Hoto Snail Melania

Wannan mollusk ne mai rai da ke rayuwa a cikin ƙasa. Ilasa itace mafakarsu, wurin da suke ciyar da kiwo.

Sau da yawa, katon melania yana shiga cikin akwatin kifayenmu kwatsam (tare da ruwa daga kantin sayar da dabbobi, tare da tsirrai da aka saya, da sauransu). Wasu masoya suna tsammanin wannan katantanwa wani gurbi ne na akwatin kifaye. Kuma zaku iya fahimtar su, tunda katantanwa katantanwa a cikin akwatin kifayen tare da cigaban ilimin lissafi. An yi imanin cewa kawar da sakamakon yawan melania yana da matukar wahala.

Hoto Snail Melania

Katantan snail melania yana da halayyar halayya a cikin nau'in kunkuntar mazugi har zuwa santimita 3-4. Wannan tsarin harsashi yana da alaƙa da buƙatar tono a cikin ƙasa. Launin harsashi mai canzawa ne. Mollusk yana da murfin bakin harsashi, wanda ya zama dole don kare shi daga masu tayar da hankali kuma a jira yanayi mai wahala.

Abin farin ruwa mai kwalliya don abun katsewa: zazzabi 22-28 ° С, mollusks, a zahiri, ba su kula da tsauraran ra'ayi, aiki mai aiki, da sauran sigogin ruwa. Ana buƙatar tashin hankali a cikin akwatin kifaye, kamar yadda waɗannan katantanwa suna numfasawa kawai tare da gwaje-gwaje.

Hoto Snail Melania

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, wannan katantanwar, ba kamar sauran mutane ba, tana da fa'ida. Snaan ƙananan katantanwa ƙanana ne, kusan milimita tsawon, suna ɓoye a cikin tushen tsirrai. Girma a hankali.

Melania katantanwa basa buƙatar ciyarwar mutum a cikin babban akwatin kifaye, tunda suna ciyar da kowane nau'i na rayuwar akwatin kifaye.

Da yake magana game da fa'idodi ko haɗarin wannan magudanar ruwa, yana da daraja a lura cewa duk rayuwa a duniya an halicce ta ne saboda wani abu. Ba daidai ba ne a faɗi a hankali cewa manilancin katantanwa yana da lahani. Haka kuma, sun taimaka a yaki da algae da kuma abubuwan da suka wuce haddi wadanda suke tarawa a cikin kasar ta akwatin kifaye.

Wani abin kuma shi ne tsinkayewarmu da tunaninmu a gare su. Kira da cutar ba daidai ba ne. Wannan kawai kimantawa ne.

Idan a cikin akwatin kifayen ka an sayan katantanwa da yawa, to abu ne mai sauki ka rabu da su kuma a nan gaba ma abu ne mai sauki ka iya sarrafa lambobin. Anan, zamu nemi ku kalli babban reshe na tattaunawar mu game da yadda samari da 'yan mata suke mu'amala da katantanwa - nan. M

Hoto Snail Melania

Hanya mafi inganci kuma mafi aminci ga rabuwa da chalking shine samun katantanwa katuwar fata. Ta hanyar sayen Helen 5-10 guda ɗaya kuma jefa su cikin akwatin kifaye tare da chalking, kuna da tabbacin kanka kusan kammala karatun hankali da lalata su gaba daya. Ba tare da sunadarai masu cutarwa ba, ba tare da raɗaɗi ba da tsawan tsayi don kama katantanwa. 1-2 watanni kuma babu chalking.

Af, ba wai kawai helens suna da ikon wannan ba: bots, tetrachids zasu taimaka maka a wannan batun. Amma ka tuna cewa waɗannan kifayen suna buƙatar yanayin rayuwarsu kuma ba koyaushe zaka iya sarrafa su a cikin akwatin kifin ka. Helens basu da ma'ana kuma ana siyar da su ko'ina.

Yadda za a rabu da mu katantanwa melania? Kun sami cikakkiyar amsa a sama, haka kuma akan zaren tattaunawar. A matsayin daya daga cikin hanyoyi masu ban mamaki a cikin wannan labarin mun ba da misalin kama nama cikin ayaba. Wannan hanyar tana aiki 100% kuma an gina shi ne akan ƙaunar katantanwa don lalata kwayoyin halitta.

1. Sayi ayaba a kasuwa.

2. Ku ci banana.

3. Bar peeli banana a rana ko a kan batirin domin ya zama ya yi duhu baki ɗaya.

4. Da dare, jefa kwasfa na ruɓaɓɓen banana a cikin akwatin kifaye tare da katantanwa suna narkewa.

5. Kuma da safe ... voila. Yawancin melanas akan kwasfa banana. Kawai dole ne a samu kuma girgiza katantanwa daga kwalin banana a cikin wuta.

Na tsawon dare biyu da ayaba 1, zaku iya rage mahimmancin katantanwa.

Rashin kyawun wannan hanyar ita ce ayaba yana ƙara adadin kwayoyin halitta zuwa akwatin kifaye na dare. Ruwa na iya samun dan gizagizai, amma ba matsala, matsalar ita ce idan da akwai “ruwa mara kyau” a cikin tanki - tare da kwararar manyan abubuwan kara karfin mahaifa NH4, NO2, NO3 kuma har yanzu kun jefa banana. gabaɗaya, babu wani abin kirki da zai same shi.

Hoto Snail Melania

Ka lura kuma cewa a cikin kantin sayar da kayayyakin abincin ana siyar da shirye-shiryen dabbobin: Sera Snailpur, Sera Snail Ex, Sera snail tattara, Tropical LIMNA TOX, JBL LimCollect II, Dajana Moluci da sauransu. Ba mu bayar da shawarar amfani da su ba. Da fari dai, yawancinsu ana katsewa saboda lahani ga yanayin halittar cikin ruwa (yawancin shirye-shiryen sun ƙunshi jan ƙarfe, wanda ba shi da illa kawai ga katantanwa, har ma da sauran kwayoyin halittar ruwa). Abu na biyu, waɗannan magungunan suna da wuya, ba a cikin kowane birni ba za'a iya samo su. Na uku, me yasa? Idan akwai tan na sauran hanyoyin aminci.

