Wutar lantarki - harda crocodiles basa tsoron sa * Fishe

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Wutar lantarki (lat. Electrophorus Electricus) shine ɗayan fishan kifin da suka haɓaka ikon samar da wutar lantarki, wanda ke ba kawai taimakawa cikin daidaituwa, har ma da kashewa.

Yawancin kifaye suna da gabobin musamman waɗanda ke samar da filin lantarki mai rauni don kewayawa da bincika abinci (alal misali, kifi giwar). Amma ba kowa bane ke da damar bugun wadanda abin ya shafa da wannan wutar, kamar yadda igiyar lantarki ke yi!

Ga masana kimiyyar halittu, eel na wutan lantarki wani sirri ne. Ya haɗu da halaye iri-iri, galibi mallakar kifayen daban-daban.

Kamar mala'iku da yawa, yana buƙatar numfasawa iskar oxygen zuwa rayuwa. Yana amfani da mafi yawan lokacinsa a kasan, amma ya kan tashi kowane minti 10 don hadiye oxygen, don haka yana samun fiye da 80% na oxygen da yake buƙata.

Duk da kamannin sa na mayu, na lantarki yana kusa da kifin wuka da ke zaune a Afirka ta Kudu.

Bidiyo - eel ya kashe kada:

Rayuwa cikin yanayi

An fara bayyana m eel na lantarki a 1766. Wannan kifin ruwan sanannen gari ne wanda ke zama a Kudancin Amurka tare da duk tsawon kogin Amazon da Musicoco.

Ku yi tsit a cikin wurare masu ɗumi, amma ruwan turbid - haraji, rafuffuka, tafkuna, har ma da fadama ruwa. Wurare da ke da karancin abun cikin oxygen a cikin ruwa baya tsoratar da wutan lantarki, saboda yana da ikon yin numfashi oxygen, bayan hakan yakan hau zuwa saman kowane minti 10.

Wannan baƙar magana ce da ke shigowa, wanda ba shi da hangen nesa kaɗan kuma ya dogara da ƙari akan filin wutan lantarki, wanda yake amfani da shi don jan ragamar sararin samaniya. Additionari ga haka, tare da taimakonsa, ya nemo kuma ya gurɓata ganima.

Matasa ƙwallan lantarki suna ciyar da kwari, amma mazan da suka manyanta suna cin kifi, 'yan tsuntsaye, tsuntsaye, har ma da dabbobi masu shayarwa da suka yawo cikin tafki.

Hakanan an sauƙaƙe rayuwarsu ta haƙiƙa cewa a cikin dabi'ar su kusan babu masu ƙaddarar halitta. Rashin wutar lantarki na walƙiya na 600 na wuta ba kawai zai iya kashe kada ba, har ma da doki.

Bayanin

Jikin yana da elongated, cylindrical a siffar. Wannan babban kifi ne, a cikin yanayin blackheads na iya girma zuwa 250 cm tsayi kuma yana nauyin sama da 20 kilogiram. A cikin akwatin kifayen, yawanci suna ƙarami, kusan 125-150 cm.

A lokaci guda, za su iya rayuwa na kusan shekaru 15. Yana haifar da fitarwa tare da ƙarfin lantarki har zuwa 600 V da ƙarfin halin yanzu har zuwa 1 A.

Baffa ba shi da finfin doarba, maimakon haka, yana da fin fin fin tsawan tsawo, wanda yake amfani da shi wajen iyo. Shugaban ya lalace, tare da babban falon baki.

Launin jikin mutum galibi duhu launin toka tare da amai. Matashi mai ruwan zaitun tare da rawaya masu launin shuɗi.

Matsayin wutan lantarki wanda ke iya samar da kwalliya ya fi na wasu kifi a danginsa. Yana samarwa da taimakon babban jiki, wanda ya kunshi dubunnan abubuwan da suke samar da wutar lantarki.

A zahiri, kashi 80% na jikinsa an rufe shi da irin waɗannan abubuwan. Lokacin da yake hutawa, babu fitarwa, amma lokacin da aka samar da filin lantarki mai aiki a kusa da shi.

Matsakaicin sa na yau da kullun shine kilo 50 50, amma yana iya samarwa har zuwa 600 volts. Wannan ya isa ya gurgunta yawancin kifaye, kuma har ma da dabba girman doki, hakan yana da haɗari ga mutane, musamman mazaunan ƙauyukan bakin teku.

Yana buƙatar wannan filin lantarki don daidaituwa a sararin samaniya da farauta, amma an gama don kariyar kai. Hakanan an yi imani cewa tare da taimakon filin lantarki, maza suna bincika mata.

Wuraren lantarki biyu a cikin akwatin ruwa daya yawanci ba sa tare da juna, sun fara cin karo da juna da rawar jiki. A wannan batun, kuma a cikin hanyar farautarsa, yawanci suna ƙunshe a cikin akwatin kifaye guda ɗaya kawai.

Wuya a cikin abun ciki

Tsayawa kwalliyar lantarki mai sauki ce, idan har za ku iya samar da shi da akwatin kifin mai fili kuma ku biya don ciyarwa.

A matsayinka na mai mulki, abu ne mara misaltawa, yana da kyakkyawar ci kuma yana ci kusan kowane nau'in abincin furotin. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, zai iya samar da wutar lantarki har zuwa 600 na halin yanzu, saboda haka kawai masanan aquarists na buƙatar su kula da shi.

Mafi yawan lokuta ana adana shi ko ta hanyar ɗalibai masu son sha'awa, ko a wuraren kiwon dabbobi da kuma nune-nunen.

Ciyar da abinci

Mai ɗaukar hoto, shi ne duk abin da zai iya hadiyewa. A cikin yanayi, yawanci kifi ne, 'yan tsirrai, ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa.

Matasa kifi suna cin kwari, amma kifayen manya sun fi son kifi. Da farko suna buƙatar ciyar da kifi mai rai, amma suna iya cin abinci mai gina jiki irin su fillet ɗin kifi, jatan landan, naman mussel, da dai sauransu.

Da sauri suna fahimtar lokacin da za'a ciyar dasu kuma su tashi zuwa sama don rokon abinci. Karka taɓa su da hannunka, wannan na iya haifar da mummunan girgiza wutar lantarki!

Ku ci Zubin Kifi:

Wannan babban kifi ne wanda yake cinye mafi yawan lokaci a ƙasan akwatin kifaye. A gareshi, ana buƙatar ƙarawa na lita 800 ko fiye don ta iya motsawa da buɗe cikin sauƙi. Ka tuna cewa har ma a zaman talala, mala'iku suna girma sama da mita 1.5!

Juveniles suna girma da sauri kuma sannu a hankali suna buƙatar ƙara girma. Kasance cikin shiri cewa zaku buƙaci akwatin ruwa daga lita 1,500, har ma fiye da haka don ci gaba da ma'aurata.

