Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) - yardar itaciyar dabbobi, halittar halittar dabbobi - tawa. Wannan shi ne wakili na karshe a cikin danginsa, in banda shi babu kwalliya a duniyar tamu. Siffar ta musamman ita ce - dabba mafi sauri a cikin ƙasa kuma tana iya hanzarta zuwa 120 km / h, kuma wannan cat tana da mayu masu iya juyawa - wannan kamannin ba a samun shi a cikin wasu masu tsinkaye.
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Bayanin
Mai lura da talakawa na iya tunanin cewa cheetah wata dabba ce mai raɗaɗi da taƙasa: taushi, ta hannu, ba tare da asarar kitse mai ƙyalli ba, kawai tsokoki da kasusuwa, an rufe shi da launi na fata mara kyau. Amma a zahiri, wannan jikin jikan shine ya bunkasa kuma yayi fice a kyawunsa.
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Yaro zai iya kaiwa tsawon mita a tsayi kuma kusan cm 120 a tsayi; kimanin su shine nauyin kilo 50. Jawo, in mun gwada da gajeru, yana da launin rawaya mai haske, yashi mai launi, wanda akan shi, a duk faɗin banda ciki, ƙananan duhu tan alamomi masu fasali da girma dabam dabam. Irin wannan mayafin ja da daɗi yana daɗa mata cat a lokacin sanyi kuma yana iya ceton ta daga matsanancin zafi. Daga launin ruwan kasa mai haske, idanun zinare zuwa bakin, layin bakin ciki, baya wuce rabin santimita mai fadi, layin duhu mai suna "alamomin hawaye" suna sauka. Baya ga kyawawan dalilai na ado, waɗannan tsummokaran suna taka rawar gani ta musamman - suna ba ku damar mai da idanunku kan samarwa da kariya daga hasken rana.
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Maza, sabanin mata, suna da ƙaramin itacen gashi mai tsawo a wuyansu. Gaskiya ne, bayan haihuwar, duk kittens suna da wannan ado, amma lokacin da ya kai watanni 2,5 ya ɓace a cikin kitties. A saman mane, a kan ƙaramin kai, in an kwatanta da jiki, ƙananan ƙananan, kunnuwa masu zagaye, hanci yana da baki.
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Masana sun aminta cewa dukkan cheetah suna da hangen nesa da na ciki. Za su iya bibiyar wasan da aka zaɓa don farauta da kuma kallon abin da ke faruwa a kusa. Godiya ga wannan fasalin, ana ɗaukar su mafarauta marasa iyaka, dabbobin da suke bin su kusan ba su da damar samun ceto.
Abubuwan da ke cikin kwari da kuma isnadin
Guda 5 kacal na wannan dabba mai karimci sun rayu har wa yau:
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1.African cheetah (4 jinsuna):
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- Acinonyx jubatus hecki,
- Acinonyx jubatus na tsoron,
- Acinonyx jubatus jubatus,
- Acinonyx jubatus adukkannan,
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Asiatic cheetahs ya bambanta da takwarorinsu na Afirka a cikin ƙaƙƙarfan iko da gajerun ƙafafu. Hakanan a baya, masana kimiyya sun bambanta da wasu nau'ikan rigakafi - baƙar fata, amma bayan wani lokaci sai ga shi waɗannan mazaunan Kenya sun kasance karkatacciyar hanya tare da maye gurbi.
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Lokaci-lokaci, kamar sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa, ana iya samo maganin aladun albino, abin da ake kira kuliyoyin sarauta. Maimakon aibobi, an zana ratsin baƙar fata tare da kashin kashinsu, launin yana da wuta sosai, kuma maƙaƙƙen ɗan gajere ne kuma duhu. Hakanan akwai muhawara da yawa game da su a duniyar kimiyya: masana kimiyya basu san ko danganta su da wani nau'in dabam ba, ko kuma irin waɗannan abubuwan sunadarai ne sakamakon maye gurbi. Sabuwar sigar ta fito fili bayan an haifi yar karamar kittoci a 1968, wacce ba ta sha bamban da dangin da ba na sarauta ba ne.
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Habitat
Cheetah mazauni ne na irin wannan yanayi na hamada kamar hamada da savannah, babban yanayin rayuwa shine kwanciyar hankali, matsakaici mai cike da natsuwa. A baya, ana iya samun waɗannan kuzarin a kusan dukkanin ƙasashen Asiya, amma yanzu an lalata su gaba ɗaya a Masar, Afghanistan, Maroko, Sahara ta yamma, Guinea, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, kuma a wasu lokuta ana iya samun ƙananan adadi a cikin Iran. Yanzu asalin kasarsu sune Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Somalia da Sudan. Bugu da kari, ana samun su a Tanzaniya, Togo, Uganda, Chadi, Habasha, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya da Afirka ta Kudu. A Swaziland, an sake dawo da yawan jama'arsu.
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Ana daukar nau'ikan jinsunan masu zuwa:
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- Acinonyx aicha,
- Acinonyx matsakaici,
- Acinonyx kurteni,
- Acinonyx pardinensis almara ce ta Turai.
A cikin daji, wannan babban cat zai iya rayuwa daga shekaru 20 zuwa 25, kuma a cikin fursuna har zuwa 32.
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Abin da ke ci
Babban abinci ga cheetah sune:
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- gwal
- Wildebeest calves
- impala
- hares
- gwal.
A dare, wannan maharbin yana farauta da wuya kuma ya gwammace ya kasance mai aiki da safe ko lokacin faɗuwar rana, lokacin da zafi ya yi rauni, kuma hasken rana ba ya makance.
