Pecilia (lat.Xiphophorus maculatus) yana ɗayan mashahuran kifin kifayen. Rashin daidaituwa, kyakkyawa, canza launuka iri-iri da kuma saukin kiwo, sun shahara sosai.
Ita, kamar mai farin ciki, mai ɗaukar takobi, mollies yana da viviparous, wato, yana ɗaukar ƙwai a cikin jikin mutum.
Game da abun ciki na Pecilia da kiwo, zamu fada a cikin labarinmu.
Yaya suke kama? Ta yaya kuma tare da abin da za a ciyar da pecilia? Shin sunadarai cikin abin da suke ciki? Yadda za a yi asali da su? Waɗannan tambayoyin za su amsa wannan labarin.
Bayanin
Pecilia karamin kifi ne, tsawon jikin mutum ya kai 3.5 - 5, kuma tsammanin rayuwa kusan shekaru 3-4 ne. Game da bayyanar da kuma canza launi, suna iya bambanta sosai, abu ne mai wuya mutum ya bayyana komai.
Zamu iya ambaci pelicia na discilia kawai, wani nau'i ne wanda aka samo shi musamman tare da kashin baya kuma saboda wannan wani nau'in jiki ne na musamman, ana kiran shi pelcilia balloon.
A zahiri, babu bambance-bambance a cikin abinda ke tsakanin pecilia na yau da kullun da sililinda. Na karshen, saboda lalatawar gabobin da kwarangwal din, sun fi sauran girma.
Ciyar da abinci
A cikin yanayin, pecillia yana ciyar da kwari da algae. Kuma a cikin akwatin kifaye, suna farin cikin cin kowane irin abinci.
Yana da mahimmanci a haɗa abinci mai ɗauke da fiber a cikin abincin Pecilia, zai iya zama ko dai hatsi tare da kayan kayan lambu ko kayan marmari - cucumbers, zucchini, alayyafo.
A dabi'a, algae suna da babban sashi na abinci, kuma shuka kayan abinci yana ba da gudummawa ga aiki na yau da kullun na jijiyoyin ciki.
Amma game da abincin dabbobi, za su iya zama kowane irin - magudanar jini, tubule, artemia da corpetra cikakke ne.
Rikicin abun ciki
Kifi yana da kyau ga masu farawa da ci gaba. Daga cikin pecilli, kowa zai sami kifaye masu ban sha'awa wa kansu.
Kamar kusan dukkan viviparous, Pecilia tana da cikakkiyar fassara kuma tana ɗora masa. Hakanan za'a iya kiyaye su a cikin kananan ruwayen ruwa, daga lita 40-50, amma ƙari sun fi kyau.
Tsakanin kansu, ba sa nuna fitina (ba kamar takobi), kuma za a iya kiyaye su da fifikon mata. Namiji ɗaya ya isa mace biyu ko uku.
Tsarin ruwa ba shi da mahimmanci, ruwa na taurin matsakaici zai zama mai kyau (15 - 30 dGH), acidity a cikin ph: 7.0-8.3, da kuma yawan zafin jiki na 22-25 C.
Yana da mahimmanci cewa ruwan yana da tsabta kuma sabo ne, yana da kyau a sauya wani ɓangaren ruwan a mako-mako (har zuwa 20%).
Jirgin ruwa da kwalliya abu ne kyawawa, amma idan akwatin kifayen ba a cike suke ba, to ana iya yin sakaci da shi.
Gida
Theasar zama ta Pecilians ita ce Amurka, inda suke zaune a ƙananan ƙananan kogunan da ke gudu zuwa Tekun Atlantika. A cikin yanayin yanayi, waɗannan garken makaranta suna da launi daga launin toka mai launin toka zuwa tabo. Ba za a iya kira shi da kyan gani ba, kuma yau kifaye masu haske sakamakon aikin shayarwa ne.
Pecilia ya girma a cikin yanayi har zuwa 18 cm, kuma siffofin akwatin kifaye ba su wuce 5 cm a tsawon. Jikinsu ya gajarta da kamannin kamannin rhombus tare da kyakkyawan wutsiyar fin. Shugaban daidai ne ga jiki, yana da manyan idanu. Bakin ya tashi. Theungiyoyin kifin suna da sauri cikin sauri, santsi, ba karku ba.
Don rayuwa a cikin yanayi, kifi suna zaɓan wurare masu tsayi da tsire-tsire masu ruwa waɗanda zasu iya ɓoyewa daga mafarauta. Abincin ya ƙunshi algae da kwari, da ƙananan ƙananan hanyoyin ruwa waɗanda ba su da kwasfa mai ƙarfi.
Waɗannan kifayen an kawo su cikin Turai - a karni na 20 kawai. Sun kawo su daga Mexico da Guatemala. An fara bayyana nau'in a cikin 1886. A cikin U.S., jinsin da sauri ya sami sha'awar shayarwa waɗanda, ta hanyar ƙoƙarinsu, sun sami damar zama mazaunan gidaje don wuraren waha na gida daga jan zuwa shudi, waɗanda ke da tsauri kuma har ma da farawa masu farawa da yawa kuskure wajen kula da akwatin kifaye, daga kifin daji mai bayyane. Pecilia suna da kwanciyar hankali kuma suna da masaniyar rayuwa tare da adadin sauran nau'ikan kifaye.
