Wakilin yammaEryx jaculus) - maciji daga gidan pseudopods, daskararren yashi na boas. Matsakaici sized maciji. Tsayin jikin mutum tare da wutsiya a cikin mata ya kai 87 cm, maza sun ɗan yi kaɗan. Wutsiyar gajarta ce, tsawon 40-60 mm, santsi yayi zagaye. Shugaban yana convex, ba'a cire shi daga jiki, an rufe shi saman tare da wasu garkuwoyi masu yawa marasa tsari. Goshin da saman saman mucks wasu convex ne. Idanun sun juya gefe. Sikeli suna da laushi, kusanci da wutsiya tare da burburan hakarkarinsa. Gashi mai tsinkaye ɗayan kuma a gefenta akwai rukunin hanji. Yankin sashin jiki ya bambanta daga ash duhu zuwa tan. Ganyen launin shuɗi ko baƙi suna cikin layuka ɗaya ko biyu tare da bayan. An shirya ƙananan maganganu masu duhu cikin layuka tare da ɓangarorin jikin. Shugaban yana da launi ɗaya, wani lokacin yana da dige masu duhu. Jikin jikin mara nauyi ne mai duhu. Ciyar da macizai matasa masu ruwan hoda.
Habitat
Kamannin ya zama ruwan dare a Kudancin Turai akan yankin Balkan, arewa maso gabashin Afirka, a arewacin Arabianasashen Larabawa, a Minan Asiya, Siriya, Iran, Iraki, da Palestine. A cikin Caucasus sananne ne a kudancin Armenia, gabashin Georgia, Azerbaijan. An san shi daga tsibirin Nargin a cikin Tekun Caspian kusa da Baku.
A kan ƙasar Rasha ana samun ta a Dagestan, Chechnya, a kudu na Tervropol Territory. Abubuwan da aka keɓe sun zama sananne a cikin kusancin Grozny, ƙauyen Starogladkovskaya a Chechnya, a Karanogai da Malaya Areshevka a Dagestan da kuma yankin kudanci Ergeni a Kalmykia da kuma a kudancin Kalmykia a cikin tasoshin Manzhekina da Dzhezhekiny.
Tana zaune a buɗe bushe-bushe da kuma hamada, macizai suna jingina da yumɓu da ƙasa, ba a taɓa samun su akan yashi ba, cikin gonakin inabi da gonaki. Ana samun shi sau da yawa a cikin Caucasus tare da kwarin kogi; a cikin tsaunuka, yana zaune a tsawan sama da 1500 zuwa 1700 m sama da matakin teku. A ko'ina cikin kewayon, nau'in ya dogara ne da shimfidar wurare masu tsauri.
Abinci da Ciki
Yana ciyarwa akan wasu ƙananan ramuka: rodents, lizards, tsuntsaye. Bayan hunturu, macizai sun fara aiki a cikin Maris-Afrilu, kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa farkon Oktoba. Maza na farko sun bayyana, bayan kwanaki 10-15 - mace. Ana maimaita canjin sau da yawa. Tsawan ciki na kimanin watanni 5. A watan Agusta-Satumba, mace na haihuwar jarirai 4-20 zuwa 12-15 cm tsayi.
Yana jagorantar rayuwar sirri. Macizai yawanci suna ɓoye a ƙarƙashin duwatsun, ɓoye a cikin yashi, a cikin ɓarnain ƙwaƙwalwa da tsuntsayen. Yana yawanci farauta a cikin dare ko a faɗuwar rana.
Bayanan kula
- ↑ 12Tsarin tsari da daidaituwa (Ingilishi). BioLib.cz Da aka dawo da Janairu 11, 2011.
- ↑Ananyeva N. B., Borkin L. Ya., Darevsky I. S., Orlov N. L. Theamus biyu na sunayen dabbobi. Amphibians da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Latin, Rashanci, Ingilishi, Jamusanci, Faransanci. / Acad ya gyara shi. V. E. Sokolova. - M.: Rus. Yaz., 1988 .-- S. 275 .-- kwafi 10,500. - ISBN 5-200-00232-X
Tunani
Mai kula da yamma
a shafin yanar gizon IPEE RAS
- Dabbobin dabbobi na Rasha: Maƙaddar Yammacin Turai (rus.). sevin.ru An makale daga asalin a kan Afrilu 16, 2012.Da aka dawo da Janairu 11, 2011.