Saboda wannan, ƙwaƙwalwar lantarki ba ta shahara sosai kuma ana samun ta musamman a wuraren kiwon dabbobi. Kuma a, har yanzu yana da girgiza wutar lantarki, zai iya cutar da mai shi da wuri cikin duniya mafi kyau.

Wannan babban kifin da ke barin abubuwa da yawa sharar gida yana buƙatar matatar mai ƙarfi sosai. Zai fi kyau waje, kamar yadda kifi a sauƙaƙe ya karya duk abin da ke cikin akwatin kifaye.

Tun da yake makaho ne kamar yadda yake gani, baya son haske mai haske, amma yana son taguwa da kuma mafaka. Zazzabi don kiyaye 25-28 ° С, taurin 1 - 12 dGH, ph: 6.0-8.5.

Wutar lantarki: bayanin

Wutar lantarki tayi kama da maciji. Yana da fata mai laushi iri ɗaya, dogayen silima da fatar kai mai faffadar baki. Kifayen ba su da finfin dorsal; dogon fin fin yana taimakawa yin iyo sosai.

A cikin yanayi na halitta, blackheads na lantarki na iya girma zuwa mita uku a tsayi tare da nauyin kilo arba'in. A cikin akwatin kifaye, kifayen wannan nau'in ba su wuce mita daya da rabi a tsawon sa. Mace sunfi maza yawa.

A saman, launi na diddigin launin kore ne mai duhu ko launin toka. Domarancin kifin lantarki tare da launuka masu launin shuɗi ko ruwan lemo. Matasa mai zazzabi mai launin fata tare da rawaya masu launin shuɗi.

A bangaren gaba dukkan bangarori ne masu mahimmanci, wadanda suke dauke da kashi 20% na jikin gaba daya, ragowar wani sashi ne na ci gaba na lantarki, wanda ya kunshi dubunnan abubuwan da suke haifarwa da wutar lantarki. Wannan jikin yana tasowa ne nan da nan bayan haihuwa. Idan ka taɓa abin rufe santimita biyu da hannunka, za ka iya ji daɗin ɗan abin da ke aukuwa. Lokacin da jariri ya girma zuwa 40 mm, ƙarfin zai karu sosai.

Gabobin lantarki

Kyakkyawan cajin eel yana cikin gaban jiki, mara kyau, bi da bi, a baya. Bugu da kari, kifin yana da ƙarin sashin lantarki wanda ke aiki azaman mai nema. Gabobin wutar lantarki ukun ne suka bambanta wannan halittar da sauran dabbobi. An haɗa su da juna, wannan fasalin yana ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa koda ƙaramin ɗarewar wutar lantarki eel yana da ƙarfi, tunda an ƙara cajin. A sakamakon haka, ya zama yana da ƙarfi sosai har yana iya kaiwa ga mutuwar wani wanda zai fuskance shi.

Godiya ga gabobin lantarki, eel ya samo ganima kamar radar. Ban da wannan, ana kuma amfani da su don sadarwa da juna. Musamman ma lokacin kiwo, lokacin da namiji yakan haifar da siginar sauti mai yawan gaske, kuma mace tana amsawa da tsofaffi.

Lokacin da ƙwallon ƙafa yana cikin kwanciyar hankali kuma yana hutawa, wutar lantarki ba ta daga gare ta ba, amma lokacin da ya jagoranci rayuwa mai aiki, an kafa filin lantarki a kusa da shi.

Yawancin abu a cikin yanayin halitta

Sau da yawa ana samun wutar lantarki a Guiana, amma galibi a cikin yanayin muhalli da suke zaune a yankin Kudancin Amurka a cikin kwarin kogin Amazon da Orinoco. Abubuwan al'ajabi masu ban sha'awa suna son ruwan dumi kuma sun fi son sabbin tafkunan laka. Mafi kyawun wurare don kifin lantarki sune bays, tuddai, rafuffukan ruwa da magudanan ruwa.

Rayuwa

Har yanzu ba a cika fahimtar kuraje na lantarki ba. Misali, tsawon rayuwarsu a cikin daji bai kafa ba. Tare da abun cikin akwatin kifaye, mace zata iya rayuwa daga shekaru 10 zuwa 22, namiji zai iya rayuwa karkashin yanayin tsarewar daga shekaru 10 zuwa 15.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, fasalin bayyanar cututtukan kuraje sune gabobin jikinta na lantarki. Bugu da kari, suna da wani fasalin mai ban mamaki - suna jan iska. Wannan ya zama dole a gare su, tunda tsarin numfashi na ƙattai masu lantarki suna da hadaddun tsari kuma an tsara su don kifi suna buƙatar yin iyo a kai a kai har zuwa tafkin tafki kuma suna shakar iska. Saboda wannan fasalin, blackheads na iya fita daga cikin tafkin na awanni da yawa.

Kifi, mai kama da manyan macizai, ba zai iya yin fahariya game da hangen nesan su ba, kuma suna aiki da himma sosai ga dare da rana.

Acne carnivores na lantarki ne, tabbas ba za a iya kiran su ariansaariansa bane. Abincinsu ya hada da kifi, ƙananan tsuntsaye, amphibians. Wani lokaci waɗannan dodannin kandami na iya cin ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Don haka ana iya danganta su da aminci ga nau'in mafarautan.

Kiwo

Cikakkun bayanai masu ban mamaki game da waɗannan halittu da ba a sani ba duka aka lissafa su. Blackheads na lantarki ya fara zuwa hanya mai ban sha'awa. Namiji, ta amfani da yau, yana gina gida inda macen take saka ƙwai. Abin ban mamaki ne cewa daga irin wannan masarar guda ɗaya kusan mil dubu goma sha bakwai ana haife su.

Babiesan jarirai nan da nan sukan ci ƙwayayen da mahaifiyarsu ke sakawa bayan ɗan farinsu. 'Ya'yan wutan lantarki suna kasancewa kusa da iyaye har sai gabbai na haɓaka.

Me yakamata ku kama wutan lantarki?

Eel, duk da cewa wutar lantarki, har yanzu ana ɗaukar kifi, wanda ke nufin ana iya kama shi, kamar kowane, ta hanyar kamun kifi. Amma ba mai sauki ba ne - waɗannan halittun suna da haɗari sosai, don haka masu ba da fata ba sa sha'awar samun wannan kama, duk da gaskiyar cewa ana ɗauke da naman ɗanɗano ne.

A wuraren da ake samun hakoran lantarki a cikin tafkuna, mazauna karkara sun kawo ingantacciyar hanya don kama waɗannan kifayen masu haɗari. Idan ka tambayi abin da zaka kama baki a kan hanya tare da hanyar da mazauna karkara suka kirkira, amsar za ta zama sabon abu - an kama su akan shanu! Abinda ke nan shine ana buƙatar shanu don ɗaukar farkon fitowar wutar lantarki. Masunta sun lura cewa shanu, sabanin sauran halittu masu rai, suna da sauƙin jure rashin wutar lantarki daga kifin mai kama da maciji, don haka za a tura dabbobi zuwa cikin kogin tare da mayuka kuma suna jira burenki su daina hayaniya da rusawa cikin ruwa.