Sand Melania (Melanoides tuberculata)

Sand melania (Latin: Melanoides tuberculata da Melanoides granifera), wannan itace sananniyar ƙasa ta katako, wanda masu ruwa da tsaki a kansu suke ƙauna da ƙiyayya a lokaci guda.

A gefe guda, melania yana cin sharar gida, algae, kuma yana haɗuwa da ƙasa sosai, yana hana shi tsiro. A gefe guda, suna haɓakawa a cikin ɗimbin ban mamaki, kuma suna iya zama annoba ta gaske ga akwatin kifaye.

Rayuwa cikin yanayi

Da farko, sun rayu a kudu maso gabashin Asiya da Afirka, amma yanzu suna rayuwa cikin yanayi mai ban mamaki na wurare daban-daban na ruwa, a cikin kasashe daban-daban da kuma nahiyoyi daban-daban.

Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon rashin kulawar masu ruwa da ruwa ko ta ƙaura ta halitta.

Gaskiyar ita ce mafi yawan katantanwa suna shiga cikin sabon akwatin kifayen tare da tsire-tsire ko kayan ado, kuma sau da yawa maigidan bai ma san cewa ya samu baƙi ba.

Katantanwa na iya rayuwa a kowane akwatin ruwa, kuma a cikin yanayi na kowane ruwa, amma ba za su iya rayuwa ba idan yanayin yayi sanyi.

Su ne mai wuce yarda Hardy, kuma zasu iya rayuwa a cikin aquariums tare da kifin da ke ciyar da katantanwa, kamar tetraodons.

Suna da isasshen harsashi mai ƙarfi wanda tetraodon zai iya fasa ta, kuma suna cin lokaci mai yawa a cikin ƙasa, inda ba shi yiwuwa a same su.

Yanzu a cikin aquariums akwai nau'in niƙa biyu. Waɗannan su ne Melanoides tuberculata da Melanoides granifera.

Mafi na kowa shine narkewa da jakar, amma a zahiri tsakanin su dukkan bambance bambancen ƙarami ne. Tana daga gani ne kawai. Jikan da ke da kunkuntar mai tsayi da tsayi, tarin fuka tare da gajeru da kauri.

Yawancin lokaci suna kashe kansu don binne kansu a cikin ƙasa, wanda ke taimakawa masu ruwa da tsaki, saboda suna haɗu da ƙasa koyaushe, suna hana shi haɓaka. Cakuda hankali yayi yawo saman daddare.

Ba dalili ba ne cewa ana kiran Melania yashi, ya fi sauƙi a rayuwa a cikin yashi. Amma wannan baya nufin cewa baza su iya rayuwa cikin sauran ƙasa ba.

A gare ni suna jin daɗin ban mamaki a cikin tsakuwa mai kyau, kuma a cikin aboki, har ma a cikin akwatin kifaye, sun kusan ba tare da ƙasa kuma tare da manyan cichlids.

Abubuwa kamar tacewa, acidity da taurin kai basu da mahimmanci sosai, zasu dace da komai.

A wannan yanayin, ba za ku ma buƙatar yin ƙoƙari ba. Abinda kawai basa so shine ruwan sanyi, saboda suna rayuwa ne a cikin tsaunuka.

Suna kuma ƙirƙirar ƙaramin nauyin kayan ɗamara a kan akwatin kifin, kuma ko da lokacin da aka bred cikin ɗimbin yawa, ba za su shafi ma'auni a cikin akwatin kifaye ba.

Abinda kawai zai sha wahala daga gare su shine bayyanar akwatin kifaye.

Bayyan wannan katantanwa na iya bambanta dan kadan, kamar launi ko dogo mai tsayi. Amma, idan kun san ta sau ɗaya, ba za ku taɓa kuskuren ta ba.

Ciyar da abinci

Don ciyarwa, ba kwa buƙatar ƙirƙirar kowane yanayi kwata-kwata, za su cinye duk abin da ya saura na sauran mazaunan.

Hakanan suna cin wasu algae masu taushi, ta hakan zasu taimaka wajen tsaftace akwatin akwatin kifaye.

Amfanin narkewa shine cewa sun haɗu da ƙasa, don haka hana shi daga tsirowa da lalata.

Idan kuna son ciyar da ƙari, to, zaku iya ba kowane kwaya don catfish, yankakken da kayan lambu da aka dafa kaɗan - kokwamba, zucchini, kabeji.

Af, ta wannan hanyar, zaka iya kawar da yawan chalking mai yawa, ba su kayan lambu, sannan sai katse igiya cikin abinci.

Katantanwa katantanwa suna buƙatar halakarwa, amma kada ku yi sauri ku jefa su cikin magudanar ɗin, akwai lokuta idan sun fashe.

Abu mafi sauki shine a sanya su a cikin jaka a saka su a injin daskarewa.

An binne shi:

Kiwo

Su viviparous ne, katantanwa snaps kwai, daga abin da gaba daya kafa kananan katantanwa bayyana, wanda nan da nan burrow a cikin ƙasa.

Yawan jariri na iya bambanta gwargwadon girman katantanwa kansa kuma yawansu yakai 10 zuwa 60.

Don kiwo, babu abin da ake buƙata musamman, kuma karamin adadin zai iya cika da sauri ko da babban akwatin kifaye.

Zaka iya nemo yadda zaka rabu da yawan katsewa nan.

Kiwo

Melania jikanyar snail viviparous. Ba a buƙatar matakai na musamman don katantanwa na kiwo ba. Matan sun sami damar haihuwar zuriya ba tare da maza ba.

Yawanci, yawan katantanwa a cikin akwatin kifaye ɗaya za'a iya kasancewa mai sarrafa kansa, yawan jama'a basu wuce iyakar halatta ba. An wuce haddi na katantanwa kawai tsokani tsofaffin overfeeding. Kyakkyawan sakamako akan iko na ɗumbin jikoki ana ba su ta hanyar sanya su a cikin akwatin kifaye na snail Helena, wanda ke cin su.

