Atlantic mackerel
Tsarin kimiyya

Bakin scombrus Linnaeus, 1758

Atlantic mackerel (lat. Scomber scombrus) - kifin dangin mackerel na tsarin mackerel. Matsakaicin tsayin jiki shine 60 cm, matsakaita shine cm 30. Jikin yana da sifa-sifa, an rufe shi da ƙananan sikelin cycloid. A baya launin shudi ne mai launin shuɗi-kore, tare da baki da yawa, rabe-rabe kaɗan. Bodyananan jikin da ciki fari ne. Babu mafitsara a iyo.

Mackerel yana da matukar kyau zuwa arewacin tekun Atlantika: a gefen gabashin gabas daga Iceland har zuwa tsibirin Canary, kazalika a cikin Baltic (har zuwa Gabar Finland), Arewa, Rum, Marmara, Black Teas, gefen gabar yamma - daga Labrador zuwa Cape Hatteras (North Carolina). An lura da ziyarar Mackerel lokacin ƙaura lokacin bazara a cikin Barents da White Teas. Ana samo shi da yawa a cikin Tekun Arewa daga Tashoshin Turanci zuwa Skagerrak da kuma gefen kudu maso yammacin tekun Ireland.

Ilimin halitta

Mackerel garken pelagic ne na kifin thermophilic. Swims da sauri (a cikin jefa - har zuwa 77 km / h). Ruwa na yau da kullun basu ƙunshi tasirin sauran kifaye (da wuya tare da herring) kuma sun ƙunshi mutane daidai-daida. Mackerel yana zaune a cikin zazzabi na 8 zuwa 20 ° C, wanda shine dalilin da yasa aka tilasta shi yin ƙaura na lokaci a cikin iyakar Amurka da Turai, kazalika tsakanin Marmara da Black Teas. Waɗannan ƙaura suna da yanayin ciyarwa (abincin mackerel ƙananan kifi ne da zooplankton).

Mackerel winters a zurfin 150-250 m tare da gangara na nahiyar shiryawa. A lokacin hunturu, ba ya aiki kuma baya cin abinci da yawa. A cikin bazara yana motsa kusa da gaba ga maɓuɓɓugar ruwa. Don haka maceniyar Bahar Maliya ta ci nasara da kuma kiwo a cikin Tekun Marmara. Taɓarɓarewar ta tana faruwa ne a farkon bazara, bayan wannan kuma mutane masu tsalle-tsalle suna tafiya zuwa cikin Bosphorus zuwa tekun Bahar Maliya. Babban aikin maskerel yana gudana daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni, yawanci tare da gabar Bulgaria da Rumana. Tsuntsaye suna zama a saman ruwa, yawanci kusa da saman, suna yin halayyar halayyar, kuma ana iya ganin su ta fili ta hanyar yaduwar ruwa da ruwan duhu, haka kuma ta hanyar tarawar masu cin kifaye - dabbobin ruwa, dabbobin ruwa, tuna, gulls. Juyin Juya Halin Baki zuwa Tekun Marmara yana farawa ne lokacin da ruwan zafin ya sauka zuwa + 10 ° C kuma ya ƙare a watan Disamba - Fabrairu, ƙaramin ɓangaren zai rage har zuwa lokacin hunturu a bakin iyakar Turkiyya da Caucasus.

Mackerel ya zama mai balaga yayin jima'i da shekaru 2-4; amintaccensa shine ƙwai dubu 350-500. Za a iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 17-18.

Kifin Mackerel

Amsar tambayar inda aka samo mackerel, zaku koya daga wannan labarin. Ya kasance a cikin tsari ne na zartarwa, wani bangare ne na dangin mackerel. Abin sha’awa, zagayarsa ba ta da alaƙa da tushe, don haka ana ɗaukarsa kifin ƙwal ne.

Wannan babban kifi ne sosai. Tsawonsa na iya kaiwa santimita 64. Matsakaicin mutum shine kimanin santimita 30. Jiki a cikin kamannin yayi kama da zirin, wanda aka rufe da ƙananan sikeli. Abin lura ne cewa mafitsara mai iyo, dole ne ga yawancin nau'in kifaye, na iya kasancewa ko a rashi a mackerel.

Zumunta na perch

Duk da cewa an dauki mackerel a matsayin kifi mai darajar gaske, kusancinsa kusanto ne. Sauran sunanta mackerel. Matsakaicin adadin mackerel zai iya kaiwa kilo biyu. Amma ƙananan samfuransa na iya zama ƙanana kaɗan, mai nauyin gram 300-350.

