Hanya daya da aka sani ko hipo, ita ce dabba daga dabbobi don tsari, halittar alade-kamar (marasa kanada), dangin hipo. Ita kaɗai ce nau'in nau'inta. Siffar halayyar dabbar ta ta'allaka ne ga yanayin rayuwarta na ruwa-ruwa: ciyar da lokacinsu akasarinsu cikin ruwa, hirar kan tafi ƙasa da daddare don abinci. Hippos yawanci suna zaune a cikin ruwa tsarkakakke, wanda ba a taɓa samun sa a cikin tekuna ba.
Bayanin Hippo
Hippos suna daya daga cikin manyan dabbobin ƙasa. Matsakaicin nauyin maza shine kimanin kilogram 1600, ga mace wannan adadi shine 1400 kg. Tsawonsa ya kai mita 1.65. Tsawon jiki daga 3 zuwa 5 m. Tsayi tsayi 55-60 cm.
Hippopotamus ba shi yiwuwa a rikice tare da kowace dabba saboda kyawun halayenta. Haɗin dabbar kamar gangar-dabbobin yana haɗuwa da gajerun ƙafafu masu kauri, waɗanda ke gajera sosai har ciki ya kusan taɓa ƙasa yayin tafiya. Shugaban yana da girma babba, rectangular a cikin bayanin martaba, nauyinsa ya kai 900 kilogram. Hakanan wuyansa kuma gajarta, wanda aka nuna rauni. Eyes ƙanƙane, fatar ƙyalli. Kan hanci ya fadi. Kunnuwa suna ƙarami, mai hannu, tare da su dabbar tana iya korar tsuntsaye da kwari. Kan hanci, idanu da kunnuwa sun tashi kuma suna cikin jirgin guda, saboda haka ya isa ga maharin ya fallasa saman kai daga ruwa ya numfasa, kallo da ji.
Murmushi mai faɗi a gabanta an rufe shi da vibrissae. Jaws 60-70 cm faɗin bakin .. bakin yana iya buɗewa sosai. A kan wata gabar jiki, yatsunsu hudu da ke membranes. Wutsiyar takaice, tana matsawa zuwa bakin.
Launin jikin Hanya ya nuna launin ruwan kasa-da launin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. Fata a kusa da idanu da kunnuwa mai ruwan hoda. A baya yawanci duhu da ciki ruwan hoda. Fatar tayi kusan kauri 4 cm.
Siffofin Hippo
Hippos sune wuraren herbivores. Abincinsu yana da ruwa-kusa da ganye. Abin sha'awa shine, basa cin tsire-tsire masu ruwa. Hippos kuje a cikin ƙasa, kuma a zahiri "yanke" ciyawar a ƙarƙashin tushe. Yaro ya ci abinci daga kilo 40 zuwa 70 na abinci a kowace rana.
A yayin kiwo, an sha bamban da hips daga sauran mutane, kodayake galibin garken dabbobi ne. Tare, mata kawai tare da sanduna koyaushe suna ci. Hippos ba su da nisa fiye da kilomita 3 daga ruwa don neman abinci.
Kwanan nan, an sami bayanai game da halayyar tsatsar-hip, hare-hare kan gemuwa, tururuwa, shanu.
Hippo yadawo
Yanzu an rarraba hip na musamman a yankin Saharar Afirka, sai Madagascar. Ya zuwa 2008, akwai mutane dubu 125 zuwa dubu 150 a Nahiyar, kuma, abin takaici, wannan adadi yana raguwa koyaushe. Mafi yawan alumomin suna zaune a gabas da kudu maso gabashin Afirka (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique). A yammacin Afirka, yawan jama'a yana da yawa sosai (Senegal, Guinea-Bissau).
Yarjejeniyar hanyar hipo na yau da kullun
Haɗin kai na yau da kullun shine nau'ikan da ake fifita irin waɗannan hanyoyin:
- Hippopotamus amphibius amphibius - wani saukin hali ne, mazaunin Sudan, Habasha da arewacin Kongo,
- H.a.kiboko - an samu a Somalia da Kenya,
- H.a.capensis - yana zaune a Kudancin Afirka, daga Zambia zuwa Afirka ta Kudu,
- H.a.tschadensis - aka rarraba a yammacin nahiyar,
- H.a.constrictus mazaunin Angola ne da Namibia.
Namiji da Namiji: manyan bambance-bambance
Yawan jima'i a cikin hips bai bayyana kanta a sarari ba. Mata sun fi qarancin maza da kusan 10%, kawunansu ma kanana. Namiji ma ya na da ingantattun tsummokoki, wanda hakan yasa mumps na halaye suke a fuska.
Hippo hali
Hippos suna zaune kusa da gabar ruwa mai kyau. Zai iya zama ko manyan koguna ko tafkuna, ko kuma ƙananan tafkunan laka. Ka'idodi na asali a gare shi, don ya iya ɗaukar garke duka, kuma ba ya bushe kullun. Bugu da kari, kasancewar ciyawar ciyawar ciyawa ta kusa da wuraren kiwo kusa da kandami yana da mahimmanci ga dabba. Game da yanayin tabarbarewa, hippos sun sami damar yin ƙaura zuwa wani tafki, amma har yanzu ba a bayyana su ta hanyar nisan ƙasa.