Bayani da mazaunin halitta

Theasarsu mai zafi mai zafi mai zurfi ta gidan Thiaridae tana da nisa, a cikin ƙasashe masu ɗumi da danshi na Afirka (Maroko, Madagascar, Egypt), Kudancin Asiya (daga Gabas ta Tsakiya zuwa Sin da Indonesia) da Ostiraliya. Saboda rashin daidaituwarsa da yawan ɗimbinsa, nau'in yana haɓaka sabbin yankuna kuma ya riga ya ci Caribbean, kudancin Turai da Brazil. 'Yan mulkin mallaka suna zaune a cikin ƙasa, inda suke ninka da abinci a kan ƙananan abincin shuka. Melanias suna da matukar ƙarfi, kuma suna haihuwar da babban gudu.

Mollusk yayi kama da sauran takwarorinsa. Karfin yana kiyaye shi ta hanyar harsashi, wanda a cikin manya ya kai 4 cm a tsayi. Siffar harsashi mai kunkuntar kuma dogo ce, an kirkireshi ne a tsarin juyin halitta don kwanciyar hankali a cikin kasa. Launin gidan ya bambanta daga launin ruwan kasa mai haske zuwa duhu tare da ƙananan aibobi da ka shirya. A saman kai tsaye 2 (antennae), a gindin wanda sassan jikin hangen nesa suke. Na numfasa oxygen wanda aka narkar da cikin ruwa, akwai wadatattun kwayoyi. Don karewa daga maƙiyan a bakin matattarar akwai murfi da yake rufewa a yayin mummunan yanayi.

Yankuna da ke da mutane kusan 35,000 suna zaune kusa da gaɓoɓin ruwan jikinsu. Fi son wuraren yashi da siliki tare da ciyayi mai yawa. Suna jagorantar rayuwa mara kyau, suna bacci a lokacin rana, suna ɓoyewa cikin ƙasa.

Katantan ruwa mai zurfi suna da aminci ga kifin ruwan da zasu iya rayuwa a jikin ruwa tare da gishirin kusan 30%. Matsayin iskancin oxygen din shima ba mahimmanci bane. Abinda kawai yake da mahimmanci ga mollusk shine zafin jiki na ruwa. Don kwanciyar hankali, ruwa ya zama + 18 ... + 25 ° С.

Snail Melania Photo Gallery:

A cikin akwatin kifaye, wannan nau'in ba wai kawai tsunduma cikin tsabtatawa ba, amma irin nau'in alamu ne na ƙasa. Endingaukar mafi yawan lokaci a cikin ƙasa, yana amsa kai tsaye ga ayyukan lalata. A irin waɗannan halayen, ɗaukacin mazaunin ya tashi daga ƙasa zuwa sama.

Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar Melania shine shekaru 2. Wannan nau'in ba ya cikin hermaphrodites kuma ana buƙatar mutum biyu don fara kiwo. Maza yawanci sun fi girma.

Mista Tail ya ba da shawarar: iri

Aquariums dauke da nau'ikan Melania guda uku ne kawai:

• Tuberculate shine mafi yawan nau'in mollusk. Yana da wani abin asiri yadda suka shiga cikin tafki na mutum. Ana tsammanin wannan haɗari ne, katantanwa ta fito daga ƙasashe masu nisa akan algae, waɗanda aka shigo da su don siyarwa. Mollusks na jarirai ƙanana ne ƙanana da ba shi yiwuwa a gan su ba tare da kayan girke-girke ba, kuma sun fi so su ɓoye a cikin tushen tsirrai. Dogon conical na wannan nau'in launuka yana fentin launin toka kuma an rufe shi da buɗaɗɗen launuka da launuka masu launin shuɗi, zaitun da launin ruwan kasa. Yawancin lokaci girman harsashi ba ya wuce 3.5 cm, amma an san manyan mutane, sun kai 8 cm tsayi.

• An bambanta jikan da jinkirin ta a komai. Wannan nau'in ba ya ninka da sauri, yana motsawa a hankali kuma yana ɗan ƙaramin ɓangaren tafki. Mollusk yana daukar lokaci mai tsayi a saman, yana binciken duwatsun da daskararru na kasan. Katantanwa yana da harsashi mai faɗin, 2 cm tsayi da 1.5-2 a diamita. Launin harsashi ya cika, tare da ratsi da raunin wata inuwa mai duhu. Adadin ya yi kama da karkace.

• Ricketi kwafin Melania Tuberculate ne, amma har yanzu akwai wasu bambance-bambance. Wannan katantanwa ta fito ne daga tafkunan ruwa a cikin Singapore. Matsakaici da sifar kwasfa daidai suke, launi kawai ya kusanto launin ruwan kasa fiye da launin toka. Amma duk da bambance-bambance, ba duk masana kimiyya suka yarda da su a matsayin jinsin halitta daban.

Kayan yau da kullun na akwatin kifaye

Shellfish suna zaune a cikin ruwa mai gishiri da gishiri, suna da 'yanci daga acidity da taurin kai. Babban abu shine lura da tsarin zafin jiki (+ 20 ... + 28 ° C) kuma saita aeration. Ruwan dake cikin tanki dole ne ya kasance yana cike da oxygen.

Zaɓin ƙasa yana da matukar muhimmanci ga kiyaye Melania. Zai fi kyau bayar da fifiko ga yashi ko duwatsun matsakaici.

An sanya shinge masu yawa na wucin gadi da abubuwa na ado a cikin tanki: busasshen itace, ginin, kayan lefe.

Tsire-tsire a cikin tafki dole ne su sami ingataccen tsarin tushen da ganye mai wuya. In ba haka ba, katantanwa za su iya tono daji ko ci shi.

Abubuwan da ke tattare da abubuwan sun haɗa da tsabta na tanki da ingancin ƙasa. Katantanwa ko yaushe suna tono shi, yana hana shi haushi. Cin sauran abubuwan abinci da tsabtace gilashin akwatin kifaye, suna adana kifi da ciyayi daga cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtukan fungal.

