Babban giwa na trogonterium (Mammuthus trogontherii), wanda kuma ake kira da steppe mammoth, ya rayu shekaru miliyan 1.5 - 0.2 da suka gabata, kuma sababbin giwayen trogonterium sun zauna tare da mammoth. Giwar Trogonterium, mammoth, kamar giwayen zamani suna cikin wannan gidan giwayen. Mammoth da giwar dutsen trogonterium dangi ne na kusa, saboda mammoth sun fito ne daga giwayen trogonterium. Haka kuma, giwayen trogonterium, a fili, sune magabatan mammoth na Amurka.

Giwayen trogonterium shekaru miliyan 1.5 da suka gabata sun rayu a Arewacin Asiya, inda ba mai sanyi kamar yadda yake a yanzu, sannan daga wannan yankin suka bazu ko'ina cikin lardin Arewacin, har ma suka isa tsakiyar China da Spain.

Mammoth ya rayu a Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka - kuma bayan haka, a wancan zamani, an wanzu da jita jita a shafin Bering Strait, kuma ya wanzu da dadewa. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci (tsawon shekaru 30 - 30,000) shine ya rufe ta da girar dutsen ta Arctic garkuwa kuma, ban da tsuntsayen, babu wanda zai iya shiga Amurka da dawowa. Lokacin da glacier ya narke, hanyar ta buɗe don sauran abubuwa masu rai. A farkon zamanin tsakiyar Pleistocene (fiye da shekaru dubu 500 da suka wuce), magabatan mammoth - giwayen trogonterium, da alama sun shiga Arewacin Amurka, sun sauka a can kuma mammoth na Amurka ya fito daga gare su. Wannan reshe ne daban na giwayen mammothoid. Suna na kimiyya shine mammoth na Colombia (Mammuthus columbi). Daga baya, a cikin marigayi Pleistocene epoch (shekaru dubu 70 da suka gabata), mammoth kanta (mammoth –Mammuthus primigenius) shima ya shigo Arewacin Amurka daga Siberiya, kuma dukkan nau'in mammoth na Amurka sun zauna tare.

Ragowar mammoth ya ba da damar sanin abin da ya yi rayuwa, abin da ya ci, abin da mammoth ba shi da lafiya. Kasusuwa na dabbobi masu shayarwa sune "matrix" wanda akan sa halayen girma, cututtuka, shekaru daban-daban, raunin da dai sauransu. Misali, a kasusuwa na mammoth mams daga wurin Sevsk (yankin Bryansk) an gano cewa mammoth a lokacin haihuwa sun kasance 35-40% karami kamar yadda 'yan giwayen zamani suke, amma a farkon watanni na 6-8 sun girma da sauri har suka fyauce 'Ya'yan danginsu na zamani. Daga nan girma ya sake sauka. Wannan yana nuna cewa a cikin hunturu, wanda kawai aka fara a 6-7th watan rayuwar jariri mammoth, ya ci abinci mafi muni, mahaifiyarsa ba ta iya ciyar da shi da madara. Saboda haka, mammoth ta fara cin abinci iri ɗaya kamar manya. Kauda hakoran dabbobi masu shayarwa sun tabbatar da wannan. A cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa, hakoran farkon farawa sun fara gajiya da tsufa fiye da na giwayen matasa.

Wata rukunin dabbobi masu mammoth daga Sevsk da alama wataƙila sun mutu sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa mai ƙarfi wanda ya katse fitowar su daga kwarin kogin, kuma wannan ya faru ne a farkon bazara. Abun ajiya na kogin, wanda akwai kasusuwa, ya nuna yadda a hankali ƙarfin halin yanzu ya raunana kuma a ƙarshe wurin da gawawwakin mammoth suka kasance, ya fara zama tsohuwar mace, sannan kuma a cikin fadama.

Abubuwa masu rai an haife su, sun girma kuma suna mutuwa. Idan babu abin da ya faru da yanayin, keɓaɓɓun tsararraki suna nasara da juna, kowace shekara, ƙarni bayan karni. Amma idan wani abu ya canza, yana yin sanyi ko akasi mai tsananin zafi, rayayyun halittu ko dai su dace da wadannan canje-canje ko kuma su mutu. Karewar abubuwa masu rai sakamakon bala'i abune mai matukar wuya. Kasancewar ɗaya ko wata ƙungiyar halittu masu rai masu rai sun ƙare saboda dalilai daban-daban.