Rayuwar Hippo tana da rawar gani a bayyane. Da rana, dabbobi suna cikin ruwa, inda suke bacci, da kawunansu waje, kuma suna kiwo cikin dare.
Maza manya waɗanda ba su da matattararsu na rayuwa sau ɗaya a lokaci kuma galibi suna yaƙi a waje. Irin waɗannan gwagwarmaya dogaye ne da zalunci, dabbobi na iya haifar da munanan raunuka ga juna har mutuwa. Hippos a bakin teku suna da matukar tayar da hankali. Ba sa son maƙwabta kuma suna kori duk baƙi, gami da dabbobi da kuma giwaye. Tsawon namiji saurayi shine mita 50-100 a bakin kogin da kuma mita 250-500 a bakin tafkin.
Lokacin da dabba ta fito daga ruwa kuma ta tafi ciyarwa, tana amfani da hanyar iri ɗaya ne. A cikin ƙasa mai laushi, irin waɗannan hanyoyi suna da fadi da zurfin rami, fasali mai bayyane yanayin fili. Dabba tana motsawa ta ƙasa cikin matakai. Matsakaicin saurin yana zuwa kilomita 30 / h.
Baya ga toa singlean mace ɗaya, hipan wasan hips suna da mutane 20-30, kuma matasa, manya ne masu tsufa ke rike da su daga kungiyoyin digiri.
Hippos suna da ingantaccen tsarin sadarwa na murya, tare da taimakon nau'ikan alamu suna iya bayyana haɗari, tsokanar zalunci da sauran ji. Sautuna yawanci suna haushi ko haushi. Babban muryar dako, har zuwa decibels 110, ana ɗaukar su da nisa cikin ruwa. Hippopotamus shine dabbar dabba kaɗai mai iya yin sauti, duka a ƙasa da ruwa.
Kuma waɗannan dabbobin suna da ƙarfi sosai wajen fesa jijiyoyinsu da fitsari, waɗanda suke hidimar nuna alama da sadarwa.
Hippo kiwo
Matan Hippo sun zama balaga yayin jima'i a shekaru 7-15, maza tun yana shekaru 6-14. A cikin garken, manyan maza ne kawai suke da diya tare da mata. Lokacin kiwo shine yanayi. Mating yakan faru sau biyu a shekara, a cikin watan Fabrairu da Agusta. An haifi Cubs a lokacin damina. Lokacin haila shine watanni 8. Kafin haihuwa, mace ta bar garken, yawanci tana haihuwa cikin ruwa. Akwai ɗa guda ɗaya a cikin zuriyar dabbobi, mai nauyin kilogram 27 zuwa 50, tare da tsawon jikinsa ya kai 1 m da tsini wanda ya kai cm 50 Bayan haihuwar, mace ta zauna tare da jaririn tsawon kwanaki 10 na farko har sai ya sami bakin kansa. Rashin shayarwa na tsawon watanni 18.
Abokan Hippo na zahiri
Hippos basu da makiya na halitta da yawa. Zakin zakoki da kifayen Nile suna da haɗari a gare su. Amma ga waɗannan kaddara, mazan mazan suna da wahalar samu, saboda suna da girma, ƙarfi da makamai dauke da mayaƙa masu tsayi. Idan mata suka kare cuban sanduna, sukan zama masu tsananin fushi da ƙarfi. Idan an bar jariran ba a kulawa, to, sai dai idan kunno kai, kutare da karnuka ne ke kaiwarsu. Bugu da kari, matasa membobin garken na iya bazata ambaliya.
Rashin damuwa yana shafi yanayin yawan mahaɗan, musamman mutum. Yawansa yana raguwa koyaushe saboda tarnaki don manufar samun nama da ƙashi, kazalika saboda lalata halayen mazaunin dabbobi. Dalilin na ƙarshe yana da alaƙa da haɓakar yawan jama'ar Afirka, da kuma daidaita aikin sabbin ƙasashe don buƙatun aikin gona, galibi ƙasashe masu bakin teku inda ake buɗe hips da abinci. Ban ruwa, gina madatsun ruwa da canje-canje a tafarkin koguna suma suna cutar da yanayin yawan wannan nau'in.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da hippo
- Matsayin daya daga cikin manyan dabbobin ƙasa na zamani (matsakaicin nauyi ya kai tan 4), hippos suna gasa tare da rhinos don matsayi na biyu a cikin wannan alamar bayan giwayen. Kuma mafi kusa dangi a gare su kifi ne.
- Daga zamanin da, mazaunan Afirka suna amfani da abincin da ake amfani da su na hips. Fannonin Hippo suma suna da tamani, waɗanda su ma sun fi hauren giwa. A Afirka, an ba da izinin farautar tsegumi, amma har ilayau ya ci gaba da yaduwa.
- Hippos mazauna karkara ne da daruruwan dabbobi a duk faɗin duniyarmu, a cikin kangin da suke rayuwa suna rayuwa da wadata, wanda kuma zai iya zama hanya don adana tsaran.