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Kusan ba ya amfani da turare lokacin farauta; babban makaminsa hangen nesa ne da saurin sa. Tunda babu wani wurin da zasu buya a tseren, cheetahs basa kaiwa hari, tunda sunga wanda zasuyi lahira, sai su kama shi a tsalle-tsalle masu yawa, suka dunkule shi da wani dunguwan iska kuma suka sare shi cikin makogwaro. Idan yayin farkon farkon 300 m na farautar abin da aka kama ba a ƙwace shi ba, bin sawun ya tsaya: saurin gudu yana ƙare dabbar, kuma ƙaramin huhun huhu baya barin dogon bi.
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Kiwo
Cheetahs sun zama balaga yayin da suke shekaru 2.5 zuwa shekaru, ciki yakai kwanaki 85 zuwa 95, ana haihuwar 'ya' ya mace sosai. Har sai kwanaki 15 na yara, 'kittens' makaho ne, ba za su iya tafiya kawai ba. Dukkanin kula da yaran sun ta'allaka ne kawai a kafaɗun mata, waɗanda suke renon jarirai a cikin shekarar, har zuwa ƙasan mai zuwa. Kasancewar maza a cikin haihuwar jinsin ya ƙare ne bisa aikin hadi.
Bayyanar
Sanannen ya bambanta da sauran kuliyoyi. Jiki ya kasance siriri, tare da ingantattun tsokoki kuma kusan babu adon kitse, da alama koda yana da rauni. Cheetah tana da karamin kai, manyan idanu da kananan kunnuwa masu zagaye - wato, jigon halittar jikin mutum, wanda yake taimakawa mafi kyawun haske yayin gudu. Hakanan, cheetah tana da kirji da huhu na babban girma, wanda shima yana ba da gudummawa ga tsananin numfashi yayin gudu. Launin launin ruwan kasa ne, da ƙananan aibobi na bakin ciki da suka warwatse ko'ina cikin jiki, raunin baƙin bakin bakin ciki a gefun mucks. Yawan girma na cheetah daga 40 zuwa 65 kilogiram, tsayin jikinsa yana daga 115 zuwa 140 cm, wani babban wutsiya yana da tsayi har zuwa cm 80. Tsawon tsinkaye a ƙ averageƙasassu yakai kimanin 75 zuwa 90 santimita.
Abun yatsan ne wanda yake jujjuyawa, wanda ba na al'ada bane ga yawancin 'yan ci-ranin amma ban da cheetah, ana lura dashi kawai a cikin masar cat, Sumatran da kudanci Iriomotean.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Cheetahs magabatan gari ne. Suna cinye akasari akan matsakaiciyar matsakaici: gazelles, impalas, wildebeests, da kuma hares. Etwaƙwalwa na iya cinye jimami. Kashi 87% daga abubuwan da cheetah ke samarwa shine Thomson's gazelle. A cikin Asiya, babban abincin da ake alakanta shi ya kasance baƙi. Cheetahs yawanci suna farauta da sassafe ko da yamma, lokacin da ba mai zafi sosai, amma isasshen haske. Gabatar da abubuwa da yawa daga gani maimakon wari.
Farauta farauta
Ba kamar sauran eta chean itacen farauta ba, suna farauta, ba farauta daga kwanton-bauna. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar yanayin mazaunin cheetahs da abubuwan farauta su shine yankin buɗewa kuma, sakamakon haka, kusan cikakkiyar damar samarwa. Da farko, sun kusanci wanda aka zaɓa a cikin nesa na kusan mita 10 (tare da kusan ba a ɓoye), sannan kuma suyi ƙoƙarin kama ta a cikin ɗan gajeren tsere. Don bin wanda aka azabtar, sun isa gudu zuwa 130 km / h, yana hanzarta zuwa 75 km / h a cikin sakan biyu. Canowa yana gudana a cikin mitsi na 6-8 m, yana ɓar da ƙasa da sakanni 0.5 akan kowane tsalle. Yayin tseren tsere, yawan cutar numfashi yana karawa sau 150 a minti daya. Cheetah ma tana iya canza hanya. Yayin gudana, yatsun cheetah suna kama da fari a takalman. Canji mai tsayi zai ba ka damar gudu, kusan ba tare da ɗaga motsin ka daga ƙasa ba, kuma riƙe kanka a tsayi ɗaya. Wutsiya tana taimakawa wajen riƙe ma'auni yayin aiki. A idanun, yanayin bayyananniya yana wucewa ta hanyar ci gaba da kwance a kwance don kar a manta da ganima lokacin da ya juya zuwa gefe (kaɗa madaidaiciya mai sauri shine ingantacciyar hanyar amfani kuma yawancin lokaci ana amfani da ƙyallen ƙyamar hanyar guje wa bin maƙiyin). Cheetah galibi tana kashe abin da ta farauto ta hanyar goge goge gaban, ta amfani da kambori wanda yake a tsakiyar wuyan hannu, sannan sai ta kakkaɓe shi. Energyarfin motsi wanda jikin mai yaudarar tsalle-tsalle mai tsayi da sauri yana taimakawa murƙushe dabba mafi girma da nauyi fiye da kanta. Gudun taunawa mai sauri yana wuce tsawon awanni ashirin a nesa nesa ba kusa da 400. Irin wannan jujjuyawar yana buƙatar kwararar iskar oxygen daga tsokoki wanda ke aiki da zuciya har ma da hucin ƙwayar wutan. Kuma idan wanda abin ya shafa ya kasa tsayar da mitukan ɗari na farkon, cheetah kawai zata daina bibiya. Duk da yawan saurin sa, kawai a kusan kashi 50% na lokuta da dabbar da wannan dabbar ke ci yana zama ganima. A Afirka, cheetah ita ce mafi rauni a cikin manyan masu farauta. Hyenas, damisa da zakuna sukan dauki ganima daga kurciya, galibi suna amfani da gaskiyar cewa cheetah na bukatar har zuwa rabin awa don hutawa bayan saurin gudu. Cheetah tana cin waɗannan dabbobin ne kawai da ya kashe kansa, wani lokacin yakan jan ganima zuwa cikin daji don ɓoye shi daga wasu maharan, kuma ya ci gaba daga baya, amma kuma sau da yawa yakan farauta a kowane lokaci.