Kwantar da garken garke wata alama ce da ke nuna cewa lokaci ya yi da za a fitar da su daga gabar teku tare da amfani da raga don kama bakin kogi daga kogin, wanda a wannan lokacin ke zama cikakkiyar lafiya. Bayan haka, waɗannan dodannin ba za su iya haskaka halin zamani ba na dogon lokaci, kowane ɗorewar ɗora na baya yana da rauni fiye da na baya. Don dawo da ikon busawa, kifin zai ɗauki lokaci. Wannan irin kamun kifi ne wanda ba a saba dashi ba, amma kamawar ba sabon abu bane!

Abubuwan ban mamaki da laka na Amazon suna ɓoye haɗari masu yawa. Ofayansu shine wutan lantarki (lat. Wutar lantarki ) shine kawai wakilin rukunin gidan lantarki na lantarki. Ana samo shi a arewa maso gabas na Kudancin Amurka kuma ana samunsa a cikin ƙananan haraji na tsakiya har zuwa ƙananan ƙarshen kogin Amazon mai ƙarfi.

Matsakaicin tsayin tsaran wutan lantarki shine mita daya da rabi, kodayake a wasu lokuta ana samun samfurori masu mita uku. Irin wannan kifin yana yin kimanin kilo 40. Jikinta yana da tsawo kuma ya ɗan lalace a gefe. A zahiri, wannan bawo bashi da kama da kifi: babu sikeli, wutsiya da ƙuƙwalwar ƙwallon ƙafa, kuma ƙari yana shakar iska.

Gaskiyar ita ce haraji a inda rayuwar rayuwar lantarki ke da ƙarancin girgizawa kuma gajimare, kuma ruwan dake cikinsu kusan babu isashshen sunadarin oxygen. Saboda haka, yanayi ya ba dabbobi kyautar kasusuwa na musamman a cikin rami na baki, tare da taimakon wanda kwasarin yake dauke da iskar oxygen kai tsaye daga waje. Gaskiya ne, saboda wannan dole ne ya tashi zuwa saman kowane mintina 15. Amma idan kwatsam kwatankwacin ruwa ya fito daga cikin ruwa, zai iya rayuwa awanni da yawa, idan dai jikinsa da bakinsa basa bushewa.

Launin kwandon wari shine launin ruwan zaitun, wanda ya ba shi damar lura da shi don yuwuwar ma'adanan. Throatarfin makogwaro da ƙananan ɓangaren kai kawai mai haske ne mai haske, amma wannan yanayin ba shi yiwuwa ya taimaki waɗanda ba su da lahani na wutar lantarki. Da zarar ya yi rawar jiki tare da jikinsa mai narkewa duka, sai aka fitar da ruwa mai dauke da wutar lantarki har zuwa 650V (galibi 300-350V), wanda nan take yake kashe duk ƙananan kifayen da ke kusa. Ganima ta faɗi ƙasa, kuma maharba ta ɗauke shi, ta haɗiye ta duka tana yi ba'a kusa da wurin don ɗan shakata kaɗan.

Ina mamakin yadda yake kulawa da samar da irin wannan fitowar mai karfin? Kawai kawai cewa jikinsa ya rufe da wasu gabobi na musamman, wanda ya ƙunshi sel na musamman. Wadannan kwayoyin suna hade ne ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin jijiya. A gaban jiki akwai ƙari, a bayansa maɗaukaki ne. Rashin wutar lantarki yana haifar da farawa kuma, yana wucewa gaba ɗayan kwayoyin halitta zuwa gaɓoɓin jiki, yana samun ƙarfi don bugun yadda yakamata.

Electric eel kanta ta yi imanin cewa an ba ta ingantacciyar kariya, don haka ba ta cikin sauri ta mika wuya ga maƙiyin da ya fi girma. Akwai wasu lokutan da mala'iku ba su shudewa ba kafin karnuka, kuma ya kamata mutane su guji haɗuwa da su. Tabbas, babu makawa cewa zubar zai kashe wani dattijo, amma abubuwan jin daɗi daga gare shi za su fi ba daɗi. Bugu da kari, akwai hadarin rashin hankali, idan mutum ya kasance cikin ruwa, mutum zai iya nutsar da shi cikin sauki.

Wutar lantarki na da ƙarfi sosai, tana kaiwa hari nan da nan kuma ba za ta faɗakar da kowa game da niyyarsa ba. Amintaccen nesa daga nisan mita ba kasa da mita uku - wannan ya isa ya guji haɗari mai haɗari.

Baya ga manyan gabobin da ke samar da wutan lantarki, dikel din ma suna da ƙari guda ɗaya, tare da taimakon abin da yake zana yanayin kewaye. Wannan maharbin da ke da bambancin yanayi yana fitar da raƙuman ruwa mai ƙarancin yanayi, wanda, ya dawo, ya sanar da mai shi game da matsalolin da ke gabansu ko kasancewar rayayyun halittu masu rai.

Wutar lantarki ita ce mafi ƙarancin kifi a cikin duk kifin lantarki. Dangane da yawan wadanda suka rasa rayukansu, har yanzu tana gaban Piranha na almara. Wannan igiyar lantarki (af, ba shi da alaƙa da talakawa na yau da kullun) yana iya ɗaukar nauyin cajin lantarki. Idan ka dauki karamar eel a hannunka, zaka ji wani abin mamaki sosai, kuma wannan, la’akari da gaskiyar cewa jarirai ‘yan kwanaki kadan ne kawai kuma sun cika santimita biyu (2-3) a cikin girman, yana da sauki mutum ya fahimci menene abin mamaki da zai samu idan ka taba dutsen mai mita biyu. Mutumin da ke da irin wannan kusancin yana karɓar bisan 600 V kuma zaka iya mutuwa daga gare ta. M taguwar lantarki mai ƙarfi tana aika kwalliyar lantarki har sau 150 a rana. Amma abin bakin cikin shine, duk da irin wannan makamin, dabbar ta ci mafi yawan kifayen.

Don kashe kifi, wutan lantarki koran wuta kawai, yana sakin mai. Wanda aka azabtar ya mutu nan take. Eazarta ta kama shi daga gindinta, koyaushe daga kai, sannan kuma, nutsewa zuwa ƙasa, yana digo ganimarsa da yawa.

Manyan wutar lantarki suna zama a cikin koguna na Kudancin Amurka; ana samun su da yawa a cikin ruwayen Amazon. A waɗancan wuraren da elel ke zaune, galibi yawan rashin isashshen sunadarin oxygen. Sabili da haka, wutan lantarki yana da fasalin halayyar. Blackheads suna ƙarƙashin ruwa na kimanin awanni 2, sannan sai su hau kan ruwa suyi numfashi a ciki na mintina 10, yayin da kifayen talakawa kawai suke buƙatar iyo na ɗan lokaci kaɗan.

