar da iska mai kyau.
Dole ne a cika gadaje da windows
Dawakai ba sa son zayyana
A cikin yankuna masu tsananin sanyi sosai, ana amfani da masu amfani da wutar lantarki.
A al'adance ana amfani da itace don yin ganuwar.
Dole rufin ya zama mai aikin wuta
An gina bene daga busassun kayan aiki masu dorewa wadanda ke hana danshi shiga.
Ba da manyan ɗimbin turɓayar ƙasa, tsaftacewa ya kamata a yi akai-akai
Hanyoyin kulawa ba wai kawai suna samar da cikakkiyar tsabta ba, har ma suna ba dawakai kyakkyawar kyakkyawa, kyakkyawa
An hawa dawakai tare da taimakon kayan aikin sihiri da ƙwararrun ƙwararru kawai
Siffofin Ciyar
Duk da gaskiyar cewa Marvari na iya samun sauƙi tare da abinci mai kalori, don kula da mahimman tsarin jiki, ya zama dole don samar musu da ingantaccen tsarin abinci.
Matsakaicin mutum yaci abinci yayin shekara:
- hatsi: 2 t
- hay: 4-5 t,
- bran: 500 kilogiram
- karas: 1 t
- gishiri: 13 kg. 6
Don doki mai nauyin kilogram 450 zuwa 500 a rana, kuna buƙatar:
- hatsi: 5 kilogiram
- hay: daga 10 zuwa 13 kg,
- bran: 1.5 kilogiram
- karas: 3 kilogiram.
Matsayin dabba, ɗawainiya da shekaru yana da tasiri sosai ga yawan abincin da aka ciyar dashi. Wadannan kayan za a iya narkar da su da beets na fodder, kabeji, apples and kankana. Kuna iya haɓaka kayan makamashi na tsarin ciyarwa tare da taimakon bitamin da abubuwan haɓaka ma'adinai.
Gishiri dole ne ya kasance koyaushe a cikin jama'a
Kasancewar gishirin abinci a cikin marvari bai kamata a yi la'akari da su ba: yana da kyawawa don bayar da wannan ɓangaren abinci mai mahimmanci ga dabbobi a cikin saƙar.
Janar abinci dokokin:
- hatsi da hay ya kamata a raba cikin kwantena daban-daban,
- hay dole ne a sa a saman feeders,
- hay bukatar a ciyar da karamin rabo sau 5 a rana,
- Ya kamata a ba da mai a daidai sassa 3 sau a rana,
- yakamata a ciyar da abinci,
- da rabo daga roughage ya zama kusan 40% na jimlar girma,
- Idan muka kwatanta mahimmancin oats da hay, to samfuran ƙarshe na da matukar mahimmanci ga jikin Marvari,
- wake da hatsi ciyawa ana daukar mafi kyawun kowane nau'in hay,
- mutum mai balaga yakan cinye kusan lita 70 na ruwan sha a rana.
Tun da hay abu ne mai mahimmanci na abinci don hana tashin zuciya, yana da muhimmanci a bincika shi kafin a ciyar: dole ne ya bushe. Yin amfani da samfurin rigar, mara lalacewa ko m abu ne mara karɓuwa. Kafin ku miƙa shi ga dabba, kuna buƙatar rarrabe shi da hannuwanku da bushe don ɗan lokaci a cikin iska. Duk da ƙarfin ƙarfin kwayoyin Marvari, a cikin aikin gida, sun zama mafi saurin kamuwa da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da rashin abinci mai gina jiki.
Canjin zuwa wurin kiwo ya zama mai hankali: dabbobin suna buƙatar mako 1 don narkewar tsarin ya kasance a shirye don narke sabon ciyawa
Da zuwan bazara, ciyawa ko ciyawa da aka yanke aka samo su. A farkon farawar doki, ya kamata ka iyakance lokacinsu a cikin makiyaya. Kafin ɗaukar Marvari zuwa makiyaya, ya wajaba don ciyar da kowane mutum har zuwa kilogiram na 2 na hay. A bu mai kyau kar a bar dabbobi su yi tafiya a kan ciyawa, musamman lokacin damana.Hakanan ya kamata ku guji ciyar da ciyawar ciyawa mai bushe, saboda yana fara yawo, wanda yake haifar da colic.