Cetah ba ya ɓoye ganima a cikin ajiya, sabanin, misali, damisa, kuma a cikin yanayi babu wasu halayen da aka san cewa zai koma gareshi. Kuma da wuya cheetah tana da wata 'yar karamar damar yin hakan - ragowar ɗan abincin sa da yawa yana jawo hankalin mutane da yawa waɗanda ke son cin ribar abin da wani ya ƙwace.
Rarraba
Mafi yawan al'umman cheetah suna Afrika: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Chadi, CAR , Habasha da Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin Asiya, ba a rage yawancin ƙwayoyi masu alatu ba: an kiyaye yanayin rayuwa, mai yiwuwa kawai a tsakiyar Iran.
A bayyane yake, nau'in ya ɓace gaba ɗaya a cikin ƙasashe kamar: Afghanistan, Djibouti, Masar, Sahara ta yamma, Kamaru, Libya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal. Koyaya, wannan bashi da tabbas tabbas.
Ya zuwa shekarar 2015, ana kyautata zaton kusan mutane dubu 6.7 ne suka tsira, wanda daga ciki 1960 a yankin gabashin Afirka, 4,190 a Afirka ta Kudu da jimlar 440 a Yammaci, Arewa da Afirka ta Tsakiya (kimanta yanki ya dogara da bayanan 2007 shekaru). Don haka, yawan adadin cheetah suna zaune ne a kudanci nahiyar. Yawancin cheetah sun rayu a yankin Botswana - 1800 (bayanan 2007).
Juyin Halitta
Cheetahs, kusan, ya kusan mutu a lokacin da yake a lokacin kankara, yana wucewa ta “ƙwallan”. Cheetahs masu wanzuwa dangi ne na kusa, saboda haka suna nuna alamun lalacewar kwayoyin da lalacewa ta hanyar lalacewa. Misali, cheetahs suna da mutuƙar mutuƙar ƙwayar jarirai: fiye da rabin ƙananan yaran ba su rayuwa har zuwa shekara guda.
A da, cheetahs, saboda keɓancewar jikinsu, aka keɓance shi da wani yanki mai cin gashin kansa na cheetahs (Acinonychinae Pocock, 1917), duk da haka, binciken ilimin kwayoyin ya bayyana kusancin danginsu da cousars na halittar halittar, wanda shine dalilin da yasa aka sanya cheetahs zuwa kananan dabarun kananan kuliyoyi (Felinae).
Biyan kuɗi
Dangane da bincike da Krausman and Morales (2005) suka yi, a halin yanzu, akwai kasashe daban-daban na cutar alatu, hudu a Afirka kuma daya a Asiya:
- Acinonyx jubatus hecki (Hilzheimer, 1913): North West Africa da Sahara,
- Acinonyx jubatus fearoni (Smith, 1834): Gabashin Afirka,
- Acinonyx jubatus jubatus (Schreber, 1775): Afirka ta Kudu,
- Acinonyx jubatus soemmerringi (Fitzinger, 1855): Arewa maso gabashin Afirka.
A baya can wasu masanan dabbobi sun yarda da su a matsayin wasu keɓaɓɓen reshen Acinonyx jubatus raineyii (Heller, 1913) Gabashin Afirka da kuma ƙungiyoyi Acinonyx jubatus jubatus an kwatanta su ta hanyar nazarin kwayoyin halitta (O'Brien et al. 1987) kuma an gane su azaman asalinsu ne, kodayake akwai wasu bambance-bambance na waje. Hakanan ba'a kara kirgawa don rarar radin Acinonyx jubatus velox (Heller, 1913).
- Acinonyx jubatus venaticus (Griffith, 1821): Iran.
Tallafin Asiya
Asiya ta Asiya (Acinonyx jubatus venaticus) a baya aka samo shi a kudu maso gabashin nahiyar. An adana adana yawan dabbobi (kusan mutane 60) a cikin mafi yawan jama'ar kasar Iran - a lardunan Markazi, Fars da Khorasan, amma, mai yiwuwa, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da kasancewa a Afghanistan da Pakistan. A cewar masana, a yau a duk yankin na Asiya babu kasa da makami. A cewar wasu kimomi, akwai kusan dozin. Sauran mutane 23 kuma suna cikin gidan dabbobi a cikin duniya. Dangane da bincike da Nowell da Jackson (1996) suka yi, ya rayu ne a cikin Iran kawai.
Kawancen Asiya, wanda a baya ake ɗaukarsa wani bambancin jinsi ne, ya sha banban da na ɗan Afirka: tana da gajerun ƙafafu, ƙugiya mafi ƙarfi da fata mai kauri. Babban dalilan da suka sa aka samu raguwar wannan al 'amuran shine raguwar adadin yanki da cin zarafin mutane. Saboda hanyar farauta, sun fi son bude sarari: savannahs, rabin hamada, da sauransu.
Abunda kasar Iran ta fi so ita ce ta cheetah da ke zaune a wani yanki na fursuna a yankin Miyandasht a arewacin Khorasan.
Sarauniyar sarauta
Cheetah na sarauta mai rauni ne mai saurin canzawa wanda ya bambanta da yadda ake maganin alade na yau da kullun. An rufe mayafin tare da ratsi baƙar fata a bayan baya da manyan filayen haɗuwa a tarnaƙi.