Dokokin Abun ciki
Kodayake ana ɗaukar kifin mazaunan kifaye marasa ma'ana, har yanzu suna buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayin rayuwa mai gamsarwa. Dabbobin gida suna buƙatar ruwa mai tsabta, wanda bazai ƙunshi ammoniya da nitrite ba. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar kulawa da ingantaccen tsarin tacewa. Hakanan zai buƙaci tsaftataccen ruwan sha mai tsayawa akai domin kar ya kwantar da ƙasan matakan da ake buƙata. Kasancewar mai damfara don aeration ya zama dole, har ma da yalwar tsire-tsire, ba tare da irin wannan na'urar ba, kifin ba zai ji daɗin rayuwa ba, tsawon rayuwar su zai ragu sosai.
Yawan ruwa (a cikin lita 1 a samin) | Zazzabi (° C) | Ac Acid (pH) | Hardness (dGH) |
24-27 | 8-25 | 7,5-8 | 2 |
Ana aiwatar da tsabtace akwatin kifaye sau ɗaya a mako, yayin maye gurbin ⅓ na jimlar ruwa. Don musanyawa, yi amfani da ruwa mai tsami kawai bayan ya gama kuma ya mai da shi zuwa zafin jiki da ake so. Idan ya cancanta, ya kamata a taƙaita sigogin shigarwar tare da waɗanda ke da ruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye, ta amfani da sigogi na musamman waɗanda aka sayar a cikin shagunan dabbobi.
Pecilia tayi iyo sosai, sabili da haka ya kamata su zabi wani akwati mai kusurwa, matsakaicin mafi girman zurfin ko nisa, domin dabbobi su sami damar motsawa daga sama zuwa kasan. Volumeaukar girmansa kyawawa ne daga 100 l, tunda in ba haka ba zai zama matsala matsala a sanya kifi a cikin garken saboda rashin sarari. Idan kuna son samun fiye da 5 pecilia, zaku iya iyakance kanku ga ƙarfin 50 50, ku haɗa kamfanin pecilia tare da kifin kifi da sauran maƙwabta masu ƙaunar zaman lafiya waɗanda ke mamaye sauran hanyoyin ruwa.
Loveaunar ƙauna don yawan tsire-tsire waɗanda kuke iya ɓoyewa, yana sa ya zama dole ga yawan shimfidar wurare na akwatin kifaye. Zai fi kyau amfani da tsire-tsire na gaske tare da manyan ganye. Ganyen magarya na iya zama a cikin tafki na gida, amma fa idan yana da inganci mafi inganci. A saman ruwa, yana da kyau a bar roschia rosettes su taso kan ruwa, waɗanda suke sa hasken a cikin akwatin kifaye na halitta, ya bazu. An bar filin gaba don kifin ya sami sarari don yin iyo.
Ilasa, kamar bango, yana da kyau a zaɓi mai duhu. Don haka pecilia zai yi kama da kyan gani kuma launinsu zai bayyana sosai. Idan ruwan ya yi laushi, to za a iya sanya sandstone a ƙasa, wanda ke ƙara ƙarfinta.
Murfin wajibi ne ga akwatin kifaye, saboda Pecilia kifi ne mai tsalle wanda zai iya mutuwa cikin sauƙi ba tare da tsallake daga ruwa ba. Idan tanki ba ta da murfi, to, za a iya maye gurbin ta da wani gilashi, wanda za'a cakuɗa shi saman.
Yarbuwa
Ana kiran pecilia a matsayin "alkaline" kifi, kuma yana da mahimmanci a la'akari da wannan lokacin zabar maƙwabta. Ba shi yiwuwa a ƙulla kifi a gare su waɗanda ke buƙatar laushi ko ruwan acidic. Da kyau tare da wannan nau'in:
- maƙiyin
- molliesia
- guppies
- daban-daban tetras
- Ramirezi
- zebrafish
- kifin kifi, gami da tsibirin sarkar.
Irin waɗannan kifayen ba su yarda da su kamar maƙwabta:
- Kifin gwal - saboda bambancin girman su, zasu ga pectilia a matsayin ganima kuma ta hadiye ta,
- kifin kaddara
- nau'in da basu dace da sigogin ruwa ba.
Ba shi yiwuwa a ƙara jigon ruwa na ruwa a pecilli, idan sun kasance ƙanana kaɗan. Lokacin da irin waɗannan mazaunan suke da manyan isa har abada, za a iya haɗa su tare da kifi, wanda zai yi kama da sabon abu da kayan ado.
Gabaɗaya, dacewa da nau'in halittar tare da maƙwabta ita ce babban.
Cutar
Cututtuka galibi suna tasowa ne kawai saboda rashin kula da kifaye a cikin akwatin kifaye, lokacin da ba a basu isasshen tsarkakakkiyar ruwa, akwai kuma ciyarwar da ba ta dace ba. Pecilia yawanci yana jurewa cututtuka daban-daban. Koyaya, kamuwa da cutarsu tare da ichthyophthyroidism da parasitic pathologies har yanzu yana yiwuwa. Kwayoyin cuta na iya shiga cikin akwatin ruwa tare da abinci mai kyau mara kyau, kazalika idan ba a keɓe sabon kifaye kafin ya kasance cikin babban akwatin kifaye ba.