- Bayanan komputa mai Sauyawa: Eryx jaculus (eng.)
Gidauniyar Wikimedia. 2010.
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Ina ne maƙerin yammacin yake zaune?
Wannan macijin ya samo sunan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa kewayonsa yana cikin yamma zuwa yankin mazaɓar asalin gaba ɗaya. Turawan yamma suna zaune a Asiya orarama, Caucasus, Gabas ta Tsakiya da yankin Balkan. A cikin ƙasarmu, ya sami mashahuri daga gabashin Ciscaucasia. Hakanan, waɗannan macizai suna zaune a Arewacin Afirka.
Wadannan macizai ba zasu iya amfani da burbushin wasu dabbobi kawai ba, har ma suna binne kansu a cikin abin kwance.
Gidajen magabaci na yamma sune ƙasa mai ɗaci (stony ko lãka). A cikin tsaunuka suna zaune ne a tsaunin da ya kai mita 1700. An samo asali a kan ƙasa mai noma: gonakin inabi, filaye da gonakin inabai. Bugu da kari, ana samo su a kan yadudduka yashi.
Yansandan yamma sun sami mafaka a karkashin manyan duwatsu, wanda wani tsari ne na motsa kwari da kwari ko kwari. Wadannan macizai ba zasu iya amfani da burbushin wasu dabbobi kawai ba, har ma suna binne kansu a cikin abin kwance.
Turawan yamma sun afkawa wadancan dabbobin da ake amfani da makabarta.
A lokacin rani, suna aiki da daddare da maraice. Sukan farautar dabbobi da ke zama cikin ramuka kuma abin mamaki da mamaki.
Ina yake zama
A cikin Rasha, ana samun maɓallin yamma a gabashin Ciscaucasia, Chechnya, a cikin yankuna na kudanci na Stavropol Territory. A waje da Tarayyar Rasha, wadannan halittu masu rarrafe suna zaune ne a Gabashin Turai, Asiya ta Tsakiya, Siriya, Iran, a arewacin yankin Larabawa da kuma wasu yankuna na Afirka. Abubuwan da aka fi so sune mazaunan ƙasashen yamma sune rabe-rabensu da kuma hamada. A cikin Caucasus, ana iya samunsu a wurare masu laima, kamar kwari, kogunan itacen inabi ko gonakin inabi. Gina dakaru sun gwammace da ƙasa, ƙasa mai laushi. A cikin tsaunuka, matsakaicin matsakaici don wakilan wannan nau'in shine 1700 m sama da matakin teku.
Alamun waje
Tsawon jikin mai wakiltar yamma ya kai cm 80. Yana da jiki mai laushi da wutsiya mai gajarta tare da ƙarshen farin ciki. Ba a cire kansa mai rarrafe daga jikin mutum, an lullube shi da garkuwa masu fasali da yawa ba na zamani ba, saman sa, kamar goshi, yana da sifar convex dan kadan.
Idanun suna a bangarorin kai, wanda ke taimakawa rarrabe maƙarƙashiyar yamma daga nau'in da ke da dangantaka - yashi mai yashi, a cikin idanun sama suke da kusanci da juna. Wannan rarrabe ya kasance sanadin bambancin launi. Za'a iya fentin baya a launin toka, launin ruwan kasa, launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi. Yawancin tabo suna rufe shi. Strian ƙaramin rami mai duhu yana buɗewa daga ido zuwa kusurwar bakin. Bodyasan jikin yana da haske, wani lokacin launin rawaya.
Boanƙasassu na zamani suna da sauƙin ganewa ta launi mai haske na ruwan ciki. Idan ka lura da gefen ƙananan jikinka, to, a gefunan garkuwar murfin dabino kaɗai zaka iya lura da lamuran gabobin baya.