An fara gano shi a cikin 1926. Da farko an yi imani da cewa wannan wani tsari ne na cheetah da serval, amma gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin halitta sun karyata wannan ka'idar. Kuma dukda cewa bambance-bambance ne kawai launin launi, an sanya asalin cheetah na wani jinsin ne daban (Acinonyx rex) Muhawara game da rarrabuwarsa ya ci gaba har zuwa 1981 a Cibiyar Cheetah ta Afirka ta Kudu "De Wildt" daga cheetahs na launi na al'ada an haife ta da mai launi iri ɗaya. Cheetahs na sarauta na iya cudanya da cheetahs na al'ada, yana haifar da cikakkiyar zuriya. Asalin maimaitawa, wanda dole ne a gada daga iyayen biyu, shi ke da alhakin wannan launi, don haka wannan nau'in launi yana da wuya.
Sauran
Akwai sauran bambance-bambancen launi a cikin cheetahs. Cheetahs na baki (wani maye gurbi da ake kira melanism) da albet cheetahs an gani. Fatar baƙar fata cheetahs baki ɗaya ce baki ɗaya tare da duhu. A cikin aikinsa, The Nature of Gabashin Afirka, G. F. Stoneham ya sanar da haɗuwa tare da bakar fata a shekarar 1925 a Kenya, Trans Nzoya. Vizi Fitzgerald ya lura da baƙar fata a cikin cheetahs. Akwai cheetahs ja - cheetahs mai launin zinare da duhu ja mai duhu, rawaya mai haske da tan cheetahs masu launin shuɗi. A wasu yankuna na hamada, ana bambanta launin fata na cheetahs ta ƙazamar al'ada, watakila wannan canza launin ya sa masu ɗaukarsa su sami karbuwa sabili da haka gyarawa.
Siffofi da mazauninsu
Cheetah dabba ce ta dabbobiwanda ya dan yi kama da kuliyoyi. Dabbar tana da siririn jiki, tsokar jiki wacce tayi kama da na kare, da manyan idanu.
Kayan cat a cikin mai cin abincin yana ba da karamin kai tare da kunnuwa masu zagaye. Wannan haɗin shine ya ba dabba damar hanzarta hanzari. Kamar yadda kuka sani a duniya babu Dabbobin da sauri fiye da alatu.
Dabba ya girma ya kai santimita 140 a tsayi kuma 90 a tsayi. Kayan daji suna da nauyin kilo 50. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa mafarautan suna da hangen nesa na ciki da na jini, wannan yana taimaka musu a farauta.
Cheetah na iya kaiwa zuwa kilomita 120 / h
Kamar yadda za'a iya gani ta hoton cheetah, maharmar yana da launin yashi mai launin shuɗi. Sai kawai ciki, kamar yawancin kuliyoyin gida, fararen fata ne. A wannan yanayin, jiki ya rufe da kananan baƙar fata, kuma a kan “fuskar” akwai ƙananan ratsin baƙin ciki.
Yanayin su "ya haifar" saboda dalili. Hanyoyi suna kama da tabarau na mutane: suna ɗan rage tasirin rana mai haske, kuma suna ƙyale maƙiyin ya kalli nesa mai nisa.
Maza suna fahariya da ƙaramin abu. Koyaya, lokacin haihuwa duk yara "sukan" saƙa na azurfa a baya, amma kimanin watanni 2,5, ya ɓace. Yawanci, yatsar cheetah din ba tayi ja da baya ba.
Irin wannan yanayin yana iya yin alfahari da kuliyoyin Iriomotean da Sumatran. Maƙaddara tana amfani da fasalinta yayin gudana, don ɗauka, azaman tsalle-tsalle.
Ana haihuwar etan Cheetah tare da ƙaramin sanda a kawunansu
A yau akwai ƙananan wakilai 5 na maɓallin:
- 4 jinsunan cheetah na Afirka,
- Tallafin Asiya.
Ana bambanta mutanen Asiya ta hanyar fatar denser, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi da paws kaɗan. A cikin Kenya, zaku iya samun cheetah baki. A da, sun yi kokarin danganta shi da wani jinsin dabam, amma daga baya suka gano cewa wannan rikitarwar asalin halitta ce.
Kuma, daga cikin magabatan da aka gano za'a iya samun albino, da cheetah. Abin da ake kira sarki ana rarrabe shi da raunin baƙar fata mai tsawo tare da bayan gida da ɗan gajeren baƙar fata.
A da, ana iya lura da magabatan a wasu ƙasashe na Asiya, yanzu an kusan gama da su a can. Kirkin ya lalace gaba daya a cikin kasashe kamar Masar, Afghanistan, Morocco, Yammacin Sahara, Guinea, UAE da sauran su. A cikin ƙasashen Afirka ne kawai a yau za ku iya saduwa da masu hangen nesa masu isasshen adadi.
A cikin hoto hoto ne na cheetah, yana da banbanci a cikin manyan hanyoyi biyu masu duhu tare da bayan
Halin Cheetah da salon rayuwa
Cheetah ita ce dabba mafi sauri. Wannan ba zai iya shafan salon rayuwarsa ba. Ba kamar yawancin magabatansu ba, suna farauta da rana. Dabbobin suna rayuwa ne takamamme a sararin samaniya. Maƙarƙashiyar mai cin gashin kai ta ƙi.
Wataƙila wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa Saurin dabba shine kilomita 100-120 / h. Cheetah lokacin gudu, yana ɗaukar kimanin numfashi 150 a cikin sakan 60. Ya zuwa yanzu, an shirya irin rikodin don dabbar. Wata mata mai suna Saratu ta tsere tseren mita dari a cikin dakika 5.95.
Ba kamar yawancin kuliyoyi ba, cheetahs suna ƙoƙarin kada su hau bishiyoyi. Abubuwan da ba su da tushe sun hana su jingina da gangar jikin. Dabbobin za su iya rayuwa biyu kuma cikin manya. Suna ƙoƙarin kada suyi rikici da juna.
