Alligator da crocodile suna cikin tsoffin mazaunan duniyarmu. Sune sun girmi dinosaur. Abubuwa masu rarrafe, a cewar masana kimiyya, sun bayyana ne a duniya kimanin shekaru miliyan 200 da suka gabata. A kan aiwatar da juyin halitta, bayyanar wadannan halittu masu rarrafe basu canza ba. Zuwa yau, dangi mai rarrafe yana da nau'ikan 20.

Ya kamata a sani cewa ga yawancin mazaunan, duk masu rarrafe sune “a fuska daya”: mutane kalilan ne suka san yadda aya ya bambanta da mai rarrafe. Idan kun kasance ɗayansu, kuma kuna da sha'awar wannan tambayar, to, wannan labarin naka ne.

Dukkanin kawancen kadaici da khalifa, tare da danginsu - gavials da caimans, suna cikin tawagar Crocodylia. An rarrabe su ta hanyar nau'ikan fusus, garkuwar kariya ta garkuwa mai ban tsoro, babban jaws tare da hakora masu yawa. Duk macen ta zauna a yankuna masu yanayin zafi. Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe galibi ana kasu gida uku ne, kodayake akwai nau'ikan daban. Don haka, kada, kadaici da cayman shine babban iyalai, kuma izinin Indiya ɗan adam ne daban. Duk da kamanceceniyar waje, nau'ikan sun banbanta da juna girmansu. Yi hukunci da kanku: tsawon jiki a cikin mutane daban-daban ya bambanta daga mita 1.5 zuwa 7. Kamar yadda kake gani, watsarwar tayi mahimmanci.

Mene ne bambanci tsakanin kada da mai siye?

Duk da shahararsa, wannan tambayar ba daidai take ba. Zai fi dacewa a faɗi shi kaɗan: ta yaya alligators ya bambanta da sauran crocodiles? Wannan kirkirar gaskiya ce mafi gaskiya, saboda alligators wata halitta ce ta daban da ke tattare da kada. Bayan gano abin tambaya, lokaci yayi da zakuci gaba da kwatankwacin wadannan magabatan. Bayan duk wannan, bambance-bambance suna zama ba wai kawai a alamu na zahiri ba, har ma a cikin yanayin da ƙawancen ke zaune da kada. Bambanci tsakanin abubuwan da aka ambata masu rarrafe yana da matukar muhimmanci. Babban bambanci shine siffar kai. A kan wannan an fi sauƙi a lura da bambanci. Farkon alligator yafi zagaye, a sifar sa yayi kama da harafin turanci "U". Kuma macijin ya yi kaifi kuma yayi kama da harafin "V". Bambanci na gaba wanda shine “bugu” na jaws lokacin da suke rufe. A cikin alligator, babban muƙamuƙi babba ya fi fadi ƙarfi da ƙananan. Wannan yana haifar da cikakkiyar rufin ƙasa lokacin rufewa. Kuma sauro zai ga hakoran tsokoki biyu. Fanan ƙananan kwalliyar ta shahara musamman. Bambanci na uku shine launi na fata. A cikin crocodiles, jiki gaba daya an rufe shi da wasu kananan baƙaƙe baƙi waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin “firikwensin motsi”. Haka ne, i, yana tare da taimakon wannan tsarin fasalin suna kama motsi na samarwa. Ga alligators, “firikwensin” suna kusa da kashin. Alamar mai zuwa zata iya zama amsa ga sananniyar tambaya ta biyu: "Wanene yafi - kada ko sihiri?" Tsawon tsayin jikin mutum yayi ƙasa da na sauran wakilan ayyukan tsararru.

Habitat

Za mu ci gaba da yin la’akari da yadda kada ya bambanta da mai rarrafe. Habitat abu ne mai mahimmanci, kuma ba kawai don kwatanta waɗannan iyalai ba (har ma da ƙari akan wancan daga baya). Don haka, alligators na kowa ne kawai a cikin ruwa mai kyau na China da Arewacin Amurka, a wasu sassan duniya zaka iya ganin karnuka da dabbobin teku kawai. Kyakyata, a hanya, na iya rayuwa cikin ruwa mai gishiri da gishiri. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa suna da glandon na musamman a cikin bakinsu waɗanda ke cire gishiri mai yawa.