Rashin daidaituwa ya haɗa da lambar su, wanda ke ƙaruwa koyaushe kuma ba a iya sarrafa shi ba.

A yanayin zafin ruwa (+30 ° C), rayuwar Melania ta ragu da rabi.

Yarbuwa

Ana iya kiyaye Shellfish tare da kusan kowane nau'in kifin zaman lafiya, amma akwai abokan gaba da yawa waɗanda ba za su taɓa barin katantanwa su kaɗai ba. An shigo da waɗannan dabbobin don rage yawan masarautu: cichlids, bots, anti-cystruses, tetradons, macropods, gourami, da kuma wasu nau'ikan kifin kifi. Hakanan akwai dangi mai ƙaddarawar Melania, alal misali, Helena, waɗanda suke da sauri suna cin irinsu.

Ba za a iya amfani da shi a cikin akwatin akwatin tare da maƙallan Kabombu a kowane nau'ikansa. Za su lalata tsarin tushen ƙaƙƙarfan aiki kuma ku ci ganyen lacy na shuka.

Cutarwa daga Melania da yadda za a rabu da mu

Babban hasara na abun ciki shine saurin girma cikin lambobi. Yawancin jama'a suna fara cin abinci ba kawai masu cutarwa ba, har ma da ciyayi masu amfani da hanyar tafarkin wucin gadi.

Don sarrafa yawan jama'a, ana bada shawara don amfani da hanyoyi da yawa:

• Yanke a cikin tafki na wani predatory jinsunan katantanwa Helena. Suna ciyar da smallan’uwa kaɗan, da sauri suka nemo su halaka.
• Kama kan zucchini da aka ci. Sanya kayan lambu a cikin akwatin kifaye da yamma. Da safe za a rufe shi da katantanwa, zai isa ya cire shi tare da wani ɓangaren mulkin mallaka.
• Ana tattara dabbobi da hannu ko ta amfani da yanar gizo, ana maimaita hanyar sau da yawa. Wannan hanya ce mai wahala kuma mara amfani.
• Yankewar tashin hankali zai haifar da matsananciyar yunwar oxygen a Melania, kuma za ta tashi zuwa saman, inda yake da sauki a tara. Wannan hanyar tana da haɗari, saboda tana iya cutar da sauran dabbobi da ke zaune a cikin tanki.

Abin da za a ciyar da chalking

Tushen abincin abincin chalking shine ƙananan algae, kwayoyin halitta mai lalata-da-sauran da sauran su. A cikin neman abinci, sai suka dunkule daskararru a sashin ƙasa kuma suka zurfafa zuwa cikin kauri, muddin ƙasar da ke nan babu taƙasa kuma ba ta damfara ta dutse da ƙanƙatattun saƙa na tushen ciyayi mafi girma.

Ba kamar yawancin katantanwan ruwa na ruwa da aka sani ga masu ruwa da ruwa ba, melanas yana numfasawa da gills, wato, suna iya shan iskar oxygen da ke narkar da ruwa kuma basa buƙatar kai hare-hare ta lokaci zuwa ruwa don kama kumburin iska. Haka ne, kuma suna haifuwa kwata-kwata, ana haihuwar su ne ta hanyar haihuwa.

A cikin wallafe-wallafen litattafan aquariums, jinsuna daya ne na snail melania (Oliver, 1804), watau sand melania (Mueller. 1774), bisa ga al'ada aka ambata. Amma ba daidai ba ne a yi la’akari da asalin monotypic, tunda a zahiri ana wakilta shi da wasu ƙarin jinsuna biyu: M.riqueti (Graleloup. 1840), wanda ke zaune a cikin sabbin ruwa na Singapore, da jikan melanie (Lamarck, 1822), wanda ke zaune a cikin ƙananan koguna da rafuffuka a ɓangaren yamma Malesiya. A cikin littattafai na musamman, ana iya samun waɗannan katantanwa a ƙarƙashin sunayen Tarebia granifera ko Tarebia daga baya.

Hoton jikanyar melania

Bugu da kari, akwai kuma Philipp mollusks M.turricula (Leo, 1862), amma har yanzu ba a tsai da tsare-tsaren tsarin su ba: bisa ga sifofin ilimin halittar jiki, suna da kusanci da M. tuberculata, kuma da yawa daga masana ilimin halittu suna ba su matsayin matsayinsu kawai. A lokaci guda, cikin sharuddan ilimin yanayin kasa, waɗannan mollusks sun bambanta. Idan ana samun mafi yawa daga sandar a cikin ruwa mai santsi da kuma tsayayyen ruwa, to, M.turricula ya fi son ƙananan koguna da rafuffuka tare da saurin gurɓataccen ruwan sha mai gudana. Wannan ya jagoranci, wasu masana sun bambanta waɗannan katantanwa a cikin tsari mai zaman kanta.

Melanin kowane nau'in yana da harsashi (turbospiral) harsashi, bakin wanda mollusk zai iya ɗauka tare da kwalbar lemun tsami. Irin wannan kofa yana ba da izinin saurin tserewa daga abokan gaba, kuma a cikin ƙari, don kula da microclimate da ake buƙata a cikin matattara na dogon lokaci kuma ta wannan hanyar jure canje-canjen yanayin muhalli na ɗan lokaci mai kyau. Amma koda ba tare da wannan kayan kariya ba, yiwuwar chalking yana da girma sosai. Suna yin tsayayya da yanayin zafi mai yawa (daga 18 zuwa 28 ° C), salinity (har zuwa 20 ppm), kusan a hankali basu kula da tsaurin ruwa ba, yanayin aiki, da sauran sigogin sunadarai.

Wataƙila mahimmancin mahimmancin mahimmanci don narkewa shine maida hankali ne game da narkewar oxygen. Tare da rashin sa, mollusks suna barin ƙasa kuma suna rugawa kusa da saman.

Mahalli na dabi'a

A yanayin yanayi, ana samun ruwan melania a jikin ruwan Asiya, Ostiraliya, da kuma kan Afirka. Kwanan nan, an ga yawancin ɗimbin waɗannan mollusks a kudancin Amurka da a cikin ƙasashen Turai da yawa.