Suna sadarwa tare da purr, kuma sautuka na tuni na tweets. Mace suna yin ƙasa, amma iyakokinta sun dogara da kasancewar zuriya. A lokaci guda, dabbobi ba su bambanta da tsabta, saboda haka yankuna suna canzawa da sauri.
Raunin baƙar fata a kusa da idanu suna aiki a matsayin "tabarau" na cheetah
Cutar tameet suna kama da karnuka cikin hali. Su masu aminci ne, masu aminci da horarwa. Ba don komai ba cewa an tsare su a kotu na ƙarni, kuma ana amfani da su azaman mafarauta. A Duniyar dabbobi ta dabbobi suna iya dangantawa da mamayewa yankunansu, kawai raini ne kawai ke haskakawa daga mai shi, ba tare da fada ko tashin hankali ba.
Asalin jinsin
Cheetahs ya bayyana a duniya tun kafin mutane. Kakanninsu kusan sun ɓace a lokacin ƙanyen kankara na ƙarshe, amma sun sami damar daidaitawa don canza yanayin yanayi.
Cheetah a kan bishiyar fari
An daɗe, waɗannan dabbobin an kuskuren kasafta su zuwa gidan yan cheetah daban, kawai dai dai suna karkace su da canine da feline. Amma daga baya, masana kimiyya sun kafa alaƙar kai tsaye tare da cougars, saboda wanda aka yanke shawarar tare da su don rarrabe cheetahs azaman ƙananan ƙananan kuliyoyi.
Yanzu akan duniyar akwai wasu yarjeniyoyi da yawa da suka bambanta mazauninsu da launi. A da, masana ilimin dabbobi sun gano nau'ikan masu farauta, amma bincike mai zurfi a matakin kwayoyin ya tabbatar da cewa dukkansu suna cikin sauran nau'in cutar alatu, kuma an canza kadan daga DNA saboda karamin maye gurbi.
Launi
Cheetahs suna da farar fata-fari da baƙaƙe baƙi da bazu cikin warwatse. A kan wutsiya, aibobi a hankali suka zama zobba. Wannan launi yana taimakawa wajen farauta, kamar yadda dabba take shiga busasshiyar ciyawa kuma ta zama ganuwa ga mai ganima. Hakanan yana taimakawa yayin ɓoyewa da kuma nema daga manyan masu farauta.
Jariri a farkon watanni suna da launi daban-daban: ciki mai duhu da baya mai haske. Wannan yana kare su daga abokan gaba waɗanda zasu iya kuskuren su don badakaren zuma. Abokan zakuna na karshe, da tsuntsaye da tsuntsayen ba sa son abinci.
Tail
Wutsiyar cheetahs ya girma daga 60 zuwa 84 cm tsayi kuma ana amfani dashi azaman huda lokacin gudu. Ta hanyar canza matsayinta a cikin babban saiti, maharbar zata iya shigar da manyan abubuwa, kuma wani lokacin ma ta canza shugabanci da kyau. Wannan yana ba ku damar kama ko da kayan farauta.
Wutsiya tana samun aikace-aikacen ta ba kawai don farauta ba, har ma a rayuwar yau da kullun. Misali, yayin da yake biye da ciyawa mai tsayi, mahaifiyar ta dauke shi sama domin yara su tantance matsayinta kuma zasu bi ta wannan hanyar.
Nawa ne suke raye
A cikin mazaunin halitta, cheetah tana da damar rayuwa daga shekaru 10 zuwa 20. Irin wannan yaduwar cutar sanadiyyar lalacewar dangin dangi. Abin sha'awa shine, a cikin zaman talala, rayuwar maharbi yana ƙaruwa sosai. Tare da kulawa da ta dace, zai iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 35. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin daji kullun yakan fitar da jikin mutum zuwa manyan kaya, yana gudana da yawa, kuma a hankali yana sawa. Cheetah daya ce daga cikin misalai kadan lokacin da dabbar da ta fada cikin mazaunin halittar mutum ya rayu tsawon rai.
Wani hanzari ne alatu ke bunkasa?
Cheetahs sune dabbobin da suka fi sauri a duniya. Wasu daidaikun mutane na iya hanzarta zuwa 130 km / h, kuma matsakaicin Gudun gudu shine 75 km / h.
Koyaya, saboda tsananin tafiya, cheetahs ba zasu iya yin nisa da sauri ba. Lokacin da maƙiyi zai iya yin saurin gudu yana dogara da juriyarsa. Amma kuna buƙatar yin la'akari da gaskiyar cewa yayin turawa daga ƙasa, cheetah tana sanya ƙashin ƙafafun kafa baya fiye da na gaba, cire ƙarshen baya. Wannan yana ba ku damar yin tsalle mai ƙarfi, amma don motsa jiki ta wannan hanyar da kiyaye daidaito, yana buƙatar ƙoƙari mai yawa. Dangane da haka, maharbin ya gaji da sauri yana mai saurin sauka idan ba zai yiwu a kama ganima ba.
Ina ne cheetah ke zaune?
Masu son farauta sun fi son zama a cikin savannah, inda akwai wurare da yawa don gudu. Hakanan yana da kyau ga salon farautar su. Ciyayen ciyayi masu bushe suna baka damar haɗuwa da ita saboda launinta. Saboda wannan, yawancin nau'ikan suna rayuwa ne a Afirka. Mainasar, wadda ke zaune a cikin wuraren herbivores da ke ɗauke da filaye da yawa, ya dace da cheetahs su rayu.
Ban da Afirka, ana samun wannan dabbar a Asiya, Gabashin Indiya, Iran, Afghanistan da Pakistan. Koyaya, rarar ƙasashen Asiya daban daban suna zaune akan waɗannan ƙasashe.