A kowace rana ana samun raguwar mazaunin waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe. Wannan lamari babu makawa zai sanya karnukan macizan a gefen gowar. Ya shafi duka Kudancin Amurka da Kudu maso Gabas Asiya. Bayan haka, gina madatsun ruwa da gina hanyoyin ruwa suna haifar da illa ga daji. Sakamakon faduwar daji, matakin hazo yana raguwa, a sakamakon haka, wuraren da aka sami ragowa inda aka sami karuwanci. Kawar da dabbobi masu rarrafe abu ne mai matukar tayar da hankali, ba wai kawai saboda gaba daya jinsin za su bace ba, har ma saboda daidaituwar yanayin rayuwar wadannan yankuna zai tarwatse. Misali, a cikin Florida, a cikin Tsararren Yanayi na Everglades, alligators suna ciyarwa da jirgi mai daskarewa tare da sikelin bariki. Latterarshe, da yake rasa maƙiyinsa na zahiri, na iya lalata cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci duk sharar gida da ɓarna. Bugu da kari, alligators suna taimakawa sauran dabbobin suyi rayuwa yayin fari. Sun tono ramuka, ta hakan ne suke samar da kananan wuraren ajiya wanda kifi ya sami mafaka, da dabbobi masu shayarwa - tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu rarrafe - wurin shayarwa.

Halaye

La'akari da tambaya game da yadda kada ya bambanta da mai rarrafe, mutum ba zai iya taimakawa ba sai dai in tuno da halayensu, kuma mafi daidaituwa, halayensu. Wane irin halayyar ne za a fara tunawa lokacin da aka ambaci waɗannan masu farautar? Wannan daidai ne, tashin hankali. Akwai ra’ayi cewa alligator ba shi da karancin jini kamar kada. A gefe guda, ya kamata a fahimci cewa duk wannan yana da dangantaka. Bayan haka, babu daya daga cikin wadannan halittu masu rarrafe da bazai kwato ganima daga hakorarsu ba idan suka sami nasarar kama wanda aka kama. Kuma dukda cewa babu wanda yayi kokarin kiran halittu masu rarrafe, duk da haka su 'yan dabaru ne idan aka kwatanta da karnukan, wanda yakai nisan mita 7 kuma yayi nauyi fiye da tan. Wadannan dodanni, musamman kogin Nilu, suna farautar manyan dabbobi ba kawai, har ma da mutane.

Babban bambance-bambance tsakanin kada da mai rarrafe

Caiyoyin daji kuma alligators wasu daga cikin masu haɗari masu haɗari masu haɗari. Jujiyoyinsu na iya haifar da cutarwa ga mutane. Fiye da hare-hare 1000 akan mutane ana yin rikodin su kowace shekara. Saboda yawan mazauninsu, an san su a ko'ina cikin duniya. Godiya ga iyawar su da kuma tsarin halittar jikinsu, sun sami damar tsira daga dinosaur, saboda jinsinsu ya kasance sama da shekaru miliyan 80.

Yankakkun bakin haure da rayayyun halittar gwanaye sun fito ne daga rayayyun giza-gizan (wani gungun dabbobi masu rarrafe jini ne). Daga wannan rukunin, dinosaurs, pterosaurs, da sauransu, sun sami asalinsu. Dukkan kujerun macizai da masu ba da izini duk suna cikin manyan tsuntsayen, wanda ke nufin cewa abincinsu galibi ya ƙunshi nama ne mai laushi. Suna kama duk wanda ke motsawa da wanda zasu iya bi da shi.

A ambaton wani baƙon, mutane suna wakiltar bayyanar kada. Saboda kamanninsu, da yawa ba sa tunanin cewa waɗannan nau'ikan biyu ne. Don hana irin wannan kuskuren, wajibi ne don yanke hukunci menene banbanci tsakanin kada da mai rarrafe.

Abubuwan fasali

Kyakyawa da alligado suna da launi iri ɗaya na jiki - duhu, kusan baƙi. Wannan shi ne saboda babban taro na tannic acid a cikin ruwa. Launi na iya canzawa zuwa kore idan yawancin algae sun girma a cikin tafkin.

Kyakyawa ya bambanta da mai rarrafe ta hanyoyi da yawa na waje. Misali, sanannan an san su da "murmushinsu". Tare da muƙamula an rufe shi gaba ɗaya, ana yin shelan fanko na huɗu da ke ƙasa. Dambarwar tasu tana da ƙarewar ƙarshe, wacce tayi kama da harafin V. Alligators shima yana da gajeruwar gajeru kuma masu fa'ida, kuma manyann amuransu suna ɓoye.

Hakanan, crocodiles suna da gland na musamman waɗanda ke bautar da gishiri daga jiki. Godiya garesu, sanannen "hawaye masu hawaye" sun bayyana a cikin yakoki. Bayan haka, irin waɗannan gland ana zaune a cikin harshen dabbobi masu rarrafe.