Melania katantanwa sun fi so su zauna a kananan tafkuna a bakin tekun ko a cikin zurfin teku. Da wuya su faɗi ƙasa 1 m daga farfajiya. Theasar da aka fi so daga cikin waɗannan gastropods ita ce yashi mai laushi tare da karkatarwa.. Melania ya samar dauloli da yawa, har zuwa tsofaffi sama da dubu biyu ana iya kirga su akan m² 1, kuma tare da wadataccen abinci, duka 3,500.

Melania - wacece ita

Maganganu na dangin Thiaridae Melanoides, dan asalin Afirka ne, sannu a hankali ya bazu zuwa sassan ruwa na Asiya da Australiya. Ana ganin mulkin mallaka na katantanwa a Mexico, Brazil, jihohin kudu maso Amurka, da kuma Kudancin Turai.

A speckled launin toka jikin herbivorous gastropod mollusk da yake a ɓoye a cikin wani conical harsashi 25-35 mm high tare da 5-7 karkace juya. Launi - launin ruwan kasa mai haske tare da fata mai duhu ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu tare da saman baki. An rufe bakin matattarar a lokacin haɗari da mawuyacin yanayi tare da kwallar lemun tsami.

Jikin mollusk ya ƙunshi kai, kafa da jiki, an rufe shi da alkyabbar, wanda ke ba da kayan gini don "gidan". Hakanan akwai wadatattun kwayoyi a cikin rami na katako. A gindin manyan kannuna biyu na kan kai sune idanu.

Katantanwa ba sa ji kuma ba sa kara, suna sadarwa da juna ta taɓawa.

Melania na zaune kusa da bakin ruwa mai tsafta ko jikin ruwan gishiri tare da jinkiri. Amma wani lokacin mulkin mallaka har mutum dubu 1 a kowace murabba'in 1. m. faruwa a zurfin na 3-4 m. Tare da yalwar abinci shuka da duwatsu domin mafaka, mollusk al'umma girma zuwa 35 dubu.

Yin numfashi, katantanwa basa buƙatar iyo ta ruwa; oxygen narkar da ruwa ya isa. A yanayi ko a yanayin wucin gadi, rayuwar mollusks shekaru 2 ne.

Babu yanayi na musamman don narkewa. Mafi sau da yawa, ba zato ba tsammani suna shiga cikin akwatin kifaye tare da tsire-tsire, suna kama kan asalinsu. Mollusks sun gwammace ruwa aera da zazzabi na 22-28 ° C. Amma an yi rikodin lokuta lokacin mollusks na dogon lokaci tare da ƙaramin adadin oxygen ba tare da amfani da inita ba.

Isasan da aka fi son yashi, tare da diamita na hatsi ba fiye da 2 mm. Idan rukunin ya fi girma, katantanwa za su yi ƙoƙari sosai don tono tare da mashigar.

Duk da saurin daidaitawa da sabon mazaunin, ana ganin cewa ruwa tare da pH da ke ƙasa 6, ba shi da ma'adinin carbonates, yana lalata lemun tsami na mollusks.

Melania baya buƙatar ciyarwa, baya rasa ƙarancin algae, lalata abubuwa da ragowar abinci daga sauran mazaunan akwatin kifaye. A cikin abincin, zaku iya ƙara letas ganye, karas, cucumbers, allunan abinci don kifin kifi.

Amma game da ciyarwa, rigingimu a tsakanin magoya bayan mazaunan akwatin kifaye ba su yi ƙasa ba. Wasu sun ce karin abinci mai gina jiki yana adana tsirrai. Wasu kuma sunyi imani cewa babban sutturar kai tana haifar da haɓakar ƙaruwar jama'a, saurin yanayi don kiyaye kifaye Dukkan bangarorin biyu suna da gaskiya. Ko don ciyar da katantanwa shine zaɓi na masu.

Don kada tsire-tsire su zama abinci don nika, ana shuka iri iri tare da ganye mai kauri da tushen sa mai ƙarfi. Yi ado tafki tare da gaskiyar cewa katantanwa suna son ɓoye a bayan duwatsu, snags, shards.

Mollusks suna yin rayuwar da ba ta dace ba, a lokacin da suke haƙa cikin ƙasa. Saboda wannan, wani suna don melania ya bayyana - ƙurar ƙasa. Masu neman ruwaye na cikin ruwa ba za su iya sanin kasancewar baƙi a cikin wani tafki na gida ba sai lambobinsu sun yawaita. Tare da rashin rayayyun sararin samaniya, melanias ya tsaya ga saman kayan ado, algae. Taso kan ruwa zuwa farfajiya yayin da basa iya shawo kan tsabtace kasa, suna jin karancin iskar oxygen.

Bayyanar fasali da fasali

Harshen cochlea yana da nau'i na karkatar da keɓaɓɓun mahaifa, tsawon zai iya kai cm 3 Wannan sigar tana ba da izinin melania cikin sauƙi a cikin ƙasa. Launin launuka ya bambanta da launin toka-kore zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, wani lokacin ana iya ganin ƙananan datti ko tsokoki.

An rufe bakin matattarar idan akwai haɗari ko mawuyacin yanayi an rufe shi tare da murfin lemun tsami. Saboda haka, katantanwan ƙasa yana tserewa daga maharba da jira don canje-canjen muhalli mara kyau, yayin riƙe microclimate mara kyau na ciki.

Wannan nau'in mollusk yana da gills kuma yana narkar da iskar oxygen a cikin ruwa.. Melanias basu da kullun tashi zuwa saman tare da numfashin sabo iska. Suna barin ƙasa kawai tare da karancin O₂, a cikin wannan yanayin sun tsaya a gefen ruwan.

Iri chalking

Daga cikin nau'ikan jinsin nika, uku kawai za'a iya samu a cikin akwatin kifaye:

• Kwayar cutar sankara ta Melania (Melanoides tuberculata),
• Melania jikada (Melanoides granifera),
• Melania riqueti (Melanoides riqueti).