Kiwo
Fishe suna da matukar ƙarfi kuma ana iya haifar su cikin sauƙi ko da a cikin babban akwatin ruwa, wanda akwai isasshen tsire-tsire, saboda soya na iya ɓoyewa a cikin su, in ba haka ba, manya za su ci su, har da iyayensu. Idan kana son samun adadin samari masu yawan gaske, to ya kamata a tashi kifi a cikin akwatin kifayen shuka, inda zuriyarsu ba za su kasance cikin haɗari ba.
Girma na kifin ya kai watanni 8-12. Mata sun fi maza girma kuma sun fi wadatar abinci, sun fi karanci kyau da kyan gani. Maza sunyi gyaran fin fin, wanda yayi kama da bututu. A lokacin sha'awar jima'i, launukan mutane da na mata gaba ɗaya suna zama mai haske musamman.
A cikin mace, ciki na dadawa a lokacin daukar ciki, kuma wani wuri mai duhu ya bayyana a yankin fin fin, wanda aka same shi a cikin dukkanin jinsunan viviparous. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin soya, idanu na farko, kuma su ne waɗanda ake iya gani ta hanyar bangon bakin ciki na igiyoyin kuma su ba da launi mai duhu. Na farko lokacin da mace ta samar da bai wuce 20 ba, kuma daga baya har zuwa 50. Bayan haihuwa, nan take ta rabu da zuriyarta.
A soya bayan haihuwa sun kasance masu zaman kansu. Ba a buƙatar tsare iyaye. Ya kamata a ciyar da soya tare da tafasasshen gwaiduwa na ƙwai kaza, artemia da abinci na musamman. A kan abinci mai rai, kifi yana girma da sauri.
Daga makonni 6, ya kamata a ana soya fry da girman da jinsi. Wannan zai guji cin naman mutane.
Balloon
Nau'i na kiwo, wanda ke da gyara jiki tare da kashin baya da ciki mai ciki. A waje, irin wannan kifin yana kama da Pecilia na yau da kullun tare da gajarta jiki kuma yana da girma sosai. Tsarin zai iya nuna matsaloli masu mahimmanci tare da haifuwa saboda yaduwar kashin baya da kuma barkewar gabobin ciki.
Baki
Irin wannan kifin yana da babban launi na launin baki, amma ƙusoshin na iya zama ja, rawaya ko lemo. Wasu mutane suna iya samun ɗaure tare da kan iyaka mai iyaka da ƙarshen zane mai ban tsoro, wanda yayi kama da kyan gani sosai.
Zaɓin pesilia na kowane irin, mutum ya kamata ya kula da bayyanarsa da gaskiyar cewa ba shi da alamun rashin lafiya da rauni.
Bambanci tsakanin Pecilia da Molliesia
Dukkanin ƙananan tallafin na Pecilia da Molly suna da irin wannan bayyanar. Don haka, mollies suna da mafi kyawu da gangar jikinsu, kuma suna da nesa nesa daga dubura zuwa fin caudal. Zaɓuɓɓuka masu launi ba su da yawa kamar yadda a Pecilia - yawanci baƙar fata da mollies na zinariya suna kan siyarwa, kuma a lokuta mafi wuya, fari.
Pecilia yana da nutsuwa kuma baya shirya gwagwarmaya tare da maƙwabta. Hakanan za'a iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin alama ce. Fuskokinsu suna da maganganu daban-daban - mollie ya fi ƙarfin m.
Lokacin fara samar da akwatin kifaye, zaka iya zaɓar kowane pecilia azaman dabbobin ka na farko. An rarrabe su ta hanyar lafiya mai kyau, juriya har ma da tsira daga wasu karkacewa daga kyakkyawan yanayin tsarewar. Bugu da kari, suna iya saurin haihuwa, suna iya zama a cikin wani tafki na gida daga tsara zuwa tsara, kuma kwanciyar hankali na wannan kifin yana ba su damar ƙara maƙwabta maƙwabta da kuma wasu nau'ikan.
Banbancin jinsi
A cikin maza da mata a Pecilia, bambancin jinsi yana da faɗi sosai. Mata yawanci sun fi girma (palpably), tare da cikar ciki da zagaye, kuma ƙasa mai haske.
A cikin maza, fin fin ya juya daga gonopodia, ƙanana ne da nuna.
Fin fin mata na da fadi.
Namiji (ƙasa) da mace
Iri Pecilia na akwatin kifaye
Yawancin nau'ikan akwatin kifayen na Pecilia sun bambanta ba kawai launi ba, har ma da nau'ikan siffofi da ƙyalli.
Ana iya rarrabasu kamar haka:
- Multicolor - launuka da yawa da tabarau ana tattara su cikin launi.
- Baki shine nau'in halitta mai duhu.
- Plain - Ya hada da bambance bambancen da yawa.
Siffar yakan bambanta:
- na gargajiya
- tare da ainihin fin fin,
- diski-mai siffa - jikin yana kama da wanda ya fashe daga bangarorin.
Yana da wuya a iya lissafa dukkan nau'ikan, amma an gabatar da mafi kyawun waɗanda suka fi fice a nan.
Balloons
Wannan nau'in yana da lahani na kashin gaske, saboda haka yana da sifofi marasa kama da balanbala mai cike da mamaki. Wannan shine mafi girman nau'in filaye, ba shi da mahimmanci fara fara akwatin kifaye tare da shi.
Manyan mutane - har zuwa 12 cm tsayi 10 cm tsayi a cikin fin din hannun. Launin Sikeli na iya zama ya fi bambanci.