Tebur. Abubuwan da ake buƙata na yau da kullun don doki yana nauyin 450 zuwa 500, bisa ga nauyin
Matsayi na kaya | Ciyarwa na cikakken abinci mai gina jiki | ||
---|---|---|---|
Rude | Yana mai da hankali | Juyarwa | |
Ba tare da aiki ba | 35-80 | - | 20-65 |
Sauki | 50-60 | 10-25 | 10-40 |
Matsakaici | 40-50 | 30-40 | 5-35 |
Mai nauyi | 25-40 | 50-55 | 5-25 |
Idan ba a yi amfani da dabba don aiki ko dalilan wasanni ba, ya zama dole a ba rukunin abinci guda 1.35 a kowace kilogiram mai nauyin 100 don kula da ajiyar makamashi.
A lokacin rana, dawakai masu balaga akan matsakaici suna cin kimanin kilogiram 50 na ciyawar ciyawa, da abinci - 30 kilogiram
Addarin abubuwan karawa
Tushen abincin kayan abinci sune premixes da bitamin da kuma kayan ma'adinai. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana amfani da su a lokacin hunturu, lokacin da dawakai ba su da damar cin ciyawar makiyaya.
Tebur. Matsakaicin amfanin yau da kullun na abinci don 1 mutum
Sunan koto | Daidaita a kowace rana, g | |
---|---|---|
Dawakai manya | Saurayi | |
Alli | 70 | 50 |
Abincin abinci | 50 | 25 |
Dicalcium phosphate | 80 | 40 |
Kifi mai | 15 | 20 |
Yisti mai bushe | 10 | 15 |
Ya kamata a yi amfani da mai kifi idan akwai rashin bitamin A da D cikin abinci
- alli. Wannan sinadari dole ne a bayar dashi a foda, wanke shi da bushewa,
- kashi abinci. Ana amfani dashi tare da rashin phosphorus ko alli a cikin abincin,
- kifi mai. Da ake bukata da farko domin foals,
- bushe yisti. Su ne ingantaccen tushen bitamin B.
Bugu da kari, a cikin hunturu, zaku iya amfani da premixes tare da fillers a cikin nau'in abinci ko bran. Musamman mashahuri tsakanin masu kiwon dabbobi sune abubuwanda ake karawa “Masu karfi” da “Samuwar nasara”. Idan akwai rashin hay, yana da kyawawa don ƙara yawan kayan abinci na masana'antu, waɗanda suke daidaita abubuwan abinci masu kyau.
Dawakan Marvari sukan kasance cikin aikin mahaɗan dawakai kuma a matsayin karɓar motocin haya
Don haɓaka doki mai yawa, masu shayarwa sau da yawa suna ƙetara Marvari tare da dawakan da aka yi amfani da su. A cikin asalin su, suna da kyau don suttuwa saboda ratsa taushi da motsawar halitta. Saboda kayan aikin, koyaushe ana amfani dasu don polo na ƙasa.
Halayen halaye
Tsawon wakilan wannan nau'in galibi ya kai Santimita 170. Hanyoyin ƙafafun su suna da ƙarancin wahala, saboda haka kusan ba a taɓa taɓa su ba. Kafafuwansu suna da tsayi kuma suna da sifa mai kyau, kuma duk da cewa jikinsu cikakke ne. Amma wannan gaskiyar ba ta haifar da rashin daidaituwa na waje ba, a maimakon haka yana ba da ƙarancin jinsin har ma ya bambanta. Bugu da kari, wannan tsarin yana bawa dokin damar shigowa da ciki tare da yashi mai zafi, wanda zasu iya fada cikin sauki.
Amma idan ka dube su, wannan ba shine farkon abin da zai fara ganin idanunka ba. Babban bambancin su daga wasu nau'in dabbobi shine kunnuwa, wanda babu wasu nau'in doki da suke da shi. A cikin Marvari, suna lanƙwasa ciki don a sakamakon hakan an haɗa ƙarshensu.
Wani fasalin halayyar shayarwa ana iya kiranta tsarin kafadunsu. An sanya su a saman ƙaramin kusurwa dangane da kafafu, godiya ga wannan fasalin suna da wuta fiye da sauran dawakai, sabili da haka sun sami damar motsawa cikin sauri a cikin sands na hamada. Ko da a cikin farfaɗo a cikin yashi, suna iya cire ƙafafunsu ba tare da cutar da su ba. Fatar su na bakin ciki ne, wannan yana basu damar kasancewa cikin sauƙi a yankin mai zafi kuma basa buƙatar ruwan sha mai yawa.