Mala'ikan lantarki babban kifi ne: matsakaicin tsawon manya shine 1-1.5 m, nauyinsa ya kai 40 kg. Jikin yana da elongated, dan kadan flattened a gefe. Fatar ba ta da kauri, ba a lullube da ita ba. Fayayyun suna haɓaka sosai, tare da taimakon taimakon wutan lantarki suna iya motsawa cikin sauƙi a cikin kowane kwatance. Launin launin baki mai launin baƙi na launin ruwan kasa, ƙarancin kai da makogwaron mai ruwan hoda mai haske. Gudanar da canza launi matasa ne.

Mafi ban sha'awa a cikin tsarin maikon lantarki shine gabobin jikinta na lantarki, wadanda suka mamaye sama da 2/3 na tsayin jikin mutum. Tabbatacciyar sanda na wannan "batirin" ya ta'allaka ne a gaban diddigin, maras kyau - a bayan. Matsakaicin ƙarfin fitarwa mafi girma, bisa ga lura da ruwa a cikin akwatin ruwa, na iya kaiwa 650 V, amma yawanci ba shi da ƙasa, kuma don tsawon mita kifi bai wuce 350 V. Wannan ƙarfin ya isa ya kunna fitilun lantarki 5. Ana amfani da jigon sassan lantarki ta hanyar karewa daga makiya kuma ya lalata ganima. Akwai wani ƙarin sashin lantarki, amma filin da aka sameshi yana taka matsayin mai ganowa: tare da taimakon kutse cikin wannan filin, dabbar tana karɓar bayani game da cikas a kan hanya ko kusancin samarwa. Mitar waɗannan ɗorawar waɗannan wurare kaɗan ne kuma kusan mutum ba zai iya yiwuwa ba.

Fitar da kanta, wanda sinadaran lantarki ke samarwa, ba shi da mutuƙar rai ga mutane, amma har yanzu yana da haɗari sosai. Idan, kasancewa karkashin ruwa, samun girgiza wutar lantarki, zaka iya rasa sani.

Wutar lantarki na da m. Zai iya kai hari ba tare da gargadi ba, ko da kuwa ba shi da wata barazanar. Idan wani abu mai rai ya faɗi cikin kewayon filin da ƙarfin sa, to ƙwanƙolin ba zai ɓoye ko yin iyo ba. Zai fi kyau mutum da kansa ya yi tafiya zuwa gefe idan ƙashin lantarki ya bayyana a hanya. Ya kamata ku iyo ba wannan kifin nisan nisan da bai kai mita 3 ba, wannan shine babban radius na aiki da tsayin meteraurin mita.

Tsawon Layi: har zuwa mita 3
Weight: har zuwa 40 kg
Habitat: m koguna na Kudancin Amurka, ana samun su da yawa a cikin ruwayen Amazon.

A cikin representativesan wakilai na duniyar dabbobi, akwai masu mallakar iyawa mai ban mamaki don samar da wutar lantarki da adana su. Ofayansu shine wutan lantarki (Electrophorus Electricus).
Wannan kifin mai ban mamaki yana zaune a cikin ƙananan koguna a arewacin Kudancin Amurka, har ma da ƙananan yankuna da ƙananan yankin na Amazon. Kodayake ƙwallon lantarki yana zaune a cikin ruwa kamar kifi, tsarin jikinsa yana sa yana jan iska. Yana karɓar kowane yanki na iska, yana tashi sama, kusan sau ɗaya cikin mintina 15. A saukake, zai iya nutsuwa idan ya gaza fitowa zuwa farfajiya cikin lokaci. Wannan ikon yin iska yana ba da iska kwali don barin ruwa na sa’o’i da yawa.

wutan lantarki - mu'ujiza mai hadarin gaske

Amma mafi kyawun ingancin wannan kifin har yanzu ana la'akari da ikonta don samar da wutar lantarki. Tunda ruwa shahararren mai jagora ne, abin lura ne cewa ƙashin kanta ba ya fama da zubardawar lantarki. Ta yaya hakan ke faruwa?

Eel yana da gabobin musamman, yana tuna gwangwani na batir. Sun mamaye kusan kashi 40% na jikinsa. Kowane kwayar halitta na yanzu tana ɗauke da itselfan ƙaramar ion da ba ta dace da su ba, kuma a waje da tantanin halitta, ion ana caji mai kyau.

A zahiri, irin wannan karfin wutar lantarki ana iya sakaci dashi. Amma lokacin da adadin waɗannan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin sel daga 6 zuwa 10 dubu a cikin sarkar ɗaya, wutar lantarki zata iya kai 500 volts! Akwai kusan 700 sarƙoƙi masu alaƙa da juna a kowane gefen jikin ƙashin ƙugu. Jimlar sallamarsu kusan 1 am!
Irin wannan girgiza na wutar lantarki na iya rusa doki, ya yi rauni na awanni da dama, har ma ya kashe mutum, amma ba ya cutar da ƙashin kanta. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa ƙananan membranes biyu suna ba da damar fitarwa. Fatar fatar baƙi yana da abubuwan da ke rufewa, ƙwayoyin lantarki suna haɗuwa ne kawai tsakanin kansu, kuma yana ware daga sauran sassan jikin.

Wutar lantarki don eel tana yin ayyuka da yawa. Wannan kariya ce, kuma hanya ce don farauta, kuma ana amfani dashi don kewayawa. Eel ba ya iya samar da wutar lantarki sosai cikin dogon lokaci. Kowane lokaci, fitowar ta zama mara karfi. Zai ɗauki awowi da yawa don dawo da su gaba ɗaya.
M mazaunan yankin la'akari da mafi kyau abun ci. Amma kama kwastomomi yana da mutuƙar mutu'a! Masunta sun lura cewa shanu suna “jure” da kariya daga kifin lantarki, don haka ana amfani dasu don tilasta “fitarwa da baturan ruwa”. Fitar da "mazaunan" da aka kora zuwa cikin kogin, da eel, kare yankin, kai hari ga baki. Lokacin da shanu suka daina kururuwa kuma suka ruga da gudu don tsoro, sai a tura su zuwa gaci. Sai raga ta kama da fushi, amma tuni ka tsira lafiya.

Mutane sun koya game da kifin lantarki na dogon lokaci: har ma a tsohuwar Misira sun yi amfani da kayan lantarki don magance cututtukan fata, ƙirar wutar lantarki da aka yi wa Alessandro Volta ra'ayin shahararrun baturansa, da Michael Faraday, "mahaifin wutar lantarki", sun yi amfani da kayan guda ɗaya kamar kayan aikin kimiyya. Masana ilimin zamani sun san abin da za a iya tsammani daga irin wannan kifin (kusan ƙwallan mita biyu na iya samar da wutar lantarki 600), ban da haka ma, an sami ƙarin ko lessasa da aka sani cewa kwayoyin halitta suna haifar da irin wannan alama ta sabon abu - wannan bazarar ƙungiyar masana halittun daga Jami'ar Wisconsin a Madison (Amurka) aka buga tare da cikakken jerin abubuwan halittar lantarki na lantarki. Dalilin "ƙarfin lantarki" kuma ya bayyana a sarari: ana buƙatar su don farauta, don jan ragamar sararin samaniya da kuma kariya daga wasu masu farauta. Abu daya ne ya rage ba a sani ba - daidai yadda kifin suke amfani da girgiza wutar lantarki, wane irin dabarun da suke amfani da shi.