Rayuwa
Mai ikon mallaka na yamma wata halitta ce mai sirri da sirri. Yawancin lokaci yakan ɓoye a ƙarƙashin duwatsun, snags ko ya zauna cikin ɓoyayyen ɓarna na baƙin ƙarfe. Idan babu tsari mai dacewa, maɗaura sai kawai suyi lafuzza cikin ƙasa mai laushi. A cikin zafi, dabbobi masu rarrafe suna barin matsugunansu kawai da maraice ko a maraice. Haɗu da mai wakiltar yamma da yamma nasara ce mai wuya. Irin waɗannan tarurrukan suna iya yiwuwa a lokacin bazara fiye da kowane lokaci na shekara. Kimanin sau ɗaya kowane ɗaya zuwa watanni biyu, macizai na manya suna motsawa, suna zubar da tsohuwar fata gaba ɗaya. A cikin matasa yara, molting ne mafi gama gari.
A farkon bazara, yawanci a watan Maris - Afrilu, maza sune farkon waɗanda suka farka daga ƙanƙancin hunturu, mace ta haɗu da su game da makonni biyu. Zaman ciki na magabata na yamma shine tsawon watanni biyar. A ƙarshen bazara, ana haihuwar jarirai 4 zuwa 20. Suna buƙatar samun ƙarfi da sauri kuma shirya don farkon hunturu a rayuwarsu.
Masu mulkin mallaka na Yammaci sune ƙaddara masu aiki. Sukan farauto jijiyoyi, beraye, macizai makafi, kwaɗi da ƙarami. Mai fashin bakin yakan shayar da wanda aka azabtar, ya sanya zoben a kusa da shi, sannan ya hadiye duka.
A cikin Littafin Red of Russia
Yawan nau'in halitta yana raguwa, kuma babban abin da ke iyakance shi ne rage yawan wuraren zama da suka dace da shi. Wataƙila ana lalata yanayin gurɓataccen muhalli da kuma abin da ke haifar da damuwa a ɓangaren mutane. Bugu da kari, a cikin Rasha, ma'adanai na yamma yana zaune a kan iyakar kewayonsa. Don wannan dalili shi kaɗai, yawanta anan ba babba bane. Baya ga littafin Red na Rasha, an haɗa wannan nau'in a cikin jerin muhalli na Armenia da Georgia.
Yana da ban sha'awa
Haliccin maƙeran maƙeran, ko yashi na boas, na daga cikin iyayen ɓoyayyun ne, ko maƙeran maciji, macizai. An kiyaye adon rukunin goshin da kuma ƙwayoyin ƙashin ƙugu, waɗanda suke da haɓaka cikin maza fiye da mace, an kiyaye su a cikin waɗannan talifofi masu rarrafe. Sakamakon haka, magabacin yamma wanda ke zaune a Rasha da mummunar barna daga Kudancin Amurka membobi ne na tsohuwar iyali.
Me maginjin yamma ya ci?
Turawan yamma sun afkawa wadancan dabbobin wadanda burbushinsu suke amfani da shi - makusantan su: zakoki, macizai makafi da beraye. Macijin ya kori abin da ya ci, ya rufe kansa da zoben da ke kusa da shi, daga nan ya haɗiye ta. Duk da gaskiyar cewa boas suna ɓoye kusa da toads, toads ba sa zama ganima.
Matasa mutane ke farautar kwari da ƙananan layoyi.
Ba kamar sauran macizai ba, boas na Yamma ba sa buƙatar ruwa, suna samun danshi da yakamata daga abinci, amma a wasu lokutan sukanyi fari da raɓa da ruwan sama.
Matasa mutane ke farautar kwari da ƙananan layoyi. Femaleaya mace tana fitowa daga jarirai 10 zuwa 20 waɗanda tsawon jikinsu ya kai santimita 14.
Boas na Yammacin duniya sun fi kwanciyar hankali idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinsu - yashi. Idan aka tsince shi, ba zai yi kokarin cizo ba. Wadannan macizai sun dace da rayuwa a farfajiyar gidan, har ma suna ciyar da hannun mai shi.
A cikin ƙasarmu, mazaunin mazaunin yammacin duniya ƙanƙane ne, don haka aka ƙidaya yawan jama'a a cikin littafin nan na Red Book.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
