Idanun launin ruwan hoda, masu launin ja mai haske tare da rogeltes masu zagaye baki, ulu, ƙugiya mai sauƙi, alherin sarauta.

A zahiri, sunan madaidaiciya ga damisa shi ne Panthera afuwa, watau "tabo mai ban tsoro." Sunan kimiyya Panther shine asalin halittar manyan kuliyoyi, wanda ya hada da nau'ikan hudu: zaki, damisa, jaguar da damisa. Cutar damisa ta Gabas ita ce mafi girma a cikin dukkanin ƙasashe masu tallafin. Kudancin Primorsky Krai ya fi dacewa da rayuwa: tsaunuka da aka rufe dazuzzukan daji, koguna masu sauri suna gudana a yankin kan iyaka da Korea da China. Akwai abinci mai yawa - deer, barewa, barewar daji. Yawancin ciyayi, abinci da kuma rashin mutane gaba - menene kuma ake buƙata don farin cikin maƙiyin?

Dabba ce ta asali, damisa ta sami damar daidaita da yanayin mahalli na Primorye. Lokacin bazara mai zafi, mai sanyi, lokacin sanyi, dusar ƙanƙara a wannan yanki sun dace da kuliyoyi masu haɓaka, waɗanda ke da lokacin damuna a watan Janairu, kuma watanni uku bayan haka, ana haihuwar ƙananan kittuna makafi.

Wannan kyakkyawar dabba mai sassauƙa tana da ƙafafu masu ƙarfi da wutsiya mai tsayi - suna taimaka tsalle daga wuri zuwa tsayinsa ya kai mita biyar. Babu sauran kuliyoyi masu tsalle-tsalle a duniya. Tana amfani da iyawarta yayin da ta riski wanda aka cutar da - barewa, alal misali, ko kuma dabbar ruwa. Zai iya tsare ta na kwana biyu ko uku a wurin da aka nufa, to, tare da tsalle-tsalle mai walƙiya, ya mamaye abincinsa a ƙasa, ya huɗa wuya. Da yake ya ba da ladan kansa saboda ƙarancinsa, damisar yakan ci abinci, sauran naman kuwa ya ɗaga sama, akan itace ko dutse. Wannan yana da matuƙar wahala, saboda gawa tana da nauyi sau biyu kamar cat da kanta. Ban da ƙarfin kai da ƙarfi mai ban mamaki, an bambanta damisa ta bakin gani mai ban mamaki: yana neman ganima a nisan mil ɗaya da rabi!

Da zarar damisa ta zama abin ado a kotunan sarki. Firistocin Masar suna ajiye manyan kuliyoyi a haikalin. Sarakunan Armeniya sun ƙaddamar da su a cikin lambunan su. A zamanin da, tsoffin shugabannin ƙasa a matsayin alamar girmamawa ne suka bai wa juna dabbobin da baƙon dabbobi.

Leopard na gabas yana kasancewa loner wanda baya yarda da gasa a cikin yankinsa (ba'a kirga mace ba). Dabbobin suna yin yawo a kai suna neman ganima kuma ba shi da farin ciki idan ya hadu da wani namiji ko - har ma ya fi muni - ɗan 'uwan shi, wato damisa Amur.

Yakan yi ƙoƙari kada ya ɓoye da damisa: maɓallin makiyaya sun fi girma da ƙarfi. Jefa gargadin juna, biyun kuliyun da suka fi falala a duniyar ku sun banbanta ta hanyoyi daban-daban.

INHUMAN MAN

Leopard aljanna ta zo ƙarshen ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, lokacin da mutum ya fara shugabancin Gabas ta Tsakiya. Shi, tare da halayensa na rashin hankali ga duk wani abu mai rai, ya fara sare gandun daji, gina gidaje, hanyoyi, shimfida bututun mai da kawai poach: harbi damisa da kansu da abincinsu - ungulates. Ana kashe kyawawan kuliyoyi saboda fatar, har ma da sauran bangarori daban-daban da aka yi amfani da su a madadin magani.

