Sharrin murfin pola yana cikin kifin na katako, wanda kimiyya ba ta yi karatu sosai ba. Akwai kadan bayani game da wannan nau'in.

Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa manyan 'yan sharks na pola suna rayuwa a cikin matsanancin ruwa, kuma a cikin zurfin gaske.

Ana samun waɗannan masu kaddara a cikin Tekun Fasha, a cikin kudanci ruwan Kogon da Barents Teas. Wadansu mutane suna yin ƙaura zuwa gaba zuwa gabashin Tekun Kara. Ana samun manyan kifayen bakin teku a gefen gabar Greenland, Norway da Iceland. Bugu da kari, wakilan nau'ikan jinsin suna zaune ne a cikin Hudson Strait da Tekun Baffin.

Shark na poland shark (Somniosus microcephalus).

Bayyanar Shark

Dangane da girman su, waɗannan kifin na kifin kusan ƙasa da farin kifayen kifayen. Tsawon jikin kifin sharri ya bambanta tsakanin mita 6.5-7.

Mutane daban-daban suna yin kimanin tan, amma akwai samfurori waɗanda nauyinsu ya kai tan 2. Matsakaicin matsakaitan matsar lambar sharri ya kai mita 3-4, matsakaicin nauyi shine kilogram 800.

Idan zamuyi magana game da tashin hankali, to waɗannan sharudan sun fi ƙasa da takwarorinsu. Jikin shark na polar yana da tsari mai kyau wanda yake kama da torpedo.

Antarctic polar shark (Somnisious antarcticus).

Launi na iya zama launin ruwan kasa ko kore mai duhu. Dukkanin jikin an rufe shi da kananan aibobi da baki da shunayya. Shugaban, idan aka kwatanta shi da girman duka jiki, ba babba bane. Jaws suna da fadi. Hakora a saman babba da ƙananan ya bambanta. A cikin muƙamuƙi sama suna da kaifi da ƙeƙasassu, kuma a cikin ƙananan muƙamula suna da siffar murabba'i mai ƙyalli kuma ana shuka su da kauri sosai. Cawan farin caudal yana da siffar asymmetric: ɓangarensa na sama ya fi girma girma.

Halin Shark da abinci mai gina jiki

A lokacin rani, waɗannan maɓuɓɓuga sun fi son zama a cikin zurfin zurfin - kimanin mita 500-1000. A wannan zurfin, kifayen kifayen da suke kama da dabbobin ruwa da kifaye. Bugu da kari, safarin yana cikin abincin: gawawwakin walruses, like, whales.

Sharrin yan 'shark' na polar ba ya kaiwa manyan dabbobi hari ba.

Babu wani lamari da ya faru game da manyan shaye shaye a manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wadannan masu farautar sun yi saurin zama, kuma suna jin tsoro, saboda haka ba sa zuwa yaƙi da dabbobi masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Hakanan, a cikin tarihi babu wasu labaran da suka gabata na hare-hare da sharrin kifaye a kan mutane.

A cikin hunturu, waɗannan kifayen masu tsinkaye suna tashi daga zurfa zuwa zurfin ruwa. A wannan yanayin, abincin mai ƙaddara ya ci gaba da canzawa. A wannan lokacin, an sami filayen kifayen kifi don kamun kifi.

Kyankyalen kifayen mazaunan ruwan arewa ne mai sanyi.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

Lokacin kiwo shine lokacin bazara. Sharri na sharri ya shimfiɗa ƙarnuka ɗari da yawa a zurfi. Qwai suna da girma babba, tsayinsu ya kai santimita 8, suna da sihiri mai ado. Qwai ba su da matse mai kariya.

Tsammani tsawon shekaru sharks yan shekara shine kusan shekaru 400-500, yayin da mace ke rayuwa tsawon shekaru 10 fiye da maza.

Babban abokin gaba na shark na pola shine mutum.

Abokan gaba dayan shark

Babban mafi asali kuma mai yiwuwa shine babban makiyin Shark din pola shine mutum. Wannan kifin yana da hanta mai yawa, saboda hanta ne yasa aka kama waɗannan kifayen. Fasaha na fasaha an yi shi ne daga gare ta. Naman naman shark na polar mai guba ne. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa basu da filayen ciki da na urinary, kuma an lalata dukkan abubuwan sharar jikin ta hanyar fatar.

Amma mutanen karkara, koyaushe don farautar manyan kifayen bola, sun koyi cin naman su. Sukan yi fari-sahu, sannan a tafasa shi a cikin ruwa da yawa, bayan haka sai a ci abinci. Raw nama ba dadi sosai a cikin dandano kuma yana da tasirin giya.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

Yaɗa

Tsarin jinsin ya zama ruwan dare a Arewacin Atlantika, tekun Arctic da kuma Tekun Fasha. Matsakaicin yana ɗaukar yankuna da yawa kamar na 80 na layi daya na latitude arewa. Mafi sau da yawa, ana lura da shingen sharri a bakin tekun Greenland, Iceland da Kanada.

Lokaci-lokaci sukan yi ƙaura zuwa nesa daga mazauninsu na al'ada, suna isa Bayyar Biscay.

A cikin 2013, masu ilimin kimiyyar halittar dabbobi a Jami'ar Florida sun gano samfurori guda ɗaya a cikin Gabar Tekun Mexico a zurfin 1749 m.

A farkon shekarar 1998, jirgin ruwa mai saukar ungulu mara zurfi ya binciki yiwuwar tayar da jirgin ruwa mai nauyi tare da tan 9 na zinari a saman jirgin ruwan Amurka ta Tsakiya na Amurka, wanda ke bakin tekun South Carolina, tsafin kifayen Greenland mai tsayin mita shida wanda ya wuce zurfin kusan 2200 m.

A Rasha, an gan ta sau da yawa a cikin Barents da Kara Seas.

