Marlin ba takamaiman kifi ba ne, amma dangin kifi ne da ke rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai tsananin zafi da yanayin Tekun Atlantika, ɓangaren yamma.
Shahararrun nau'ikan marlin sune shrin farin ruwan shayi, mafi girma akan ɗaukacin marlin. Tsawon kifin manya zai iya kaiwa mita 3, kuma nauyi kusan 800 kg. Akwai irin wannan nau'in marlin kamar yadda aka ɗaura marlin, fasalinsa shine rarrabe mai ratsa jiki (jikin calorizator). Haka kuma akwai nau'ikan launin fata da fari. Jikin wadannan nau'in kifayen suna canza launin daidai da haka.
Duba bayanin
Marlin kifi shine babban wakilin dangin marlin. Abubuwan rarrabe na wannan mazaunin ruwa mai ruwa hanci ne mai tsawo mai tsawo da kuma fin ƙarewar ƙage. Bugu da kari, kifin yana da jiki mai laushi a bangarorin, wanda ya bashi damar haɓaka saurin har zuwa 100 km / h.
Marlin yana haɓaka haɓaka mai sauri yayin farautar ƙaramin kifi, tunda shi maƙiyin ƙasa ne. Akwai ƙananan aljihuna a jikin kifin, inda yake ɓoye ƙusoshinsa yayin farauta - kusan ba zai yiwu ba "tserewa" daga gare shi a wannan lokacin.
Lokacin rayuwar mutane daban-daban ya bambanta. Maza za su rayu kawai shekara 18 da haihuwa, yayin da matsakaicin rayuwar rayuwar mace yake Shekaru 27 da haihuwa. Yawan nauyin maza da na mata ya sha bamban - a karo na biyu, kusan kusan sau 2 kenan. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa cewa marlins suna jagorantar ware rayuwa - za su iya tattarawa cikin garken kawai a lokacin ɓarna.
Abubuwan waje
Blueasarin ruwan shayin Atlantika, aka "shuɗin marlin", wanda ke nufin "gajere dagger" a cikin Hellenanci, ya kasance ne bisa ga umarnin gidan ɗan adam mai fasalin gilashi, asalin halittar kifi mai haske.
Duk nau'ikan marlin suna da tsarin jiki iri ɗaya - bambance-bambance ana iya ganin su a launi da sifar ƙeƙe. Na kowa sune:
- a tsaye jiki
- dogon muƙamuƙi mai siffa sama, wanda yake 20% dukkan tsawon tsayin jiki,
- wutsiya mara taɗi
- dorsal fin
- mai haske mai kyau mai launi.
Mata suna da girma koyaushe kuma suna iya kaiwa mita 5 a tsayi kuma 500 kilogiram a cikin taro, yayin da namiji ya yi girma sau 3-4 sau ƙasa, mai nauyin nauyin 160-200. A cewar bayanan da ba abin dogaro ba, an kama wata mace mai nauyin kilo 820, amma ba a yi bayanan da ke bisa hukuma ba.
Akwai ƙege biyu a bayan marlin, na farko yana da haskoki 39-43, na biyu yana da haskoki 6-7. Baya na baya yawanci duhu ne mai shuɗi ko shuɗi tare da raɗaɗi mai duhu, ciki da gefenta suna da azurfa. Launi yana canzawa ya danganta da yanayin tunanin kifin, alal misali, lokacin farauta, ana fentin baya a cikin launin shuɗi mai haske, kuma a lokacin hutawa yana da shuɗi mai duhu. Insansun su masu duhu launin ruwan kasa.
A saman duk jikin jikin akwai ma'aunin nauyi. A kan muƙamuƙin da ke da mashin akwai ƙananan hakora mai kaifi mai kama da fayil. Mashin yana da daɗewa, akwai lokuta idan jirgin ruwan jirgi ya yi karo da kwale-kwalen kuma ya soke fata ta hanyar.
Iri da bambance-bambancensu
Kamar kowane kifi, marlin yana da nasa nau'ikan, dan kadan daban-daban a sifar fin da inuwa na Sikeli. Ka'idar farauta da salon rayuwar su iri daya ne, su ma abubuwan ci ne, naman su kuma yana cikin buƙatu na musamman a gidajen abinci a ƙasashe da yawa.
