Tekun Barents ita ce tekun Arctic, da ke wanke bakin tekun Rasha da Norway. Yankin ta kusan murabba'in murabba'in 1,500. km, kuma matsakaicin zurfin shine 600 m. Tekun yana da mahimmanci a fannin tattalin arziki - mashigai na tashar Murmansk da Varde suna nan, har da manyan wuraren kamun kifi da wuraren ajiyar ruwa.
Mahimmancin muhalli
Matsalolin Tekun Barents suna da alaƙa da hakar albarkatun ƙasa - kifi da mai. A lokaci guda, hanyoyin kamun kifi na zamani suna lalata yankin ruwa, kuma farautar namun daji tana bunƙasa a cikin teku. Saboda yawan hakar ma'adanai, ruwa na gurbata lokaci lokaci da sharar masana'antu, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar mutane a rayuwar ruwa.
Yawan wuce kima na kamun kifi
A tekun, fasa, kwala, pollock da sauran mazaunan ruwa, gami da kifi Whales, ana hakar ma'adinai. Babban kamun kifi yana haifar da raguwar kifayen kifayen kifi da daddawa, dawa, bass, da kwalin kifi. Don haka, bisa ga umarnin Hukumar Kula da Masunta ta Tarayya wanda aka sanya ranar 5 ga Disamba 5, 2019 Lambar 655 "Game da rarraba jimlar damar mallakar albarkatun halittar ruwa na Yankin Tsarin Masarawa na Arewacin ...", don 2020 Rasha ta karbi lambobin dala miliyan 315 834 na lambobin, 92 581 ton na haddock, 9 4245 tan na halibut, ton 5,012 na kamchatka crab da tan 11,855 tan na teku, wanda ya zarce alkaluman shekarar 2019. Koyaya, yakamata mutum ya biya haraji - saboda yawan ƙoshin abinci da ƙarancin jama'arta, an haramta kamun kifi don kasuwanci.
Na dabam, za mu iya fitar da matsalar matsalar farauta, wanda kuma ya danganta da shan abinci gabaɗaya da kuma ƙoshin kyawawan kiwo da gwanaye. Wadanda aka cutar da masu cutar pofish ne, haddock, herring, halibut.
Ptureaukar hoto ba shi da tsari da kullun, wanda ke haifar da dakatar da maido da albarkatu masu mahimmanci. Sarkar abinci ta sha wuya, an hana rikakken halittu.
Kasancewar iska
Tsarin Rasha na Tekun Barents shine mafi yawan abubuwan bincike don iskar gas. An samar da man na Arctic Prirazlomnoye na farko a cikin 2013. Idan aka karya dokokin samarda, mai ya fada kan kankara ko kuma gabar tekun zai iya kasancewa can shekaru da yawa. Lowarancin yanayin zafin jiki ya tsoma baki tare da haɓakar albarkatun ta hanyoyin da aka saba, saboda haka ana amfani da aikin mai ƙarfi.
Hatta ƙananan leaks suna da mummunar tasiri a kan yanayin tekun, suna lalata sadarwa na ruwan teku tare da sararin samaniya, da rage yawan iskar oxygen da kuma lalata gurɓatun ruwan teku.
Masana ilimin muhalli suna fafutukar yaƙi da wannan matsalar. Zai yi wuya a cire mai da aka zube a Arctic, kuma hydrocarbons bazu a hankali. Man na iya shiga cikin kankara ya ci gaba da zama a ciki. Samarwa kanta mai rikitarwa kuma yawanci tana haifar da zubar da ruwa a cikin filayen, samar da kwararar mai a cikin ruwa.
Zubaitar Ruwa na Shigowar Kasuwa
Kasuwanci da ƙauyuka waɗanda ke kusa da gabar Barents Sea suna zubar da ƙazanta najasa a cikin tsaftatattun ruwan. Yankin Kola yana da illa musamman. Baya ga masana'antu, jiragen ruwa daban-daban suna fitar da ruwan sharar gida. Babban hanyoyin gurɓar da iska shine masana'antar Murmansk "Murmanskvodokanal", "tashar tashar teku ta Murmansk" da "tashar jiragen ruwa ta kasuwanci ta Murmansk", da kuma abubuwan amfani da ruwa na Polyarny da Severomorsk.