Juyawa

A cikin jerin ruwayoyin mai son, nau'in farkon nau'in ƙwayar katantanwa - tarin fuka - ana samun mafi yawan lokuta fiye da wasu. Ba'a san takamaiman yadda suka fara samun rami ba, amma akwai wani nau'in da aka kawo su tare da tsire-tsire daga tafkunan Asiya ko Afirka ko tafkunan. Zai yi wuya a lura da sabon katantanwa ko da a ƙarƙashin gilashi mai ɗaukaka, musamman idan yana ɓoye a cikin tushen sa da yawa.

Shell conical elongated tuberculates, yawanci launin toka, gauraye da kore, zaitun da ruwan kasa. Dirin da ke kusa da bakinsa ya kai mm 7, tsawonsa ya kai 3-3.5 cm a wasu ayyukan kimiyya, an ambaci manyan gilasai 7-8 cm.

Granifer

Jakar tana da gajeriyar gajere kuma mai fadi: tsayi - har zuwa 2 cm, diamita - 1-1.5 cm. launinta ya fi kamari, sau da yawa tare da rabe-raben rabe-rabe da karaya a kaikaice da kwarkwata daga karkace.

Ana bambanta waɗannan nau'ikan ta hanyar haɓaka da ƙimar haihuwa, kazalika da saurin motsi. Masu sihiri sun yi saurin lalacewa a duk waɗannan alamun. Yawancin lokaci suna fantsama daga ƙasa kuma a hankali suna bincika farfaɗin snags ko duwatsu. Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa na jikan shi ne cewa sun mamaye wani sashi na kasan, kuma kada su yada a cikin tafkin.

Rickett

Ana samun Melania ricketi a cikin tafkuna na Singharur. A waje, a zahiri basu bambanta da tarin fuka ba, saboda haka wasu kwararru basa bambanta su da wani tsarin daban.

Kantunan katako mai ruwan melania basu da tarko ga ruwa, babban abinda ya shafi rayuwarsu shine isashshen oxygen. Don yin wannan, tafkin na wucin gadi dole ne a sanye shi da tsarin tazara. Melania na iya wanzu a cikin ruwan gishiri, akwai lokuta lokacin da aka samo ikon mallakar mollusks a cikin tafki tare da ƙanshin ruwan kusan 30%.

Matsakaicin zafin jiki don kiyaye katantanwa shine 20-28 ° C. Matsakaici da ruwan acid ba su da mahimmanci, tunda waɗannan sigogi ba su shafar lafiyar katantanwa.

Karka yi amfani da ƙasa sosai, saboda zai zama da wahala ga katantanwa numfashi. An zaɓi ƙaramin ƙasa don mai bayarwa, wannan saboda girman siffar kwasfa, wanda yafi wahalar haƙa zurfi a ciki.

Tsire-tsire masu taushi-na iya zama ƙarin tushen ciyarwa don ciyarwa, sabili da haka, nau'in jinsin da ke da wuya tare da tushen tushen iko shine mafi kyawun shuka a cikin akwatin kifaye tare da yawan jama'a.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Tushen abincin abinci na melania shine ƙananan algae da bazuwar kwayoyin. Da yake suna kama abubuwan gurɓatattu (halittun da ke ci gaba da lalata kayan halitta), ba za su ƙi ƙyanɗɗun leas ɗin, kokwamba ko ƙyashi ba, har da ragowar abincin kifi.

Tare da rashin abinci, haɓakawa da ci gaban katantanwa ya ragu. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki yana hana tsarin haifuwa aiki.

Sand melania

Loaunatattun ƙa'idodi sun saba da kansar yashi. Katantanwan wannan nau'in sun daɗe a mazaunin aquariums kuma kusan sashe ne mai gamsarwa game da yanayin yanayin kwastomomin cikin gida na ado. Ba shi yiwuwa a bincika tarihin shiga cikin al'adunsu. Wataƙila wannan ya faru ne ba da jimawa ba kuma an kawo su tare da tsire-tsire daga wasu rafin Asiya ko Afirka. Haka kuma, melanias yakan tashi daga wannan akwatin zuwa wani. Yana da matukar wahala a hana irin wannan ƙaura: yana da wahalar tantancewa (har da maɗaukaki) sabon melanas a lokacin farin ƙarfe na tushen wata ko wata shuka mai ruwa.

Zai fi wuya a gano su a cikin yawan tsakuwa ko tsakuwa. Don dogaro da kasar gona daga mollusks, za a buƙaci matakan tsattsauran ra'ayi irin su cincin ko tafasa, kuma ba koyaushe yana yiwuwa a aiwatar da su ba, aƙalla lokacin da ya zo da manyan kundin girma. An yi sa'a, yanayin da ke nuna buƙatar waɗannan matakan tashoshin ba su da yawa.

Stock Foto Sandy melania

Yankin melania yashi yana da elongated, nuna, tare da diamita a cikin yanki mafi fadi - kusa da bakin - kusan 5-7 mm da tsawon 30-35 mm (a cikin wallafe-wallafen akwai nassoshi ga ƙattai har zuwa 7-8 cm tsayi).

Babban launi yana launin toka tare da kwalliya ta fannoni daban daban na launin kore, zaitun, sautunan launin ruwan kasa.

Lsaƙwalwar Karkace da kwasfa a bakin tana da faɗi kuma yana da ƙari. A kansu, launin rawaya mai launin ruwan kasa a bayyane yake bayyane, daidaitacce, a matsayin mai mulkin, a layi ɗaya da ƙashin kwasfa. Tsawon, nisa, launi iri iri da kuma yanayin tsarin da aka gindaya su. Lokaci-lokaci, ana samun katantanwa wanda launin launi ɗaya ko biyu na curls na farko ya bambanta asali da launuka na wasu: irin waɗannan mutane suna yin ado sosai, musamman idan ana batun hada filayen duhu da haske.