- Black marlin ne mai girma daga cikin iyali. Farancin baƙi masu launin fata basu da sassauya, fin ɗin na farko yana da tsayi da haskoki, na biyu yayi ƙanana da ƙarami a girma. Wutsiyar tana da sikila, mai laushi. Launi launin shuɗi ne mai duhu, kusa da baki, ciki azurfa ne. Girman giant ɗin ya ba shi damar nutsewa zuwa zurfin kilomita biyu tare da zazzabi na 15.
- Marlin mai kwance ya bambanta da danginsa ba kawai a takamaiman launinsa ba, har ma da girman hanci. Kifi mai matsakaici-girma ya kai kilogiram 500, yana da ƙarancinsa mara nauyi kuma mafi launuka daban-daban: baya yana da shuɗi, mai laushi tare da layi mai haske, a kan azurfar azurfan suna shuɗi.
- Maɗaukaki masu launin shuɗi, ko shuɗi, suna da ikon canza abin farauta yayin farauta. A baya duhu ne mai shuɗi tare da ratsin halaye, ciki shine azurfa, ƙasan take duhu, dogaye, sassauƙa, matatar mai a cikin wani ɗaki na musamman akan bayan.
Dukkan nau'ikan jinsin ne na ainihi, saboda takamaiman tsarin jikinsu da sauri suna samun saurin saurin motsawa, nau'in iyo kuma yayi kama da kifin shark.
Habitat
Marlins kifi ne guda ɗaya kuma ba wuya yana cikin garken fiye da mutane 3-4. Sun fi son farauta a saman ruwa a cikin teku - don kifi, da squid.
Babban mazauninsu shine Tekun Atlantika, ruwanta mai tsananin zafi da yanayin nesa nesa da bakin tekun, amma wasu mutane zasu iya iyo cikin ruwa mara zurfi da kuma yankin yanki. Kifi kifi ba sa iyo cikin ruwa mai yanayin zafi ƙasa da digiri 23 kuma ya zurfin mita 50, kodayake, bisa ga wasu maɓuɓɓuka, marlin na iya nitse har zurfin zurfin mita 1800.
Marlins kifi ne guda ɗaya kuma da wuya yana gangara cikin garken mutane sama da 3-4
Yana iya ɗaukar saurin kilomita 100 / h, a cikin wannan an taimaka masa ta hanyar da aka ɗora daga gefensa da fin din dorsal a cikin jirgi, wanda ke ɓoye cikin ɓacin rai na musamman akan bayan baya.
Yana farauta musamman a babban saurin, harba kifayen da mashin - madaidaiciyar muƙamula, sama da jiragen ruwa da ƙananan jiragen ruwa saboda sha'awa da nishaɗi.
Tushen abinci
Kasancewa mafarauta ta dabi'a, kifin marlin shuɗi mai launin fata a mackerel, tuna, kifi mai tashi, da kuma lokaci-lokaci squid da cephalopods. Ganin makarantar kifin, jirgin ruwan teku yana hanzartawa da kai hari, yana ɗaukar abin da ya firgita a kan mashinsa ko ya hadiye shi a hanya. Ruwa wanda ya shiga cikin bakin yayin farauta yana wucewa ta cikin abubuwan, yana wadatar da jiki tare da iskar oxygen tare da bawa mai karfi makamashi.
Ana zaton lokacin cin abincin Mackerel babban biki ne.Sannan waɗannan wuraren suna zazzafan hakoran tare da ray-fin da sauran kifayen da suke yankewa.
Bayanan Ban sha'awa
Girman Tekun Atlantika shine mafi girman kifin ƙasusuwa kuma kusan ba shi da abokan gaba, kaɗan kalilai ne su kai hari ga kifayen 2-5.
