Mene ne kuliyoyi da karnuka za su yi mafarki kuma suna iya tuna mafarkinsu? Nikolay Karpov, malamin sashen ilimin dabbobi da ilimin dabbobi da na mutum da dabbobi, Cibiyar nazarin halittu, Jami'ar Jihar Tyumen.
Yanayin bacci har yanzu ba a fahimta. Amma gaskiyar cewa bacci ya kasu kashi biyu: jinkirin da sauri an san shi tabbas. Magana game da mutane, yawancin mafarkan da muke gani yayin saurin yanayin bacci. A lokacin jinkirin, muna iya samun abinda zamu yi mafarki game da shi, amma irin waɗannan mafarkai da wuya su tashi kuma yawanci ana manta da su ne bayan farkawa.
Yin magana game da abin da ke faruwa a kwakwalwar dabbobi yafi wahala. Da farko, wannan bashi cikin shakka. Masana kimiyya basu sami tsarin bacci mai sauri a cikin kifi, amphibians da dabbobi masu rarrafe ba. A cikin tsuntsaye, yayi gajarta sosai kuma baya wuce 1% na yawan lokacin bacci. Amma a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa, bacci mai sauri yana ɗaukar 1/5 na jimlar bacci. Haka kuma, a cikin kuliyoyi, karnuka da sauran masu farautar, yana da kusan 20% na jimlar lokaci, a cikin zomaye da sauran wuraren kiwo - babu sama da 5-10%.
Sannan kimantawa. A zaton cewa dabbobi suma suna da mafarki yayin tafiyar azumi, yafi wuya a faɗi abinda suke mafarki. Anan wani sunan na REM ya zo don cetar - “rashin daidaituwa”. Misalinsa shine ayyukan kwakwalwa yayin wannan lokacin daidai yake da lokacin farkawa. A lokaci guda, bisa ga ɗayan ka'idojin abubuwan da ke faruwa game da mafarki a cikin mutane, hotuna daga rayuwa suna tashi cikin mutum mai bacci. Idan haka ne, yana yiwuwa dabbobi su ga wani abu mai kama da haka. Haka kuma, suna da tunatarwa, kodayake tsawon lokacinsu basu wuce 20 seconds ba. Don haka kuliyoyi na iya tunanin mafarkin abin da suka farauto, linzamin kwamfuta na cikin gida wanda ke zagaye da dabaran, tsuntsaye kuma suna rera wakarsu.
An tabbatar da cewa, alal misali, a cikin kuliyoyi, ƙwaƙwalwar ajali na ɗan lokaci shine kimanin awanni 16, yayin cikin karnuka - mintuna 5 ne kawai. Saboda haka, idan kun ɓoye magani daga cat kuma ta same ta, za ta tuna da wannan kusan kusan kwana ɗaya. Kuma kare zai manta game da yummy kusan nan da nan.
Ingantaccen haɓaka a cikin kuliyoyi da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar lokaci. Cortex cortex ce ke da alhaki, wanda kusan sau biyu yana da cukudu a cikin su kamar na karnuka. Idan an adana abubuwan tunawa cikin dogon lokaci, suna tarawa. Saboda haka, kuliyoyi ku tuna wasu wurare da mutane shekaru.
Gaskiya ne, ba shi yiwuwa a amsa tambaya a cikin wane ne dabbobi suke da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mafi kyau. Don haka, chimpanzees yana nuna abubuwan al'ajabi na ƙwaƙwalwar ajali na ɗan gajeren lokaci, a cikin zakuna a cikin teku, akasin haka, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar lokaci yana da kyau a haɓaka, kuma a cikin ɗakunan ruwa guda biyu ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya suna da haɓaka. Hauren giwayen sun iya haddacewa da bin diddigin wuraren da wakilai 30 na garken su ke. Amma masana kimiyya musamman suna da karamin tsuntsu - ɗan kwaya na Amurka. Ta iya tuna wurin da dabino na Pine 33,000! Kuma ta ɓoye su a cikin ganye mai fadi, kuma tana fitar da tuni daga dusar ƙanƙara.
Ana nazarin fasalin ƙwaƙwalwar dabbobi a cikin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen, ya yiwu a tabbatar da cewa a cikin kwakwalwar dabbobi masu shayarwa akwai irin wannan tsarin don tunawa da mafarkai kamar yadda mutane suke. Don haka ne za su iya tuna mafarkai. Amma wannan alama ce kawai, kodayake bisa hujjojin kimiyya. Bayan duk, idan dabbobi suna tuna abin da suka yi mafarki, ashe har yanzu ba za su fada ba.
Ya zama sananne abin da dabbobi ke gani
Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa dabbobi, kamar mutane, na iya yin mafarki. Yawancin masu mallakar karnuka sun lura cewa yayin bacci dabbobin gidan su ke tashi, suna motsa kafafunsu, suna rawar jiki ko ma suna kokarin ciji wani abu. Nazarin da masana ilimin halitta daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts suka gudanar ya nuna cewa a matakin tsarin, kwakwalwar karnuka tana kama da kwakwalwar mutum, kuma tana biye da matakai guda na ayyukan lantarki da ake lura da su a jikin dan adam, in ji psychologytoday.com.
Haka kuma, an gano cewa koda dabbobi masu karami da marasa galihu suna iya yin mafarki. Don haka, berayen gwaje-gwajen da dole su gudana ta hanyar hadaddun iska yayin rana, suna yin hukunci ta hanyar bayanan lantarki da aka ɗauka daga hippocame (yankin da ke tattare da kwakwalwa da haɓakawa da ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya), suka gan shi cikin dare. Ana ganin irin hoto iri ɗaya a cikin mutane, masana halayyar ɗan adam sun ce. Mutane yawanci suna mafarkin abubuwan da suka faru ranar da ta gabata a zahiri.
Masana kimiyya, bisa ga sanarwarsu, har ma sun gudanar, godiya ga yin bincike, don tantance kusancin wurin labyrinth wanda berayen suka kasance a wasu lokutan barci. A cewar masana ilimin halayyar dan adam, akwai wani tsari na musamman a cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa wanda zai iya sarrafa mafarkai da hana jiki amsa hotunan da aka buga a mafarki. Tare da jaddada ayyukan wannan yankin, masanan kimiyya sun lura cewa kare ya fara motsawa, kodayake yana cikin matakin zurfin bacci.
Dayyade ko dabbobin ku na mafarki mai sauki ne, masana kimiyya sun yi bayani. Idan numfashi ya zama na din-din-din, kuma wata gabar jiki ta fara motsawa da gangan, idanun karnukan suna motsawa a bayan rufewar idanuwanta - tana da mafarki wanda yayi kama da wani abu da ya faru a rayuwa ta zahiri. Masana ilimin halayyar dan adam sun yi imanin cewa idan dabba ko mutum ya farka a wannan lokacin na mafarki, zai iya tuna abin da ya kunsa daidai kuma zasu iya fada abin da sukayi mafarkin.
Ka tuna, wani bincike game da zamantakewar jama'a wanda Cornell da Jami'o'in New York suka shirya ya nuna cewa saduwa da jima'i a cikin taron guda na iya kara girman kai, da rage damuwa da damuwa, in ji Rambler.