Reds
Babban Pecilia na Berlin (har zuwa cm 12) tare da sikelin dukkan launuka masu launin ja da mulufi da kuma kyashi mai haske. Ba a fassara shi ba, ana amfani da shi don gicciyewa tare da takobi don haifar da sabbin gyare-gyare. Don kula da hasken launi a cikin abincin, ana buƙatar abinci mai rai yau da kullun. Daya daga cikin shahararrun nau'ikan.
Baki
Manyan isasshen ruwan akwatin kifayen (har zuwa 10 cm). Launin duhu na Sikeli yana sanya shuɗi, launin toka, inuwa mai kauri. An san nau'ikan sautin biyu tare da haske, ja ko ruwan lemo. Umyalli bayyane ne ko lemun tsami tare da shuɗika uwar shuɗi.
Ana amfani da su sau da yawa don samun sabon nau'in, kamar yadda suke haɗa lafiya da wasu kifaye.
Rana rana
Hakanan, ana kiran wannan nau'in chintz pecilia, kullun yana buƙatar buƙatattun masu ruwa da tsaki, amma yana da wuya a iya siye shi, nau'in saƙo ne mai wuya Gaban jiki a cikin sautunan lemun tsami, na baya - inuwa mai launin ja-orange. Guda ɗaya ɗin tare da gyaran kwal. Oran ƙarami ko manyan abubuwan haɗuwa akan tarnaƙi. Maza sun fi bayyana launuka.
Tarihi na Pecilia
Pecilia yawanci rikice ne tare da mollies da takobi, wanda za'a iya kiran shi ɗaya daga nau'ikan su. Duk waɗannan kifayen dangin-hakori ne.
An kawo su Turai daga Guatemala da kudancin Mexico a farkon karni na 20.
Bayanin farko na asalin babban ɗan kudu ya bayyana a 1886, daga baya, a cikin 1904, na pecilia kore, da motley a 1932.
Dukkan nau'ikan, ban da na kore, yanzu ana nazari sosai, kuma da yawa kuma sun tsallake a tsakanin su.
Green pecilia a yau yana haifar da babbar sha'awa a tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaran ruwa, wanda hakan zai haifar da bayyanar sababbin nau'in kiwo mai ban sha'awa.
Mista Tail ya ba da shawarar: fasali na akwatin kifaye
Pecilia yana ƙaunar biyu masu fara binciken ruwa tare da ƙwararru saboda yanayin zaman lafiya. Jayayya ba ta tashi ko da a cikin tafadi na wucin gadi, inda maza da yawa suna da namiji ɗaya.
Mafi kyawun yanayi don kiyaye waɗannan kifayen:
- A akwatin kifayen yakamata ya zama babban isasshen zurfi tare da karamin girma. 2 l na ruwa ya isa mutum ɗaya, amma garken za su ji daɗi aƙalla a cikin tafki na wucin gadi mai lita 60.
- Pecilians suna ƙaunar ɓoye a cikin tsire-tsire masu ruwa, don haka dole ne a dasa akwatin kifin tare da cryptocoryne, echinodorus, elodea, da hornwort. A farfajiya ya cancanci a riccia. Yana da kyawawa don barin filin gaba da komai, sannan garken kifaye masu haske suna da ban sha'awa sosai.
- Don hana cututtuka na peculiarities, yana da kyau a ƙara ɗan gishiri a cikin ruwa, ba shakka, idan wannan bai cutar da tsirrai masu ruwa da sauran mazaunan tafki ba.
- Tabbatar samar da tacewa (ciki na iya zama) da kuma ruwa na ruwa, musamman tare da dimbin tsire-tsire. Dole ne a sauƙaƙa kwatancen volumeara tare da sabon ruwa yau da kullun.
- Duhu mai narkewa na ƙasa yana da kyau a cikin akwatin kifaye tare da pecilia, kuma daskararren yashi zai ba ruwan da ƙarfi ya zama 10-30 dH. Hakanan za'a iya tayar dashi ta hanyar ƙara kwakwalwan marmara da kuma maganin magnesia. Tare da taushi mai yawa, kifayen sun fara rashin lafiya.
- Matsakaicin zafin jiki shine + 22 ... + 26 ° C, acidity shine 7-8 pH.
- Zai fi kyau a rufe akwatin kifaye tare da murfi, kamar yadda mahajjata ke yin tsalle sosai.
Rigakafin cutar
Lafiyayyen kifin ya dogara ne da yanayin zafin jiki. Idan ruwan yayi sanyi, to Pecilia na iya kama mura. Suna kuma iya yin rashin lafiya. cututtuka na fungal ko fin rot. A wannan batun, yana da matukar muhimmanci a kula da yawan zafin jiki na ruwa yau da kullun.
Idan irin wannan yanayin mara kyau har yanzu ya faru, to zazzabi ruwa a cikin akwatin kifin ya kamata ya tashi zuwa 28 ° C. A lokaci guda, wani ɓangaren ruwan yana buƙatar canza sabo, ƙara gishiri kadan a ciki.Hakanan kuna buƙatar ƙara haɓaka aquarium na gida tare da taimakon kayan aiki na musamman.
Cutar Pecilia, kamar yadda al'adar ta nuna, tana yaduwa da sauri a cikin akwatin kifaye. Saboda haka, kuna buƙatar kama kifin da ba shi da lafiya a cikin mafi ƙarancin lokacin yiwu daga tanki kuma kuyi daban, a cikin wani nau'in kifin keɓewa.