Ma'aikatun hakar ma'adinai da na ƙarfe na Rasha da Norway suma suna ba da gudummawa ga gurɓataccen iska. Masana'antu na gundumar Pechenga suna zubar da sharar ruwa a cikin kogunan Pechenga da Patsoyoki, wadanda ke kwashe gurɓatattun abubuwa a cikin teku. Masu hakar ma'adinai na kasar Norway suna zubar da sharar gida a gabar gabar teku, daga inda abubuwa masu cutarwa suke shiga cikin ruwan teku tare da ruwan karkashin kasa.
Matsalar farauta
Babban matsalar muhalli a wannan yanki shine farautar namun daji. Tun da bass na teku da herring, haddock da kifin kifi, kwaro, dusar ƙanƙara, halibut ana samun su anan, kullun da ba a sarrafa su ba. Masunta suna kashe adadi mai yawa na mutane, suna hana yanayi sake dawo da albarkatu. Ta hanyar kama wasu nau'in abincin abincin na sauna, gaba ɗaya sarkar abincin, har zuwa masu hasashen, ana iya shafar ta. Don shawo kan masu fashin baki, jihohin da bakin tekun Barents ke wanke tekun su azabtar da kwari. Masana ilimin muhalli sun yi imanin cewa ana buƙatar ƙarin matakan m da m.
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Matsalar samar da mai
Tekun Barents yana da albarkatun mai da iskar gas. Haɓakawarsu na faruwa ne da ƙoƙari mai yawa, amma ba koyaushe ake samun nasara ba. Zai iya zama ƙananan leaks, kuma mai ya zube sararin saman ruwa. Hatta fasahar zamani da kayan aiki masu tsada baya garantin ingantacciyar hanyar da za'a iya fitar da mai.
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Dangane da wannan, akwai kungiyoyi daban-daban na masana ilmin dabbobi wadanda mambobinsu ke yakar matsalar zubar da mai da zubar da mai. Idan ana fuskantar wannan matsalar, dole ne a cire hakoran mai da sauri don rage lalacewar yanayi.
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Matsalar gurɓataccen mai a cikin Tekun Barents yana da rikitarwa ta dalilin cewa yana da wuya a cire mai a yankin Arctic na yanayin ƙasa. A ƙarancin yanayin zafi, wannan abun ya ragu a hankali. Duk da tsabtace na inji, lokaci mai yana gudana cikin kankara, don haka kusan ba zai yiwu a kawar da shi ba, kuna buƙatar jira wannan glacier ya narke.
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Tekun Barents wata dabi'a ce ta musamman, yanayi na musamman da ke buƙatar kiyayewa da kariya daga cutarwa mai cutarwa da kutse tsakanin mutane. Idan aka kwatanta da gurbacewar sauran tekuna, ya sha ƙasa da ƙasa. Koyaya, lalacewar da aka yi wa yanayin yankin ruwan dole ne a cire ta.
Matsalolin muhalli na Barents
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Yanayin yanayin Barents Sea yana dauke da yawa. Yana canzawa don mafi yawan ɓangaren, godiya ga abubuwan da ke ƙayyade abubuwan da suka biyo baya: dogaro da latti, yanayin watsawar yanayin iska, wurare dabam dabam na ruwa, yanayin yanayin saman teku, kewayawa daga nahiyar, halaye da sifofi iri iri.
Dogon lokacin farin ciki na matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici a cikin hunturu daga Disamba zuwa Maris ana ɗaukar halayyar canjin ruwan teku. Kuma ga Barents Har ila yau. Irin waɗannan yanayin yanayin zafin jiki sune halayen magabatan thermouclear, lokacin da aka kula da karuwar yanayin yanayin iska a cikin wata daya na hunturu ana kula da su da maƙwabta. A tsawon lokaci, maimaita nuclei mai ɗumi a cikin watan da aka bashi ba ya ɗore ba, amma canje-canje.
Ba wai kawai masana muhalli suna kiran Barents Sea na musamman ba. Wannan shine ɗayan tsabtace tekuna da ke wanke Turai. Har zuwa yadda yakamata, yanayinsa ya yi tsayayya da kisan mutum da ayyukansa, yana hana matsalolin muhalli daga haɓaka, a fili wannan shine babban abin da ke tura mutane yin asarar albarkatun ƙasa har ma da mummunan tasiri.