Ina so in san komai
Abu na farko da zai fara maka idan kaga marvari baƙon abu bane, wanda babu ɗayan dokin da yake da shi. Kunnuwan dawakan Marwar suna birkice a ciki domin nasihunsu su haɗu.
Menene kuma ke sa dokin marvari na ban mamaki yake da ban mamaki?
Hoto na 2.
Faɗin "Rajasthan" kowane ɗan Indiya lokaci guda yana tunanin hamada marar ruwa, tafki mai sanyi, tsaunuka marasa iyaka da ... dawakan marvari.
Kamar canjin yanayin Rajstan, kuma musamman yankin Marwar (na zamani Jadpur), dawakan Marwari sun haɗu da alheri da juriya. Marvari tsohuwar irin dawakai ce, wacce aka bayyana a cikin littattafai masu tsarki a matsayin doki, wanda wakilan Kshatriya caste ne kawai - manyan jarumawa da sarakuna - zasu iya zama.
Tarihin wannan dokin, wanda ya shahara a cikin halayensa, yana da alaƙa da tarihin Rajputs, ƙungiyar ba da ƙabilanci da ya mallaki yammacin Indiya a Tsakiyar Tsararraki. Dangane da labari, Marvari dokin ya taso "lokacin da teku tayi tafiya tare da nectar alloli ... a lokacin da dawakai suke iska."
Hoto na 3.
Clanabilar Rajput Rathor ta tsunduma cikin kiwon ƙiyayyar dokin soja. Dangane da kyakkyawa, karfin gwiwa, hankali, da kuma bautar dawakai na cikin gida, dangin da suke kama da yaki sun girka dawakai tsawon karni daban-daban domin yakin hamada. An aiwatar da kiwo sosai, saboda abin da aka tanƙwara doki wanda ya sami damar tsira a cikin ƙasashe, cin ciyawar ciyayi kawai, jure zafi da sanyi, tafi ba tare da ruwa na dogon lokaci kuma a lokaci guda ya rufe tsawon nisa a babban saurin.
Wani fasali mai ban mamaki na irin dokin Marwari shine tsarin kafadu: ana sanya su a ƙaramin kusurwa kusanci da ƙafar dabbar. Wannan yana sa dokin ya zama mai sauƙi kuma ya ba shi damar motsawa cikin sauri da dabi'a ta yashi. Irin wannan tsarin kafada yana bawa marvari damar sauke ƙafafunsa daga cikin yashi mai zurfi ba tare da lalacewa mai yawa ga halaye masu sauri ba. Kuma kodayake yayin tsere a cikin ƙasa madaidaiciyar dokin Marvar zai ba da gudummawa sosai, alal misali, ga dokin Akhal-Teke, hanya ta marvari ta fi sauƙi kuma ta fi dacewa ga mahaya.
Hoto na 4.
Jikin marvari yana da gauraya, amma kafafu suna da tsawo da falala. Godiya ga wannan tsari, har ma da zurfin faɗuwa, dokin Marvari baya taɓa ciki da yashi mai zafi.
Dawakan Marvarian suna da ingantacciyar hanyar koyarwa - sun san sosai inda gidansu yake, mai nisan mil da yawa daga shi. A Indiya, waɗannan dawakan Marvari an san su da ceton rayukan mahaya da yawa waɗanda suka rasa hanyar su cikin jeji.
Amma abu na farko da ya kama idanunka a gaban marvari shine kunnuwan da ba a saba gani ba, wanda babu wata hanyar dawakai wacce babu irinta. Kunnuwan dawakan Marwar suna birkice a ciki domin nasihunsu su haɗu. Dangane da fasali daya, wannan sakamakon sakamakon maye ne bayan ƙara jinin larabawa. Wataƙila daidai ne saboda wannan cewa jin marvari yana da haɓaka fiye da na wasu dawakai - ƙarancin ji na marvari fiye da sau ɗaya ya ceci mahayan, yana faɗakar dasu a lokacin haɗari.
Hoto na 5.
Wanda ya yi sa'a isa ya ziyarci Rajstan, babu shakka ya ga hoto a Fadar Shugaban kasa, wanda ke nuna babban yakin Rajput Maharana Pratap tare da Masarautar Mughal wacce Akbar ke jagoranta.