Mahimmanci!A lokacin cutar, ba shi da mahimmanci a yi kiwo da Pecilia. Babu wani abin kirki da zai zo da shi.
Wani lokacin pecilia na akwatin kifaye na iya zama da cutar. Bayyanar cututtuka na wannan sune farin dige da kumfa waɗanda ke bayyana akan jikin kifin. A gaban irin waɗannan abubuwan, ya kamata a dauki matakan kai tsaye. Da farko kuna buƙatar tayar da zazzabi a cikin akwatin kifin, sannan kuma ku ƙara ƙwayar a cikin ruwa.
Encedwararru masu binciken ruwa a yawancin lokaci suna amfani da su Tripaflavin, wanda yake iya taimakawa kifi ya kawar da cututtuka da dama. Amma don kada ku haɗu da irin waɗannan matsalolin kwata-kwata, ya kamata ku lura sosai da lafiyar lafiyar dabbobin gidan kifayen ku, yayin tabbatar da kyawawan yanayi. Kuma wannan, kamar yadda kake gani, mai yiwuwa ne ba kawai ga kwararrun masu binciken ruwa ba, har ma ga masu farawa wadanda basu da cikakkiyar masaniya a wannan fannin.
Pecilia mai ciki
Cutar da juna biyu cikin sauki ana iya rarrabe ta da kumburin ciki. Kuma idan mace mai ciki tana da isasshen fatar fata a cikin ciki, haka kuma za ku iya ganin fatar idanun larvae. Kimanin haihuwar farko dole ne a tantance kawai da gani. Amma a lokacin ne kawai, tare da maimaita haihuwa, zai yuwu a karkatar da kansu daidai tsakanin jikan haihuwa.
Ba a daɗewa kafin isar, mahaifar mahaifa tayi wani yanayi mai kama. A wannan lokacin, zai fi kyau kada a haɗarinsa kuma a sanya mace a cikin jig na musamman, in ba haka ba haihuwar za ta faru a cikin akwatin kifayen gama gari, kuma a dafa abincin. Don haihuwa, ya zama dole a shirya jig na musamman. Zai iya zama: karamin akwatin kifaye tare da daskararruka na tsire-tsire, tanki filastik ko kuma kwalba mai lita uku.
Ina amfani da tanki mai filastik lita shida tare da murfi na kullewa don haihuwar Pecilia da Swordsmen. Volumearar tanki tana ba ku damar adana oxygen a cikin ruwa na dogon lokaci idan isarwar ta jinkirta, kuma murfin yana hana mace daga tsalle daga cikin tanki.
Na inuda tanki tare da mace mai ciki tare da jakar opaque. Da safe da maraice Ina buɗe kunshin kuma in bincika: idan babu haihuwar haihuwa, Ina ciyar da mace kuma in sake cika tanki. Bayan ta haihu, mace ta koma babban akwatin kifaye, sai a yayyafa shi cikin akwatin kifayen da ke girma.
Yadda ake abokiyar aure
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, Pecilia ne viviparous kifi. Wato, hadi da qwai, da kuma haihuwar kai tsaye ana yin ta ne a cikin mace. Wannan lokacin na iya ɗaukar daga kwanaki 28 zuwa 40.
Ciyarwa na iya faruwa sau da yawa a cikin shekara. Shy soya, yawanci so a tsaya a cikin garken. Zai iya bayyana a cikin adadin 30 zuwa 80 guda. A zahiri kai tsaye ci abinci iri ɗaya kamar kifi girma.
Spawning na iya faruwa duka a cikin babban akwatin kifin tank, kuma a cikin daban. Ofarar wani tafki daban yakamata ya zama akalla 5-10 lita. A fannin yaduwar fecilli, akwai hanyoyi uku.
- Zabi na farko. Shi ne ya fi kowa. Ana canza kifi zuwa wani wurin ɓoyewa daga wurin ruwan kifaye na kowa. Soyawar da ta bayyana za a yi girma a wurin kuma a ware mafi kyawun mutane. Sauran aquarists amfani.
- Zabi na biyu. Ana kiranta hanyar 'iri-iri. A wannan yanayin, potillia duka suna rayuwa da kuma asali a cikin akwatin kifaye guda. Amma a nan kuna buƙatar yin hankali sosai lokacin da wasu nau'in kifaye suke zaune a cikin tafki, saboda suna iya lalata kawai abin da aka haife shi. Dangane da kiwo, makwabta mara kyau sune takobi, masu guba ba za suyi kyau sosai ba. Amma Cardinal ba zai tsoma baki tare da haifuwa cikakke ba.
- Zabi na uku. Wannan hanyar ta fi rikitarwa. Ya kamata a kiyaye masu samar da kifi daban daban ta hanyar dasa su a cikin dakunan ruwa na lita 20. A kowace tanki yakamata a sami ƙarin ɗan mace fiye da maza. Hakanan, kwantena 50 l don gyara da kuma 100 l aquariums don yara za a buƙaci. Za a raba kifi a ƙasa. Soyawan da aka haife shi dole ne koyaushe ana rarrabe su ta hanyar jima'i da launi. Dole a zubar da mutuncin talakawa.
Mahimmanci!Hanyoyi guda biyu na farko sun dace sosai ga waɗanda kawai suke so su sami zuriya. Idan aquarist ɗin yana nufin samun pecilia mai haske mai ban sha'awa mai launi tare da asali da launi na asali, to kuna buƙatar komawa zuwa zaɓi na uku na haifuwa.