Masu kiwo ma suna harbe su. Yankunan da ake adana ɓoyayyen yanki (don karɓar antlers) suna da kyau ga damisa. Suna sauƙaƙe tsalle a kan raga a cikin bege na jin daɗin ɓarna kuma sun faɗi ƙarƙashin harsasai na wuraren shakatawa na reindeer. Ana kashe su saboda ƙiyayya da tsoron cewa dabbar ta iya kaiwa hari na farko. Amma damisa, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi mai haɗarin gaske, ba ya kai hari ga mutane. Aƙalla a cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata ba a taɓa samun irin wannan shari'ar a Gabas ta Tsakiya ba.

Leopter na gabas ba ya jin tsoron mutane, amma yana ƙoƙari ya tsaya nesa nesa ba kusa ba. Ofayan abin da aka fi so a cikin magabatan shine ya kalli legan wasan biyu saboda katako. Kasancewar yana da cikakkiyar ji da hangen nesa, dabbar tana jin mutum tun yaushe kafin ya gano ta. Karen da yake gani mai santsi yakan shiga cikin busasshiyar ciyawar, ba a kula dashi ba, sannan ya bi sahun mutum, yana kallon sa.

Leopard yana da ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma yana da sirrin sirri. Yakan bi hanyoyi guda iri daya, amma ganin hakan kusan bashi yiwuwa. Kuma kawai a cikin hunturu, ƙafafun ƙafa a cikin dusar ƙanƙara suna ba da labarin rayuwa da motsi na masu ƙaddara. Alas, waɗannan burbushi ya zama ƙanƙanuwa.

Kadan sau da yawa yaji canjin kukan da maza. Kuma a kan bishiyar bishiyoyi babu kusan alamomi daga kaho mai kaifi. Leopard ya juya ya zama fatalwa. Koyaya, mummunan samu wani lokaci yana tunatar da kasancewar sa cikin daji. Misali, a shekara ta 2009, mazauna karkara sun sami damisa ta harbe mata. A autopsy, ya juya cewa tana da ciki. Babban abin damuwa shine kisan da aka aikata don nishaɗi: wataƙila, mahara sun ɗauki hoto don ƙwaƙwalwa kusa da dabba da aka kashe kuma sun bar gawar don tsoratar.

A yau, an sanya damisa ta gabas a cikin littafin Red na Redungiyar Rasha, an haramta farauta daga 1956, kuma an haramta kama tun a shekarar 1966. An kuma haɗa wannan nau'in da ke cikin haɗari a cikin Babban littafin Redungiyar Unionasa ta Duniya don Kula da Yanayi. Dangane da sabon kididdigar da aka yi a cikin hunturu na shekara ta 2009, ƙasa da damisa 40 ke zaune yanzu a cikin Ussuri taiga.

KITTENS DON SAURARA

Bayan doguwar tattaunawa game da wannan babbar matsalar, masanan muhalli, masana muhalli, masana kimiyya da kuma shugabancin kasar sun sami ra'ayi daya: Ya kamata a ceci damisa ta Gabas. Amma ta yaya? Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa, amma dukansu suna da haɗin gwiwa ko kaɗan, suna buƙatar kudade masu yawa, aiki mai cike da zane da. canje-canje a cikin sanin jama'a. Abin mamaki shine, mazaunan Primorye basu da kishin adana damisa ko damisawar Amur. Kasancewar mawuyacin halin da makiyaya ke hargitsa mazaunan karkara: tsarin inganta garkuwar da ke ba da damar yin amfani da gandun daji kamar filaye.