Bayanin

Matsakaicin jikin mutum ya kai 7.3 m, kuma nauyi har zuwa kilogram 1400. Mafi yawan lokuta suna zuwa wurare na 3-5 m kuma suna yin kimanin kilogram 400. Jikin yayi kama da wuta. Noyashi ta gajarta, babba da zagaye.

Shugaban yana da tsawo, wutsiya takaice. Akwai nau'i-nau'i na 5. Gill slits ne dan kadan. Babban muƙamula yana da makamai tare da kunkuntar sumba, kuma ƙananan muƙamula mai kauri tare da haƙoran murabba'in kusurwa mai haɗe da asalinsu. Ba za a iya bude bakin baki daya ba.

Babu kashin baya a kan ƙananan ɗigon ruwa da ƙarancin hancin. Anal gama bata. Caarfin babba na fin caudal ya fi girma girma.

Launi ya bambanta da launin ruwan kasa da launin toka-toka-baki. A ciki na da haske. A tarnaƙi, ƙananan fili masu launin shuɗi suna bayyane.

Shekarar sharri na Greenland yana rayuwa a matsakaici kimanin shekaru 300.

Masana kimiyya sun kama yankin arewacin tekun Atlantik a shekara ta dubu biyu, bisa ga wasu kimomi, a shekara ta 1505. Da suke tantance shekarun kifin ta hanyar binciken radiocarbon, sun sanar da cewa wannan “tsohuwar mace” zata iya kasancewa mai rikodin rikodin rayuwa na tsinkaye a cikin tsaka-tsaki.

Yankin Shark ya kasance na nau'in Greenland, ko polar, sharks wanda ke girma a rayuwarsu gaba, yana ƙara kusan 1 cm kowace shekara. Kasancewar wasu daga cikinsu sun kai girman fiye da mita biyar yana nuna babban rayuwar waɗannan kifayen. Amma mun sami damar tabbatar da wannan ne kawai a yanzu.

Mun koyi yadda ake tantance shekarun sharks ta amfani da sadarwar gidan radiocarbon. Masana ilimin kimiyya sunyi wani bincike na katako mai haske wanda ya nuna kwayar halittar jikin tabar sharks.

Masanin ilmin halittar ruwa na Julius Nielsen na Jami'ar Copenhagen ya gano cewa kifin Greenland mai girman mita 5.4 da tawagarsa ke karatu akalla shekaru 272 ne fiye da yadda ake tsammani. Ta riga ta fi shekaru 512 da haihuwa.

An samo dabbar a 'yan watanni da suka gabata. An kafa damar ƙirƙirar yanayinta a cikin wani binciken da Jami'ar Arctic ta Norway, wanda aka buga a mujallar Science. Ana iya haihuwar dan shar din a shekara ta 1505, wato, ya girmi Shakespeare. Masana kimiyya suna bincika sauran sharffuka biyu na wannan nau'in, dukkan su kuma na iya zama mai dadewa.

Wadannan manyan masu farauta a hankali ba sa zaune a cikin ruwan sanyi na Tekun Arctic da arewacin Atlanta. Sun kai ga balaga har '' lokacin '' shekaru 150.

Masana kimiyya sun danganta tsayin daka na wannan nau'in kifayen a saukakken tsarin rayuwa, da kuma zazzabi na yanayi. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa yanayin wurare na sanyi na iya taimakawa wajen rage tsufa, kuma tabbas waɗannan kifayen karnukan ƙarni suna tabbatar da hakan.

Hare-hare a kan mutane da aka danganta da sharrin polar sharri na poland suna da matukar wuya. Suna zaune a cikin ruwan sanyi, inda kusan babu wuya a sadu da mutum. Koyaya, an rubuta karar lokacin da Tekun St. Lawrence Greenland shark ya bi jirgin. Wani kifin shark ya bi wasu gungun mawaƙa kuma ya tilasta musu su hau saman ruwa.

Wasu masunta sun yi imanin cewa, manyan filayen kifayen Greenland suna lalata da kuma lalata kifayen, kuma suna ɗaukar su kamar kwari. Saboda haka, lokacin da aka kama su, sai su yanke wutsiyar ƙyallen ƙifar sharks kuma su jefa su a ciki. Lokacin da aka kama shi, manyan kifin sharri na Greenland kusan basu da tsayayya.

Wadannan karni na Arctic sune nau'ikan "kwatancen lokaci", kuma karatun su na iya taimakawa fahimtar girman tasirin wayewar mutane akan tekun.

An sanya shi a matsayin babban kifin mashin kamar kifin na mashin, wanda kimiyya ba ta yi karatu sosai ba. Ba a bayar da cikakken bayani game da wannan nau'in ba.

Yana da wuya a yi nazarin sharhol na Greenland, saboda yana zaune a cikin ruwa mai tsananin zafi da zurfi.

Kuna iya haɗuwa da shark na tebur na Greenland a cikin Pechersk da Barents Teas. Wasu kifayen kifayen sun motsa gaba har zuwa gabashin gabas kuma suka fada cikin Tekun Kara. Hakanan, ana iya samun babban kifin kusa da bakin tekun Icelandic, Yaren mutanen Norway da Greenland. Wannan nau'in kifayen yanyan fata suna zaune a cikin Hudson Strait da kuma Tekun Baffin.

Bayyanar

Ta hanyar bayyanarsa, sai yayi kama da torpedo. A baya tana da ƙananan ƙyallen, waɗanda suka zama fasalin ta musamman. Wannan nau'in kifayen kifayen na rayuwa fiye da sauran - kusan shekaru 200! Kuma wasu masana kimiyya sun yi imani cewa shekarunsu na iya zuwa shekaru 500.

Shekarar sharri ta Greenland ta kasance dogon hanta, tunda haɓakar dukkan mahimman matakai a jikinta tayi saurin lalacewa. Kuma yana girma a hankali. Daya daga cikin sharks an lura tsawon shekaru 15 a daya daga cikin cibiyoyin kimiyya. Duk tsawon wannan lokacin, yayi girma da santimita 8 ne kawai.