Dalilan kauda mammoth masu nasaba da canjin yanayi. Rami da mammoth da wani mutum sun zauna a Filin Rasha, a gefe guda sama da shekaru dubu 30, kuma ba a sami wani kisan gilla ba. Sai kawai bayan canjin yanayi ya fara a ƙarshen Pleistocene lokacin mammoth ya mutu. Yanzu zaton cewa babbar hanyar kasusuwa na mammoth daga wuraren Paleolithic ba sakamakon farauta ba ne, amma yanayin tattara kasusuwan mammoth daga wurare na zahiri, yana ta yadu. An buƙaci waɗannan ƙasusuwa a matsayin albarkatun ƙasa don kera kayan aikin da ƙari mai yawa. Tabbas, mutum ya nemi mammoth, amma babu wata kabila da zata shiga cikin farauta ta musamman. Ilimin halittar mammoth irin wannan ne wanda ba zai iya zama tushen rayuwar ɗan adam ba, babban nau'in kasuwanci shine dawakai, bison, reindeer da sauran dabbobin da ke cikin kankara.

Kakanninmu sun nemi farauta, saboda magabatan mutane sun ƙi ciyar da ciyawa sama da miliyan uku da suka gabata - wannan ba hanyar kirkirar halitta ba ce. Amma Australopithecus sun tafi ta wannan hanyar kuma a cikin savannah na Afirka sun yi kiwo a cikin ciyayi tare da tsoffin birai - geladas da dubura, amma sun ƙare lokacin da yanayin Afirka ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa.

Domin mutum ya ci wani, dole ne a fara kama shi. Tsohon mutumin yana da na'urar kawai guda ɗaya don wannan - kwakwalwarsa. Ta amfani da wannan "kayan aiki", mutum ya inganta kayan aikin farauta da dabarun farauta a hankali. Idan ba tare da kayan aiki da makamai ba, mutum bashi da damar kama wata dabba. Tarihin humanan Adam yana da tsawo kuma yana nuna cewa ba koyaushe ba zai yiwu a sami nasarar samun abincin kansa. Ee, dole ne mu yarda cewa mutanen zamanin da sun ci gawawwakin dabbobi, aƙalla a farkon farkon tarihin mutane, gami da mammoth.

Waɗannan dabbobin mammoth m

Mutum ya kasance koyaushe kuma zai kasance da sha'awar abin da duniyarmu ta kasance a zamanin da, abin da tsire-tsire suka girma a kai, abin da dabbobi ke rayuwa da faɗaɗɗinta.

Mammoth kasance da girma sosai!

Ta hanyar binciken rabe-raben dabbobi masu yawa, masana kimiyya sun gano wanzuwar dabbobi masu ban al'ajabi waɗanda suka rayu a duniya shekaru miliyan 2 da suka gabata.

An dawo dasu daga kwarangwal da kasusuwa, waɗannan manyan dabbobi, kusan 6 m girma da nauyin tan 12, suna sa tsoro. Fuskokin su, sun lanƙwasa har tsawon 4 m, sun yi kama da barazanar.

A zahiri, duk da girman su, waɗannan dabbobin ba su da lahani, kamar yadda suke cin abincin tsirrai ɗaya. Don niƙa wannan abincin mai ƙarancin yanayi, yanayi ya ba dabbar tare da tsarin haƙori na musamman a cikin faranti da yawa na bakin ciki.

Su wanene mammoth

Shin ka taɓa tunanin wanene wannan? Tabbas, waɗannan mammoth ne. Dogon tarihi na giwaye na zamani, sun rayu a kusan dukkanin nahiyoyi - Arewacin Amurka, Afirka, Eurasia. Amma kodayake mammoth suna kama da giwaye, sunada girma sau biyu kamar yadda suka girma a yau - giwayen Afirka.