Da farko, kadan game da babban halayyar.

Abubuwan ban mamaki da laka na Amazon suna ɓoye haɗari masu yawa. Ofayansu shine wutan lantarki (lat. Wutar lantarki ) Shine kawai wakilin rukunin wutan lantarki. Ana samo shi a arewa maso gabas na Kudancin Amurka kuma ana samunsa a cikin ƙananan haraji na tsakiya har zuwa ƙananan ƙarshen kogin Amazon mai ƙarfi.

Ewallon lantarki yana da gabobin musamman, wanda ya ƙunshi faranti na lantarki da yawa - an gyara ƙwayoyin tsoka, tsakanin membranes waɗanda ke haifar da bambanci mai mahimmanci. Jiki ya ɗauki kashi biyu bisa uku na nauyin jikin wannan kifin.

Koyaya, bawan wutar lantarki na iya samar da fitarwa tare da ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki - har zuwa 10 volts. Tunda yana da ƙarancin gani, yana amfani da su azaman radar don kewaya da kuma neman ganima.

Zazzabin lantarki na iya zama babba, yana kaiwa mita 2.5 a tsayi da kilo 20 a nauyi. Suna zaune a cikin koguna na Kudancin Amurka, misali, a cikin Amazon da Orinoco. Suna ciyar da kifi, dabbobi, tsuntsaye, har ma da dabbobi masu shayarwa.

Tunda igiyar wutar lantarki take kwashe iskar oxygen kai tsaye daga iska, lallai ne ta saba zuwa saman ruwa. Yakamata ya yi wannan aƙalla sau ɗaya a kowane mintuna goma sha biyar, amma wannan yakan faru sau da yawa.

Zuwa yau, fewan mutuwar da aka sani bayan haɗuwa da ƙashin lantarki. Koyaya, yawancin girgiza wutar lantarki na iya haifar da bugun numfashi ko gazawar zuciya, wanda mutum zai iya nutsar da shi ko da cikin ruwa ne.

Dukkan jikinsa an rufe shi da wasu gabobi na musamman, waɗanda suka haɗu da sel na musamman. Wadannan kwayoyin suna hade ne ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin jijiya. A gaban jiki akwai ƙari, a bayansa maɗaukaki ne. Rashin wutar lantarki yana haifar da farawa kuma, yana wucewa gaba ɗayan kwayoyin halitta zuwa gaɓoɓin jiki, yana samun ƙarfi don bugun yadda yakamata.

Masanin ilimin dabbobi, Kenneth Catania na Jami'ar Vanderbilt (Amurka), yana lura da malalar lantarki da ke rayuwa a cikin akwati na musamman, ya lura cewa kifayen zasu iya fitar da batirin su ta hanyoyi uku. Na farko shine karancin wutar lantarki mai saurin girgizawa da aka tsara don fadakarwa a doron kasa, na biyu shine jerin abubuwa biyu ko uku na matsanancin wutar lantarki wanda zai dawwama da yawa na milise seconds, kuma a karshe, hanya ta uku itace karancin wutar lantarki mai karfin gaske da yawan fitarwa.

Lokacin da amo yakan kai hari, yakan aika da dumbin dumbin yawa zuwa hakar a yawan mita (hanya mai lamba uku). Miliyon uku zuwa hudu na irin wannan aikin ya isa ya hana wanda abin ya shafa rauni - wato muna iya cewa eel yana amfani da wutar lantarki mai karfin gaske. Haka kuma, yawanta ya wuce na kayan wucin gadi: alal misali, matattarar shugaben Tizer tana gabatar da 19 a sume na biyu, yayin da ƙwallon ƙafa - kusan 400. Bayan ya raunata wanda aka azabtar dashi, dole ne, ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba, da sauri ya kwace shi, in ba haka ba ganima zai dawo hankalinsa kuma ya tashi ruwa.

A cikin wata kasida a Kimiyya, Kenneth Catania ya rubuta cewa “rayayyen bindiga bindiga” yana kama ne da takwaransa na wucin gadi, yana haifar da matsewar tsoka a wuya. Hanyar aikin an ƙaddara ta a cikin gwaji na musamman, lokacin da aka sanya kifi tare da igiyar kashin kashin cikin ramin kifin don ƙwacewa, kuma wata katangar da ba ta dace da wutar lantarki ba ta raba su. Kifin ba zai iya sarrafa tsokoki ba, amma sun yi ma'amala da kansu ne ta sakamakon bugun lantarki da ke waje. (An tsokane sautin zuwa sama ta hanyar jefa tsutsotsi zuwa gare shi azaman ciyarwa.) Idan an shigar da curare neuromuscular guba a cikin kifi tare da igiyar kashin igiya, to wutar lantarki daga igiyar ba ta da tasiri a kansa. Wannan shine, ƙaddamar da fitarwar lantarki shine ainihin abubuwan jijiya waɗanda ke sarrafa tsokoki.

Koyaya, duk wannan yana faruwa lokacin da ƙafar ta riga ta ƙaddara abin da ta farauto. Kuma idan hakar ma'adanan take a ɓoye? Ta bangaren motsin ruwa to ba zaku samu ba. Bugu da kari, shelar kanta tana farauta da daddare, kuma a lokaci guda bazai iya yin fahariya da kyawun gani ba. Don neman ganima, yakan yi amfani da fitowar nau'ikan na biyu: gajerun jerin abubuwa biyu zuwa uku masu ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Wannan fitarwa yana kwaikwayon siginar neurons na motsi, yana haifar da dukkanin tsokoki na wanda abin ya shafa don yin kwangila. Ewalwa, kamar dai, yana umurce ta da gano kanta: wata tsoka mai saurin motsa jiki ta ratsa jikin wanda aka azabtar, sai ta fara murɗa, ƙashin sama yana kama da rawar jiki - kuma ya fahimci inda ɓoyayyen ganima. A cikin irin wannan gwajin tare da kifi mai lalacewa tare da igiyar kashin kashin, an raba shi da tsintsiya ta wani shingen riga mai amfani da wutar lantarki, amma kwas din na iya jin raƙuman ruwa daga gare ta. A lokaci guda, kifi yana da alaƙa da mai kara kuzari, wanda yasa jijiyoyin jikinsa suka kulla a lokacin da mai binciken ya buƙaci hakan. Ya juya cewa idan diddigin ya fitar da gajeren “gano ganowa”, kuma a lokaci guda kifin an tilasta shi murkushe, to gobara ta kai hari. Idan kifin bai amsa ba ta kowace hanya, to, baƙar magana, ba shakka, bai amsa da ita ba - kawai bai san inda yake ba.