Shark din Greenland yana burge shi da babban girma da saurin sa. Yana motsawa da ƙarancin gudu - ƙasa da 1 km awa ɗaya. Za'a iya yin bayanin wannan ta hanyar cewa tana zaune cikin ruwan sanyi, kuma adadin kifayen makamashi dole su kashe wajen dumama jikinsu.

Tana da kusan tan, amma akwai mutane waɗanda nauyinsu ya kai tan biyu. Tsawon jikin dabbar yana da nisan mil hudu, wani lokacin har ya kai shida, kuma matsakaicin nauyi ya kai kilo ɗari takwas.

1. Launi na fata . Yawancin lokaci launin ruwan kasa ko kore mai duhu. A duk faɗin jiki akwai ƙananan aibobi-farar fata.
2. Shugaban dangane da jiki karami ne.
3. Jaws suna da fadi . Dukansu jaws sun bambanta a hakora. A ɓangaren hakora na kaifi ne, mai-nau'in allura, ba yawa. Kuma a ƙananan muƙamuƙansu ƙananan murabba'i ne kuma akwai abubuwa da yawa, suna lankwasa sosai. Bakin mai farauta karami ne kuma ba za a iya bude shi da yawa ba.
4. Caudal fin asymmetrical : Saman gefe yafi girma da ƙasa.

Predator Halittar Kayan Halittu

Ta yaya sharrin poland sharlar pola ke rayuwa cikin ruwan kankara? Tana yin hakan ne sakamakon karancin kodan da kuma tsarin urinary - ammoniya da fitsari ana fallasa su ta fata dabba.

Don wannan, ƙwayoyin tsokoki na mai ƙaddara suna ƙunshe cikin babban adadin nitrogen trimethyls, wanda ke faranta jikin kifin sharri har ma da yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi na subzero.

Trimethylamine, wanda yake a cikin naman Greenland shark, yana jagorantar karnukan da suka cinye wannan abincin zuwa abinci, masu maye - karnuka ba za su iya tashi na dogon lokaci ba.

Eskimos suna da suna na wa mutane mutane masu maye da giya - "yan shark" marasa lafiya, saboda mutum yakanyi jinkiri kamar mai cin gashin kansa.

Halin mai siyarwa da abinci

Ruwan Arctic ba ya barin ruwan Arctic. A lokacin bazara, yana da zurfin har zuwa mita dubu biyu, kuma a cikin hunturu tana iyo a saman ruwa, tunda yanayin zafin jiki na ruwa a wannan wuri ya fi zurfin zurfin zurfin. Yana ciyar da dabbobi daban-daban daga kifi zuwa manyan dabbobin, wani lokacin yakan kai hari ga dabbobi waɗanda, ba da gangan ba, suna cikin ruwa.

An dauki lokaci mai tsawo ana jin cewa tana ciyar da abinci kawai saboda jinkirin da take yi. A saboda wannan dalili, ana kiran shi "mai bacci", saboda tare da irin wannan saurin, a ina ne mutum zai iya bin ganima a can!

A shekara ta 2008, masanin ilimin kimiyyar halittar dabbobi K. Kovacs ya gano ragowar beyar da ta mutu a cikin wani maciji da ya mutu, wanda ta ci da rai. Wannan labarin ya zama batun doguwar muhawara tsakanin masana kimiyya - shin shin ana iya kaiwa hari a kusa da Greenland kuma cin naman bege?

A ka'idar, wannan mai yiwuwa ne, tana da isasshen ƙarfi, tunda nauyin jikinta da tsawonta sun ninka 2 girma fiye da na bear pola.

Amma masanan kimiyya Vince Gallucci da Jeffrey Galant suna jayayya cewa shark na polar ba zai dauki ƙarancin haɗari ba - don kai hari kan maƙiyi tare da tsummoki masu ƙarfi. Zai sami isasshen wadatar ƙasa, don farauta wanda ake buƙata ƙarancin kuzari da kuzari da haɗari ga rayuwa.

Galucci ya yi imanin cewa beyar na iya nutsar da kansa, kuma maharbin ya same shi kawai ya ci. Koyaya, idan kun kula da wani gaskiyar, za a iya samun nasarar ɗaukar sharhin Greenland a kan bear na polar ne ta hanyar almara na mutanen Greenland - Inuit Eskimos. A cikin tarihin adabinsu akwai labarai game da waɗannan mafarautan. Suna magana ne game da harin da magabatansu suka yi akan kwale-kwale da dabbobi waɗanda ke da tangarda don su kusanci ruwa.

Wannan nau'in yana kan wuri na 5 a tsakanin sauran magabatan, amma dangane da zalunci an same shi da nisa da kifin kifi Whale.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

Manyan kifin sharri sun fara farawa tare da zuwan bazara. A cikin zurfin zurfin, sun sa kusan qwai 500:

• qwai suna da girman girma, tsawonsu ya kai santimita takwas,
• da siffar mai ado
• Basu da amintaccen raunin jijiyoyi.

Akwai kuma zaton cewa shark na poland shark na nan da nan ya haɗu da ƙananan sharks, yawanci kusan goma.

Tsawon Lokaci rayuwar wannan nau'in na iya zama shekaru 55, wani lokacin kuma mafi yawa, kai shekaru 200. Mata suna rayuwa fiye da maza.

Musamman fasali na sharbar polar

A waje, wannan kifin yana da kama da na torpedo, ƙyallin sa, waɗanda suka zama alamar kifayen kifayen, ƙanƙane ne. Wadannan sharks suna rayuwa fiye da sauran - kusan shekaru 100-200!

Theyamar shark ya zama mai dogon hanta sabili da jinkirin kwararar duk ayyukan rayuwa a jikinta. Yana girma a hankali sanannu: ana tsare mutum mai wannan nau'in sharhin a cibiyar kimiyya, inda aka yi dogon nazari - cikin shekaru 16 maharmar ya girma da 8 cm kawai.