M, nama mai mahimmanci, har ma da girman girman rikodin, suna tilasta masunta da yawa don hadarin kamun kifi, amma bayan zaman hoto, yawancin kwastomomin da aka kama an sake su a cikin teku. Akwai jita-jita da yawa da tatsuniyoyi game da manyan kifayen, ga wasu daga cikinsu:
- Yaƙi tare da marlin ɗaya na iya wuce fiye da awanni 30. A cikin begen kawar da kayan, kifayen na iyo da sauri sosai ko kuma ya kai zurfin har sai ya gaji ko ya tsage.
- An samo muƙamuƙin da ke da mashin a gindin jirgin ruwa guda ɗaya, yana huda murfin kuma lokacin farin itace mai itacen oak. Wannan gaskiyar tana nuna ƙarfi da saurin maƙiyin, da ƙarfin mashin.
- Kusa da bakin tekun Peru, an kama wani jirgin ruwa mai nauyin kilogram 700.
Merlin babban kifi ne na kasusuwa kuma kusan ba shi da abokan gaba.
Marlin iri, watse cikin ƙaramin garken, mutane da ake la'akari da shekaru 2-4 suna ɗaukar balaga. Dajin dabbar ta iya lalacewa a farkon kaka, bayan hadi, mace zata iya yin kwanciya sama da miliyan 7.
Matasa soya ana ɗaukar su daga yanzu zuwa sassa daban-daban na Tekun Atlantika, da yawa suna mutuwa sakamakon harin kifi mafi girma.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Marlin kifi, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya fi son zama kusa da saman ruwa kuma nesa daga gabar tekun. Lokacin motsawa, wannan kifin zai iya iyo da sauri, yayin da yake tsalle daga ruwa sau da yawa tsawan tsayi. Idan ka ɗauki kifin jirgin ruwan dako, zai sauƙaƙa zuwa saurin kilomita 100 / h, ko ma ƙari. Saboda haka, wakilan wannan nau'in suna cikin mafi saurin kifayen da suke rayuwa a duniyarmu.
Marlin kwatanci ne na yau da kullun kuma yana jagorantar yanayin rayuwa, yana wuce kilomita 75 a rana. Wakilan wannan dangi sun fi saurin yin ƙaura zuwa yanayi. A wannan lokacin, kifayen suna rufe dubban kilomita. Dangane da lurawar masana da yawa, motsi a cikin rukunin ruwan marlin ya yi kama sosai da motsin kifayen sharks.
Iri Marlin
Ga kowane nau'in marlin, fasalin fasalin halayyar mutum ne mai siffar jiki mai kama da jiki, mai kama da lance da kuma ƙarancin ƙarancin dorsal. An rarrabe nau'ikan marlin da ke gaba:
- Indo-Pacific Sailboat, wanda ke wakiltar halittar "Sailboats". Jirgin saman jirgin ruwa ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan marlin ta wurin babban fin dorsal na farko, wanda shine mafi kusancin jirgin ruwa. Wannan “jirgin ruwa” yana farawa ne kai tsaye daga sashin occipital kuma yana shimfiɗa sama da duka ƙarshen kifin. Halin baya yana nuna launin baki tare da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, bangarorin suna da tint iri ɗaya, amma a lokaci guda fentin launin ruwan kasa. Kamar yadda ya saba, ciki fari ne mai launin fari. A tarnaƙi kifayen zaka iya ganin shuɗi bakin launuka masu kauri. Tsawon kowane ɗayan matasa shine aƙalla 1 mita, kuma manya mutane kan yi girma zuwa mita 3 a tsayi kuma su sami nauyi har zuwa kilo 100, ko ma ƙari.
- Marlin baƙi. Abin sha’awa ne na kasuwanci, koda yake dubun dubun ne kawai ake kamawa a shekara. Wannan nau'in kuma yana da sha'awar wasanni da kamun kifi. A cikin farin marlin baƙar fata, kullun, kodayake ba jiki mai ɗaukar nauyi ba ne, an rufe shi da ingantattun sikeli. Babu wata babbar fa'ida a tsakanin ƙashin ƙyallen, sai a fin fin ƙyallen kamar wata ne. Launi na baya launin shuɗi ne mai shuɗi, kuma bangarorin da ciki farin-fararen fata ne. A jikin tsofaffi, babu wuraren gurbataccen halaye, gami da rariyoyi. Mutanen da suka manyanta suna girma zuwa tsawon kusan mita 5, tare da nauyin jikinsu ya kai kilo 750.