Hakanan ana samun wannan labarin a cikin yaruka masu zuwa: Thai

Halayyar

Wutar lantarki na ɗaya daga cikin manyan kifi a Kudancin Amurka. Ya fi son sabbin tafkunan ruwa masu ɗumi da ɗiban ruwa. Sau da yawa ana iya lura dashi akan Amazon ko Musicoco. Zai iya tsayawa a kwarin kogin da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye da kuma cikin kwari mai kwari na dazuzzuka.

Rayuwa a cikin wuraren ajiya na silted tare da karamin adadin oxygen a cikin ruwa, an tilasta kifin ya tashi zuwa saman kai tsaye don yin numfashi kaɗan. Toarfin fitar da iskar oxygen yana taimaka mata ta zauna a kan ƙasa na awanni da dama, idan dai jikinta da bakin ta yana da danshi.

Eel yana jagorantar salon rayuwa mai kaɗaici. Yana yin mafi yawan lokacinsa a gindin kogi, ya ɓuya a tsakanin algae da snags. Lokaci-lokaci yakan tashi don sake mamaye sabon iska. Bashi da huhu. Ruwan mahaifa yana yalwa da jiragen ruwa na musamman waɗanda ke iya ɗaukar oxygen.

Kifi yana tilastawa ya tashi zuwa saman kowane minti na 10 don wani yanki na oxygen. Tana da rauni sosai na gani kuma baya amfani da ita kwata-kwata. Fit ɗin fin ya daga ciki har zuwa wutsiya. Tare da shi, tana iya iyo iyo gaba da baya.

Oye a cikin tsirrai, bawon lokaci-lokaci yana ɗaukar sararin samaniya da wutar lantarki.

Don haka, zai iya samun wanda aka azabtar da shi ba mai motsi ba. Fatar jikinta cike yake da kayan karba-karba wanda zai iya daukar abubuwanda ba su da muhimmanci a jikin wutar lantarki wanda wasu dabbobi suka kirkira.

Mafarautan cikin farauta, mafaraucin yana jiran abin da ya farauto, sa'annan ya gurgunta shi da sallama. Tare da hakora masu rauni, yana haɗiye wanda aka azabtar dashi gaba ɗaya.

Tsakanin kansu, mala'iku suna sadarwa a cikin raunin rauni. Namiji mai rinjaye ya samar da siginar sauti da maimaituwa, yayin da mata suke amfani da gajeru kuma masu tsayi.

Duba menene "Electric eel" yana cikin wasu kamus ɗin:

wutan lantarki - Wutar lantarki. lantarki na lantarki (Electrophorus Electricus), kifi a cikin gidan tsintsiyar lantarki. Endemic zuwa Kudancin Amurka. Jikin yana da girma (kimanin 2 m), nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 20, babu ƙyallen ƙyallen kai da ƙonewa. A saman shine kore mai zaitun tare da launuka masu haske ... ... Labaran Latin Amurka

Ungiyar Kifi. Iyali ɗaya kaɗai. Yana da gabobin lantarki waɗanda ke aiki kusan. 4/5 na tsayin jiki. Yana bayarwa har zuwa 650 V (galibi ƙasa da shi). Tsawon daga 1 zuwa 3 m, nauyinsa ya kai kilo 40. A cikin koguna Amazon da Orinoco. Abinda kamun kifin na gida ... ... Babban cyclopungiyar Encyclopedic

Ungiyar Kifi. Iyali ɗaya kaɗai. Yana da gabobin lantarki, yana ɗaukar kusan 4/5 na tsayin jikin mutum. Suna ba da fitarwa zuwa 650 V (mafi yawa ƙasa). Tsawon daga 1 zuwa 3 m, nauyi zuwa 40 kg. Tana zaune a cikin kogunan Amazon da Orinoco. Abun cikin gida ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary

HYMNOT KO KYAUTA KYAUTE KALMAR KYAU daga wannan. mala'iku, ruwa.a Amurka, yana da ikon samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi. busa. Dictionaryamus na kalmomin kasashen waje kunshe a cikin harshen Rasha. Pavlenkov F., 1907. HYMNOT ko Sakamakon Kayan Harkokin ... ... Dictionaryamus na kalmomin kasashen waje na harshen Rasha

- (Electrophorus lantarkius) kifi na iyali Electrophoridae na tsari Car-dimbin yawa. Tana zaune a cikin ruwa mai kyau na Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Jikin tsirara ne, tsayinsa yakai tsawon 3. Ya kai kilo 40. Tare da bangarorin gabobin lantarki. Dorsal ... Encyclopedia Mai Girma na Soviet

Kifi neg. cyprinids. hadin kai. kallon iyali. Yana da jirgin kasa na lantarki. gabobin mamayewa kimanin. 4/5 na tsayin jiki. Suna ba da fitarwa zuwa 650 V (mafi yawa ƙasa). Don daga 1 zuwa 3 m, nauyi zuwa 40 kg. Yana zaune a pp. Amazon da Orinoco. Abun kamun kifi na gida. Lab. ... ... Ilimin zahiri. Kundin sani Encyclopedic

wutan lantarki - elektrinis ungurys statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: kuri'a. Malalar lantarki ta lantarki. lantarki eel rus. lantarki eel ryšiai: platesnis terminas - elektriniai unguriai ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas

Duba kifin lantarki ... F.A. Encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus da I.A. Efron

Kifayen Katako ... Wikipedia

KYAUTATA, wutar lantarki, lantarki. 1. adj. zuwa wutar lantarki. Wutar lantarki. Energyarfin lantarki. Cajin lantarki. Fitar lantarki. || Jin dadi, samar da wutar lantarki. Motar lantarki. Plantarfin wutar lantarki ... ... ictionaryamus na ƙamus na Ushakov

Littattafai

Saukar rayuwa. Wutar lantarki a jikin mutum, Ashcroft Francis. Kowa ya san cewa wutar lantarki tana tuki motoci, ba a sani ba sosai cewa ana iya faɗi iri ɗaya game da kanmu. Ikon karantawa da fahimtar abin da aka rubuta, gani da ji, tunani ...

Da farko, kadan game da babban halayyar.

Fitar da kanta, wanda sinadaran lantarki ke samarwa, ba shi da mutuƙar rai ga mutane, amma har yanzu yana da haɗari sosai.Idan, kasancewa karkashin ruwa, samun girgiza wutar lantarki, zaka iya rasa sani.

Bayanai na asali kan ƙwallan lantarki:

Kabilar masu alaƙa. Iyalin kuraje sun hada da nau'ikan 16, ɗayansu shine eel na Turai.