Hali da farauta
Dangane da farauta, ana iya daukar cheetah mutum ne mai ladabi. Ganin ganima, bai ɓoye ba kuma bai yi ƙoƙarin kai hari ga wanda aka azabtar daga ƙarƙashin shirun ba. Shiga kansa a cikin ciyawa zuwa nesa na 10-15 m, ya fito fili ya ba ta, ya bar kansa da za a lura. Lokacin da ganima ta fara gudu, kurciya tayi saurin bin sa. Daga farkon watanni, matasa kowane mutum ya koya samun abinci, kama shi, kuma kada ya yi sauri a kan dabbobin da ke tsaye a wurin.
Bayan ya rage nisa zuwa mafi karancin, cheetah ta harbi dabbar da ke ta tsere da kafafunta, tana kwankwasawa a kasa. Da zarar kan shi, maharbi ya kama wuyan abinsa da bakin sa yana jira har numfashin sa ya tsaya.
Lokacin da aka sami abinci, da cheetah ba fara abinci nan da nan. Gudun da sauri yana ɗaukar makamashi da yawa, don haka yana ɗaukar ɗan lokaci don dawo da numfashinsa kuma ya fara ci. Haka kuma, cheetah ba ta iya tsayar da ganima. Hyenas da kuma manyan fatar za su iya kwashe shi ta hanyar kai hari kan 'yan kunar bakin yayin da za su dauki iska.
Tallafin Afirka
Hudu daga cikinsu suna zaune ne a Afirka:
- Acinonyx jubatus hecki, wanda masana kimiyya suka bayyana a 1913 kawai, an rarraba shi a cikin Yammacin Afirka da hamada Sahara.
- Acinonyx jubatus fearoni, wanda aka sani a duniyar kimiyya tun daga 1834, ana samun shi a cikin yankunan gabashin Afirka.
- Acinonyx jubatus jubatus, bayanin da aka tattara a cikin 1775, mazaunin Kudancin Afirka ne.
- Acinonyx jubatus soemmeringii, sanannun masana kimiyya tun daga 1855, mazaunin yankuna na arewa maso gabashin Afirka.
Subsarancin Kuɗaɗen kuɗi
Cheetahs ya fito daga tsohuwar magabaci, myacid, kamar sauran dangin cat da canids.
Menene myacid yayi kama (a hagu)
Musamman, yanayin halittar Cheetahs kusan ya shuɗe bayan shekarun kankara, amma sakamakon “ƙwanƙwasawa” yayi aiki.
Tare da wannan kalmar, masana kimiyya sun bayyana tsarin rage raguwa a cikin rukunin hanyoyin yayin da ake cikin mahimmancin ci gaba. A lokaci guda, abubuwan halitta suna fara aiki, canza dangi da cikakken rakodin abubuwan gado, sakamakon abin da ake buƙata maye gurbi ya faru wanda ya ba da damar yawan dabbobi su rayu. Wannan shine ɗayan mahimman tarihin juyin halitta.
Yau yawan jama'ar Cheetah a duniya babban misali ne na irin wannan tsari.
An tabbatar da cewa wadannan dabbobin suna da bambancin kwayoyin halittar dan adam, wadanda suke ba da shawara cewa, a cikin bala'i na karshe na duniyarmu, wataƙila mutane biyu ne suka rayu, waɗanda sune magabatan dukkanin Cheetahs da suke a yau. Yanzu, dabbobin sun rage tasirin girma, da ƙaruwa mai da hankali ga cututtukan cuta, digo cikin haihuwa. Yawancin mace-mace a tsakanin kashin yana lura; sakamakon yawan rigakafin da ake samu, rabin sabbin dabbobin da suke haihuwar ba sa rayuwa har zuwa ƙarshen shekarar farko ta rayuwa.
Cheetahs sun sha bamban sosai game da ilimin halittar jikinsu daga sauran wakilan dangi. Tabbas, sun fi kama da karnuka.
A farkon karni na karshe, har ma sun kasance cikin haɗin kai a cikin wani keɓaɓɓen iyali, amma daga baya, saboda wasu kamanni a cikin tsarin tare da Pumas da raguwa mai yawa, an ƙara su zuwa ƙananan kuliyoyi.
Masana kimiya a yau sun san rabe-raben kwari hudu na Cheetahs:
- Acinonyx aicha,
- Acinonyx matsakaici,
- Acinonyx kurteni,
- Yin afuwa da Acinonyx.
Daga baya ana kiranta 'Yammacin Turai kuma yana zaune a yankin Turai ta zamani.
Cheetah ba tare da aibobi ba
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Cheetahs na da tsawon rayuwar kimanin shekaru 12 zuwa ashirin. Ba a yiwa rijista ba na rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 25, amma, a matsayinka na mai mulki, wannan yakan faru da wuya. Dabbobin sun fi son farauta da sanyin safiya ko kuma kusanci da yamma. Tsananin zafin rana yana tafe da kansa. Duk maza da mace na cheetahs suna farauta. Duk wadancan kuma wasu kadai.
Duk da cewa cheetah sanannen sananne ne saboda saurin sa da kuma ƙarfin tsalle mai ƙarfi, yana da iya awoyi zuwa biyar zuwa takwas kawai don kammala su. Sa'an nan ya ƙare yana buƙatar jinkiri, haka ma, cikakke. Sau da yawa saboda wannan, yakan rasa ganima, yana ɗaukar rabin awa don yin sumo.
Saboda haka, kwanakinsa suka wuce bayan ɗan gajeren farauta da kuma dogon hutawa. Muscleswararrun tsokoki a jiki, ƙafafu masu ƙarfi ba sa sa shi ɗan ƙaddara, a akasin wannan, shi ne mafi rauni daga mafi kusancin dangi na kuliyoyi. Saboda haka, a yanayi, cheetahs suna da wahala, kuma adadinsu ya ragu sosai a ƙarni da suka gabata.