A shekarar 1994, an kirkiro wata rukunin dabbobi a gidan ajiyar namun daji na Moscow don adana nau'ikan dabbobi masu hadarin gaske. Wannan Cibiyar bincike, wacce aka rufe wa baƙi, tana kan hectare 200 na ƙasa kusa da Volokolamsk a yankin Moscow. Mutane shida na farko na damisa na gabashin gabas (maza uku da mace uku) sun bayyana anan 1997. Sai ya zama ya zama cewa kuliyoyi da wuya ku zamo biyun. Mace suna da matukar kaifi, masu jan hankali, za su iya wasa ko yin faɗa tare da membobin da ke mata da maza, amma dangantakar soyayya ba ta biyo ta. A tsawon shekarar, likitocin dabbobi sun yi aiki don kirkiro nau'i-nau'i (sun yi nasarar samar da biyu), a shekaru da yawa dabbobin sun yi balaga yayin lokacin dasa su, amma matan ba su sami juna biyu ba. A shekara ta 2000, da alama sa'a tayi murmushi ga masana kimiyya, amma dukkan zuriyar (kitunan guda uku) sun mutu. Yunkurin samun zuriya daga waɗannan damisa ya ci gaba har zuwa 2007, lokacin da dabbobin suka sami haihuwa.

A cikin 2003, kyakkyawar Isolde ta bayyana a cikin gandun daji, wanda aka kawo shi daga gidan wasan Novosibirsk. Bayan da ta balaga, sai ta “arufin” ga wani dattijo (shekara 10) Harbin. Shekaru da yawa, damisa sun kalli juna - Isolde ya juya ya zama da wuya. A cikin 2006, ma'auratan suna da kittens uku, amma ƙwarewar ciyarwa ta farko ba ta yi nasara ba. Yaran biyu saboda karancin mahaifiyar sun mutu a rana ta farko, an dauki na ukun don ciyar da dabbobi. An bai wa yaran sunan barkwanci Fir.

Likitan zoo Tatyana Dyomina ta kula da damisa a gida a farkon watanni. A cikin ilimin ta an taimaka masa ta hanyar dachshund Plush. Yana dan shekara biyu, an canza Fir zuwa daya daga cikin wuraren kiwon dabbobi a Italiya.

A shekara ta 2008, Isolda ta sake haifan wasu cubyayu biyu wadanda ta samu nasarar ciyar da su. Ofayan ɗayansu yanzu yana cikin gidan kallo na Moscow a cikin bayanin, na biyun ya mutu.

Isolda ya zama mahaukaci mahaukaci. Ba wai kawai ba ta yi barci ba har tsawon kwanaki uku na farko, a hankali ta ɓoye yaran. Ma'aikatan jinya sun sanya kyamarar bidiyo a cikin jirgin sama don kallon inna da kittens a kusa da agogo. Isolde ba ya son wannan sosai. Kamarar ba ta rufe ƙananan yanki ba kawai a cikin gidan, Izya kuma sanya kittens a cikin wannan wuri! Komai yawan likitocin dabbobi da suka yi kokarin duba sabbin jarirai, basuyi nasara ba har yaran sun girma sun fara tafiya da kansu ba tare da wata matsala ba.

A yau, Isolde yana da sabon zato - matashin saurayi Bratwag, wanda ya zo daga Jamus. Ba nan da nan ba, amma Izya karbe shi. Namiji har yanzu bai kware ba kuma yana tsoron matsanancin matar sa, hakan yasa Izya murguda baki ta juya shi yadda yake so. Koda yake, ma'aikatan gidan zoo suna fatan cewa sabbin karnuka zasu bayyana a lokacin bazara.

KUDI ZUWA NATURE

Ba shi yiwuwa a sake dabbar da aka Haife ta zaman bauta a cikin taiga. Ba ya tsoron mutane kuma abu na farko da zai yi shi ne zuwa ƙauyukan da ke kusa, saboda mutum shine mai bibiyar sa. Kuna iya tunanin yadda yan garin zasu hadu da damisa. Sabili da haka, a cikin ƙasa ta ƙasa damisa, wajibi ne don ƙirƙirar wurin da za a ajiye inda kuliyoyi daga cibiyar mahalli za su zauna kuma su yi kiwo. Kuma tuni yaransu zasu iya shiga cikin dazuzzukan daji.

Don dacewa da rayuwar mai zaman kanta, dole ne a haife ɗan a wuraren da za'a sake shi. Wannan ana kiransa sake haifuwa cikin halitta. Hakanan, daman Amur a Iran, bustards a Ingila, leopard na Asiya ta Tsakiya a cikin Caucasus suna dawowa yanayin yanayi.