Launi na isel ruwan zaitun ne, jikinsa ya kai mita biyu a tsayinsa, kan sa ya faɗi kuma ya faɗi. Gabobin lantarki na igiyar suna cikin wutsiya, tsawon sa tsawon bariki uku ne na tsawon tsayin jikinsa.

Ta yaya ƙwallon lantarki yake haifar da fitowar lantarki?

M bambanci a sakamakon ya kai 70 mV. Akwai tashoshi na sodium a cikin membrane na wannan sel na wutan lantarki na igiyar, ta hanyar abin da sodium ion na iya sake shiga cikin tantanin. A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, a cikin na 1 na biyu, famfo yana cire kimanin sodium ion 200 daga tantanin kuma lokaci guda yana canza kimanin ion potassium ion zuwa tantanin halitta. Gangarron membrane mai ma'ana zai iya ɗaukar 100-200 na waɗannan farashinsa. Yawancin lokaci waɗannan tashoshi suna rufe, amma idan ya zama dole sai su buɗe. Idan hakan ta faru, gurnar yiwuwar sinadarai na haifar da gaskiyar cewa ions sodium again ya sake shiga cikin sel. Wani canji na gaba ɗaya a cikin ƙarfin lantarki daga -70 zuwa +60 mV yana faruwa, kuma tantanin yana ba da fitowar 130 mV. Tsawon lokacin aikin shine 1 ms. An haɗa haɗin sel na lantarki ta hanyar ƙwayar jijiya, haɗin shine serial. Electrocytes suna yin nau'in ginshiƙai waɗanda aka haɗa su a layi daya. Jimlar ƙarfin lantarki na siginar lantarki da aka samar ya kai 650 V, ƙarfin yanzu shine 1A. A cewar wasu rahotanni, ƙarfin wutar lantarki na iya kaiwa har zuwa 1000 V, kuma ƙarfin yanzu shine 2A.

Electrocytes (ƙwayoyin lantarki) na kwasfa a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin ƙaramin haɗi

Bayan fitarwa, famfon na ion ya sake aiki, kuma ana ɗaukar gabobin lantarki na ƙwal ɗin. A cewar wasu masana kimiyya, akwai nau'ikan tashoshi 7 na ion a cikin membrane na electrocytes. Matsayin waɗannan tashoshi da madadin nau'ikan tashoshi suna rinjayar ƙimar samar da wutar lantarki.

Batteryarancin batir

Na biyu shine jerin 2-3 babban ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfin lantarki mai ɗorewa na tsawon mil daƙiƙa. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar ta hanyar eel lokacin farauta don ɓoye da aka ɓoye. Da zaran an ba da kwararayen nauyi biyu na 2-3, tsokoki na wanda ke dauke da shi ya fara kwantawa, kuma kwas din zai iya gano yiwuwar abincin.

Hanya ta uku jerin fitowar masu daukewar kwayoyi ne masu yawan gaske. Ana amfani da hanyar ta uku ta hanyar mala'ika yayin farauta, yana ba da kusan abubuwan 400 a cikin sakan na biyu. Wannan hanyar tana lalata kusan kowace dabba mai ƙanana da matsakaici (har ma mutane) a nesa zuwa mita 3.

Wanene kuma zai iya samar da kayan lantarki?

Amma kifaye kalilan ne ke iya haifar da zubar da lantarki mai ƙarfin aiki. Waɗannan ramuka ne na lantarki (nau'ikan nau'ikan), kifin mai kifi na lantarki da wasunsu.

Kifi na Kifi

Kwallan lantarki babban kifi ne mai tsawon tsayi 1 zuwa 3, nauyin yel ya kai kilo 40. Jikin kaikayi yana da dawwama - agwọine, an rufe shi da launin toka-kore ba tare da sikeli ba, kuma a gaban sa an zagaye shi, kuma ya faskara daga bangarorin kusa da wutsiya. Eels suna zaune a Kudancin Amurka, musamman, a cikin Amazon.

M eel yana haifar da zubarda wutar lantarki har zuwa 1200 V kuma mai zuwa 1 A. Ko da ƙananan ƙananan akwatin kifaye suna samar da fitowar daga 300 zuwa 650 V. Don haka, wutar lantarki kwalliyar lantarki na iya zama haɗari ga mutane.

Wutar lantarki na tara manyan kuɗaɗen wutar lantarki, abubuwanda ake fitarwa waɗanda ake amfani dasu don farauta da tsaro a kan masu farauta. Amma eel ba shine kawai kifin da ke samar da wutar lantarki ba.

Kifi na lantarki

Baya ga malalar lantarki, adadi mai yawa na ruwa da kifin ruwan teku suna iya samar da wutar lantarki. A cikin duka, akwai kusan nau'ikan nau'ikan ɗari uku daga iyalai da yawa da ba a haɗa su ba.

Yawancin kifayen “lantarki" suna amfani da filin lantarki don kewaya ko gano wuri, amma wasu mutane suna da tuhuma mafi girma.

Abun wutar lantarki - kifin katako, dangin kifayen, dangane da nau'in halittu, na iya samun wutar lantarki ta 50 zuwa 200 V, kuma karfin da ake samu a yanzu ya kai 30 A. Irin wannan caji na iya kama babban ganima.

Kifi mai tsami - kifin ruwa mai tsabta, ya kai mita 1 a tsayi, nauyi bai wuce kilo 25 ba. Duk da girman girmanta, kifin mai kifi yana da ikon samar da 350-450 V, tare da ƙarfin 0.1-0.5 A.

Mahalli na lantarki

Wutar lantarki na rayuwa ne a cikin lamuran ruwan Kudancin Amurka, musamman a cikin kogunan Amazon da Orinoco. Ya fi son zama cikin m, amma mai ɗumi, ruwa mai laushi tare da rashin isashshen sunadarin oxygen. Tunda yanayin yanayi ya baiwa wutan lantarki wutan lantarki a cikin bakin, dole ne lokaci-lokaci ya hau saman ruwa ya hadiye sabon iska. Amma idan baƙar lantarki ba tare da ruwa ba, yana da damar rayuwa akan ƙasa tsawon awanni. Kasancewa a waje na wuce minti 10 ko sama da haka, yayin da babu wani nau'in kifin da ya wuce fiye da 30 seconds a saman.

Lambar lantarki (Electrophorus Electricus). Hoto daga Brian Gratwicke.

Bayyanar

Wutar lantarki - kifin yana da girma. Tsawan matsakaicinta shine mita 2-2.5, amma mutane-miji-uku suka tsallaka. Girman wannan kifin yana kusan kilo 40. Jikin maciji ne kuma sauƙaƙe yake kwance a kan tarnaƙi, shugaban yana da lebur. Ana iya kiran wutan lantarki lafiya ba dabba, ba kifi ba - saboda cikakken rashi sikeli. Madadin haka, akwai fatar fata da ke rufe da gamsai. Fuskokin suma suna nan a zahiri, ban da pectoral da caudal, amma ana samun su ne da ba a sani ba - tare da taimakon wutan lantarki wutan lantarki yana motsawa a wurare daban-daban. Yanayi ya baiwa wannan mutum kyautar mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi, wanda ke ba da izinin meli ba a lura da shi yayin farautar ganima. Koyaya, launi na shugaban na iya bambanta da launi na gaba ɗaya, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana faruwa tare da tarar orange.