- Yankin Yammacin Tekun Atlantika ko eraramin Spearman yana wakiltar HALITTAR "Spearmen". Jikin wannan kifin yana da ƙarfin gaske, yana da daɗaɗa shi sosai, kuma yana daɗaɗawa daga ɓangarorin. Bugu da kari, tana da mashi mai tsayi da bakin ciki, zagaye a sashin giciye. Fushin ventral na bakin ciki ne, tsawon sa iri ɗaya ne ko dan ƙara tsayi, idan aka kwatanta shi da ƙyallen pectoral, wanda shima zai ɓoye cikin damuwa a ciki. Launi na baya duhu duhu ne, tare da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, kuma launi na tarnaƙi fararen fata ne, tare da kasancewar wuraren da aka shirya launin ruwan kasa da ka. Launin ciki launin farar fata ne. Lanan ƙananan lancers suna girma zuwa mita 2.5 a tsayi, yayin da nauyinsu bai wuce kilo 60 ba.
Bayan wadannan nau'o'in, akwai kuma mai dauke da mashin kai da gajeren zango ko kuma mashin gajeren zango, mai dutsen mashin ko kuma mashin dutsen Bahar Rum, mai kawo mashin Turai ta Kudu ko kuma mashin dutsen mashin na Arewacin Afirka.
Ciki har da farar fata farar mashin Atlanta ko farin farin farin Atlantika, daskararren mashin mai jigilar kayayyaki ko taguwar ruwa, ruwan jigilar ruwa na bakin ruwa mai launin shuɗi, ko kuma jirgin ruwan Atlantika.
Mahalli na zahiri
Gidan marlin ya ƙunshi manyan jigo uku da ɗimbin yawa daban daban waɗanda ke rayuwa a rayuwa. Saurin kamun kifi ya zama ruwan dare a cikin ruwan Teku, Bahar Rum da Tekun Bahar Maliya. A lokaci guda, suna ratsa tekun Bahar Rum ta hanyar Suez Canal, bayan wannan sauƙin suna bayyana a cikin Bahar Maliya.
Ana ɗaukar launin ruwan shuɗi a matsayin wakilan wurare masu zafi na yanayin tekun Atlantika. Babban yankin su wakilcin sashen yamma ne. Black marlin ruwan fata sun gwammace ruwan tekun Pacific da kuma tekun Indiya da ke yankin yankin bakin teku. Musamman yawancinsu a cikin ruwa na gabashin China da Coral Seas.
Spearmen suna cikin kifayen teku teku na pelagic wanda ke jagorantar rayuwa daban, kodayake wasu lokuta suna samar da groupsan ƙungiyoyi, waɗanda suka haɗa kifaye iri ɗaya. Wannan nau'in ya fi son bude ruwa, tare da zurfin har zuwa mita 200 da tsarin zafin jiki na kimanin +26 digiri.
Marlin abinci
Duk nau'ikan marlin sune tsararrun maganan abinci wanda abincinsa ya haɗa da wasu nau'in kifaye, squid da crustaceans. A cikin yankin ruwan Malesiya, tushen abincin abincin marlin shine matattarar dabbobi, da ire-iren nau'ikan maskerel na doki, kifi mai tashi, da kuma squids.
Tushen abinci mai saurin jirgi ba babban kifi bane wanda ke zaune a saman ruwa, gami da sardines, anchovies, mackerel da mackerel, har da crustaceans da cephalopods. Atheran bakin ruwa na bakin ruwa na bakin teku na Atlanta da ke bakin teku da yawa sun fi son cin zooplankton, kazalika da caviar da larvae na nau'ikan kifi. Manya suna cin kifi, haka kuma squid. A cikin ruwan murjani, shuɗin marlin shuɗi yadace akan ƙananan kifayen bakin teku.