Zuwa yanzu, suna magana ne kawai game da damisa ta Gabas; ginin cibiyar sake ginawa tana farawa ne a Ussuriisky Reserve. Shi ma shirin kasa da kasa don sake haifar da damisa daga gabas ta gabas zuwa cikin yanayi shi ma a farkon matakin ne - na kasa da kasa, saboda damisa ke yawo zuwa Koriya da China. Sukan tashi, su haihu a can su koma ƙasarsu ta asali.

Yanzu masana kwararru na kula da farauta suna shirin tsara ƙungiyar damisa ta gaba. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da abin da ake kira tarkunan kyamara waɗanda ke ba ku damar gane dabbobi "a cikin mutum." Kamarar da aka ɗora akan itace tana amsa kowane motsi. Dabba na wucewa, wutar firikwensin, kuma kamara tana ɗaukar hoto. Rosettes akan fatar leopards ɗaiɗaikun ne, kamar hoto a cikin dabino. Saboda haka, ensus ensus idayar zata kasance daidai.

A cewar Kungiyar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya, a halin yanzu gidajen adana dabbobi 60 da tarin mutane masu zaman kansu a cikin duniya suna dauke da damisa ta Gabas ta 195 (maza 104 da mata 91), yayin da dukkan bokayen da aka haife cikin bauta sun fito ne daga gwanaye goma da aka kama a yanayi.

Kuma abin da za a yi bayan ƙidaya? Kusan ba zai yiwu a yi yaƙi da masu satar jama'a ba. Dokoki basa aiki. Matsakaicin kuɗin da aka yiwa dabbar da ba kasafai ba kusan 1000 rubles ne. Kuma, kamar yadda ma'aikata na gandun daji na Moscow suka ce, ba wanda ke kama kowa.

Zai yiwu zai zama da amfani a gare mu mu kware da kwarewar ajiyar waje. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, ajiyar wuri shine wurin shakatawa da tafiye-tafiye na baƙi, wanda ke nufin yana samun riba, wanda kuma yake da mahimmanci. Kuma babu masu ba da izini a yankin sa. Akwai wani yanayi na daban game da yanayinsu da tunaninsu daban.

Kuma hanyar tunaninmu yana barin abubuwa da yawa da ake so. Sau da yawa ba mu tunanin cewa idan damisa ta Gabas ta Tsallake (ko dame, ko kyarkeci, ko wata dabba) ta ɓace, to, za a ƙeta daɗin jituwa na duniya mai kyau, wacce mu keɓaɓɓun ɓangarenmu, za a keta doka.

Yadda ake gane damisa Amur

Adadin maza na damisa na gabas ya sha bamban tsakanin kilo 32-48; a baya ma, an hadu da manyan wakilan nau'in da suka kai kilo 60-75. Mace suna ɗaukar nauyi kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da maza, nauyinsu ya kai kilo 25-43.

Matsakaicin matsakaicin tsayin jiki na damisa Amur shine lemoti 105,455. A ƙashinda suka isa santimita 65-75. Leopards na gabashin gabas suna da dogayen wutsiya kimanin santimita 80-90 a girma.

Maharbin yana da kauri, mai taushi da dogon furfura. A lokacin rani, tsawon fur ɗin ya kasance santimita 2.5, kuma a cikin hunturu fur ɗin ya yi tsawo sosai - 7.5 santimita. A baya, Jawo ya fi guntu fiye da na ciki.

The amur damisa ne ainihin maƙiyi.

Babban launi na fata mai launin shuɗi ne, amma kirji, ciki da tukwanan paws sun fi sauran sauran jiki haske. An kawata fata da bakin baƙi. Abubuwan da suke fitowa daga baya da tarnaƙi suna kusa da juna, kuma a tsakaninsu akwai gibi mai launi ja.

Cutar damisa ta Amur sun fi haske a launi fiye da amo na Afirka da na Indiya. Wani fasalin da ke tattare da damisa ta Gabas shine idanu masu launin shuɗi.