Ciyar da mammoth a cikin kayan tarihi

Daga cikin alamun waje, ban da girman jiki da manyan hakora, har yanzu gajerun kafafu da dogon gashi halaye ne.

Ofaya daga cikin nau'in halittun mammoth da suka rayu a Siberiya shekaru 300 da suka wuce ana kiranta da ulu.

Duk Labarin Mmoth Woolly

Mayafinsa mai kauri ne da kusan tsawon m 1 A bayyane yake cewa a koyaushe ta kan makale a rataye da kayan mashaya. Jirgin ruwan sanyi ya hana dabbar daskarewa a cikin hunturu.

Lokacin farin ciki mai kauri na 10 cm a karkashin fata yayi aiki iri ɗaya. Launin rigan ya kasance mafi duhu launin ruwan kasa ko baƙi. Kodayake gashin da ya rage ya kasance mai launin ja da launi, amma masana kimiyya sun yarda cewa kawai ya lalace.

Ruwa mai shaye-shaye ba su da girma kamar kowane nau'in halitta. Kuma sun kasance na ƙarshe na ƙarshen duniya.

Ya yiwu a tsayar da cewa salon rayuwar mammoth iri daya ne da giwayen. Sun zauna a rukuni. A cikin sa sun kasance mafi yawan lokuta mammoths 9 na shekaru daban-daban. Matar ta ba da umarnin komai, wato, waɗannan dabbobin suna da gado. Maza sun zauna dabam tare da rukunin.

Mamma na haƙori. A kanta akwai ingantattun tsummoki, faranti, fannoni ne na hakoran dabbobi masu shayarwa

Babban abincin su shine ciyawa. Amma kuma sun ci rassan bishiyoyi masu lalacewa iri iri har ma da itatuwan Pine. An kafa wannan ne bayan bincika abubuwan da ke cikin mammoth na ciki wanda aka samo a Kogin Indigirka.

Gabaɗaya, galibi ana samun gawawwakinsu a Siberiya. An samo gawa mafi girma a yankin Novosibirsk. An binne ƙasusuwan mutane 1,500 a ƙarƙashin ƙasa!

Mutane da yawa an riga an sarrafa ƙasusuwa da mutane. Wannan yana nuna cewa mammoth ƙas andsuwa da kirtani sun daɗe suna amfani da mutane a cikin bukatunsu.

A zamanin yau, mamoth tusk abu ne mai mahimmanci don kera kayayyaki masu tsada da kyawawan kayayyaki, jaka, kwalliya, kyawawan mundaye, crests da sauran kayan gado da kayan ado. Harshen makami mara izini kuma masu tarin yawa suna yaba su.

Me yasa mammoth ya mutu waje

Sun ambaci dalilai biyu na bacewar mammoths.

• Na farko shine kawai mutane sun lalata su saboda abinci.
• Na biyu shine sanyayawar duniya. Itatuwan ciyawar da mammoth ke ci a kai, saboda haka, dabbobin sun mutu.

Har yanzu ba zai yiwu a tsayar da ainihin dalilai ba, saboda haka, sauran, wasu lokuta m, an gabatar da juyi a gaba.

An kiyaye ragowar mammoth da kyau saboda yawancin gidajen tarihi suna ɗauke da dabbobi masu girman-rai. Misali, a cikin gidan adana kayan tarihin dabbobi na Cibiyar Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha akwai daya daga cikin irin wadannan nunin. Da alama yana shirin tayar da wata babbar paw ya motsa.

A cikin garin Khanty-Mansiysk, wanda shine babban birnin Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Ugra, kusa da ɗayan tuddai, an kirkiro gidan kayan tarihin dabbobi na d called a da ake kira "Archeopark". A cikin sararin sama akwai abubuwan rubutu na dabbobi na d in a cike.

Daga cikinsu akwai masu shayarwa. Daga nesa, dabbobi manya da dabbobi masu shayarwa 11 suna kama da rai, kamar dai sun fito ne daga tsohuwar tsohuwar taiga.

Dabbobin daji masu mambobi a Khanty-Mansiysk

Yawancin yawon bude ido suna zuwa don yin sha'awar waɗannan kyawawan dabbobin.

Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.