Dangane da bayanan tarihi, Rajputs sun mallaki mafi yawan cin nasarar su ga dabarun soja na kayan da suka kirkiro. Warriors sun sanya busassun giwayen giwaye akan dawakansu na dawakin Marwar. Ko da yaya ba'a iya magana a yau, wannan hanyar tayi aiki babu matsala. Godiya ga wannan “camouflage”, giwayen da ke yakar sun yi kuskure ga dawakai da aka makare domin giwayen kuma sun ki su kai musu hari. A halin yanzu, doki Marvari da aka horar da shi ya zama kafafu na gaba a goshin giwa, mahayin ya bugi direban da mashin. A lokacin Tsararru, irin wannan dawakai na musamman da aka horar sun ƙidaya kimanin dawakai 50,000.
Koyaya, yakin da aka kama a hoton (1576) ya ƙare cikin nasara. Duk da wannan, tsohuwar jarumawa ta waka ba wacce tayi nasara ba, sai dai kawai kariyar dawakan Marvari da sojojin rundunar Marwar.
Hoto na 6.
Legend yana da cewa dawakin Pratap, mai suna Chetak, ya ji rauni a bakin hauren, amma a maimakon dakatar da motsin, sai ya tashi a tafiyarsa ta karshe tare da mai mulkin sa a siririn kafafu lafiya 3. Lokacin da aka bar filin daga bayan yaƙi kuma haɗarin mahayin ya kare, dokin ya faɗi ƙasa. An kuma karanta cewa Marvars bai taɓa barin mahayan rauni a fagen fama ba, amma da aminci ya kasance a tsare, yana kori abokan gaba. Kuma idan mahaya ya ɓace a cikin hamada - dokin Marvari, godiya ga mai ilhami, zai sami hanyarsa ta komawa gida.
Hoto na 7.
Tun lokacin da dawakan Marviri suka yi jerin gwanon makaman su, kuma har zuwa karshen karni na 20, adadin wadannan kebantattun dawakan suna ta raguwa kullum. A cikin 30s (XX karni) irin dan yana gab da hallaka. A yau za mu iya kawai sha'awar dawakan marvari na almara a cikin zane-zane da frescoes, amma Maharaja na Jadpur Umaid Singiyya sun kiyaye ire-irensu.
Hoto 8.
A yau, gwamnatin Indiya, tare da ƙungiyar masu shayarwa, suna aiki tare da kiyaye shayarwar Marwari, don haka adadin dawakan Marwari a Indiya yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara.
Hoto 9.
Hoto 10.
Hoto na 11.
Hoto na 12.
Tarihin yadda shayarwar ta samo asali
Akwai almara da yawa game da yadda kuma lokacin da waɗannan dawakan suka bayyana. Dangane da mafi mashahuri daga cikinsu, hadarin jirgin ruwa na jirgin ruwa na Arab da ke bakin tekun Indiya ya taɓa faruwa lokaci mai tsawo. A kan jirgin an kwashe dawakan Larabawa, dawakai bakwai kawai na duka sun tsere. Sun sami damar isa garin Kach County a bakin teku. Bayan wani lokaci, mazaunan yankin Marwar suka kama dabbobin. Dawakan Larabawa sun haye tare da dogayen dabbobin India. An yi imani cewa akwai jini na dangin Mongolia a cikin dawakan Malani. Irin wannan nau'in na zamanin Maharajas ne, an shayar da shi, a cikin hamada na Rajasthan. Sakamakon haka, mun sami kyawawan dawakai, masu girman kai da marasa fasali na irin Marvari. An ɗauke ta sarautar sarauta, da ƙage da ƙarancin karatu.
A kan gabban ƙarewa
A ƙarni da yawa, ana amfani da dawakai azaman dawakai, amma kawai mutanen da ke da babban matsayi suna iya mallakar su. A ƙarni na 19, Indiya ta zama ƙasar mulkin mallakar Ingila. Sabbin masu mallakar sun yi kokarin lalata duk al'adun wannan kasar. An kawo dawakai na Ingilishi da asalin Turai zuwa Indiya, kuma yawancin abincin Marvari ana amfani dashi don nama. Ya zuwa karni na karshe na karni na karshe, yawan dabbobin ya ragu sosai.
Tun daga 1950, aka dawo da aikin kiwo don sabunta tsarin Marvari. An kuma sanya dokar hana fitar wadannan dabbobi zuwa wasu kasashen. A cikin 2000, a matsayin banbanci, an ba da izinin Amurka ta Francesca Kelly don fitar da wasu dawakai na wannan nau'in daga Indiya - kawai saboda ita ce ta tsara al'umma don kiyaye wannan nau'in.