Mutumin ya samo su don amfani da lokacin sa a farauta. A zamanin d middle a da na tsakiyar, sarakuna suna rike duk abin da ake kira cheetahs a kotu. Ana farauta, sai suka kama dabbobin da suka makantar da dabbobin kusa da garken tumaki. A nan suka buɗe idanunsu suka jira su cika wasa. An mai da dabbobin da ke da rauni a kan gada, kuma ana karɓar ganima. Tabbas, an ciyar da su a kotu.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Cheetah yar kyanwa
Cheetahs dabbobi ne kawai, musamman mace. Yayin tafiyar, maza, galibi dangi suna dangantawa da juna, za su haɗu a cikin ƙaramin rukuni har zuwa mutum 4-5. Suna yin alama da kansu yankin da mata suke, wanda za su aura kuma su kare maza daga wasu ƙungiyoyi daga ɓoyewa. Ana yin sadarwa tsakanin mutane ta hanyar tsarkake juna da kuma ba da lasisin juna.
Yanada dacewar yanayin damuna ba'a bayyana shi sosai, yawanci zakuna suna bayyana duk shekara. Sai dai idan a cikin yankuna na kudanci an killace shi ga lokacin daga Nuwamba zuwa Maris, kuma a arewa, akasin haka, daga Maris zuwa Satumba. Amma wannan ilimin ilimin lissafi ne. Tsawon lokacin haihuwa a cikin mace na cheetah yana dauke kimanin watanni uku. Aƙalla biyu, aƙalla ƙwalla shida suna haihuwa, kamar cat na gida na al'ada. Theaukar nauyin ƙwayar jariri daga 150 zuwa 300 grams, ya danganta da adadin su a cikin zuriya. Morearin cuban sanduna, ƙasa da nauyinsu. Abin takaici, rabin su ba da daɗewa ba suna mutuwa, saboda yadda rayuwarsu ta yi rauni.
Cubs makafi ne a lokacin haihuwa da marasa taimako. Suna buƙatar kulawa mai juna biyu. Maza basa cikin ɗaukar 'yayansu, amma nan da nan bayan an haɗu an cire su. A sati na biyu na rayuwa, jarirai suna buɗe idanunsu kuma suka fara koyan tafiya. Abubuwan da ke cikin kittens kusan ba su da bambanci, suna bayyana daga baya, alhali suna da launin toka. Suna da tsayi da taushi, har ma akwai nau'in mane da tassels a kan wutsiya. Daga baya, furcin farko ya faɗi, kuma fatar fata mai cike da duhu tana maye gurbin sa. A cikin watanni hudu, 'ya' yansu sun yi kama da maza, ƙarami ne kaɗan.
Lokacin lactation din ya kai watanni takwas. Matasa masu tasowa sun fara farauta da kansu kawai a shekara. Duk wannan lokacin suna kusa da uwar da ke ciyar da su, da kuma koyon rayuwar manya daga gareta, ta hanyar lalata da wasa.
Rayuwa & Habitat
A baya can, ango da Asiya na Asiya sun mamaye yawancin adadi. Adadin Afirka daga Maroko zuwa Cape na Kyakkyawan Fata ya zauna a cikin nahiyar. An rarraba ƙasashen Asiya a Indiya, Pakistan, Isra'ila, Iran. A cikin tsohuwar tarayyar Soviet, cheetah ba dabba ce mai wuya ba. A yau mafarauta yana gab da hallakaswa.
Tarwatsa jama'a da yawa sun haifar da kare jinsi, galibi a Algeria, Zambia, Kenya, Angola, Somalia. Smallan ƙaramin ɗan ƙaramin yanki ya ragu a Asiya. A cikin shekaru ɗari da suka gabata, yawan ƙwayoyin cuta sun ragu daga mutane dubu 100 zuwa dubu 10.
Paƙƙarfan dabbobi suna guje wa ɓoyuwa, fi son wuraren buɗe. Dabarar dabbobi baya cikin kayan dabbobi, yakan jagoranci rayuwar kai kadai. Hatta ma'aurata suna yin aure na gajeriyar magana, daga baya ta rabu.
Maza suna zaune shi kaɗai, amma a wasu lokutan ma ƙungiyoyi na haɗaɗɗun ƙungiyoyi na mutum 2-3, a cikinsu akwai waɗanda aka daidaita dangantakar. Mata suna rayuwa da kansu, idan ba su yi zuriya ba. Cheetahs ba su da rikici a cikin cikin kungiyoyi.
Manya da sauƙin jinkiri da kusancin sauran ƙwayoyin cuta, har ma da lafazin lamuran juna. Game da cheetah zamu iya cewa wannan dabba ce ta lumana a tsakanin dangi.
Ba kamar yawancin magabatanta ba, cheetah tana farauta ne kawai a lokacin rana, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar kayan abinci. Yana fita neman abinci a cikin lokacin sanyi da safe ko da yamma, amma kafin magariba. Yana da mahimmanci ga cheetah don ganin ganima, kuma ba ji kamar sauran dabbobi ba. A dare, maharbin yana farauta da wuya.
Cheetah ba za ta nemi awanni a wuri ba kuma ta nemi wanda aka cutar. Mai ganin ganima, da maƙiyin da sauri ya riske shi. Hakkin dan adam na yau da kullun, rashin ma'amala a cikin dabbobi tun zamanin da, lokacin da suke sarakunan wuraren zama.
Al'adu ya inganta halayensu na jigon abubuwa. Babban saurin gudu, tsalle mai tsayi na dabbar, iya canza yanayin motsi tare da saurin walkiya don yaudarar wanda abin ya shafa - gudu daga cheetah a banza. Zai iya zama da gangan, kamar yadda ikon maharbi bai isa ba don dogon bincike.