Kifin da aka sanya wannan labarin yana da launi na azaman launi, ajikinsa mai launin shuɗi ne, kuma ratsin duhu mai wucewa yana ratsa dukkan jikin. Mackerel yana da ƙarin ƙonewa, ban da daidaitattun pectoral da na bayan ɗage.

Kamar yadda yawancin mambobi ne na dan mackerel, za ta iya yin la’akari da zobe ƙasusuwa da ke kusa da idanun. Tana kuma da isasshen hancinsa, ƙananan hakoran masu fayel.

Tsarin Mackerel

Kwararru suna gano aƙalla manyan nau'ikan kifin guda huɗu. Mafi girma daga cikinsu yan Afirka ne. Ya kai girman mafi girma a tsakanin duk dangi.

Amma ƙarami ana ɗaukar Jafananci, ko mackerel mai shuɗi. Haka kuma akwai wasu nau'ikan kifin guda biyu - Australia da Atlantika.

Habitat

Don haka, ina mackerel yake. Mafi yawanci ta fi son zama a cikin teku, fiye ko commonasa da kowa a duk sassan duniya. Babu ita a cikin teku ɗaya kawai a duniyar tamu - Arctic.

Inda mackerel yin iyo, a matsayin mai mulkin, an shirya balaguro masu yawa don girbe shi. Daga tekun, kifin yana iyo a cikin kowane nau'in tekuna da ke gefensu. Don haka, inda aka samo kifayen mackerel, duk wanda ke sha'awar kasuwancin sa ya sani. Misali, akwai dayawa a cikin Tekun Bahar Maliya. Kuma kuma tana iyo a cikin kowane nau'ikan tekuna. Waɗannan Marmara ne, Baltic, Baki da sauransu da yawa. Yanzu kun san daidai inda ake samo mackerel.

Ana samun sa a duk faɗin duniya har ma yana yin iyo zuwa gabar Arewacin Amurka. Abinda yafi mahimmanci shine inda mackerel yake zaune yayin ƙaura lokacin bazara. Duwatsun wannan kifin suna shiga cikin Tekun Fasha da Barents. Da yawa daga cikinsu na tara kusa da tekun Irish, musamman ma kudu maso yammacin ƙasar.

Kamar yadda kake gani, wannan nau'in halitta ce mai gama gari. Don haka, don amsa tambaya game da inda mackerel yake zaune a Rasha, ya isa ya lissafa mafi yawan tekuna da akwai ruwan ƙasar Rasha. Af, Atlantic ko Far Far mackerel mafi yawanci yakan fadi a kan shelf na shagunan gida.

Daga wannan labarin, kun koya inda aka samo mackerel a Rasha.

Rayuwa

Inda mackerel yake zaune, kama-da-kullun suna da kyau saboda ya fi son yin iyo ba ƙarƙashin ƙasa ba, amma kusa da saman ruwa. Waɗannan mersan wasan ruwa na ban mamaki ne waɗanda suka dace da rayuwa cikin tafkunan gishirin.

Babban adadin ƙarin ƙonewa yana taimaka musu kada su shiga cikin babban tekunan tare da motsi mai sauri. Fishe suna kiyaye kullun, kullun hade da sardines na Peruvian. Mackerel yana da makiya da yawa a cikin ruwa da iska. Waɗannan su ne pelicans, da dolphins, da sharks, da zaki zakuna, har ma da babban tuna.

Mackerel yana jin daɗin zama na musamman a zazzabi na 8 zuwa 20. Don haka, dole ta yi ƙaura. Duk tsawon shekara tana rayuwa ne kawai a cikin ruwa mai kyau na Tekun Indiya.

A lokaci guda, har ma a cikin ruwan Turkawa basu da dumin yanayi, sabili da haka, da zaran zafin jiki ya sauka, mackerel yayi iyo zuwa wuraren asalinsu. Daga Bahar Maliya, kifi yana motsawa kusa da arewacin Turai. Akwai lokuta masu zafi waɗanda ke samar musu da rayuwa mai gamsarwa. A lokacin ƙaura, mackerel ba su da ƙarfi, suna kashe ƙarfi da kuzari musamman kan neman abinci.

A cikin ruwa, zai iya haɓaka babban gudu - har zuwa 30 km / h.

Ta yaya mackerel ke ci?

Mackerel - masu farautar birni. Suna cin plankton da ƙananan ɓawon burodi, waɗanda aka goge daga ruwa. Kifi manya na iya cin squid ko ƙananan siket.