Dawakan Marvari: halaye
Wannan nau'in halin yana da alaƙa da sifofi na jiki. Dawakan Malani suna da jiki mai kaɗaici, ƙaramin kai tare da madaidaiciyar bayanin martaba, da kisa mai faɗi. Dabbobi suna da manyan idanu masu kyau, ƙaramin baki, da kuma jaws suna haɓaka da kyau. Wuyansu tsayin matsakaici ne, ba lokacin farin ciki ba, kai ya haɗu da wuya a wani kusurwa na digiri 45. Kwakwalwa tana da zurfi da fadi da yawa, yawunta busassun kafafu da kyawawan kafafu. Hanyoyin suna da wahala, kusan babu dawakai. Dawakai na Marvari suna da kunnuwa na musamman, waɗanda babu wata ƙwaya da ke da ƙari: an nuna su daga bisa kuma suna kusanci da juna. Tsawon na iya zama daga 9 zuwa 15 santimita, ta taɓa tukwici, sun zama zuciya. Kunnuwa suna da ikon jujjuya digiri 180. An yi imani cewa godiya ga irin waɗannan kunnuwa, dabbobi suna da ji mai daɗi.
Dawakai sun natsu, suna masu biyayya, suna iya tafiya da kyau cikin sarari. Manuniya na zamani: haɓaka a ƙasan witir ya kasance daga 152 zuwa 163 cm, a wasu lardunan ana samun mutane da haɓaka daga 142 zuwa 173 cm.
Launi
Launi na nau'in doki na Marvari na iya zama kamar haka: bay, fari, launin toka, ja, baƙi, ɓawon burodi.
Fararen dawakai musamman ana girmama su. Sukan halarta ne kawai a ayyukan ibada da na ibada.
Dabbobin launin toka da makamantan shadda sune suka fi shahara tsakanin masu shayar da dawakai.
Baƙar fata ko baƙar fata ana ɗaukarsu lahani ne a cikin kiwo. Ga 'yan Hindu, baƙar fata alama ce ta mutuwa da duhu.
Marvari doki irin: hotuna, gaskiya ban sha'awa
Daga tarihi an san cewa wakilan wannan nau'in sun halarci manyan yaƙe-yaƙe da suka gudana a Indiya. Dawakan Marvari sun mallaki halayen fada na kwarai wanda ya basu damar shiga yaƙin da bai dace ba tare da direbobin giwayen. Sau da yawa galibi Rajupts ta ci nasara saboda yaudara da fasaha. Misali, a tsakiyar zamanai, kafin yakin, jarumawa sawa soji na karya akan dawakansu. Giwayen giwayen na abokan gaba sun cuce su ga kananan giwayen kuma ba su kai hari ba. A wannan lokacin, dawakai na musamman masu horo na Marvari sun tsaya tare da kafafunsu na gaba a goshin giwa, mahayin ya bugi mashin da māshi.
A lokacin tsakiyar duniya, sojojin da aka horar sun kunshi doki dubu hamsin. Dawakai na wannan kiwan suna da aminci da aminci ga mai shi. An yi imani cewa dokin ba zai taɓa barin mai shi da rauni ba, kuma zai tsare shi a hankali kuma ya kori abokan gaba. A cikin abin da mai shi ya ɓace, to, godiya ga masaniya ta musamman, dabba za ta sami hanyar gida koyaushe.
Inda zaka yi amfani da wannan irin
Rundunar sojan sama tana ci gaba da aiki a rundunar sojojin Indiya. Amma, duk da ingantattun halaye na dawakan malani, ba kasafai ake amfani dasu don yiwa sojoji aikin ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ana amfani da mafi yawan dabbobi don dawo da yawan jama'a.
Marwar dawakai ne na duniya bisa manufa. Yi amfani da su don hawa ko jigilar kayayyaki. Wakilan wannan nau'in galibi sukan zama karusai ga motocin. A cikin ƙauyuka ana amfani dasu don aikin gona. Mafi kyawun mutane an haye su tare da nau'ikan doki mai tsabta don tsauni mafi tsayi. Ana amfani da dawakan Marwari don yin wasan polo, suna shiga cikin bukukuwa daban-daban, bukukuwan aure da raye-rayen Indiya.