Yankin maza shine yanki mai buɗewa, wanda yayi alama da fitsari ko hurawar jiki. Saboda karancin fararen hular, cheetah ba ta neman ciyayi wanda ba za ta iya hawa ba. Dabba na iya samun matsuguni ne kawai a ƙarƙashin kurmi mai ƙaya, kambin itace mai laushi.Girman wurin maza yana dogara da yawan abinci, kuma shafukan yanar gizon mace sun dogara da kasancewar zuriya.
Abokan gaba na magabatan 'yan zaki ne, dawakai, damisa, bawai kawai suke kama dabbobi ba, harma suna kama ɗan adam. Cheetah mafarauta m. Raunin da aka samu daga waɗanda abin ya shafa ya zama mai muni ga mafarautan da kansu, saboda zai iya samun abinci kawai a kyakkyawan yanayin jiki. Dabarar dabara.
Abokan halitta na cheetah
Babban hatsarin cheetahs shine wasu mafarautan dake zaune kusa dasu. Zakuna, damisa da ጅbobi hakika zasuyi kokarin kwashe abinci, wani lokacin kuma zasu iya kai hari kan cheetah. Saboda wannan, an tilasta su su zauna cikin yanayi mafi wahala, musamman ma mata. Kiwo cuba cuban zuriya, uwaye dole ne su sa hanu da farauta, kuma su kiyaye zuriya. Latterarshen na iya zama abinci ga sauran mafarauta.
Yalwa da mazauni
Sakamakon karancin gado mai yawa, yawan mutuwa a tsakanin almara. Yanzu dabbar a hankali tana bacewa. Idan a farkon shekarar 1900 adadin su ya ninka dubu dari, yanzu kimanin 10,000 na cheetah suna rayuwa ne a duniya.
Cheetahs suna cikin mutuwa
Yawancin nau'ikan suna rayuwa ne a Afirka. A da, an samo 'yan adaren a dukkan kusurwoyin ƙasa, amma yanzu abubuwan da suka mallaka sun ragu da kashi 77%. A cikin yankin ƙasashen Asiya, wani jinsi dabam yana zaune - Acinonyx Jubatus Venaticus.
Kowace shekara, ana rage yawan ƙwayoyin cuta a hankali, kuma mutane suna ƙoƙarin kula da su. Ana keɓance tanadi na musamman inda kuliyoyi zasu iya dogaro da yawan cin abinci na yau da kullun da kuma rashin haɗari don renon yara.
A lokacin Tsararraki, sarakuna sun yi amfani da cheetahs wajen farauta. Tare da ɗakunan ajiya an gina cheararrabawa. Makusantan makusantan suka dauke su zuwa yanayi, inda suka samo wasa. Bayan cheetahs sun kama wanda aka azabtar ya fara jan numfashi, mutane zasu matso kusa dasu akan dawakai, suka kama, suka kwashe ganima, sannan zasu koma gida. Ya kamata a sani cewa sarakunan sun nuna matukar godiya ga cheetahs dinsu, bayan farauta sun ciyar da su cikakkun kuma sun yi kokarin samar musu yanayi mai gamsarwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Cheetahs daga Littafin nan mai haske
Cheetahs sun zama da wuya. Masana kimiyya kawai za su iya fahimtar muhimmancin yanayin da raguwar adadin wannan nau'in. Ta ƙi daga mutum dubu ɗari zuwa dubu goma kuma ta ci gaba da raguwa. Cheetahs an daɗe ana jera su a cikin littafin Red a ƙarƙashin wani nau'in mai saurin rauni, amma Unionungiyar Internationalasa da Duniya don Kula da Yanayi ta duba halin da ake ciki kuma ta ba da shawarar sanya su cikin matsayin "a ƙarshen ƙarewa."
Yanzu jimlar mutane basu wuce 7100 ba. Cheetahs sun haifar da talauci a cikin bauta. Hakanan yana da matukar wahala a samar musu da yanayin rayuwa wanda zasu iya jin daɗin rayuwa mai kyau da haihuwa. Suna buƙatar yanayi na musamman da canjin yanayi, suna shiga yanayin baƙon, dabbar ta fara ji rauni. A lokacin sanyi, yawanci sukan kamu da mura, wanda daga cikinsu zasu iya mutuwa.
Akwai manyan dalilai guda biyu na raguwar adadin nau'in halittu:
- Take hakkin mazaunin dabbobi ta hanyar noma, gini, lalacewar muhalli daga ababen more rayuwa, yawon shakatawa
- Wayarwa.
Cheetah Shinkafa
Hoto: Dabba na Cheetah
Kwanan nan, yankuna ƙasa na ɗabaru na alatu sun ragu sosai. Don kare waɗannan dabbobin, ana yin ƙoƙari don kiyaye wani yanki na dabam da mutum da ayyukansa, musamman idan adadin ƙwayoyin cheetah suka mamaye wannan yanki.
A Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, a wani lokacin ya shahara wajen kiyaye wannan dabbar a gida. Koyaya, a cikin bauta ba su da tushe ko kaɗan, suna mutuwa a cikin ƙuruciyarsu. A yunƙurin ceton dabbobi daga mummunan yanayi, an kama su, an sayar da su, an bincika su. Amma duk wannan ya kara dagula lamarin. A lokacin sufuri, dabbobi sun mutu, kuma yayin da aka canza yankin, an rage rayuwarsu sosai.
Masana kimiyya da sabis na tsaro sun cika da damuwa game da tambayar kuma suka yanke hukuncin cewa ya kamata a kare dabbobi daga duk wani shisshigi, har ma don taimako. Hanya guda daya tilo don kiyayewa da taimakon alumma ba shine a taba su da yankunansu ba cheetah yana raye kuma yana ƙaruwa.
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