Daya daga cikin matsalolin muhalli na Barents Sea shine farauta. Haka ne, masunta a halin yanzu ba daya bane kamar na da, kuma hanyoyin su na cutarwa ne da tsaftar muhalli. Daga mahangar muhalli, to su mummuna ne, masu hallakarwa ne da mutane. Sun lalata hannun kifayen, ba da barin su murmure. Wannan wani lokacin yana lalata dukkanin sarkar abinci. Rasha da Norway suna bin kowane irin dokoki don daidaita halin da ake ciki kuma, ga alama, sun sami sakamako mai kyau, amma ana maye gurbin wata matsala, wacce ta fi damuwa.
Hakan yasa aka wayi gari cewa dabi'a kanta tana jan hankalin mutane da dukiyar ta kuma da wuya ta sami sakamako ba tare da sakamako ga muhalli ba. Tekun Barents ya zama mai arzikin gas da adana mai. Harshen hakar da sufurin “zinari baƙi” daga ƙasan tekun yana da wuya ba tare da sakamako ba. Man fetur shine babbar matsalar muhalli a cikin Tekun Barents. Masana tsabtace muhalli suna ziyartar tsibiran da tsibiran dake kusa da inda ake hakar ma'adinan ko “zinare”.
Ma'aikatan Asusun Kula da namun daji na Yaren mutanen Norway suna shirya masu sa kai don magance zub da mai, wanda babu shakka zai bi duk yanayin aikin. Gashinan mai suna da ban tsoro. Hudu suna buƙatar awa daya ko ma biyu don share yanki na murabba'in mita ɗaya.
Tun shekara ta 1987, sama da dubu biyu da rabi na mutanen da ke gurbata yanayi ya faru a cikin ruwan Norway, a yayin da aka jefa fiye da tan dubu huɗu da rabi na wannan samfurin na teku. An cire yawancin leaks ba tare da cutar da yawa ga mahallin ba, amma a cikin Arctic, haɗarin yana ƙaruwa. A cikin sanyi, mai yana lalata a hankali. Kwayar cuta da kwayoyin cuta da suke cire ta a zazzabi mai dumin gaske basa taimakawa anan.
Tsaftacewar injina koyaushe yana taimaka, amma saboda kankara, samun damar shiga yankin gurɓatacce yana da wahala. Wani lokacin man yana kai tsaye a cikin kankara ko yana gudana ƙarƙashinsa. A irin waɗannan halayen, ba zai yiwu a kai gareshi ba har sai kankara ta narke. Watanni na iya wucewa, saboda tekun da ke kusa da Svalbard, kusan dukkanin hunturu yana ƙarƙashin kankara. Yankin Kudancin Barents Ba a da ƙarancin kankara a duk shekara, kuma a arewa, iska mai sanyi, sanyi da kuma duhu mai duhu suna sa aikin taimako ya zama mai wahala.
Matsalar ita ce kuma idan mai ya tashi zuwa bakin teku, to zai tattara a karkashin kowane dutse. Idan gurɓataccen iska ya faru, to daruruwan mutane zasu yi aiki na shekaru ashirin ko talatin don kawar da shi, sai dai ba shakka hakan yana yiwuwa ko kaɗan.
Tekun Barents shine ɗayan wurare na ƙarshe da suka rage a duniya tare da shimfidar wuri mai faɗi. Asusun Tallafawa Duniya don Kare Yanayi, yana tsoron karfawa da jigilar albarkatun mai da iskar gas zai cutar da shi. Dubun dabbobi za su iya shafawa yayin da bala'in bala'in muhalli ya shafa, kuma yankin zai zama wanda bai dace ba na dogon lokaci. Tekun Barents yanki ne mai kyau. Tana da ɗayan abubuwan ban mamaki na halitta a duniya. Yawancin nau'ikan kifaye suna zaune a nan, manyan tarin tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu shayarwa iri daban-daban. Dole ne mu bar samar da mai ya rusa shi duka.
Daga dukkan matsalolin muhalli da aka riga aka ambata, ana ganin yaduwar mai ita ce mafi ashararan ga Tekun Barents. Hatsarori sun faru a kan tankokin mai da bututun mai yayin samarwa da sufuri. Idan wannan yanki yana da mahimmanci ta fuskar tattalin arziki, to a cikin wani hali ya kamata mu manta game da ilimin halittu na wannan yankin mai zane.