Kalli bidiyon - Shark Shark:

Maƙaddara tana da mafi girma hanta a tsakanin sauran ɗayan kifayen, ya kai kashi 20% na nauyinta - saboda wannan sashin, kyankyalen kifayen sun kasance suna tarko kowace shekara don mutane dubu 30 a cikin ƙarni, ƙwayoyin fasaha sun narke daga hanta.

Ang Angs ba shi da sha'awar kamun kifin - a yanzu kusan babu gwagwarmaya: bayan kamun kifi a saman teku, sai ya hau jirgin kamar dai gungume ne.

Menene shahararren Shark na Greenland ke ci?

Kifen shark ba ya iyo daga ruwan Arctic; lokacin bazara yana da zurfin zurfin mita 500-2000, lokacin bazara kusa da saman teku - ruwan zafin ya fi girma a nan. Tana ciyar da kowane dabbobin gida, shin kifi ne ko cinzamai, kuma yana kaiwa dabbobi marasa ƙima waɗanda aka kama cikin ruwa.

An dauki dogon lokaci, ana ganin wannan kifin a matsayin garken ciyarwa: yana da jinkiri, saboda haka ana kiran wannan kifin mai bacci - a ina zai iya ci gaba da ganima!

Koyaya, a shekara ta 2008, Kit Kovacs, masaniyar kimiyyar halittar masaniyar dabbobi a Cibiyar Polar ta Troms ta kasar Norway, ya gano kasusuwa na dabbar beyar da kifin ya cinye a ciki wanda aka kama a ciki. Wannan gano shine batun muhawara mai zurfi a tsakanin masana kimiyya - shin zai iya kaiwa ga sharrin masifa kuma ya kashe bear?

A ka'ida, babban maharbin yana da ikon nutsar da beyar, saboda tsayinsa da nauyi sun ninka sau 6 - 1000 da 1000, bi da bi.

Kuma duk da haka, a cewar masanin kimiya na Vince Galucci na Jami'ar Washington da Jeffrey Galant, wani masanin binciken Kanada game da maharban ruwa, kifin sharhin ba zai dauki irin wannan hadarin ba - a kai hari kan babban wanda ke dauke da tatsuniyoyi masu ban sha'awa da tofin tsinkaye.

Ganima mai sauƙi ya ishe ta, farauta wacce ba ta cika haɗari da haɗarin raunin da ya faru.

Galucci ya yi imanin cewa beyar ya nutsar da kansa, kuma kifin ya gano jikinsa da feas. A gefe guda, a cikin tatsuniya na asalin mazaunan Greenland - Inuit Eskimos - akwai labarun kyankyasai masu kyankyasai da ke kai hari kan kayaki da dirin caribou, waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin kusanci zuwa wurin shayar da kankara.

Yankalin Shark yana da girma na biyar a tsakanin sauran jinsunan masu farauta, amma dangane da yanayin tashin hankali ba shi da nisa da babban kifin kifi Whale.

Hakoran wannan magabatan suna ƙanana - tsawonsu ba ya wuce 7 mm, babba suna da allura-mai siffa, ƙananan ƙananan suna da ƙarfi sosai. Bakin da kanta yayi qarami kuma bai iya budewa da fadi.

Kalli bidiyo - Farauta da shark na polar:

Maganin daskarewa na mahalli

Kuma a ƙarshe, ta yaya tsintsiya madaidaiciya ke tsira a cikin ruwan ruwan Arctic?

Amma ta yi nasara saboda a cikin gabobin jikinta babu kodan da hanyoyin fitsari - cirewar ammoniya da urea na faruwa ne ta hanyar fatar mai cin naman.

Saboda haka, ƙwayar tsoka ta ƙunshi mai da yawa na trimethylamine nitrogen, yana kuma “antifreeze na halitta” (osmolite), wanda baya barin jikin mai ƙaddara ya daskare koda a yanayin zafi.

An sani cewa trimethylamine da ke cikin sabo abincin naman shark yana haifar da sakamako mai kama da maye a cikin karnukan da suka ci shi - karnuka basa iya tsayawa a ƙafafunsu na ɗan lokaci.

Af, Eskimos na Greenland sun kira mutumin da ke bugu da gumi "shark ne mai rashin lafiya." Wataƙila, daidai saboda abun da ke cikin nitrogen a jikin trimethylamine, kyankyar pola yana da jinkirin.

Za'a iya cin naman waɗannan kifin idan aka ajiye shi a rana tsawon watanni, a sanya shi a cikin glacier na ɗan lokaci na kimanin watanni shida, ko a cikin ruwan da ake maimaita shi akai-akai.

Ana amfani da irin wannan naman ɗanyen shark don shirya kwanon ƙasar Icelanders - Hakarl.

Abokan wannan maharbin

Babban, kuma mafi kusantar abokin gaba na wannan dabba shine mutum. Wannan nau'in yana da babban hanta, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ake kama magabatan. Ana buƙatar sashin jiki don yin kitse na fasaha. Naman dabbar yana da lahani saboda gaskiyar cewa duk sharar gida yana fitowa ta fuskar fatar.

Mutanen karkara, suna kama maƙarƙashiya koyaushe, sun koyi cin namansa don abinci. Jiƙa naman farko, to tafasa sau da yawa a cikin sabon ruwa, kuma bayan wannan kawai ya dace da yawan ɗan adam. Nama da ba a bayyana ba yana da dandano mara kyau da kuma tasirin maye.

Tsoffin Vikings sun kirkiro wata hanya mai ban sha'awa ta dafa wannan naman: sun raba shi da ƙashi, suka binne shi kuma suka bar shi a wurin har tsawon wata guda. Sannan suka haƙa, ciyawa suka bushe har lokacin da saman naman yake rufe da ɓawon burodi. Bayan haka, an yanke yanka daga dukkanin naman kuma kawai cikin ciki na launin rawaya ya rage. Irin wannan keɓaɓɓiyar tasa ake kira Haukarl, kuma ana iya ɗanɗana shi a Iceland yayin bikin Terrablot.