Ya kamata a lura, duk da haka, cewa tare da matsakaicin adadin katantanwa, ƙoshin ƙasa mai gamsarwa da samun iska ta yau da kullun, ba za ku iya sha'awan yawancin ruwan yashi a cikin akwatin kifaye masu haske ba. Ba wannan ba ne masu jin kunya, amma har yanzu a farkon dama suna ƙoƙari su haƙa ƙasa. Adadin nutsewa ya dogara da tsarin ƙasa: finer da barbashi, da sauri chalking ya ɓace daga idanu.

Af, da ra'ayin cewa wadannan katantanwa ba tare da ƙasa za su iya rayuwa na 'yan sa'o'i ne ƙwarai kara.

Ko ta yaya, sabili da gwajin, na sanya wasu chalks biyu a cikin akwatin kifaye masu girma, inda, baya ga kayan aikin da ake buƙata, echinodorus filastik da dozin mai yawa dozin, babu wani abu. Ya lura da lokacin shuka lokacin rubutawa a littafinsa kuma ya fara jira (bari “kore” ya yafe mani) saboda wannan mutuƙar ta mollusks. Da farko, sun sarrafa yanayin su kusan kowane awa, sannan lissafin ya tafi kwana ɗaya, har sati guda.

A rana ta ashirin da uku ta faru. A'a, ba a duk abin da nake tsammani ba: maimakon, bisa ga umarnin a cikin wallafe-wallafe a kan hanyoyin ruwa, a hankali cikin motsi zuwa wata duniyar, katantanwar yashi sun yi nau'in nasu - kankanin (kadan a kan milimita tsawon) cubs a cikin adadin guda 5.

Ba zan iya cewa an haifi melania haka ba. Na yarda gaba daya cewa haihuwar su tayi 'yan kwanaki a baya kuma kawai ban mai da hankali ga wadannan halittun da ba a san su ba (musamman tunda ban nemi su ba, suna shiga ne a kan sakamako na gwaji).

Melania girma a hankali isa. Tsawon wata daya sun kara zuwa farawa na kawai 5-6 mm (don kwatantawa: coils a daidai wannan lokacin sun zama kusan manya). Wataƙila a cikin ƙasa mai ƙarancin arziki, haɓakarsu yana sauri.

Melania jakar a cikin akwatin kifaye

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wani nau'in melania ya yi "rajista" a cikin jerin ruwayoyin Rasha - narkewa da jikan. A ganina, sun fi kyau da jituwa fiye da danginsu. Doman itacen da aka zana, wanda aka zana a cikin sautunan launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, ana ɗaure shi da yawa gwargwado: tsawo na mazugi ya ƙanƙanta (har zuwa 2 cm), kuma diamita ya fi girma (1.0-1.5 cm). Tsohon tsohuwar curls suna da tsari mai sauƙi tare da haske, kusan fararen nasihu da ramuka masu duhu.

Wataƙila, wannan adadi ya ƙaddara zaɓin sunan Latin na jinsunan, wanda ma'anarsa shine "ɗaukar hatsi". A cikin littattafan turanci, ana kiransa a ƙarƙashin sunan "Quilted melania" - wato patchwork, ko quilted.

Hoton jikanyar melania

Al'adun 'ya'yan babban mata sun sha bamban da na danginsu. Su ne mafi thermophilic, mafi capricious dangane da abun da ke ciki na ƙasa kuma a lokaci guda da ɗan ƙarancin kusanci da shi. Mafi dacewa a gare su shine yanki na ƙasa na mm 1-2, wato, yashi mai kauri.

A cikin kasar, wanda ya kunshi mafi girman barzahu da nauyi, yana da wahala wadannan katantanwa su murkushe harsashi mai fadi. Amma M. granifera yana da karin lokaci a wurin, yana mai da hankali kan sarkoki da manyan duwatsu. Kuma idan bayyanar narkewar talakawa a jikin bango na akwatin kifaye, abubuwan kayan ado, tsirrai na nuna rashin kyawun yanayi a cikin ƙananan rijiyoyin, to, wannan alamar ba ta aiki dangane da narkewar gwal.

Idan aka kwatanta da sandar ƙwayar yashi, jakai suna da hankali. Wannan ya shafi duka motsin motsi, da kuma adadin daidaitawa da haifuwa.

Yawan yashi melania yana haɓaka cikin sauri. Ya isa ya shiga cikin akwatin kifayen na ma'aunin balagagge biyu (suna da haihuwa haifuwa, wanda ke buƙatar abokin tarayya), kamar yadda a cikin wata ɗaya ko katantanwa biyu za a iya gyarawa a cikin adadi da yawa. Don samun isasshen adadin yawan jama'a, jingina zai buƙaci aƙalla watanni 6-8.

Akwai bambanci daya. Idan melanias talakawa sun kasance a ko'ina cikin fadin ƙasa gaba ɗaya, to, manyan jikokin sun haɗu da wasu al'ummomin karkara, suna mai da hankali akan wasu ɓangarorin ƙasa. Misali, a cikin akwatin kifaye na an rarraba su musamman kusa da mai bayar da tushe.

Wataƙila wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a nan kusan koyaushe akwai wadataccen abinci na abinci wanda kifi bai ba da sanarwa ba, kuma a wasu wurare masu sihiri ba su da ikon yin gasa cikin sharuddan abinci tare da nimble M. tuberculata. Ko da yake, dukkan jinsuna biyu suna da kyau a cikin tafkunan gida guda. Koyaya, koda a cikin yanayi na al'ada, jikunansu sau tari.

Ina tsammanin cewa injin yana da kyawawan halaye don zama ɗayan shahararrun abubuwa a cikin akwatin kifin ado.Tabbas bayyanar wadannan mollusks da kuma tsinkaye, hanyar rayuwa mara tsayayye to tabbas zai taka rawa anan. Bayan haka, yanayin ƙwayar talakawa, idan ba ku kama manyan mutane a kai a kai ba, yana girma da yawa, kuma, a ƙarshe, ƙasa ta fara motsawa daga zahiri daga yawan katantanwa da ke zaune cikinta.