Kiwo
Babu wani shiri na musamman don kiwo da ake buƙata; wannan zai faru da kansa idan akwai mace da namiji.
Dangane da batun, akwai tabbacin cewa ya fi wahala a daina yada Farisa sama da farawa.
Domin mace ta samu juna biyu, namiji daya ga mace uku ya isa. Wannan adadin yana da kyau kwarai saboda yana rage gasa tsakanin maza kuma yana baiwa mata damar hutawa daga garesu.
Pecilia suna da viviparous, wato, suna nan da nan suna da wani soyayyen da aka girka wanda zai iya iyo. Za'a iya gano mace ta ciki ta hanyar zagaye ciki da duhu a kusa da fin fin.
Yawanci, Pecilia mace tana haihuwa kowane kwanaki 28, yawan soya yakai kusan 20-40. Haihuwar Pecilia yana da sauƙi, ya isa ya dasa shi kuma ya ƙara tsire-tsire a cikin akwatin kifaye. A wannan lokacin, baya buƙatar damuwa; yana da kyau a rufe gilashin gaba da takarda.
Amma tuna cewa sun ci soya, kuma don su tsira kuna buƙatar dasa tsire-tsire da yawa ko kuma nan da nan dasa su a cikin akwati daban.
Kulawa da soya mai sauqi qwarai, tunda an haife shi babban kuma fasali. Kuna iya ciyar da shi tare da gwaiduwa kwai, busasshen abinci, abincin da aka sa alama don soya.
Idan ciyar ya kasance yalwatacce kuma ruwa mai tsabta, to bayan watanni uku, pecillia ta zama mai yin jima'i.
Disk
Cikakke pecilia sananne ne ga fasalin jikinta wanda bai saba ba ta hanyar zabi. Saboda yanayin kashin baya a cikin kifi, lalata jiki wani lokaci yakan faru. Fisharamin kifi, wanda yake buƙatar kulawa. Discilia discia an haife ta ba tare da sifa ba. Matsalolin kiwo. Ballon ya bambanta da nau'in kawai a siffar jiki da launi: ja ko fari.
Schwartz
An bambanta pecilia na wannan nau'in da tsiri na duhu kore da duhu rawaya.
Ba da ta'aziyya ga baƙi yana da sauƙi. Gane halin kiwon lafiyar kifin yayin ciyarwa, lokacin da duk bangarorin suka taru a saman ruwa don shan abinci. Ya kamata launi ya zama mai haske, halayyar - mai aiki. Karanta sake kifi lokaci zuwa lokaci.
Zɓk
An san Pecilia don kyakkyawar rayuwarta a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Kifi zai buƙaci:
- Nisan ruwa mai zurfi tare da murfin. Abubuwan mutum biyu suna da kyau a cikin akwati na lita 20.
- Ruwa tare da pH darajar 7-8 (tsaka tsaki, dan kadan alkaline), 9-19 dH (matsakaici ƙarfi), zazzabi 22-26 digiri.
- Haske don adana tsirrai da simintin canjin lokaci na rana.
- Gudun ruwa da tsufa. An san cewa kifaye suna rayuwa ba tare da ƙarin kayan aiki ba, amma don cikakken rayuwa yana da bukata.
Tsarin akwatin kifaye
Don tafki ana buƙatar:
- Isasa ta yi duhu cikin launi, wanda kifin zai fi dacewa da shi.
- Mafi yawan tsire-tsire marasa fassara. Don masu farawa, wata elodea ko riccia iyo ta dace.
- Garkuwa da shimfidar wuri. Pecilia sune kifaye masu ban sha'awa waɗanda suke son ɓoyewa da nazarin mazauninsu.
Musamman kulawa sun haɗa da:
- canjin ruwa mako-mako da kashi 20-30,
- Sa ido kan halayen kifi,
- ciyar da sau 1-2 a rana,
- tari na abun da ke ciki da abinci,
- Siphon tsaftacewa sau daya a mako.
Ciyarwa
Lokacin shakatawa yana farawa daga watanni 8-12. Ciki mai ciki da duhu a cikin fin fin ya nuna ciki. Theara ciyar da mace zuwa sau 3-5 a rana. Kifi ya haifi 'yan kwanaki 28-30, yana haihuwa 50 soya. Kafin haihuwar, sanya mace mai ciki a cikin wani akwati ko tukunyar, ta tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali. Plantsara tsire-tsire daga babban akwatin kifaye. Ana maimaita haihuwar yara bayan wata daya.
Soya
A cikin viviparous kifi, soya bayyana balagagge kuma mai zaman kanta. Iyaye suna cin zuriya, saboda haka yana da kyau a soya ƙananan yara ko samar da mafaka ga akwatin kifaye. Matasa kifi suna buƙatar ruwa mai tsabta. Ciyar da kifin da aka ƙura
- kwai gwaiduwa
- bushe abinci
- abinci na musamman don soya,
- mai yin bututu.
Bayan wata daya, an canza soya zuwa abincin da ya girma, kuma bayan watanni uku ana dasa su a cikin ruwaye daban-daban ta hanyar jima'i.
Shawara
- Idan overfeeding faruwa, nan da nan cire wuce haddi abinci tare da net daga akwatin kifaye.