Yankallan katako ya fi girma yawa. Idan babban kukan mutum ya isa mita 7, to mafi girman allurai ya kai 4 kawai.

Alamun waje

Abu na farko da ya fara kama idonka shine hakoran maciji. Tsarin muƙamuƙi a cikin waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe irin wannan ne wanda koda yake tare da rufe baki, hakora koyaushe suke fita waje. Tare da jaws jawur, haƙora na huɗu na musamman yana birgewa. Murfin kuncigaba, ko, kamar yadda akafi sani da shi, hancin, yana da sihiri V-siffar.

Yankallan katako bawai manyan karnuka bane, zasu iya kaiwa mita 7 a tsayi (karikokin teku). Yankuna suna da glandan gishiri wanda aka tsara don cire gishirin da aka tara daga jikin. Godiya ga aikinsu ne cewa “ingantaccen hawaye” ya tashi.

Habitat

Kwakwalwa, dangane da ayyukan ayyukan glandan gishirin, ana daidaita su da rayuwa a cikin ruwan gishiri. Gidajen saukakkun yawaye: Afirka, Asiya, Australia, Amurka. Zuwa yau, an san nau'ikan nau'ikannn miyau goma sha uku.

Da farko dai, an rarraba allurai a Australia, da sunan kogin Alligator ne suka sami sunan su. A yau, yawan alligators ƙanƙane ne, ba su da na kowa kamar yawu. Kuna iya haɗuwa da waɗannan abubuwa masu rarrafe a cikin ɗimbin ɗaruruwan Amurkan, har ma a Sin. Akwai nau'i biyu kawai na alligators: Mississippi da injinan Sin.

Rayuwa

Kuka-kuli suna ciyar da kowane abinci da zasu iya sarrafa shi, kifi ne, ƙanana ko manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Yacibiyoyi yakan farauta ne da daddare. Sukan yi ba tare da abinci na dogon lokaci ba, akwai wasu lokuta lokacin da kada ya zauna ba tare da abinci ba har shekara ɗaya da rabi. An sami irin wannan kuzarin rayuwa ne saboda shagunan mai, saboda sama da kashi 60% na abincin da masara ke ci yana shiga fitsarin mai.

'Yan baƙi na fi son cin kifi, amma wani lokacin ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa ma suna iya zuwa wurin abincinsu. Alligators suna tsayayya da yawan zafin jiki na saukad da rayuwa har ma lokacin da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ya faɗi ƙasa da sifiri. Idan zazzabi ya dawo al'ada, alligators sun koma yadda suka saba (nocturnal) salon rayuwarsu.

Habitat

Yankakkun yawo zai iya samun kwanciyar hankali a kusan dukkanin ƙasashe masu dumin yanayi. Ana samun su a Afirka, Japan, Guatemala, Bali da sauran ƙasashe masu ɗumi. Ba kamar danginsu ba, alligators ba ya yadu sosai a duniya. Da farko, mazaunin su shine Ostiraliya, a wannan lokacin ana iya samun wannan nau'in a Kudancin da Arewacin Amurka, da kuma a wasu yankuna na China.

Wani keɓantaccen fasalin karnuka shine kasancewar glandon solo. Godiya ga wannan tsari, crocodiles ya saba da rayuwa a cikin ruwan gishiri. Sun zauna kusa da bakin tekun kuma suna zama a hankali cikin ruwan teku. Dukkanin alligators, saboda ƙarancin ikon cire gishiri daga jiki, rayuwa kawai cikin ruwa mai tsabta.

Takaita

Daga dukkan abin da ke sama, zamu iya bambance fasalin babban fasalin karkara daga mai kada:

• Tsarin iskancin - a cikin crocodile yana da fasalin V kuma yana da halayyar "murmushi". Alligators suna da guntu da guntu,
• Cabilu ya fi girma iri ɗaya,
• Abincin Harora ya bambanta,
• Tsarin jikin karnuka yana da glandon gishiri na musamman wanda ke taimakawa cire gishiri mai yawa daga jiki,
• Gabar mazaunin yado ya fi na alligators ƙarfi,
• Karnukakan sun dace da zama cikin ruwan gishirin,
• A cikin duniya akwai nau'ikan crocodiles 13 da 2 alligators.

Duk da bambance-bambance da suka bambanta, karnuka da baƙi duk areabila ne masu haɗari. Idan kuna haɗuwa da su, bai kamata ku gwada yin la'akari da wanene yake a gabanka ba. Kula da amincin ku, da farko, sannan kawai ku kula da mai farautar.