Gabaɗaya, naman wannan maharbin ba shi da babban buƙata, don haka idan ba da gangan ya shiga tarun kifi ba, sai a sake shi cikin ruwan Arctic mai sanyi.

Bayanan hujjoji

Kamar yadda aka riga aka sani, saboda yawan karatun daban-daban, wannan nau'in kifayen shine mafi tsufa a duniya. Amma don tabbatar da wannan gaskiyar, masana kimiyya sunyi aiki sosai. Kama shi ne mafi yawan hanyoyi waɗanda ake amfani dasu don ƙayyade shekarun dabbobi, ba shi yiwuwa a yi amfani da shi tare da wannan nau'in. Ba shi da kaifin kalar baƙin ƙarfe a cikin kunnuwa, tare da taimakon abin da aka kafa shekarun tsufa da yawa. Hanyar vertebrae na mai farauta tana da taushi, kuma wannan baya iya samun damar sanin tsawon rayuwa ta hanyar girman zoben vertebral.

Shekarun yanren sharland Greenland an gano shi ne kawai saboda furotin a cikin ruwan tabarau na ido. Yana tasowa rayuwar annabta , kuma wannan furotin yana bayyana yayin haɓakar tayi.

Duk da irin rawar da rayuwarta ke takawa, yawancin rayuwar manyan yan kifin sharri na birgewa har zuwa yau.

Ba wani labari na labarai daya tilo a duniya da ya kawo cikas ga manyan kanun labarai kan wannan batun:

Akwai halittun da ke cikin teku waɗanda suke iya ganin Shakespeare.

Hararfafa shark: masana kimiyya sun gano cewa asirin sharrin Greenland yana rayuwa tsawon shekaru 400-500.

Masana kimiyya sun gano vertebrate mafi dadewa.

Tsohon tsufa dan shekara 400 da ke zaune a cikin ruwan sanyi na Greenland ne.

Masunta sun kama kifin sharya da aka haife shi a zamanin Ivan the mummunan.

Masana kimiyya sun ambaci yiwuwar dabbar da ta yiwu a duniya.

Wannan ɗan shar ɗin, masanan kimiyya suka kama shi, har yanzu suna zaune a ƙarƙashin Columbus.

Rayuwar turancin sharri na Greenland na iya wuce shekaru 500.

Masana ilimin halitta sun yi nasarar nemo tsohuwar dabba a cikin duniya.

An bayar da rahoton cewa yawan ci gabansa ya zama ƙasa da santimita ɗaya a kowace shekara. A baya an san cewa waɗannan kifayen karnukan halittu masu rai ne, amma tsawon lokacin da suke raye ya zama abin asiri.

Masana ilimin kimiyyar halittar ruwa da kuma tsawon shekarun sharhol da sharuddan Greenland ke fuskanta, amma ba tare da yin nasara ba, in ji Stephen Campana, kwararre a kan sharks na jami’ar. - Ganin cewa wannan shark mai hatsarin gaske ne (sarkin sarkar abinci) a cikin ruwa na Arctic, ba zai yiwu ba mu san cewa wannan shark yana rayuwa shekara 20 ko 1000.

Farkon shark Greenland an fara ganinsa a saman ruwa daga jirgin binciken Sanna a Arewacin Greenland.

Julius Nielsen ya ce wannan ita ce farkon shaida mai ƙarfi na tsawon lokacin da waɗannan halittun za su iya rayuwa:

Mun zaci cewa muna ma'amala da wata dabba da baƙon abu, amma gaskiyar cewa yanyan sharri sun tsufa abin mamaki ne a gare mu!

Wannan, hakika, yana gaya mana cewa wannan halitta ta musamman ce kuma ya kamata a ɗauke ta a matsayin mafi tsohuwar dabba a cikin duniya.

Bidiyo ita ce mafi dadewar rayuwa a doron duniya:

Buga a cikin sanannun mujallar kimiyyar kimiya (Agusta 2016) na Nielsen da tawagarsa ta kasa da kasa na masu bincike (kwararru daga Burtaniya, Denmark da Amurka) sun bayyana yadda suka ƙaddara shekarun 'yan shekara 28 na sharudan gidan Greenland yayin binciken kimiyya a tsakanin 2010 da 2013 .

Ya juya cewa shekarun kifaye da yawa ana iya tantance su ta hanyar kirga haɓakar yaduwar alli na baƙin ƙarfe - "duwatsun" a ciki. Wannan dabarar tana kama da kirga zoben itace a jikin bishiya.

Mawuyacin binciken shi ne cewa sharks ba su da irin waɗannan duwatsu. Amma sharks na Greenland sun rasa sauran kyallen takaddara na alli wanda ya dace da irin wannan bincike.

Bugu da kari, ƙungiyar masu binciken sun dogara da hanyoyi daban-daban, alal misali, yin nazari.

Ruwan tabarau na ido ya ƙunshi sunadaran da suke tara lokaci mai tsawo, haka kuma sunadarai a cikin tsakiyar ido, waɗanda su kuma aka kafa su kuma basa canzawa duk tsawon rayuwar kifin.

Ayyade ranar da abin ya faru na waɗannan sunadarai kuma ya ba ƙwararrun masana damar kafa shekarun haƙar sharhol.

Don ƙayyade lokacin da aka samar da sunadarai, masana kimiyya sun juya zuwa ga hadarin radiocarbon - hanyar da ta dogara da ƙayyadaddun matakan nau'ikan carbon, wanda aka sani da carbon-14, wanda ke fuskantar lalacewar tashin hankali a cikin kayan.

Amfani da wannan dabarar lokacin aiki tare da sunadarai a tsakiyar kowace ruwan tabarau, masana kimiyya sun haɓaka shekaru da yawa don kowane ɗan shark.

Sannan masana kimiyya sunyi amfani da “sakamako” na gwaje-gwajen da suka faru a shekarun 1950: lokacin da aka tayar da bama-bamai, sun kara matakin carbon-14 a cikin yanayin.

Tsarin carbon-14 ya shiga cibiyar samar da abinci ta ruwa a Arewacin Atlantika ba daga farkon 1960 ba.