Musamman fasalin

Ainihin sunan wannan kifin yayi magana game da fasalinsa na musamman na samar da fitattun abubuwan lantarki. Ta yaya take yin hakan? Gaskiyar ita ce cewa jikin eel an rufe shi da gabobi na musamman wanda ya ƙunshi sel na musamman waɗanda ke da alaƙa da juna ta hanyoyin jijiya. Daga farkon, rauni mai rauni yana samun ƙarfi zuwa ƙarshen, yana haifar da zubar da ruwa wanda ba shi da ƙarfi wanda zai iya kashe ƙananan kifaye ba, har ma babban makiyi. Matsakaicin cirewar wutan lantarki shine 350V. Ga dan Adam, ba mai mutuwa bane, amma yana iya zama abin mamaki har zuwa asarar sani. Sabili da haka, don guje wa haɗarin da ba dole ba, ya fi kyau nesa da ƙwallan lantarki kuma ku kasance kusa.

Shugaban kifin lantarki shine orange. Hoto daga Arjan Haverkamp.

Farauta don ganima

Haske na lantarki ba tare da faɗakarwa ba kuma baya wucewa kafin babban ganima. Idan kowane halitta mai rai ya bayyana kusa da ƙwal, sai ya girgiza kai tsaye jikinsa duka, yana fitar da fitowar 300-350 V, wanda dukkanin abubuwan dake faruwa a ciki suke mutuwa, galibi ƙananan kifi. Bayan jiran kifin da ke shanyayye ya nutse a gindin, mikiyar a hankali tana yin iyo zuwa shi kuma ta hadiye duka, bayan haka ta huta na wasu mintuna, tana narke abinci.

Kusan ba zai yiwu a kama eel na lantarki a kan mashin kifi ba, wannan dabarar tana da mummunar tasiri a kansa, saboda ba shi da kyawun gani. Wannan misalin ya samu ne kwatsam. Bayan daukar hoto, an sake shi gida, ya koma cikin ruwa. Hoto daga: Seig.

Wutar lantarki - abubuwa masu ban sha'awa

Wutar lantarki ba ta da komai tare da wutsi na yau da kullun. Ya kasance a cikin aji na ray-finned kifi (Actinopterygii).
A cikin mutane masu wutan lantarki, idanuwansu ba su da kyau, akwai ra'ayin kimiyya cewa da tsufa idanun kifin suka daina gani kwata-kwata. Kuma suna bacci da farauta, galibi da daddare.
Mala'ikan lantarki suna cinyewa. Ba wai kawai suna ciyar da kananan kifaye ba, har ma a kan tsuntsayen, amphibians, crustaceans, har ma da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Gymnos mai mallakar gajeren hakora, baya cin abinci, amma yana cinye shi gaba ɗaya.
Amfani da fitarwa na lantarki, baƙar fata suna magana da juna.
Wutar lantarki tana da mai ganowa tare da raƙuman ruwa mai ƙarancin mitarwa, tare da taimakon wanda take karɓar bayani game da cikas ko kusa.
Idan ka karɓi ƙaramin ƙaramin lantarki na lantarki, zaku iya jin ɗanɗano kaɗan.
Wutan lantarki a cikin kwatankwacin adadin wadanda abin ya shafa ya zamar musu kwatankwacin piranha.
A karo na farko, an ambaci eel na lantarki a cikin tarihin tarihin ƙarni na 17 a matsayin halitta mai ban mamaki da ke zaune a Antilles. Bayan kusan ƙarni guda, sanannen masanin kimiyya Alexander von Humbolt ya bayyana kifin.

Don dakin motsa jiki, ya zama dole don samar da babban akwatin kifaye, mai girma, da aka ba shi girman kifin, yakamata ya sami akalla mita 3 tare da aƙalla bangon. Yana da mahimmanci la'akari da zurfin tafki, na lantarki koyaushe yakan hau zuwa saman, bayan wannan kuma ya sake komawa cikin ƙananan shimfiɗa, dangane da wannan ya fi dacewa don samar da zurfin tanki na ruwa aƙalla mita 1.5-2.

Wutan lantarki shine yanki na rayuwar akwatin kifaye. Hoto ta: patries71.

Guda ɗaya ne kaɗai za a iya kiyayewa a cikin akwatin kifaye guda, saboda lokacin da kifayen ba sa sha'awar jima'i da juna, har ma mutane masu sihiri suna iya yin faɗa da abokin aikinsu. Hakanan, saboda kasancewar kayan aikinta na musamman na lantarki, akwai 'yan wasu nau'ikann ruwa na ruwa wadanda zasu iya rayuwa kusa da zafin wutan lantarki. Mikiya tana da hangen nesa mara kyau, tana amfani da maɓallin lantarki don tafiya cikin yanayin ruwa - yana fitar da raunin lantarki mai rauni (10-15 V), kuma lokacin da aka gano wani abu na halitta (mai yuwuwar cutar da shi), ƙarfin cirewa yana ƙaruwa.

Wannan kwas ɗin lantarki a fili yana nuna yadda mahimmancin girman (tsawon) na akwatin kifayen yake. Hoto daga Scott Hanko.

Akwatin kifayen tare da ƙwallan lantarki ba ya buƙatar tashin hankali. Zazzabi ruwa kada ya kasance ƙasa da digiri 25 Celsius, tauri - 11-13 digiri, acidity (pH) a cikin kewayon 7-8. Abin takaicin shi ne, waƙar hymnotus ba ta son canje-canje na ruwa akai-akai, akwai shawarwari waɗanda kifayen kansu suka kirkiro da wani microclimate wanda abubuwan antimicrobial suke tarawa waɗanda ke hana farkon cututtuka. In ba haka ba, ulce na fata fata ana samun su da ƙashin lantarki.

Yana son yashi mai yashi, an yarda da karamin pebble, an yarda da kasancewar matsakaitan matsakaitan ciyawa, yana kuma kaunar filin da yake cike da tudu - duwatsu, kogon dutse, busasshen itace.

Da farko, kadan game da babban halayyar.

Wutar lantarki na da ƙarfi sosai, tana kaiwa hari nan da nan kuma ba za ta faɗakar da kowa game da niyyarsa ba.Amintaccen nesa daga nisan mita ba kasa da mita uku - wannan ya isa ya guji haɗari mai haɗari.

M eel yana haifar da zubarda wutar lantarki har zuwa 1200 V kuma mai zuwa 1 A. Ko da ƙananan ƙananan akwatin kifaye suna samar da fitowar daga 300 zuwa 650 V. Don haka, wutar lantarki kwalliyar lantarki na iya zama haɗari ga mutane.

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