Kasancewa da ganima, mackerel ya jefa, a cikin wani al'amari na ɗan lokaci yana haɓaka saurin 80 kilomita / h. Yayin farauta, ana tattara mackerel a cikin garken. Sau da yawa suna kaiwa hamsa, sandstones, sprats.

Aiki cikin jaka, mackerel yakan sa ganima ya hau saman. A zahiri ya tura abokan hamayya a cikin wani kusurwa. Kuma tuni ya fara cin abinci. Mafarautan da ke kewaye da su, alal misali, dabbobin ruwa ko kuma ciyayin teku, suna haɗa shi. Irin wannan nau'in kifin kifi ana bayyane daga sama.

Duk da karancin sa, mackerel yana da sa maye. Abincin da yafi so don mackerel na Australiya. Ta ci komai a jere, ba mamaki tana tunanin shin za a iya cinyewa? Wannan manzon dansandan na Australia yayi amfani da wannan lokacin. Irin wannan mackerel har ma za'a iya kama shi a ƙugiya ba tare da koto ba.

Kiwo mackerel

Mackerel spawning yana farawa a shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa. Bayan haka yana kawo ƙarshen bayan kowace shekara. Tsufa a cikin wannan kifin yana faruwa a ƙarshen shekaru goma na biyu.

Kifi Adult spawn a tsakiyar bazara, yayin da matasa kifi haihuwa a cikin marigayi Yuni. Haɓakarsu suna aiki da ƙarfi, saboda kifin yana da matukar tasiri. A lokaci guda, za ta iya barin ƙwai dubu ɗari biyar a zurfin kusan milimita ɗari biyu. Girman dutsen kowane kwai kusan ba'a gani ga idon ɗan adam - kusan milimita ɗaya ne. A cikin kowane ɗayansu akwai digon mai, tare da taimakon abin da soyayen ke ci a duk tsawon rayuwarta.

Da yawa larvae za a kafa kai tsaye ya dogara da yanayin kwanciyar hankali yana kasancewa kewaye. A matsakaici, wannan lokacin daga ranaku goma ne zuwa sati uku. Larva mackerel kansu suna yanka ne, amma a lokaci guda masu zafin rai ne. Kishirwar cin abinci a wasu lokuta a cikin su na iya farkawa ta yadda za su iya fitar da juna su ci abinci.

Soyayen da aka haife su ƙanƙane kaɗan. Fewan santimita kawai. Amma da kaka suna girma cikin hanzari. Girman su yana ƙaruwa aƙalla sau uku. Bayan wannan, ƙimar ƙarancin mackerel tayi saurin lura.

Sirrin kama mackerel

Mackerel yana da daraja sosai a koyaushe, saboda haka, a kusan duk tarihin ɗan adam, ya kasance abin kamun kifi sosai. A yau, aƙalla tan miliyan 65 na wannan kifayen ana kama su kowace shekara a gabar yamma kawai.

Mazaunin mackerel yana da faɗi sosai har ya sa ya yiwu a kama shi a kowane nau'ikan sasanninta na duniya. Hadin gwiwar kamun kifi suna aiki a Turai a gabar tsibirin Canary, haka kuma a cikin Baltic, Black da Tekun Marmara.

A cikin watannin bazara, masunta suna aiki a arewacin Iceland, har ma a gabar tekun Murmansk na Rasha. Kuna iya haɗuwa da manyan makarantu na mackerel a cikin yankin Novaya Zemlya, a cikin ruwan Tekun Fasha, da kuma sauran manyan wurare.

Don kama wannan kifin, ana amfani da ƙarfe ko baƙin ƙarfe ko jaka. Hakanan ana amfani da tiers, trawls, raga, duk nau'ikan ƙugiya don kamun kifi.

'Yan kamun kifayen mutane ba su kama mackerel. Ga masu hakar gwal, wannan ba karamin ciniki bane. Zai fi dacewa a kama mackerel daga jirgin ruwa ko jirgin ruwa. Mackerel kifi ne mai haɗama, don haka cukuda shi yana da sauƙi. Don wannan, kowane abu mai haske da ɗorawa ya dace. Saboda haka, masunta suna ba da makami tare da kowane irin ƙaramin bayani mai cike da haske ko tsarewar azurfa. Babban abu shine a bayyane a bayyane daga nesa.

Duk wani ƙaramin kifi, naman kifaye ko ƙwararrakin ɗan adam, waɗanda suke kan siyarwa kyauta, ya tafi daidai