- Lokacin da kake siyan abincin kifi, kayi nazari a hankali lokacin ƙarewa da yanayin ajiya. Guji ciyarwa da nauyi.
- A lokacin da kiwo kifi, zaɓi kifi na jinsuna ɗaya, saboda haka zuriyar za ta kasance mai zurfi.
- A lokacin da spawning, tuna cewa da yawa zuriya bayyana. Kula da samun babban akwatin kifaye.
- Lokacin da sayen dabbobi a cikin shagon, a hankali bincika kifin. Kada ta nuna alamun rashin lafiya.
- Kuna buƙatar ƙaddamar da sabon kifi a cikin akwatin kifayen hankali. Da farko sanya jaka a cikin akwatin kifaye na rabin sa'a, sannan zuba wasu ruwa na akwatin kifaye a cikin jakar jigilar kaya. A hankali ƙara ruwan akwatin kifaye.
Pecilia wani kifi ne mai kyau wanda ba a bayyana shi ba wanda yake cikakke ga masu farawa. Fasalin mai ban sha'awa: idan yanayin tsarewa ya canza sosai, to kifin yana canza jima'i. Don haka, mace ta zama namiji.
Fitowar Pecilia
Akwai nau'ikan pecilia da yawa, yawancinsu ana jera su a cikin hoto. Don haka, zamu lissafa wasu nau'ikan da ke ƙasa:
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Abin da za a ciyar
A cikin tafkunan, abincin kifi a kan algae, kwari. Kuma za'a iya ciyar da dabbobi tare da kowane abinci. Amma kar ku manta cewa a cikin abincin dole ne a sami abinci tare da fiber, alal misali, flakes tare da spirulina ko zucchini scalded ta ruwan zãfi, cucumbers, in ba haka ba zai ci tsire-tsire daga waɗanda suke da taushi. Gaskiyar ita ce ana buƙatar abinci na shuka don ingantaccen aikin narkewa. Daga abincin dabbobi, bayar da fifiko ga magudanar jini, jatan jine, da coronet.
A cikin wane yanayi ya kamata a kiyaye da kuma yadda ake kulawa
Aquariums daga 40l sun dace don kiyaye pecilia; idan ƙarar ya fi girma, to wannan ya ma fi kyau. Tsakaninsu, kifayen ba sa yin faɗa, sai dai idan ba lallai ne mace tana cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na ciki kuma suna iya yin faɗa da maza. Themauke su da yawan adadin mace. Misali, mace 1 da mata 2-3.
Kowane mako, kuna buƙatar canza 20% na ruwa. Don jin daɗin rayuwa a cikin akwatin kifaye yakamata shigar da injin da mai samar da bayanai.
Hoto: ya yi kyau da kifayen kifi
Su wa suka dace da su
Ana iya kiyaye pecilia a cikin akwatin kifaye na kowa. Suna cikin kwanciyar hankali, ba za su taɓa kowa ba. Amma duk iri ɗaya ne, maƙwabta masu dacewa zasu zama mollies, takobi, guppies, corridors, wato kusan girman ɗaya. Sauran ƙananan kifayen lumana, kamar zebrafish, suma sun dace da rabawa.
Babu matsala zaka iya sanya garin barkono a cikin akwatin karko guda tare da masu dabbobin. Ba za su iya ciyar da kansu ba ko kuma za a ji rauni ko a ci.
Yadda ake bambance namiji daga mace
Idan ka bincika kifin a hankali, za ka lura cewa mace tana da ciki mai zagaye, launi mai ɗumi da girman su ya fi na maza girma. Wani siyayyar fasalin shine kasancewar gaban ɗan ƙaramin ƙaramar ƙwararrun abin da ake kira gonopodia. Fit ɗin fitsarar mace yana da faɗi, kamar yadda yake cikin hoton da ke ƙasa:
Hoto: wata mata Pecilia a cikin haihuwa
Radish
Pecilia radish - kifi mai suna mai ban dariya, bred godiya ga masu shayarwa. Wani fasalin da ya bambanta shi ne ƙarshen bayan wani nau'i na musamman, wanda yake da launi mai launi-baki. Sauran ƙusoshin ma suna da duhu baya. Jikin radish na iya zama mulufi ko wasu launuka.
An bambanta iri-iri ta ƙoshin lafiya da ƙarfin hali, don haka abun cikin sa baya haifar da matsala ga mai shi.
Tricolor
Yawan launuka uku masu launi sun girma zuwa tsawon 7 cm, kuma yana buƙatar sarari akalla lita 40. Wannan Pecilia yana da sauƙin abun ciki, amma nau'in yana buƙatar sauko da ciyayi mai ɗorewa, inda kifayen za su iya jin amintaccen ɗayansu.
Launin launi na mazaunin kudanci yana da yawa, akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa: rawaya tare da kore da shuɗi, haɗuwa daban-daban na duhu, ruwan lemo da rawaya.
Don yin launi da kifin ya zama mai haske kuma ya zama mai ɗorewa, an gabatar da abinci mai rai cikin abincin.
Jirgin ruwan welfer
Jirgin sama mai filafi-tashi yana samun sunan sa saboda yawan wasan dorsal, wanda yayi kama da jirgin ruwa. Halittar tayi girma a cikin tsayi daga cm 4 zuwa 10. Launi na kifin na iya zama sautuna daban-daban: cakulan, azurfa, tabo, rawaya. A cikin akwatin kifaye, ana sa shi a cikin matsakaici na tsakiya, ana rarrabe shi ta hanyar aiki da motsi. Idan karammiski yana ƙasa, to, wani abu ba daidai ba ne da dabbar.