Wannan ya ba mu timestamps masu amfani, in ji Nielsen. "Ina son sanin inda zan ga babban abin birgewa a cikin shark na, kuma menene ma'anar ma'anar: tana da shekara 50 ko 10?"

Nielsen da tawagarsa sun gano cewa ruwan tabarau na yara kanana guda 28, sharks Greenland, suna dauke da dumbin carbon-14, suna nuna cewa an haife su ne a farkon farkon shekarun 1960.

Smallanana shark na uku, ya nuna, carbon-14 matakin ɗan ƙaramin sama da na manyan manyan sharks 25. Wannan na iya nuna cewa an haifeshi ne a farkon shekarun 1960, lokacinda kwayoyin zarra na bam daga bam din da ke hade da carbon-14 suka fara kunshe cikin dukkanin sarkokin abinci na ruwa.

Bayan doguwar tafiya, sharks na Greenland sun dawo zurfin ruwa mai sanyi na Wummannak fjord a arewa maso yammacin Greenland (sharks sun kasance ɓangaren ɗaukar hoto da shirin sakin manyan masu farauta a Norway da Greenland).

Wannan ya nuna cewa yawancin mu da aka bincika sharrin mu sun cika shekaru 50 da haihuwa, ”in ji Nielsen.

Masana ilimin kimiyya sun haɗu da sakamakon radiocarbon tare da ƙididdigar yadda karnukan sharks na Greenland ke girma don ƙirƙirar samfurin da ya basu damar tantance shekarun ɗan shekaru 25 da aka haife su kafin shekarun 1960.

Sakamakon bincikensu ya nuna cewa mafi girman ƙungiyar ƙungiyar ita ce mace ta auna fiye da mita biyar a tsayi. Tana da kusan shekaru 392 da haihuwa, kodayake, kamar yadda Nielsen ta lura, yawan shekarun da suka yiwu sun fara ne daga shekaru 272 zuwa 512.

Shark din yankuna na Greenland yanzu sune suka fi cancanta ga sunan dabbobi mafi dadewa a doron duniyarmu, ”in ji masanin tare da nuna girmamawa.

Bidiyo - Shark yalar shark:

Haka kuma, matan da suka balaga daga gwajin sun isa lokacin balaga ne kawai bayan sun girma har tsawan mita hudu. Haihuwar su ta farko tana faruwa ne kawai da shekaru kusan 150.

Nielsen ya yi imanin cewa "nazarin da za a yi nan gaba ya kamata ya iya sanin shekaru tare da ingantaccen daidaito."

Kuma fatan ci gaba da bincike:

Akwai wasu bangarori na ilmin halitta na sharuddan sharks na Greenland wadanda suke da ban sha'awa don sani da kuma rufewa, ”ya kammala.

Ka tuna cewa a baya masanan kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa a kowace shekara Greenland Shark yana girma da santimita 0.5-1.

Kuma dalilin doguwar rayuwa, mai yiwuwa ne, yana da saurin motsa jiki: wannan nau'in shark ne - masu hasara suna rayuwa cikin ruwa, zazzabi wanda yake daga -1 zuwa +5 digiri Celsius.

Wannan kuma ya yi bayani game da jinkirin dabbar Shark, wanda aka ba shi lambar Latin sunan Somniosus microcephalus, wanda ke nufin "sleepyhead tare da karamin kwakwalwa."

Iyalin dangin Shark an yadu sosai kuma an yi nazari sosai. Kowannenmu yasan cewa akwai ƙaddara masu rauni kamar farar kifin shark ko kuma babban dabbar sharkin tiger. Daga cikin sharks, akwai nau'ikan da babu lahani, kamar babban kifin kifin kifi.

Amma jinsunan da za mu yi magana a kansu ba a fahimci su sosai ba, amma yana da bambanci. Shin kun ji labarin abin da ake amfani da shi a cikin sharrin da zai iya malalowar dusar dusar kankara da ke rayuwa sama da shekara ɗari?!

Shark na polar shark na Greenland, Somniosus microcephalus, wanda aka samo daga arewacin gabar Turai, kusa da gabar Labrador da kusa da tsibirin, ya firgita masu binciken.

Ta yaya mai son yanayin yanayi zai iya kasancewa a cikin wannan matsanancin ruwan sanyi? Daga haɗuwa ta farko, masana kimiyya ba su bar sharks na polar ba tare da kulawa ba, suna fatan gano asirin su. Koyaya, har yanzu akwai sauran sirrin da yawa.

Gilashin shingen Greenland babban dako ne, mai tsawon mita 7 kuma nauyi a kowace ton. Koyaya, yawanci tsawon waɗannan kifayen ba ya wuce mita huɗu a tsayi. Ba kamar yawancin dangi ba, ƙarancin sa mai ƙarancin ɗan ƙaramin abu ne, haƙoran haƙora ba su isa santimita a tsayi ba, launi yana kusa da kofi - maimakon launin toka na yau da kullun, yana iya iyo cikin ruwa a zazzabi ɗan ƙasa kaɗan.

Saboda yanayin mazaunin sanyin, yanyan shakatawa sune hanta mai dogon hanta. Kamar samfurin a cikin firiji, ya girma tsawon lokaci kuma yana da ikon yin rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 200. Nitrogen trimethylamine, wanda aka kirkira da kuma tara shi a cikin tsokoki na kifin, ya ba shi damar rayuwa a cikin irin wannan yanayin sanyi.

Shafaffiyar shark a kullun tana cikin nishadi. Wannan maƙiyin yana cin kifaye iri-iri, baya ƙin ɓarnatar da kifayen. An samo shi a cikin tarihin rayuwarta da kuma wata hujja mai rikitarwa: mafi kyawun kula da kifayen fata - ƙyallen fata. Da zaran irin wannan maharbi ya sami ikon wuce gona da iri da kuma kuliyoyi masu sauri? Koyaya, wannan gaskiyane, tunda yawancin nama na ɗambin zaren fata da zakuna a teku galibi ana samunsu a cikin ɓoyayyen sharks na polar.