Kuma grabbers za sannu a hankali da zare jiki a hankali da ƙanƙan da rijiyoyin na cikin kandami na cikin gida, yin aikinsu na alheri da kuma a lokaci guda ba dame aquarist tare da m redundancy.

Lambar kulawa

Ko da tare da babban katantanwa katantanwa, melanias bai haifar da babban kaya ba akan tsarin halittar akwatin kifaye. Wani al'amari mabanbanta wani al'amari ne na ado. Manyan tarin yawa na chalking ba su da kyan gani kuma suna lalata kwatancen tafki na wucin gadi.

Don kawar da chalking, ana amfani da hanyoyi da yawa:

1. Ana sanya ganyen kabeji da yaushi ko baƙaƙe na banana a ƙasa a cikin akwatin kifin. A cikin dare, yawancin katantanwa za su kasance a wannan tarko na musamman, tare da wanda aka fitar da su daga ruwa.
2. Kuna iya cire mayyar da ya wuce kima ta hanyar hana aeration. Tare da rashin isashshen oxygen, katantanwa sun fashe daga ƙasa kuma su zauna a farfajiya inda za'a tattara su ba tare da matsala ba. Wannan hanyar na iya yin tasiri ga sauran mazaunan akwatin kifaye, saboda haka ba a da wuya a yi amfani da shi, kazalika da amfani da sinadarai.
3. Don rage yawan chalking can da hanyar ƙirar halitta. Don yin wannan, ana sanya nau'in kifi na asali, alal misali, tetradons, ko katantanwa katako, helen, ana sanya su a cikin akwatin kifaye.

Babu buƙatar rush don jefa katakon katantanwa ko zamewa cikin bayan gida. Hanya mafi sauƙin kai mutum ita ce sanya su cikin injin daskarewa, inda a hankali suke barci. Wuce haddi za'a iya ɗauka zuwa kantin sayar da dabbobi ko rarraba wa sauran masu binciken ruwa.

Sakamakon haka, fa'idodin waɗannan mazaunan cikin akwatin kifaye masu yawan gaske sun fi lahanin cutar daga haɗarinsu na cosmic. Melania kyakkyawan malalewa ne ga ƙasa, yayin da yake da ƙarfi sosai, baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman kuma a hankali yayi aikinsa.

Ribobi da fursunoni

Ko da kuwa ana maraba da baƙi ko baƙi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, suna da fa'ida da rashin fa'ida, dangane da adadin katantanwa.

Fa'idodin akwatin kifaye:

• magudana ƙasa, hana hana ruwa, da samuwar gubobi,
• ku ɗanɗana abin da ke jujjuya ƙwayoyin halitta, suna ƙarɓar yanayin muhalli na tafki,
• sarrafa yaduwar algae,
• sha alli, rage taurin ruwa,
• kwayoyin suna fitar da kwayar cutar pathogenic, kuma suna samar da ruwa sosai,
• iyo a farfajiya, siginar mai son aquarist game da buƙatar tsabtace janar a cikin tafki,
• godiya ga yawancin “hakora” don nika mai yawa, melania ta iya cire adibas daga duwatsu kuma tsaftace ganuwar akwatin kifaye.

Koyaya, akwai mahimman rashin nasara waɗanda ke nunawa zuwa mafi girma tare da babban adadin jama'a.

• Girma na yawan chalking yana haifar da tsangwama tare da aiki na al'ada na sauran mazaunan rafin wucin gadi,
• mollusks masu kiwo
• katantanwa sau da yawa yada cututtukan cuta da kamuwa da cuta,
• sharar gida kayayyakin babban mallaka na kara dagula ruwa. Domin adadin kwayoyin da aka kwato sun wuce adadin da zasu iya sha.

Asionarnawar chalking - abin da za a yi

Idan katantanwa sun buge fiye da ma'auni, ana zubar da su ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:

1. Kafin zuwa gado, ana sanya ƙulla a ƙasan akwatin kifin. Ganyen kabeji, yankakken kokwamba ko kuma zucchini yanka zaiyi. A cikin dare, katantanwa suna manne da kayan lambu a garesu. Abinda ya rage shine kawai a cire tarko daga ruwan kuma girgiza mollusks. Kwasfa daga ayaba yana aiki yadda ya kamata, amma ƙaramin wannan tarko shi ne cewa a cikin datti cikin ruwa gurɓataccen abubuwan da ke tattare da abubuwa masu narkewa zai karu.
2. Yawancin lokaci, amma sake kunna akwatin kifaye yana da tasiri. Bayan jigging kifi wanke tanki, kayan ado, tsirrai. Sifted daga impurities kuma tafasa kasar gona. Wadannan matakan suna taimakawa wajen kawar da murhun katantanwa da kuma narke kansa.
3. Abokan ruwa na cikin gida suna zama ne da magabatansu, suna ɓarnatar da wasu kifin na kifaye daga maƙwabta masu tayar da hankali. Duk da tsananin karsashi, wasu mollusks suna cin mollusks, haka kuma bots da tetradons. Kifi mai zurfi a ƙasa yana jin daɗin kwanciyar hankali na caviar. Abokan halitta na narkewa sune katantanwa na Helena.
4. Ana kashe mai gudanarda na dan lokaci, wanda zai tilasta katantanwa su tashi zuwa saman, a inda aka mamaye su da tarko. Wannan hanyar ma'amala da yawan ƙwayar melania yana da haɗari ga sauran mazaunan, kula da rashin isashshen sunadarin oxygen a cikin ruwa. Don haka, kifi, jatan lande da sauran mazauna wurin dole ne a dasa su yayin farauta na niƙa.

Amfani da sinadarai bawai barata bane. Ko da kifin na nan da rai, za a ɗauke matattun katakai daga ƙasa. Don yin wannan, dole ne a canza ko wanke ƙasa.

Melania yana da amfani ga akwatin kifaye a cikin adadi kaɗan. Kafin ku kirkiri mollusks a cikin tafki, ya kamata ku auna fa'idodi da rashin amfani, don fahimtar ko amfanin su shine ƙoƙarin da aka kashe akan ƙididdige lambobi.