Spotted
Abubuwan da aka gani suna da kusanci ga jinsunan daji iri iri, da launi da girma. A tsayi, kifin ya yi girma har zuwa 6 cm, asalin asalin jikinsa shi ne Orange, tare da duhu duhu da fin wutsiya. Masu shayarwa sun gwammace suyi daidai daidai da wakilan da ake gani, suna samun kifaye da yawa masu launuka masu haske.
Don tabbatar da tsayayyen patchilium, ana buƙatar tanki mai ƙarancin ƙaramar lita 60, tunda phenotype na son sarari da motsi.
Rawaya
Kifin rawaya yana da launi mai haske, mai cike da launi na rana, yayin da insa areannun fentin a cikin launuka masu launin shuɗi kuma a bayyane a ƙarshen. A tsayi, dabbobin gida sun girma har zuwa cm 10. Maza sun fi karancin mace yawa, kuma sun banbanta da launi mai cike da farin kabeji. Kifi na rana ba ya buƙatar yanayi na musamman, asalin halitta ba shi da ma'ana kuma yana da halayyar nishaɗi.
Neon
Pecilia neon (bakan gizo) kifi ne mai launi mai ban mamaki: sikeli mai shimfiɗa tare da launuka masu shuɗi da shuɗi, waɗanda ke canza tunani idan aka fallasa su zuwa hasken rana. Fin ɗin farin da ake yi da ginin sauran ƙyallen yawanci duhu ne cikin launi. Kifin bakan gizo na Neon ya fi son zuwa makaranta, saboda haka kuna buƙatar yada su tare da ƙungiyar akalla kifi 6-8.
Baƙar fata
Pecilia ja mai launin fari-ta waje yayi kama da mai takobi, kuma shine asalin magabatan Peciliae da yawa. Caaƙƙarfan farin dusalin na phenotype launin shuɗi ne mai launin shuɗi, kuma jiki mai launin ja ne ko launin rawaya. Saboda haka dabbobi ba su rasa jikewa da sautunan ringi, gogaggun masu binciken ruwa suna bayar da shawarar ciyar da abincin kifi. Pecilia mai launin fata-baki a tsawonsa ya kai 12 cm, mai aiki da kuzari.
Mickey Mouse
Pecilia Mickey Mouse ya samo suna mai ban sha'awa saboda launinta: duhu mai duhu akan ƙarshen cincin kifin mai kama da muzzles na jigon zane. Jikin Pecilia Mickey Mouse na iya zama lemun tsami ko azurfa a launi, ventral ventral are transparent, kuma doarfin ƙashi yana da rawaya. Wannan nau'in yana haifar da mummunar hanyar rayuwa, saboda haka yana da kyau a mamaye kifi shida zuwa bakwai a cikin akwati ɗaya a lokaci daya.
Harshen Tuxedo
Pecilia tuxedo shine kifin ruwan kifin furanni wanda yake da kyan gani da kuma abokantaka a yanayi. Baya da ciki na phenotype sune azurfa, kuma an jefa tarnaƙi cikin shuɗin shuɗi. A tsayi, dabbobin gida sun girma har zuwa 10 cm.
Sau da yawa Tuxedo yakan haye tare da wasu nau'ikan, saboda sakamakon shine kifi tare da launi mai dadi da baƙon abu.
- taurin kai - 8-25 dH,
- acidity - 7.5-8 pH,
- zazzabi - 20-25C.
Ruwa yana sake sabuntawa a mako, yana maye gurbin 1/3 na ƙara. Aeration ya kafa matsakaici, yayin da mai gabatarwa yakamata yayi aiki gaba daya. An saita walƙiya zuwa matsakaici ta sanya kwararan fitila sama a kandami.
A matsayin ƙasa, masu binciken ruwa sun gwammace yin amfani da yashi ko kuma tsakuwa na ƙaramin juzu'i, yayin da aka zaɓi abun cikin duhu sautunan duhu - suna girgiza kifayen da riba. An dasa kayan lambu da rai, mai yawa da yaduwa, saboda nau'in halittar da take son ɓoyewa a cikin ɓoyayyiyar itace. Don yin iyo, bar yankin kyauta a gaban. Wadannan nau'in unpreentious na flora sun dace sosai:
- Wallisneria
- hygrophil,
- riccia,
- salviniya
- Kakakin
- echinodorus,
- Elodea.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Kifayen da ba su da ma'ana a cikin abincinsu, kuma suna farin cikin cin kowane nau'in abinci. Yana da mahimmanci cewa ciyarwar ta daidaita, kuma ya ƙunshi abinci iri biyu na tushen abinci da abinci: daphnia, zubar jini, rotifers, da tubule. Ana ciyar da dabbobi gida sau biyu a rana, adadin servings an ƙaddara su kamar haka: an zuba abincin a cikin ruwa, kuma kifi nawa ne za a ci cikin minti 10 zai zama ɗayan bawa ɗaya. An cire ragowar abinci daga tafki, don kar a tsokane hadarin ci gaban kwayoyi masu cutarwa. Sau ɗaya a kowace kwana bakwai, suna shirya azumin rana don dabbobinsu, suna ciyar da abinci kaɗai da safe.