Amur damisa na rayuwa, abinci mai yalwa da yalwa

A wani lokaci, damisa Amur na da wahala a waɗannan wuraren da damisar Amur ke zama. Amma, a yau, waɗannan matsalolin ana ɗaukar su kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda mutum ya halitta kansa. Babban dalilin wargajewar yawan waxannan fitattun dabbobi shi ne farauta.

Damisa ta Gabas dabba ce mai haɗari.

'Yan asalin yankin ba kawai ke farauta ba kawai, amma mahalli ne na Rasha daga Vladivostok. Haka kuma, Chinesean Sinawa da ke kan iyaka da Rasha suna ba da gudummawa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba.

Tun shekara ta 2002, an harba wasu damisa 9 na Gabas ta Tsakiya da 2 a cikin kasar Sin a yankin kasarmu. Manyan dokoki sun gurbata dokar hana farautar yara. A wannan batun, ana bi mafi tsauraran ka'idoji a kasar Sin, inda hukuncin kisa ke fuskantar kisa saboda kisan guruwar da aka yi wa damisa. A cikin ƙasarmu, dokokin sun fi aminci - masu ba da agaji sun karɓi shekaru 2 a kurkuku da tarar 500,000 rubles.

Gandun daji, wanda shine babban mazaunin wannan maƙiyin, har ila yau yana haifar da rage yawan damisa da ke faruwa a yankin. Yawancin mazauna birni suna cin wuta ga gandun daji, don haka yana haɓaka haɓakar fern, wanda shine ɗayan kayan masarufi a cikin abincin Sin da Far gabashin Rasha. Sayar da fatarar kuɗi yana kawo kuɗi mai tsoka, kuma yawan dabbar dabbar da ke ƙasa tana raguwa. Lambobin waɗannan dabbobin suna raguwa da fargaba.

Amur damisa: ba za ku yi wasa da irin wannan yar kyanwa ba.

'Amur' 'lear' 'Amur' '' 'Amur' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' daga ';'; Halin da ake ciki yanzu yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa an tilasta wa manyan kuliyoyin canza yanayin mazauninsu na al'ada, saboda ba za su iya samar da kansu da adadin abincin da ake buƙata ba. Sakamakon haka, damisa da ke gabas ta mutu sau da yawa saboda yunwar da harsasai daga mafarauta.

Makaranta gabas ta gabas

Wadannan mazaunan gandun daji taiga sun fi son salon rayuwarsu kadai. Sai kawai a lokacin ma'aurata ne maza ke saduwa da mace. The mating lokacin da dama, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin watan Janairu. Ciki a cikin mace yana da watanni 3. Mahaifiyar da ke gaba tana neman ramin, yana iya zama kogo, ɓacin rai a cikin ƙasa ko ɓarna a tsakanin duwatsun.

Haifaffen jarirai an haife su ne a cikin bazara, akwai san 2-3 a cikin zuriyar dabbobi, ba su da idanu, amma fatar jikinsu ta riga ta zama tabo. Matasa matasa ba su bar mahaifiyarsu tsawon shekaru 2 ba. A shekara 3, suna da balaga. A cikin daji, rawanin raunin damisa na kuturtar Far 12,15 years. A zaman talala, waɗannan kuliyoyin na musamman suna rayuwa tsawon rai - har zuwa shekaru 20.

Kariya da matakan ƙara yawan damisa Amur

Kasancewar yawan jama'a a cikin daji yana da matukar bakin ciki. Leopards na gabashin gabas suna zaune a cikin zoos, inda suke kiwo. A yau, mutane 300 daga cikin damisar Amur suna zaune a cikin wuraren binciken dabbobi na kasarmu, Arewacin Amurka da Turai. An sami sakamako mai kyau a cikin kiwo waɗannan dabbobin a Zall Tallinn a Estonia.

Kwararru daga kasashe da yawa suna haɓaka shirin don musayar damisa ta Gabas ta Tsakiya tsakanin wuraren kiwon dabbobi. Wannan yakamata ya bayarda kyakkyawan sakamako a matakin tsaran kuma ya hana lalacewar abubuwan da ake samu. Akwai shirye-shirye masu kayatarwa don sake tura damisa ta Gabas a nan gaba zuwa cikin daji.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.