Ga duk saurin su, kifayen kifayen suna da babban ci, tunda sun sami fiye da ɗayan ganima a ciki: duk cat, adadi mai yawa da kifin salmon, reindeer ba tare da ƙaho ba, har ma. Wataƙila ƙarshen ya zama wanda aka azabtar yayin dogon iyo.

Ga 'yan Adam, Shark ba shi da haɗari musamman, amma a cewar almara Inuit, akwai lokutan da kifayen suka juya kayaki. Mafi muni, maƙiyin kawai ya rikice musu abin da ganima. A baya can, an nemi kifayen sharri don manyan hantarsu. Ba a cin nama ba tare da shiri mai kyau. Dogon tsayi da wahala.

Ksan sharri na shinge na Greenland da ke rayuwa a cikin ruwan Tekun Atlantika sune suka fi dadewa akan yanayin tsalle-tsalle waɗanda ke zaune a duniya a zamaninmu. Kamar yadda masana kimiyya na Danish suka kafa, wanda aikinsa ya faɗi akan murfin sabon batun mujallar kimiyyar kimiya, kowane ɗayan wannan nau'in zai iya rayuwa tsawon shekaru 400-500.

Shark polar shark (Somniosus microcephalus)

Dangane da ƙididdigar su, mafi tsufa shark, wanda masu bincike suka sami damar yin karatu, shekaru 392 ne, ƙari ko a rage shekaru 120. Don haka, magabacin da ya daɗe yana iya samun lokutan rushewar ƙauyukan Scandinavia a Greenland, wanda a ƙarshe ya yanke ƙauna a ƙarshen ƙarni na 15, da kuma esan sake sake mulkin mallaka bayan ƙarni biyu da rabi. Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) da yakamata ya kasance zamani game da shark.

Masana ilimin halittu sun dade da sanin cewa yanko Sharland din suna zaune tsawon ƙarni, tunda karuwa sun girma zuwa cm 0,5 cm kawai a shekara, zasu iya wuce mita 5 a tsayi. Daidai hanyar tantance shekarun su, amma, babu shi. Ba kamar sauran dabbobi ba, kifin kifayen (sharks da stingrays) ba sa yin otoliths a cikin kunnuwansu na ciki - adon kalsiya, wanda, kamar zoben itacen, ana iya amfani dashi don ƙayyade shekarar haihuwar su tare da babban daidaito.

Koyaya, furofesoshi na Jami'ar Copenhagen da Oruchs, Jon Steffensen da Ian Hein Meyer, sun zo da ra'ayin nazarin gidan rediyo ne game da ruwan tabkin ido, sunadaran da ke fitowa a matakin daukar ciki kuma ba su canzawa a duk rayuwar kifin.

An gabatar da damar da aka samu samfurori da kuma kokarin gano hanyar kirkirar ta ga dalibin kwalejin Steffensen Julius Nielsen, wanda yayi nazarin sharks 28. Lokacin da ya juya, sharks na poland na Greenland ya isa lokacin balaga kawai sai ya cika shekara 150 kuma zai iya rayuwa har zuwa akalla shekaru 272, cikin sauƙin rikodin rikodin mallakar da ya gabata na taken babban hanta a tsakanin tsohuwar hanyar - Green Whale (Balaena mysticetus). Don wannan nau'in, matsakaicin shekarun da aka yi rikodin shine shekaru 211.

Dalilin irin wannan rayuwar tsawon shekaru na sharks na iya zama sanadin tafiyar hawainiya ta dabba mai sanyi da ke rayuwa cikin ruwa tare da zazzabi mai -1 zuwa +5 digiri Celsius. Featureayan wannan fasalin yana iya bayanin tsananin jinkirin sharkin, wanda ya karɓi sunan sa na latinus Somniosus microcephalus (sleepyhead tare da ƙaramin kwakwalwa) don dalili. Don haka, dangane da tsammanin rayuwa, sharks sun kasance na biyu kawai zuwa mollusks Arctica Islandica, wanda ke rayuwa zuwa shekaru 507.

"Shark na polar shark na daya daga cikin manyan kifayen sharri a doron kasa, yayin da kusan ba a yin watsi da ita, ba ta kula da kariyar jinsi ba ko kuma rawar da ta taka a yanayin kasa na Arewacin Atlantika. Bamu san komai ba game da ilmin halitta wadannan sharks. Ba yadda suke farauta ba, ko inda yarinyar suke ciyarwa, ko yadda suke iyo, ko yadda suke rayuwa a matsakaita, ko kuma adadinsu. Dalilin shi ne, wannan kifin ba a kama shi da dalilai na kasuwanci, ”in ji Nielsen.

Tunda manyan kifin sharri na Greenland, daga abin da suke yin kitse don dalilai na fasaha, a yau suna kan yanar gizo kawai azaman ƙaramin da ba a so a cikin babban kamun, masu binciken ba su da kaɗan samfurori don yin nazari. Greenland naman alade, wanda aka cika shi da abubuwan ammoniya, mazaunan Iceland ne kaɗai ke cinye abincin, daga nan suke cin abincin Haucarl.

Wurin zama game da yan 'yan Sharland masu shinge suna a arewacin tekun Atlantika. Matsakaicin matsakaicin tsayin jiki shine mita 4-5, nauyi - har zuwa kilogiram 400.

Biyan kuɗi zuwa Qible a cikin Viber da Telegram don kiyaye abubuwan da suka fi ban sha'awa.