Mashinan Yammacin Tekun Atlantika suna farautar kifaye da dabbobin ruwa a cikin manyan hanyoyin ruwa, kuma abincinsu ya bambanta. A cikin kudanci na tekun Caribbean, abincinsu ya haɗa da herring da Rum na tsawon lokaci. A cikin ruwan yammacin yamma na Tekun Atlantika, tushen abincin shine cinikin tekun Atlantika, mackerel maciji da kuma cephalopods na nau'ikan daban-daban.
Maharbi, masu wakiltar arewacin teku ne da kuma yankuna na tekun Atlantika, galibi suna ciyar da kifayen da kifayen bakin teku. Har zuwa nau'ikan kifaye 12 da aka samo a cikin ciki na marlins da aka kama.
Cutarwa daga amfani
Akwai wasu dalilai da yawa da yasa marlin naman zai iya cutar da jikin mutum. Za a gabatar da manyan abubuwan da ke ƙasa:
- Kasancewar samarda abubuwan saurin motsa jiki. Sakamakon watsiwar masana'antu, yawancin kifin marine, ciki har da marlin, suna dauke da sinadarin Mercury a jikinsu. Kuma, kamar yadda ka sani, guba ce mai ƙarfi da zata iya kashe mutum.
- Marlin- ƙarfi mai ƙwayar cuta. Mutanensa suna da ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna iya haifar da mummunan rashin lafiyar a cikin mutane da yawa. Ko da tare da ingantaccen magani mai zafi, koyaushe ba zai yiwu a cire duk magungunan antigens daga kifin - abubuwan da ke haifar da dauki ba.
- Kasancewar abubuwa masu guba. Kifi na teku yana kan wuri na farko cikin jerin samfuran samfuran abubuwa masu guba. Cin naman marlin, mutum yana haɗarin cinye sharar gida daga dabbobi da wasu abubuwan guba.
- Kwayoyin cuta. Kowa ya san cewa lokacin cin kifaye akwai haɗarin cutar tsutsotsi. Su, bi da bi, za su kasance cikin rashin jituwa a cikin jikin mutum, kuma suna motsa ɗanɗano. Ta hanyar cinye ƙarin abinci, mutum zai ciyar da kansa ba kawai, har ma da kwayan fata a jikinsa.
- Mai haɗarin kamuwa da cuta. A cikin naman marlin, ana samun sauƙin kamuwa da kwayar cuta mai haɗari sau da yawa wanda zai iya shafar lafiyar ɗan adam.
- Yiwuwar guba. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, mutane suna lalata da kifayen waɗanda suke iya kamuwa da su don kulawa da kyau, adana mara kyau da shirye-shiryen. Misali, idan aka adana mutum a zafin da bai dace ba (sama da yan 18) ko mai dafa ya shirya ba tare da safofin hannu ba.
Hanyar dafa abinci
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yin marlin. Yanzu mutum biyu da suka fi fice a cikinsu za a yi la’akari da su:
- Hanyar lamba 1. Da farko, kuna buƙatar yanke fillet ɗin kifin a cikin ƙananan steaks, game da kauri 2 cm. Bayan haka, ya kamata a sanya kifin sannan a bar shi ya tsaya na kimanin awa ɗaya. Bayan haka, albasa da tafarnuwa suna yankakken yankakken, sai a yanyanka cikin kwanon rufi. Kusa da su an kara ruwa (kofuna 3), a yanka tare da zaituni, cuku da kirim. Yakaran ya kamata miya ya bushe na kimanin mintuna 5, bayan haka ana iya cire shi daga murhun. Kuma kawai mataki na ƙarshe shine roƙon ɓarnar da kansu. A ƙarshe, kuna buƙatar sanya su a kan farantin karfe, sannan ku zuba kan miya da aka shirya a baya.
- Hanyar lamba 2. Ana kiran wannan girke-girke na Hawaiian. Wannan yana nufin cewa kifayen ba za a dafa shi ba. Don dafa abinci, kuna buƙatar yanke kifin a cikin steaks, sannan ku haɗa shi da albasa da barkono. Sannan ana hada sesame, soya miya, mai, gishiri da sukari a ciki ana ɗanɗana shi.A ƙarshe, an sanya kifi a cikin firiji na kimanin awanni 2, bayan wannan ana iya ba da shi.