Habitat

Wannan shine mafi sharrin sharhunan ƙauna na dukkan yan uwa, sun fifita zazzabi ruwa a cikin kewayon daga 1 zuwa 12 ° C. Yankin Selahia ya mamaye Arewacin Atlantika kuma ya haɗa da ƙasashen Scandinavia, Amurka, Kanada, Russia, Iceland da Jamus. Shark na poland shark (somniosus microcephalus) yana zaune a cikin iyaka mai faɗi - daga sashin ƙasashen tsibiri da tsibirin zuwa 2000 m ko fiye. A lokacin rani, mafi yawan lokuta yakan faru ne a zurfin 200-500 m, kuma a cikin hunturu - kusa da saman. Yana yin ƙaura na yau da kullun da na lokaci, wanda ƙaddarawar motsi na plankton da ƙananan dabbobi waɗanda ke cin abincinsa.

Abubuwan fasali

Shark na polaland na da babban hanta, wanda ya zarce 20% na jimlar jiki. Wannan jikin yana aikin aikin ƙarin iyo.

Abubuwan Shark suna ba da ammoniya sosai da sinadarin ammoniya da kuma trimethylamine oxide. Irin waɗannan mahadi suna hana daskarewa jini, tallafawa aikin sunadarai da kuma tsarin rayuwar ƙabilanci na arewa. Duk abubuwan biyu masu guba ne, sabili da haka, ba wai kawai yana da dandano mai ƙyama ba, har ma yana iya haifar da guba - a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ruwan 'ya'yan itace na ciki, trimethylamine oxide ya juya zuwa trimethylamine, wanda ke haifar da tasirin giya. Shark bashi da mafitsara, saboda haka ana fitar da kayan sharar gida ta fata.

Wadannan dabbobin suna da ban sha'awa a girma da kuma jinkiri. Yawan saurin motsi yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi - baifi kilomita ɗaya a kowace awa ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa, rayuwa a cikin ruwan sanyi, yawancin kuzarin selachia yana tilasta kashewa don dumama jikinta. Kan shark na polandland shine dogon hanta a tsakanin wakilan duniyar dabbobi. Kamar yadda aka kafa, tsawon rayuwarsa yakai shekaru 500.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Babban girma, saurin motsi da karamin bakin Selahiy suna tasiri sosai akan abin da Greenland polar shark ke ci. Ta kasance mai rauni sosai, mai kulawa kuma har zuwa wani matsananciyar tsoro, saboda haka, yawancin lokaci tana lura da bacci, mara lafiya ko hatimin rauni kuma, don haka, tana amfanuwa da su. Babban abincin ya hada da datti na gargajiya, jigilar dabbobi da kananan dabbobi kamar su kwalin roba, roba, dako, squid, stingray. A cikin ciki na wadannan magabatan an samo jellyfish, algae, ragowar reindeer da bears polar bears. Kamshin nama wanda yake jujjuyawar sha'awa yana jan hankalin kifayen sharri na Greenland, saboda haka galibi ana iya samun sa kusa da kwale-kwalen masunta

Haɗin ɗan adam

Lararfin tanti (ko Greenland) na cikin masu wuce gona da iri. Ba wanda ya farautar mata, maƙiya kaɗai mutum ne. Wadannan kifayen kwastomomi su ne suke kamun kamun kifi saboda hanta, wanda mutane ke amfani da shi wajen samar da mai mai wadataccen furotin. An ba da Polar Shark na Greenland matsayin "Kusa da Varfin Cututtuka." Organizationsungiyoyin kiyayewa suna kula da wannan nau'in, saboda da yawan ƙifayenda ke raguwa a kowace shekara, a sashi saboda jinkirin haifuwa.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, rawanin selahia mai guba yana da guba sosai saboda yawan ƙarfin urea da TMAO. Amma ativesan asalin arewa sun koyi sarrafa shi don cin abinci da ciyar da dabbobin gida - soya da kuma tafasasshen tafasa yana ba ku damar kawar da gubobi. Icelanders, kasancewar zuriyar Vikings mai daraja, shirya daga gare ta abincin gargajiya na hakarl. A yau, sharks suna kuma kamun kifi a wasu ƙasashe. Tana da matukar rikitarwa kuma gaba daya ba ta da kishi. Abin mamaki, irin wannan giant ɗin, wanda aka kama a cikin hanyar sadarwar, yana nuna hali a hankali. Wasu masunta suna ɗaukar waɗannan mazaunan ruwa a matsayin kwari - don lalacewar kaya da kuma kashe kifayen.

Harshen hare-hare da sharri masu sharri a kan mutane abu ne mai matukar wahalar gaske, saboda a cikin wuraren sanyi da suke zaune, da alama haɗuwa tayi ƙanana. Koyaya, akwai wani sanannen lamari lokacin da sanadin gaskiyar cewa gungun masu ruwa biyu sun hau saman ruwan shine Greenland Sharlar polar Shark.

A yau, bisa ga sakamakon binciken da yawa, sanannu ne cewa sharrin polar shark shine mafi tsufa a duniya. Koyaya, don tabbatar da wannan gaskiyar, masana kimiyya sunyi ƙoƙari da yawa. Gaskiyar ita ce yawancin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su don tantance shekarun dabba ba su da amfani ga shark din polar. Ba ta kafa yadudduka na karafa a cikin kunnuwa ba, wanda ke tantance shekarun yawancin kifaye, vertebrae na selachia suna da laushi, kamar paraffin, wanda baya bada damar kafa rayuwar ta hanyar haɓaka zoben vertebral.

An ƙaddara shekarun shekarun sharks na polar ne ta hanyar kariyar a tsakiyar gilas ta ido. Yana girma cikin rayuwa gabaɗaya, kuma garkuwar sunadaran sa sune suke matakin girma na tayi. Ya ba da damar sanin tsawon rayuwar su ta hanyar sinadarin carbon-14 isotope, wanda ya fashe bayan gwajin bam din atom. Ofaya daga cikin sharks ɗin da ƙwararrun masana suka yi bincike ya kai shekara 392. Idan akayi la'akari da kuskuren hanyar binciken radiocarbon, an gano cewa manyan kifin sharkey na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 500. An yi bayanin irin wannan tsawon rai ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa dukkanin hanyoyin rayuwa a cikin ruwan sanyi sun fi hanzari fiye da na wakilan masu ƙaunar zafi na wannan iyali.